Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Ultrasound-assisted recovery of humic substances from municipal digestate using response surface methodology.
Shiju SG, Chullipalliyalil K, Tiwari BK … +2 more , Quille P, Rajauria G
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42127525 · Full text
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely employed for sewage sludge stabilization, producing substantial volumes of digestate that require further management. This study explores the recovery of high-quality humic substances (...
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely employed for sewage sludge stabilization, producing substantial volumes of digestate that require further management. This study explores the recovery of high-quality humic substances (HS), specifically humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), from anaerobically digested sewage sludge (DSS) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Implementing this step prior to downstream digestate management positions DSS as a low-cost, sustainable feedstock to produce high-value agronomic biostimulants and soil conditioners. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the UAE parameters, namely ultrasound amplitude (20-100%) and extraction time (5-20 min), to maximise HA yield. A second-order polynomial model demonstrated a strong fit to the experimental data (R ≥ 0.90), achieving HA and FA yields of 424.67 ± 0.03mg g and 419.04 ± 0.01 mg g (dry basis), respectively. Under optimized conditions (97% amplitude, 8.4 min, 0.1 M KOH, 1:40 v/w), HA yields increased by 109% compared to conventional extraction (CE: 200 rpm, 16 h), with a concurrent 85.8% reduction in energy consumption (CE: 0.281 kWh vs. UAE: 0.03 - 0.04 kWh). Elemental profiling highlighted the superior quality of UAE-HAs, characterised by significant carbon intensification (44.64% vs 37.9%), nitrogen recovery (6.69% vs 0.74%) and sulphur enrichment (1.95% vs 0.07%) relative to the commercial standard. Spectrometric analysis further corroborated these findings, revealing greater functional group diversity in DSS-derived samples, positioning them as superior candidates for agricultural applications. These findings demonstrate the potential of UAE as an efficient and economical technology for HS recovery, advancing the circularity of digestate-based biorefineries by transforming urban organic waste streams into value-added agronomic resources.
Stage-specific ultrasound during pH-shifting modulated the structural and functional properties of sunflower seed protein.
Zhang M, Li L, An D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42119414 · Full text
Sunflower seed protein (SSP) is an emerging plant-derived protein ingredient with high nutritional quality. However, the relatively low solubility of SSP restricted its broader application in food systems. In this work,...
Sunflower seed protein (SSP) is an emerging plant-derived protein ingredient with high nutritional quality. However, the relatively low solubility of SSP restricted its broader application in food systems. In this work, ultrasound combined with pH-shifting was used to improve the solubility of SSP. Meanwhile, the effects of ultrasound applied at different stages of pH-shifting on the structural and functional properties of SSP were also elucidated. Ultrasound treatment at 150 W and 400 W applied during and after pH-shifting significantly reduced the particle size of SSP and enhanced electrostatic repulsion. SDS-PAGE profiles indicated that the combined treatment decreased the intensity of albumin bands and promoted the appearance of lower molecular weight fragments. Ultrasound at pH 12.0 induced structural unfolding of SSP, exposed more hydrophobic tryptophan residues, and markedly improved emulsifying activity index (13.60 ± 0.15 m/g), emulsifying stability index (566.09 ± 37.36 min) and oil-holding capacity (7.65 ± 0.28 g/g). In contrast, ultrasound applied after pH-shifting significantly increased the molecular flexibility of SSP and strengthened hydrogen bonding interactions, and the solubility of SSP increased by 65.01 % at an ultrasound power of 150 W. Overall, pH-shifting combined with ultrasound markedly enhanced SSP solubility and improved its functionality, expanding its potential use in food systems.
Comparison of ultrasound contrast agent production by sonication and mechanical agitation.
Katrinka-Mavrak J, Bau L, Rivera J … +2 more , Sedgwick AC, Stride E
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42114352 · Full text
Microbubbles (MBs) are surfactant-coated gas vesicles used widely in ultrasound imaging and increasingly for therapy. MBs can be produced by a range of methods, most commonly involving sonication and/or agitation. This s...
