Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Ultrasound-driven co-culture fermentation enhances bioactive components, antioxidant activity and structural properties of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb).
Imtiaz A, Yaqoob S, Awan KA … +7 more , Naveed H, Faraz A, Sultan W, Sobhy R, Nazir A, Qian JY, Shen Q
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42202418 · Full text
This study investigates the impact of multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus helveticus on the bioactive moieties composition, antioxidan...
This study investigates the impact of multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus helveticus on the bioactive moieties composition, antioxidant assay and structural properties of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb). Ultrasound treatment improved microbial activity and mass transfer, promoting the release and biotransformation of bound phenolic components. As a result, total phenolic content increased from 689.36 to 8109.74 µg/mL, while total flavonoid content rose from 110.67 to 1158.48 µg/mL in the optimized treatment (CY). Antioxidant potential exhibited notable enhancement, with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increasing from 651.60 to 1337.14 µmol/L and DPPH radical scavenging activity revealing a moderate increase (values expressed as % inhibition; calculation method specified). HPLC quantification presented substantial increases in key phenolics, such as quinic acid (228.94 to 2912.46 µg/mL) and catechin (25.58 to 66.62 µg/mL). Structural analysis (SEM and XRD) manifested reduced crystallinity and increased porosity, which may facilitate the release of bioactive components. Sensory profiling demonstrated improved flavor characteristics, particularly enhanced floral and fruity notes in fermented treatments. Overall, ultrasound-assisted LAB co-culture fermentation boosted the physicochemical and functional attributes of Chinese yam, suggesting its potential for development as a value-added functional ingredient.
Effect of pulsed ultrasound pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis and bio-functional properties of luffa cylindrica seed protein hydrolysates.
Tabarestani HS, Samie MM, Mahoonak AS … +1 more , Moayedi A
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42202417 · Full text
Pulsed ultrasound pretreatment was investigated as a strategy to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and bio-functional properties of Luffa cylindrica seed protein concentrate. The influence of ultrasound power (100-200 W)...
Pulsed ultrasound pretreatment was investigated as a strategy to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and bio-functional properties of Luffa cylindrica seed protein concentrate. The influence of ultrasound power (100-200 W) and treatment time (5-25 min) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH), structural characteristics, functional properties, and antioxidant activity of Alcalase-generated hydrolysates was evaluated. Ultrasound pretreatment resulted in higher DH values compared with conventional enzymatic hydrolysis (8.13% after 4 h). Ultrasound-assisted treatments followed by only 2 h of hydrolysis produced DH values of 9.6-35.3%, with the maximum obtained at 200 W for 25 min, suggesting that ultrasonic pretreatment may accelerate proteolysis while reducing processing time. SDS-PAGE indicated progressive degradation of native proteins, including reduced intensity of high-molecular-weight bands (>45 kDa) and the appearance of peptides below 15 kDa. FTIR analysis suggested ultrasound-induced conformational changes that may facilitate enzyme accessibility. Moderate treatment (200 W, 5 min) was associated with the highest emulsifying activity (33.3 m g) and foam capacity, whereas prolonged treatment (200 W, 25 min) corresponded with improved foam stability and antioxidant activity. Ultrasound treatment also resulted in more negative zeta potentials (up to - 20.6 mV), which may contribute to improved solubility and dispersion stability. Overall, pulsed ultrasound appears to be a promising approach for modifying the structural and functional properties of L. cylindrica protein hydrolysates for potential food applications.
Ultrasound - assisted sodium alginate coating pretreatment integrated with advanced drying technologies: A novel strategy to optimize drying behavior, energy consumption, physicochemical quality, and sensory attributes of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Zang Z, Huang X, Ma G … +4 more , Zhao Q, Xu Y, Wu B, Wan F
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42202416 · Full text
To address the complex moisture migration pathways, limited process adaptability, and pronounced quality deterioration during the drying of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, this study introduced an ultrasound-sodium alginate (US -...
To address the complex moisture migration pathways, limited process adaptability, and pronounced quality deterioration during the drying of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, this study introduced an ultrasound-sodium alginate (US - SA) pretreatment and coupled it with multiple advanced drying technologies, including multi - frequency ultrasound - vacuum far - infrared drying (MFUS - FIRD), MFUS - HAD, radio frequency vacuum drying (RFVD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), far-infrared vacuum drying (FIRD), and hot air drying (HAD). The drying kinetics, energy consumption, sensory attributes, and quality evolution of Zanthoxylum bungeanum under different processes were systematically compared. The results indicated that (US - SA) - MVD achieved the highest drying efficiency (260 min) and the lowest energy consumption (33.25 kW·h·k), whereas its quality retention was limited. In contrast, Zanthoxylum bungeanum treated by (US - SA)-(MFUS - FIRD) exhibited significantly higher retention of total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity (DPPH = 63.44%, ABTS = 95.47 mg Trolox/g, and FRAP = 65.48 mg Fe/g,), total alkaloids, total amides, and hydroxy-α-sanshool, together with superior color preservation (ΔE = 6.56, BI = 45.85, C = 15.63) and a well-maintained, uniformly porous microstructure. GC - MS and electronic nose analyses demonstrated that (US - SA)-(MFUS - FIRD) favored the retention of terpenes, terpene alcohols, and esters, while suppressing oxidative degradation and off-flavor formation; the responses on W1W, W1S, and W3S sensors reached 27.736, 5.670, and 1.910, respectively, significantly exceeding those of other dehydration methods. Sensory evaluation revealed that (US - SA)-(MFUS - FIRD) and (US - SA)-(MFUS - HAD) samples exhibited higher numbing sensation, spiciness, fresh aroma, and overall acceptability, with lower bitterness and off-odors. Hierarchical clustering heat map and PCA further confirmed the pronounced advantage of (US - SA)-(MFUS - FIRD) in the multidimensional quality space. This study elucidates the quality formation mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum under ultrasound - coating pretreatment coupled with advanced drying technologies, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for its low - energy consumption and high-quality processing. Future research should focus on industrial-scale applications and intelligent regulation of ultrasound-assisted hybrid drying systems.
Integration of ANN-GA optimization and multi-scale mechanistic analysis for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of flavonoids from Cortex Mori.
Che H, Li J, Fu H … +8 more , Hu Y, Gao D, Li Z, Li Q, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Lian M, Li Q
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42190520 · Full text
Cortex Mori (CM), a valuable medicinal plant with abundant flavonoids, exhibits diverse biological and pharmacological activities. This work aims to develop an environmentally friendly and efficient ultrasound-assisted e...
Cortex Mori (CM), a valuable medicinal plant with abundant flavonoids, exhibits diverse biological and pharmacological activities. This work aims to develop an environmentally friendly and efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) strategy for extracting flavonoids from CM, while also elucidating the mechanism underlying this process, characterizing major flavonoids and evaluating their bioactivities. First, UAEE was utilized for flavonoid extraction, and the critical parameters were determined using Plackett-Burman design (PBD), followed by optimization by integrating response surface methodology (RSM) with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-genetic algorithm (GA) approach. In addition, FT-IR, SEM and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were employed to elucidate the extraction mechanisms. UHPLC-HRMS was utilized to identify flavonoids in CM extracts, and the antioxidant and anti-proliferation activities were assessed. Results demonstrated that the ANN-GA model optimization outperformed RSM, yielding a maximum total flavonoid content (TFC) of 21.18 ± 0.94 mg/g under optimized conditions using an ultrasonic bath system, with ultrasonic parameters of 40 kHz and 200 W, combined with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 24 g/mL, ultrasonic temperature of 55 ℃, ethanol volume fraction of 67 % and ultrasonic time of 60 min. Mechanistic analysis revealed that ultrasound promoted structural disruption of cell walls, altered intermolecular interactions, and enhanced solvent accessibility, thereby facilitating enzyme-assisted flavonoid release. A total of 41 flavonoids were tentatively characterized in CM extracts. CM extracts exhibited antioxidant capacity, including ABTS scavenging activity (0.8940 ± 0.0010 mmol/L), DPPH scavenging activity (96.78 ± 4.28 %) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 1.3074 ± 0.1234 mmol/L). CM extracts also showed antiproliferative activity against SW620, 4 T1, A2780, LOVO, and MCF-7 cell lines. Overall, this research provides multi-scale optimization strategies and mechanistic insights into the UAEE process, and offers theoretical guidance for the efficient utilization of CM and other botanical resources.
Acoustic characterization of shell and size-engineered submicron contrast agents using attenuation measurements.
Yaali M, Exner AA, Kolios MC
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42190519 · Full text
Nanobubbles (NBs), consisting of a lipid shell surrounding a gas core, have gained significant interest as contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging. Their acoustic response is strongly influenced by size and shel...