Microbubbles (MBs) are surfactant-coated gas vesicles used widely in ultrasound imaging and increasingly for therapy. MBs can be produced by a range of methods, most commonly involving sonication and/or agitation. This study aimed to compare MB production by agitation with a bead mill tissue homogeniser or with a dental amalgamator, and sonication. All methods produced MBs with a similar size distribution (10-90% inter-percentile range ∼0.44-1.6 μm), but both the MBs produced by the agitation methods had higher concentration than those produced by sonication (∼10 vs ∼10 particles/mL), and a more persistent ultrasound response. The lipid order of the phospholipid coating was investigated spectroscopically, and it was found that MBs produced by all three methods had a similar generalised polarisation. The effect of varying agitation frequency and duration on MB size distribution and concentration was investigated, with increases in either parameter raising MB concentration and reducing mean size, each showing distinct limiting behaviour. Lastly, the feasibility of generating larger MB volumes with the tissue homogeniser was investigated, yielding MBs of comparable size and concentration in both 2 mL and 5 mL vials. The results of this study suggest that bead mill homogenisers can generate MBs with comparable size distribution, stability and shell lipid order to those generated using dental amalgamators. At low lipid concentration (0.9 mg/mL), both methods outperform sonication; with the added advantage that there is a lower risk of contamination. The tissue homogeniser offers further advantages compared with dental amalgamators, in terms of MB production volume and reliability.
Delayed chemiluminescence of luminol/ascorbic acid system triggered by ultrasound.
Azegami K, Takahashi F, Tatsumi H … +1 more , Jin J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42114351 · Full text
Sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of luminol is typically characterized by the immediate emission of light driven by acoustic cavitation. Here, we report a novel "memory effect" phenomenon termed Delayed Chemiluminescence Indu...
Sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of luminol is typically characterized by the immediate emission of light driven by acoustic cavitation. Here, we report a novel "memory effect" phenomenon termed Delayed Chemiluminescence Induced by Ultrasound (DCLIU), observed in the luminol/ascorbic acid (HA)/Co/CO system. Contrary to the conventional role of HA as a simple radical scavenger, we demonstrate that trace HA induces a distinct secondary emission peak after ultrasonic irradiation has stopped. Mechanistic investigations reveal that this delay corresponds to an ultrasound-triggered redox cycle in which HA initially suppresses emission by scavenging cavitation-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the resulting ascorbyl radical intermediates (A) subsequently act as pro-oxidants, reducing dissolved oxygen in the presence of Co to regenerate superoxide radical anion (O) and accumulate hydroperoxide anions (HO). Once HA is depleted, the accumulated oxidants produce intense chemiluminescence from the luminol/HO/Co/CO system. This delayed emission is absent in N-saturated solutions, confirming the critical role of dissolved oxygen. From an analytical chemistry perspective, both the delay duration and the integrated emission intensity exhibit a linear response to HA concentration in the nanomolar range (LOD = 1.2 nM). The method demonstrates high selectivity against common interferents and was successfully applied to quantify ascorbic acid in commercial beverages and vitamin supplements.
Ultrasound and enzyme extraction of Pleioblastus amarus shoot polysaccharide: A comparative study on chemical characterization, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities.
Han R, Gu Y, Xu Y … +4 more , Wu S, Li W, Nan S, Zou Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42102473 · Full text
Pleioblastus amarus shoot is a critical dietary staple for the giant panda and a traditional medicinal resource for preventing senility, with polysaccharides being one of its primary active ingredients. In this study, we...