Nanobubbles (NBs), consisting of a lipid shell surrounding a gas core, have gained significant interest as contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging. Their acoustic response is strongly influenced by size and shell properties, yet most prior work has focused on microbubble characterization. Building on insights from microbubble studies, this work investigates the viscoelastic properties of in-house synthesized phospholipid-coated submicron NBs (average diameters of 650-720 nm) using ultrasound bulk attenuation measurements. Three NB formulations with distinct shell compositions were examined. The results highlight the critical role of shell properties in determining NB resonance frequencies. Furthermore, pressure-dependent shifts in resonance revealed strong nonlinear behavior at higher acoustic driving pressures (up to 280 kPa). Comparison with microbubbles of identical shell types showed that shell stiffness and friction are size-dependent, likely due to shell properties and the shear-thinning behavior of phospholipids. These findings provide new insights into NB dynamics with potential implications for both diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound applications.
Intensification of lupin protein solubilization using high-power ultrasound.
Navarro-Vozmediano P, Benedito J, Domínguez-Valencia R … +2 more , Blay MT, Garcia-Perez JV
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42184669 · Full text
Lupin's nutritional value can be reduced by anti-nutritional factors (ANF), including alkaloids and saponins, as well as by anti-technological factors (ATF), such as fat and polyphenols. This study investigated the use o...
Lupin's nutritional value can be reduced by anti-nutritional factors (ANF), including alkaloids and saponins, as well as by anti-technological factors (ATF), such as fat and polyphenols. This study investigated the use of high-power ultrasound (HPU) during alkaline solubilization of lupin flour with the aim of reducing ANF and ATF while enhancing protein yield and techno-functional properties of lupin protein isolates (LPI). For that purpose, the influence of time (15-30-45 min), temperature (30-45-60°C) and HPU amplitude (0-50-100%) was assessed. The impact of lupin flour (LF) addition to the alkalinized water and temperature on the ultrasonic field was evaluated from frequency spectra analysis. HPU enhanced lupin protein solubilization at elevated temperatures, resulting in higher extraction and protein yields (avg. 6 and 3%, respectively), compared to conventional alkaline solubilization without HPU at 60°C. This effect was consistent with the temperature-dependent cavitation behavior observed in LF dispersions. In addition, HPU also reduced the content of fat (avg. 47%), saponins (avg. 10%) and polyphenols (avg. 17%), and enhanced techno-functional treats, including water absorption (avg. 23%), foaming stability after 2 h (avg. 68%), emulsifying activity index (avg. 18%) and emulsifying stability index (avg. 119%), compared to non-sonicated conditions. High-amplitude HPU application (∼100%), combined with elevated temperatures (∼60°C) and prolonged solubilization times (∼45 min) were identified as the most suitable conditions to enhance protein recovery and techno-functional properties while reducing undesirable components. These results indicate that HPU-assisted solubilization represents a promising and efficient strategy for the sustainable production of high-quality LPI suitable for industrial applications.
Interaction between number of formed bubbles, reaction rate and flow velocity of acoustic streaming in the initiation period of power-induced quenching.
Aoki R, Yamamoto T
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42184668 · Full text
To elucidate the detailed process of power-induced quenching in which the rate of sonochemical reactions decreases sharply as ultrasonic power increases, the interaction between the number of formed bubbles, the sonochem...
To elucidate the detailed process of power-induced quenching in which the rate of sonochemical reactions decreases sharply as ultrasonic power increases, the interaction between the number of formed bubbles, the sonochemical reaction rate, and the flow velocity of acoustic streaming was investigated during the initiation period of ultrasonic irradiation. The investigation is conducted through the observation of formed bubbles, particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement, and sono-chemical luminescence (SCL) observation. The experimental findings suggest that the SCL intensity decreased after irradiation for a certain period at the ultrasonic power at which the power-induced quenching occurred. During the quenching process, the number of formed bubbles initially decreased due to the waveform distortion caused by sound waves emitted during the oscillations of the bubbles. Subsequent to the decline in the number of bubbles, the SCL intensity and the flow velocity of acoustic streaming decreased. As the ultrasonic power increases, the decrease in time of SCL intensity, number of formed bubbles, and the flow velocity of acoustic streaming becomes shorter. These phenomena can be interpreted by rectified diffusion, the mass flux of which is largely varied due to the ultrasonic wave distortion.
Effects of phase transition and thermodynamics on the dynamics of cavitation bubbles collapsing near a solid boundary and the associated 3D flow.
Lantermann U, Moloudi G, Dawoodian M … +2 more , Sagar HJ, El Moctar O
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42184667 · Full text
This paper documents investigated phase transition as well as thermal and water salinity effects on the dynamics of three-dimensional cavitation bubbles collapsing near solid boundaries by employing mathematical models t...
This paper documents investigated phase transition as well as thermal and water salinity effects on the dynamics of three-dimensional cavitation bubbles collapsing near solid boundaries by employing mathematical models that account for phase transition, compressibility, thermodynamic, and three-dimensional effects. We performed systematic three-dimensional simulations of the two-phase flow by solving the coupled conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy as well as a transport equation for the volume fraction using a mass transfer model. We conducted extensive verification and validation studies. Results showed that phase transition affected the bubble dynamics substantially, albeit mainly after the bubble's first collapse. After the initial bubble collapse, the vapor phase heated up to about 460 K. The simulations captured asymmetric jets and toroidal collapse structures, while the experiments on salinity revealed that increased salt concentration weakened bubble rebound and left persistent vapor remnants. The induced pressures, temperatures, and velocities from bubble collapse are presented and discussed.
Impact of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction on the structural and functional properties of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide and its application in almond-based milk.
Hou F, Song S, Mi J … +3 more , Wang Y, Dong H, Wang W
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42184666 · Full text
Ultrasound, when combined with enzymatic hydrolysis, distinctly influences the macromolecular structure of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, yielding a polysaccharide with improved functional properties. To comprehensi...
Ultrasound, when combined with enzymatic hydrolysis, distinctly influences the macromolecular structure of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, yielding a polysaccharide with improved functional properties. To comprehensively evaluate these attributes and validate its practical relevance, three polysaccharide samples were systematically compared: those produced by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEP), ultrasound-alone extraction (UEP), and enzyme-alone extraction (EEP). It was found that UAEP exhibited significantly higher yield (1.5- and 2.5-fold greater than UEP and EEP, respectively) while concurrently reducing the weight-average molecular weight to 955 kDa, notably lower than UEP (1070 kDa) and EEP (1770 kDa). Structural analyses revealed that UAEP possessed a more porous and looser microstructure, although its monosaccharide composition and triple-helix conformation remained similar to other samples. Functionally, UAEP exhibited markedly higher emulsifying stability alongside lower apparent viscosity and superior thermal stability. Rheological characterization confirmed its pseudoplastic shear-thinning behavior with distinct viscoelasticity. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis and correlation analysis, quantitatively established that key structural parameters, particularly molecular weight, protein and uronic acid content, were closely linked to its enhanced emulsifying performance. To validate its practical utility, UAEP was successfully incorporated into almond-based milk, where it achieved significantly enhanced physical stability (25.11%) and textural properties (consistency: 55.81 g·sec, cohesiveness: -9.84 g) comparable to a commercial walnut protein-based milk (physical stability: 12.38%, consistency: 56.22 g·sec, cohesiveness: -10.09 g). These findings demonstrate that ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction not only improves polysaccharide yield but also modulates its macromolecular structure, offering a viable approach to obtain multifunctional hydrocolloids for plant-based food applications.
An integrated green strategy based on deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound for efficient polyphenol profiling and antioxidant evaluation of dendrobium officinale.
Cao DM, Zeng Q, Ao WX … +5 more , Zheng S, Lu YX, Wang XC, Xian MH, Wang SM
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42177866 · Full text
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) have emerged as a promising green strategy for efficient recovery of bioactive compounds. In this study, a DES-based UAE system was develop...
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) have emerged as a promising green strategy for efficient recovery of bioactive compounds. In this study, a DES-based UAE system was developed for the extraction of polyphenols from Dendrobium officinale (DO), with particular emphasis on the synergistic effects and underlying mechanisms. Among 24 screened DESs, choline chloride-fructose (ChCl-Fru, 1:2) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency. Key extraction parameters were optimized using Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design, yielding an optimal total polyphenol content (TPC) of 87.75 mg GAE/g DO. Kinetic modeling revealed that the extraction process followed a second-order model, indicating that both mass transfer and solute-solvent interactions governed the extraction behavior. Compared with silent conditions, ultrasound significantly enhanced extraction efficiency. The TPC obtained by DES-UAE (88.11 mg GAE/g DO) increased by 130% relative to silent DES extraction, which was notably higher than that observed in the 70% methanol system (107%). In addition, DES-UAE extracts exhibited superior antioxidant activities, with DPPH and ABTS scavenging rates of 90.79% and 96.46%, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrated that the DES system provided a more favorable solvation environment for phenolic compounds, characterized by enhanced hydrogen-bonding interactions, reduced molecular aggregation, and stronger binding energies compared with methanol. These findings reveal that the superior performance of DES-UAE originates from the synergistic interplay between ultrasonic cavitation and the unique physicochemical properties of DES. Chemical profiling by UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS identified 31 phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, biphenyls, and other derivatives. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant metabolic differences among DO samples from different geographical origins, and 11 key differential metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers. In addition, the DES-UAE extracts exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to conventional ethanol extracts. Overall, this study provides a mechanistic understanding of DES-UAE systems and offers a green and efficient strategy for the extraction and utilization of polyphenols from DO.