Pleioblastus amarus shoot is a critical dietary staple for the giant panda and a traditional medicinal resource for preventing senility, with polysaccharides being one of its primary active ingredients. In this study, we extracted polysaccharides using five distinct extraction techniques, including hot water (HWA-BSP), ultrasound (UA-BSP), enzyme (EA-BSP), and two sequential combinations of ultrasound-enzyme (UEA-BSP) and enzyme-ultrasound (EUA-BSP), and systematically investigated the effects of different extraction method on yield, structural characteristics, and biological activities of the five polysaccharides. The extraction method with superior anti-oxidant ability was identified and its anti-aging efficacy was subsequently evaluated through in vivo experiments. Our results demonstrated that while all five polysaccharides shared similar monosaccharide compositions and triple-helical structures, the UEA-BSP method achieved the highest yield (4.73%) and the lowest molecular weight. It also showed the greatest scavenging abilities of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical, and superior protection effect on IPEC-J2 cells against HO-induced oxidative injury. Therefore, UEA-BSP was selected to confirm its anti-aging ability in D-galactose induced aging mice. UEA-BSP restored: 1) cognitive function (Morris water maze), 2) hippocampal morphology (H&E staining), and 3) antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px) along with MDA level, confirming its potent anti-aging bioactivity. Overall, this study demonstrates that sequential ultrasound-enzyme extraction significantly enhances polysaccharide yield and antioxidant activity, providing valuable insights and a foundational data reference for further investigations into the anti-aging potential of P. amarus polysaccharides in functional food and nutritional applications.
Support vector Regression-Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted alkaline extraction of Chroogomphus rutilus Polysaccharides: Enhanced yield and preservation of helical conformations.
Zhang X, Zeng Y, Zhang J … +4 more , Duan W, Ao X, Wang H, Chen S
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42096897 · Full text
Polysaccharides from Chroogomphus rutilus (CRPs) exhibit promising bioactivities; however, conventional alkaline extraction (CAE) often results in low yields and structural disruption. In this study, a support vector reg...
Polysaccharides from Chroogomphus rutilus (CRPs) exhibit promising bioactivities; however, conventional alkaline extraction (CAE) often results in low yields and structural disruption. In this study, a support vector regression (SVR)-optimized ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) process was developed to maximize yield while preserving conformational integrity. Compared with the quadratic response surface methodology model, SVR showed superior predictive accuracy and robustness, with the testing R increasing from 0.8751 to 0.9027 and RMSE reduced by 11.7%. SVR also exhibited narrower residual dispersion and improved stability in the high-yield region (>17%), confirming its suitability for nonlinear, multivariable bioprocess optimization. Under the optimized conditions-ultrasonic temperature 56.5 °C, ultrasonic time 35 min, soaking time 138 min, liquid-solid ratio 26 mL/g, NaOH concentration 0.55 mol/L, and ultrasonic power 325 W-the extraction yield reached 20.09 ± 0.10%, representing a 53.7% increase compared with CAE. High-performance gel permeation chromatography revealed two dominant molecular weight (Mw) fractions for UAAE-derived CRP at 7.54 × 10 and 1.32 × 10 Da, whereas CAE-derived products exhibited a trimodal distribution dominated by low-Mw species at 1.43 × 10 Da. Spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermal analyses demonstrated that UAAE more effectively preserved ordered helical conformations, and improved structural stability compared with CAE. CRPs obtained under optimized conditions also showed enhanced antioxidant activity, including ABTS• and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities. The integrating acoustic cavitation with alkaline treatment and SVR-based modeling provides an efficient, data-driven strategy for sustainable production of high-quality fungal polysaccharides with preserved bioactive conformations.
Ultrasound-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent extraction and purification of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from Cornus officinalis: Optimization and mechanistic insights.
Yang T, Tan C, Wang R … +6 more , Shi Y, Liu J, Liang Y, Ren C, Wang Y, Yao Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42090989 · Full text
This study aims to address the issues of low extraction efficiency and environmental impact of conventional methods for extracting ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) from Cornus officinalis fruit. An effective app...
This study aims to address the issues of low extraction efficiency and environmental impact of conventional methods for extracting ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) from Cornus officinalis fruit. An effective approach for the extraction and purification of UA and OA from Cornus officinalis using a hydrophobic DES (DL-menthol: isopropanol) with good biocompatibility was proposed. Using single-factor and response surface optimization under conditions of a solid: liquid ratio of 1:21 g/mL, ultrasonic treatment of 40 min, power of 300 W, and temperature of 29 °C, the total extraction yield of UA and OA was 9.38 ± 0.17 mg/g, 2.43 times higher than that achieved with 70% ethanol. Subsequent purification with AB-8 macroporous resin showed that the adsorption behavior followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the ultrasonic cavitation disrupted the cell walls of Cornus officinalis, promoting the penetration of DES. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that DES interacts with UA/OA via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, accompanied by a favorable binding energy, elucidating the extraction mechanism. This study provides experimental evidence and technical guidance for the green extraction and purification of the hydrophobic triterpenic acids UA and OA.