High-speed visualization of ultrasonic emulsification in microgravity: interactions between cavitation dynamics and liquid-liquid interface topology.
Mali J, Boček Ž, Ortar J … +4 more , Poropatič S, Čepin L, Bertoncelj N, Dular M
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42172704 · Full text
Ultrasonic emulsification is a widely used technique for generating fine dispersions of immiscible liquids, yet its underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood, particularly under reduced-gravity conditions. I...
Ultrasonic emulsification is a widely used technique for generating fine dispersions of immiscible liquids, yet its underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood, particularly under reduced-gravity conditions. In the absence of gravity, buoyancy-driven phase separation vanishes, fundamentally altering the organization of liquid-liquid interfaces and their interaction with cavitation structures. This study investigates the dynamics of ultrasonic emulsification in microgravity using high-speed visualization during parabolic flight experiments, with systematic variation of oil-water volume ratios. The results reveal that microgravity leads to capillarity-dominated interface configurations, where the position and stability of the oil-water interface become less predictable compared to normal gravity conditions. As a consequence, sustained interaction between the cavitation zone and the interface is more difficult to achieve. Since such interaction was previously identified as the key mechanism driving droplet breakup, its reduction leads to slower emulsification rates and lower final emulsion homogeneity. Image analysis shows that emulsification under normal gravity proceeds faster and produces more homogeneous dispersions, while microgravity conditions lead to delayed evolution and lower overall homogeneity. The findings demonstrate that ultrasonic emulsification in microgravity is governed by an interplay between interface topology and cavitation dynamics and highlight the importance of controlled interface positioning for enabling efficient multiphase fluid processing in space environments.
Remediation of sandy loam soil contaminated with copper by washing assisted with ultrasound.
Salameh R, Leybros A, Szenknect S … +1 more , Pflieger R
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42160887 · Full text
Amongst heavy metal pollutants bound to soil constituents, copper is one of the most widely used, due to industrial and agricultural applications. This study investigated the combination of leaching with biosourced reage...
Amongst heavy metal pollutants bound to soil constituents, copper is one of the most widely used, due to industrial and agricultural applications. This study investigated the combination of leaching with biosourced reagents with 45 or 358 kHz ultrasonic (US) irradiation. A soil was artificially contaminated with Cu and decontamination was performed on this unseparated soil and on two of its granulometric fractions: fine loam and fine sand. Mechanisms of dissolution/diffusion were modelled using parabolic equation. Silent washing of the unseparated soil with 0.2 M citric acid led to desorption of 61.9 % of the Cu after 1 h, similarly to 0.1 M HCl leaching. Under 358 kHz or 45 kHz US, faster calcite dissolution and diffusion occurred, leading to higher extraction yield (65.5 %). Citric acid enhanced dissolution by complexing Cu, but also Ca and Mg in fractions rich in clay minerals such as loam. Humic acid sodium salt at optimized alkali conditions may also mobilize Cu in alkali conditions. Sonication improved the extraction yield from the unseparated soil from 23.6 % in silent conditions to 30.5 % at 45 kHz and to 37.6 % at 358 kHz. Its effect was particularly pronounced on fine sand, with a yield increase from 18 % to 43 %. Sonication would trigger deagglomeration of bigger particles, and promote the transport of Cu-containing particles by micelles formed by humic species. This study highlighted the potential of high-frequency US in enhancing Cu extraction from a real soil, to a higher extent compared to lower frequency 45 kHz US.
Corrigendum to "Extraction strategies integrated with digitalization processes for the characterization of proteins from broad bean and red beetroot waste leaves" [Ultrason. Sonochem. 128 (2026) 107820].
Slavica A, Dukić J, Cezar TM … +8 more , Košpić K, Diminić J, Jukić F, Jurčević M, Semenčić MČ, Ostojić S, Sabljak I, Jambrak AR
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42156292 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Ultrasound-assisted size tuning of polyacrylic acid coated magnetic nanoparticle clusters for biomedical applications.