Sonophysical mechanisms of bubble fragmentation near an ultrasonically vibrating boundary: influence of frequency and amplitude on interfacial intensification.
Zhao Z, Lu W, Zhang Q … +2 more , Zhuo H, Su Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42085772 · Full text
Ultrasonic cavitation has been increasingly employed to intensify wet dust removal by enhancing gas-liquid interfacial renewal and local mixing. However, the coupled effects of ultrasonic frequency and vibration amplitud...
Ultrasonic cavitation has been increasingly employed to intensify wet dust removal by enhancing gas-liquid interfacial renewal and local mixing. However, the coupled effects of ultrasonic frequency and vibration amplitude on bubble collapse dynamics, fragmentation behavior, and cavitation sustainability remain insufficiently quantified. In this study, a numerical investigation is conducted to elucidate the collapse and breakup characteristics of a millimeter-scale single bubble near an ultrasonically vibrating wall, representing a typical cavitation-assisted scrubbing environment. A two-phase Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used to resolve transient interface deformation, asymmetric collapse, and microjet formation under ultrasonic excitation. The effects of ultrasonic frequency (20-40 kHz) and vibration amplitude (5-30 μm) on bubble morphology, air volume fraction evolution, flow-field velocity, and fragmentation degree are systematically examined. The results show that collapse is dominated by directional contraction toward the vibrating boundary and the formation of high-speed penetrating microjets, which govern bubble breakup and interfacial generation. Increasing frequency and amplitude intensifies fragmentation and jet impact strength; however, excessive excitation promotes rapid depletion of residual bubble structures and suppresses sustained cavitation activity. Within the investigated range, the combination of 25 kHz and 20 μm provides a favorable balance between collapse intensity and cavitation persistence, enabling sustained fragmentation and enhanced interfacial complexity. Our study offers mechanistic insights and parameter-selection guidance for ultrasonic cavitation-assisted intensification of wet dust scrubbing and related gas-liquid-solid processes.
A comprehensive insight into optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) plant extract using response surface methodology.
Samee-Ullah, Shaukat F, Khalil AA … +7 more , Akhtar MN, Bilal M, Guo Y, Huang J, Aadil RM, Abdi G, Sun X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42068787 · Full text
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is an edible medicinal herb having an extended history for its traditional usage owing to the health promoting benefits associated with this plant. Nevertheless, traditional extraction me...
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is an edible medicinal herb having an extended history for its traditional usage owing to the health promoting benefits associated with this plant. Nevertheless, traditional extraction methods limit the recovery of bioactive compounds from different parts of dandelion and insufficient research is available on process optimization. Hence, current research developed an effective ultrasound-assisted extraction method for maximum recovery of total phenolics contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assays), and bioactive compounds (HPLC) from dandelion plant using response surface methodology in combination with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal extraction conditions determined by RSM were as follows: sonication time, 30 min; ultrasound amplitude, 70%, and ultrasound temperature, 40 °C. At these conditions, the recovery of total phenolics and total flavonoids reached 40.77 mg GAE/g and 22.68 mg RE/g, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activities determined based on DPPH-scavenging, ABTS-scavenging and FRAP were reported as 88.55%, 445.39 µM TE/mg, and 30.64 mg TE/g, respectively. Additionally, a total of 11 major bioactive compounds were quantified using HPLC, including 6 phenolic acids and 5 flavonoids. Under optimized conditions major bioactive compounds identified and quantified were chlorogenic acid, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin-7-O-glycoside, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cichoric acid, isoetin, and caftaric acid. Conclusively, results of present study give a comprehensive insight into optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction method for recovery of maximum antioxidants and bioactive compounds from dandelion using a combination of BBD and RSM. Furthermore, this study may provide a reference in utilizing optimized extraction process for dandelion bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Cavitation behaviors of genetically engineered bacterial protein nanoparticles induced by pulsed ultrasound.