Heinen L, Blersch PR, Schnell C … +7 more , Meyer K, Nagy R, Halik M, Janko C, Lyer S, Alexiou C, Tietze R
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42155368 · Full text
The hydrodynamic size of magnetic nanoparticle clusters is a critical determinant of their in vivo behaviour and therapeutic efficacy. While alkaline co-precipitation offers a scalable route for polyacrylic acid (PAA) co...
The hydrodynamic size of magnetic nanoparticle clusters is a critical determinant of their in vivo behaviour and therapeutic efficacy. While alkaline co-precipitation offers a scalable route for polyacrylic acid (PAA) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), it typically yields polydisperse agglomerates. This work establishes a predictive engineering process using controlled, post-synthesis ultrasound treatment to precisely tune SPION cluster size. Utilising a D-optimal Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, we modelled the influences of sonication parameters on the hydrodynamic diameter, identifying specific energy input as the governing factor for de-agglomeration. The resulting verified regression model (adj. R=0.9986) enables predictable laboratory scale-up across varying volumes (1-10 ml) and concentrations (1-10 mg/ml) while maintaining material integrity. Quantitative magnetic characterisation revealed that ultrasound-induced fragmentation increases the mass-specific susceptibility, which is attributed to the magnetic de-locking of frustrated cores as inter-cluster spacing increases. Crucially, biological evaluations in B16-F10 melanoma cells demonstrate that this ultrasound-assisted size tuning directly influences cellular loading. Cellular iron mass post SPION incubation was found to follow a dual-variable dependency: while iron loading increases with cluster diameter for a fixed core size, it is significantly impacted by the primary core dimensions. SPION clusters with 12 nm cores exhibited a two-fold higher iron loading (8.23 pg Fe/cell) compared to those with 8 nm cores at equivalent hydrodynamic sizes, highlighting the importance of the magnetic payload per cluster. These findings establish a robust framework for engineering SPIONs with tailored dimensions to maximise and predict the magnetic responsiveness of loaded cells, providing a reliable foundation for future applications such as cell tracking, magnetic drug targeting, and hyperthermia.
Unveiling the sonozonation synthesis of NiO nanoparticles: The effect of reaction time.
Khumpaitool B, Jantachum P, Utara S
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42150330 · Full text
This work investigated the effects of treatment duration and magnetic stirring, compared with sonozonation, on the defect chemistry and multifunctional properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs). The primary aim w...
This work investigated the effects of treatment duration and magnetic stirring, compared with sonozonation, on the defect chemistry and multifunctional properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs). The primary aim was to determine how synthesis duration (1, 3, and 5 h) and the sonozonation process influence the nanoparticle structural, electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties of NiONPs. The findings indicated a specific fragmentation-growth process exclusive to sonozonation. The particle size initially dropped from 20.37 nm at 1 h to a minimum value of 12.92 nm at 3 h, before increasing to 21.5 nm at 5 h. Hexagonal-like morphology was observed in all samples. Using XRD and EDX, the multiphase presence of NiO, NiOOH, and NiO was confirmed in all samples, revealing a notable bulk oxygen deficiency in the SO-3 h, sample, which exhibited 82.68 atomic% of Ni. The SO-1 h sample exhibited the maximum coercive field (H) of 587.189 Oe and a squareness ratio (SQR) of 0.054. The SO-3 h sample analysis confirms optimum conditions for magnetization, resulting in a peak magnetization (M) of 0.585 emu/g and the narrowest band gap, 2.82 eV. Sonozonation enhanced defect engineering and resulted in a maximum oxygen vacancy (V) concentration of 31.0% for SO-5 h. The Stirr-5 h sample showed increased surface non-stoichiometry with an O / O ratio of 1.688 and a wider optical band gap of 3.17 eV. Sonozonation is presumably effective for bulk stoichiometric modification, while magnetic stirring produces surface vacancies and widens the band gap. The current study shows improved p-type oxides for high-performance magnetic storage media and high-efficiency catalytic surfaces.
Ultrasonic pretreatment enhances the formation and digestion resistance of chestnut starch-cyanidin-3-O-glucoside complexes.
Li C, Zhu W, Luo F
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42150329 · Full text
Despite its nutritional value, chestnut starch is limited by rapid digestion, highlighting the importance of ultrasound modification to enhance its properties. In this study, the mechanism associated with the ultrasonic...