Gao F, Yang H, Luo X … +4 more , Gong T, Zou J, Qin D, Zhou Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42068786 · Full text
Genetically engineered bacterial protein nanoparticles (GVs-E.coli) enhance the therapeutic efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) by virtue of their intrinsic tumor tropism, favorable biosafety profile, an...
Genetically engineered bacterial protein nanoparticles (GVs-E.coli) enhance the therapeutic efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) by virtue of their intrinsic tumor tropism, favorable biosafety profile, and inherent cavitation activity. However, the cavitation behavior of GVs-E.coli has not been systematically characterized, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated presenting a critical knowledge gap that limits their optimal theranostic application. Herein, we investigated the cavitation behaviors of GVs-E.coli within a wall-free flow channel embedded in tissue-mimicking agarose phantoms using a customized ultrasound platform. Passive cavitation detection (PCD) was performed under varying peak negative pressures (PNPs) and bacterial concentrations, with acoustic emissions analyzed in both time and frequency domains. Our results revealed that the stable cavitation (SC) threshold of GVs-E.coli was 1.6 MPa and the inertial cavitation (IC) threshold was 2.2 MPa. Cavitation dose was positively correlated with PNP, yet harmonics and sub-harmonics exhibited distinct growth patterns.A critical concentration threshold of OD (optical density at 600 nm) = 1.0 was identified for robust cavitation activity. These findings lay the groundwork for optimizing GVs-E.coli-mediated ultrasound therapies and accelerate their clinical translation as next-generation sonosensitizers.
A synergistic demulsification method based on electric-field polarization and ultrasonic cavitation/mechanical effects: Theory and experiment.
Luo X, Li W, Li X … +3 more , Chen J, Yang D, Zhang H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42066600 · Full text
Chemical flooding agents significantly alter droplet interfacial properties and bulk rheology, reducing droplet size and strengthening interfacial films, thereby stabilizing oil-water emulsions and reducing the effective...
Chemical flooding agents significantly alter droplet interfacial properties and bulk rheology, reducing droplet size and strengthening interfacial films, thereby stabilizing oil-water emulsions and reducing the effectiveness of conventional electrical demulsification. To overcome this bottleneck, this work proposes an electro-ultrasonic synergistic demulsification method using a model water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion as the research subject, and systematically analyzes two electro-ultrasonic synergistic demulsification routes based on experimental investigation and theoretical analysis, namely the synergy between ultrasonic cavitation and electric-field polarization, and the synergy between ultrasonic mechanical effects and electric-field polarization. On this basis, we quantitatively evaluated its performance advantages and proposed practical control strategies. The results suggest that the synergy between the electric polarization effect and the ultrasonic cavitation effect is beneficial for interfacial-film weakening, raising the demulsification efficiency of complex interfacial emulsions by over 13%. The synergy between electric polarization and ultrasonic mechanical effects drives rapid droplet aggregation, achieves efficient coalescence in low-viscosity systems, and increases demulsification efficiency by over 20%. This study not only systematically analyzes two electro-ultrasonic synergistic demulsification routes, but also provides new theoretical support and engineering application ideas for the development of electric-acoustic synergistic demulsification technology.
Impact of pre-rigor ultrasonication on beef quality: A mechanistic perspective involving glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism at the early postmortem.
Ma C, Zhang B, Li J … +3 more , Xing L, Chen X, Zhang W
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42066599 · Full text
This study investigated the impacts of pre-rigor ultrasonication (0, US300, and US600 W for 30 min with the frequency of 20 kHz) on pH variation and quality attributes of beef muscle, along with the underlying mechanisms...