Despite its nutritional value, chestnut starch is limited by rapid digestion, highlighting the importance of ultrasound modification to enhance its properties. In this study, the mechanism associated with the ultrasonic pretreatment of chestnut starch-cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (CS-C3G) complexes was elucidated, and the optimal ultrasound conditions (500 W, 30 min) were determined using single-factor experiments. Ultrasonication significantly altered the starch properties (p < 0.05), increasing the apparent amylose content, solubility, swelling power, and water/oil absorption while reducing the particle size. Compared with CS-C3G, the ultrasonicated complex (UCS-C3G) exhibited a denser morphology, crystalline transition from C-type to amorphous, and reduced short-range molecular order. UCS-C3G exhibited the lowest pasting parameters and gelatinization enthalpy (5.30 J/g), forming fragile gels that demonstrated resistance to aging. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity (-7.3 kcal/mol) between C3G and amylose, but molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the interaction is dynamic and reversible; C3G completely detached from amylose after 80 ns, indicating transient complexation rather than static stability. Nevertheless, compared with CS-C3G, UCS-C3G displayed a significantly higher resistant starch content (p < 0.05) and a lower hydrolysis rate, with enhanced apparent viscosity and gel stability. Notably, ultrasonic pretreatment facilitated C3G penetration by disrupting the physical structure, thereby synergistically modulating multiscale structures and functional properties and providing a strategy for the development of slow-digesting functional food ingredients.
Effect of ultrasonic-assisted HO/ascorbic acid modification on Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharide: structural characterization and in vitro functional activities.
Xiao Yang, Yawen Zheng, Yanbing Zou … +9 more , Qi An, Lingyue Tang, Mohan Zhang, Shuqi Wang, Yuping Wen, Guanhao Li, Hongjie Piao, Hushan Cui, Qing Jin
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42143882 · Full text
To improve the bioavailability of Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides (PGS), an ultrasound-assisted hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid (HO/Vc) modification method was developed. PGS was first extracted using an ultrasou...
To improve the bioavailability of Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides (PGS), an ultrasound-assisted hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid (HO/Vc) modification method was developed. PGS was first extracted using an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method, followed by synergistic HO/Vc treatment under ultrasound for 60, 120, and 180 min to obtain three modified fractions, namely DPGS-60, DPGS-120, and DPGS-180. Structural changes in PGS and its modified fractions were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Congo red assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their in vitro bioactivities were evaluated. The results showed that, compared with native PGS, the molecular weight and particle size of DPGS decreased with increasing ultrasound time, while solubility and galactose content showed an increasing trend. All four fractions exhibited a triple-helix conformation. Partial depolymerization occurred after modification, whereas the monosaccharide composition and major functional groups were not altered. Moreover, the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of the modified fractions were positively correlated with ultrasound treatment time. In addition, PGS and all modified fractions significantly promoted the growth of Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, indicating potential prebiotic activity, with DPGS-180 showing the strongest effect. Overall, ultrasound-assisted HO/Vc modification is an effective strategy to enhance the bioactivity of PGS, and ultrasound treatment time plays a critical role in this process.
Comprehensive quality evaluation of ultrasound-assisted fermented Yuluxiang pear juice: Physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and multi-dimensional flavor analysis.
Duan H, Yu D, Xie C … +7 more , Zhang C, Shen Y, Ma L, Jia L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yu Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42143881 · Full text
Yuluxiang pear juice processing faces critical technical challenges: enzymatic browning, nutrient degradation during thermal processing, and flavor volatilization. Ultrasound (US)-assisted fermentation, an emerging non-t...
Yuluxiang pear juice processing faces critical technical challenges: enzymatic browning, nutrient degradation during thermal processing, and flavor volatilization. Ultrasound (US)-assisted fermentation, an emerging non-thermal technology, enhances fruit juice quality. However, its regulatory mechanisms in fermented pear juice flavor formation remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of 0-500 W US power on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-fermented Yuluxiang pear juice. An integrated electronic nose (E-nose), electronic tongue (E-tongue), and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) system characterized physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and flavor profiles. Results suggested significant power-dependent effects on fermentation quality. The 300 W treatment was associated with optimal comprehensive quality, including the lowest browning index, highest transmittance (52%), maximum polyphenol content (1.44 mg/100 mL), and greatest viable lactic acid bacteria count (1.3 × 10 CFU/mL), while 400 W treatment yielded to peak ABTS radical scavenging activity (75.6%). Enzyme activity assays indicated that 300 W significantly inhibited polyphenol oxidase (70.6%) while enhancing peroxidase (112.0%) and superoxide dismutase (269.2%) compared to the untreated fermentation group (p < 0.05). E-nose revealed significantly elevated responses for W1S (esters) and W2S (alcohols/aldehydes) sensors with increasing US power. E-tongue implied that 400 W reduced bitterness/astringency and enhanced sourness. GC-IMS fingerprinting identified linalool, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and (Z)-4-heptenal as characteristic differential volatiles (VIP > 1). Correlation analysis pointed toward possible mechanistic pathways whereby acoustic cavitation modulates the physicochemical microenvironment, promoting lactic acid bacteria metabolism and polyphenol biotransformation, synergistically enhancing flavor and functional quality. This study provided theoretical insights and technical support for high-value processing of Yuluxiang pear.