This study investigated the impacts of pre-rigor ultrasonication (0, US300, and US600 W for 30 min with the frequency of 20 kHz) on pH variation and quality attributes of beef muscle, along with the underlying mechanisms related to glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism at the early postmortem. Results demonstrated that both pre-rigor US treatments, particularly US600, accelerated early postmortem pH decline as well as improved meat color redness, water-holding capacity, and tenderness during subsequent aging. Mechanistically, US600 potentiated pH decline through dual pathways involving direct upregulation of sarcoplasmic calcium and glycolytic enzyme activities, coupled with the disruption of mitochondrial structure and function. However, US300 accelerated glycolytic flux and pH decline only through regulating mitochondrial metabolism without directly affecting glycolytic enzyme activities. Moreover, the reasons for the improved beef quality were integrated from both pH-dependent and independent pathways. This work elucidated how postmortem energy metabolism and the resulting beef quality responded to the variations in pre-rigor US, informing the rational design of potential US technology for consistent high-quality beef production.
A generalized dimensionless rule linking ultrasound cavitation and separation processes across multiple scales developed by experimental and simulation investigations.
Zhao X, Wu Y, Manickam S … +5 more , Yasui K, Ashokkumar M, Li D, Han Y, Tao Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42066598 · Full text
The scale-up physics of ultrasound-enhanced separation is highly non-linear and remains insufficiently studied, limiting its industrial applications. To address this, the underlying mechanisms of ultrasound-enhanced extr...
The scale-up physics of ultrasound-enhanced separation is highly non-linear and remains insufficiently studied, limiting its industrial applications. To address this, the underlying mechanisms of ultrasound-enhanced extraction and adsorption were investigated using a 20 kHz probe with a diameter of 4 cm, and analyzed through interdisciplinary approaches, yielding novel insights. First, extraction and adsorption have distinct mass transfer resistances. For micron-level materials, the primary mass transfer resistance during extraction is concentrated at the solid-liquid interface, whereas the main resistance during adsorption is located inside the adsorbent. The disruption induced by ultrasound cavitation, instead of the direct effect of ultrasound cavitation, dynamically alters separation mass transfer mechanisms. Additionally, the solvent type used in separation influences the observable bubble density within the ultrasound cavitation cloud. The increased bubble number may not correspond to cavitation bubbles, as non-cavitation bubbles do not contribute to cavitation energy. Finally, a dimensionless rule has been formulated and validated to link separation with ultrasound cavitation across different scales. This rule introduces a polynomial relationship to quantify changes in separation yield (ΔC×Vm) using two dimensionless terms (lgACP×t×Lm and (rL). ACP×t×Lm represents ultrasonic separation factor incorporating the energy of single cavitation energy, cavitation bubble density and separation scale. rL characterizes the disruptive effects of ultrasound. As the first dimensionless rule to bridge ultrasound cavitation dynamics with mass transfer in separation processes, this work lays the foundation for scaling up these processes with greater precision and industrial applicability.
Green and ultrafast nucleic acid extraction via sphere-mediated confinement ultrasonic grinding for sensitive foodborne pathogen detection.
Jia K, Yang F, Yuan J … +4 more , Yan L, Wang L, Li Y, Lin J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42061056 · Full text
Nucleic acid extraction is crucial for molecular diagnostics of pathogen bacteria, however traditional extraction methods are faced with complex operation, long time and high cost. In this work, a green confinement ultra...
Nucleic acid extraction is crucial for molecular diagnostics of pathogen bacteria, however traditional extraction methods are faced with complex operation, long time and high cost. In this work, a green confinement ultrasonic grinding approach was first time reported for extracting nucleic acids from bacterial cells. Strong acoustic pressure fields were formed in numerous confined spaces using selected acrylonitrile butadiene styrene spheres under common ultrasonic cleaner due to effective transmission of ultrasound energy through these spheres and synergistic effect of multiple spheres and used to crush intact bacterial cells for release of their nucleic acids, which were directly amplified and quantified using quantitative PCR for determination of target bacteria. The common pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7, were tested with a lysis efficiency of over 90%, and a low detection limit of 7 CFU/mL was obtained in different food samples, such as meats, milk and juices. This new nucleic acid extraction approach was featured with short time, high efficiency, low cost, no chemical and wide range, and might be applicable for various molecular diagnostic techniques in rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria.
Tuning endothelial barrier permeability with ultrasound: a pulse-length-dependent interplay between bubble dynamics and cellular bioeffects.