Enhanced extraction and functional properties of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins from red sorghum leaf sheaths via ultrasound-assisted extraction with natural deep eutectic solvent.
Zannou O, Tosif MM, Erdoğan A … +2 more , Goksen G, Tahergorabi R
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42127527 · Full text
The leaf sheaths of the red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench) are a plant waste, which has a stable red color due to the bioactive 3-deoxyanthocyanidins such as apigeninidin (APG) and luteolinidin (LUT). In the presen...
The leaf sheaths of the red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench) are a plant waste, which has a stable red color due to the bioactive 3-deoxyanthocyanidins such as apigeninidin (APG) and luteolinidin (LUT). In the present study, a multiple optimization process was conducted on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to maximize the extraction of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins from the leaf sheaths of the red sorghum. The preliminary experiments showed that the contents of APG and LUT were found in ranges of 2.25 ± 0.01-31.59 ± 0.09 mg/g and 1.36 ± 0.01-30.44 ± 0.11 mg/g, with choline chloride: acetic acid (CHAC), providing the highest values compared with choline chloride: glycerol (CHGLY), choline chloride: ethylene glycol (CHEGLY), choline chloride: lactic acid (CHLA), distilled water, methanol and ethanol. The optimization of the prominent NADES (CHAC) component based on the central composite design resulted in an increase in APG and LUT, being 39.15 ± 0.58 mg/g for APG and 37.89 ± 0.86 mg/g for LUT. The optimization of the extraction conditions using the Box-Behnken design promoted the extraction of APG and LUT, being 54.97 ± 0.96 mg/g for APG and 48.62 ± 0.44 mg/g for LUT at the optimum conditions of 29.93 min, 89.86% and 27.95 mL for extraction time, amplitude and NADES content, respectively. The antioxidant activity of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin-rich extract was found to be 1117.07 ± 21.92 µmol TE/g, 837.36 ± 16.60 mmol TE/g and 5151.03 ± 39.44 mmol ISE/g, for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. CHAC extract exhibited the highest in vitro bioaccessibility, antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity and thermal properties compared with the aqueous extract.
Numerical investigation of ultrasound-driven bubble-induced deformation of spherical solid cells.
Park J, Son G
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42127526 · Full text
Ultrasound-driven bubble motion and the associated viscoelastic spherical cell deformation are studied within a coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF)-based compressible three-phase framework, in which solid defo...
Ultrasound-driven bubble motion and the associated viscoelastic spherical cell deformation are studied within a coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF)-based compressible three-phase framework, in which solid deformation is handled through a full Eulerian description. The numerical simulations demonstrate various bubble-cell interaction phenomena, including inverted cone- and mushroom-shaped bubbles, droplet-shaped cells, liquid-jet formation, and bidirectional axial bubble splitting, by systematically varying the elastic shear modulus and initial bubble-cell distance. Effective bubble-cell interaction occurs when the initial bubble-cell distance falls below the maximum expansion radius of a free bubble under identical ultrasonic conditions. The potential cell damage mechanisms induced by ultrasound-driven bubble motion are shown to depend strongly on the shear modulus. The cell deformation is further analyzed as a function of cell size and ultrasonic pulse amplitude, revealing that cell size significantly influences cell deformation through its effect on the effective repulsion and attraction surface areas. The present results highlight that large cell deformation associated with potential cell disruption or sonoporation can be effectively regulated, for cells with a given size and shear modulus, by adjusting the initial bubble-cell distance, while for relatively stiff cells (G≥1MPa) such regulation shifts the critical cell size at which liquid-jet-induced deformation may lead to cell damage. It should be noted that the present analysis is limited to the first oscillation cycle (expansion-collapse-jet impact), as post-collapse dynamics do not achieve full grid convergence. Consequently, multi-cycle bubble dynamics and cumulative cell deformation are not considered in this study.
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