Qiao C, Luo S, Liu Z … +6 more , Bu Y, Cai Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Ohl CD, Li F
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42054787 · Full text
Ultrasound mediated microbubble cavitation holds great potential for non-invasive and targeted drug delivery. However, the interplay between acoustic parameters, bubble dynamics, and resulting cellular responses remains...
Ultrasound mediated microbubble cavitation holds great potential for non-invasive and targeted drug delivery. However, the interplay between acoustic parameters, bubble dynamics, and resulting cellular responses remains unclear, hindering the safety improvement and optimization of the technique. This study examined the effects of ultrasound pulse sequences on microbubble dynamics and bioeffects in endothelial monolayer using an acoustically coupled vessel-mimicking microchannels, where focused ultrasound exposure and concurrent recording of Ca signalling and membrane perforation were performed at flow conditions. A reduction of the total treatment time from 60 to 10 s avoided cell detachment. Microbubbles demonstrated brief oscillation and displacement under each of the 10 consecutive bursts of 40 µs short pulses with 1 ms interval while more intense bubble clustering, coalescence and displacement were observed under one continuous long pulse that lasted for around 9 ms. 10 s long pulse generated higher percentage and larger extent of cell membrane poration whereas short pulse induced wider spreading and larger Ca signalling across the cell population. Reactive oxygen species, extracellular Ca influx through mechanosensitive channels and internal Ca release were found critical in mediating Ca responses in short pulse condition. Further transwell experiments revealed that both pulse modes enhanced transport of 10 kDa FITC-dextran while a longer treatment of 60 s improved delivery efficiency for larger FITC-dextran of 40 kDa. These findings highlight the importance of pulse modes and total treatment time in tailoring Ca signalling mediated paracellular transport and sonoporation mediated transcellular transport, offering insights for optimizing ultrasound parameters for therapeutic drug delivery.
Nonlinear modal evolution of microbubbles confined by rigid capillary constraint.
Li X, Mo R, Wu Y … +8 more , Liu Y, Ma J, Zuo X, Lei Z, Wu Y, Liang Z, Han L, Wang C
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42048800 · Full text
The nonlinear modal evolution of confined bubbles was investigated by applying modulated acoustic pressure in capillaries. Within a modulation envelope of the pressure, the bubble undergoes a morphological evolution cycl...
The nonlinear modal evolution of confined bubbles was investigated by applying modulated acoustic pressure in capillaries. Within a modulation envelope of the pressure, the bubble undergoes a morphological evolution cycle, including spherical oscillation, unstable deformation, surface mode and recovery to breathing mode. This cyclic process depends on bubble size, acoustic pressure and frequency, as well as capillary shape, while also relating to the translational state of the bubble. However, acoustic condition and constrains should be the dominant factors. The time-resolved radius reveals the presence of subharmonic responses, and fundamental oscillations may be suppressed. The oscillations of a pair of bubbles are always out of phase. Bubbles with sub-resonant size have more complicated modal oscillation, accompanying a fast translational motion. Strong capillary confinement may suppress translational motion. At higher drive frequencies, bubbles may be more likely to evolving into chaotic states, and modal superposition becomes pronounced during unstable deformation. The energy distribution spectrum of the three motion components of bubbles indicates that energy conversion and transfer are occurring simultaneously. When the stable surface mode appears, the other two components may be suppressed. A method for estimating unstable deformation thresholds and modal thresholds is proposed, revealing only a slight difference between the two. Consequently, stable surface modes can only exist within a narrow range of acoustic pressure, offering new insights into elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms of bubble shape patterns.
Study on the thermal performance of rhubarb and intermittent multi-frequency ultrasound-enhanced vacuum far-infrared energy saving drying process.
Wang T, Ying X, Huang X … +6 more , Ma G, Wan F, Yang X, Zang Z, Xu Y, Wu B
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42035735 · Full text
Ultrasonic technology, as an emerging technique, holds broad application prospects in the field of drying. This study proposes an intermittent multi-frequency ultrasonic-enhanced vacuum far-infrared (UEV-FIR) drying meth...
Ultrasonic technology, as an emerging technique, holds broad application prospects in the field of drying. This study proposes an intermittent multi-frequency ultrasonic-enhanced vacuum far-infrared (UEV-FIR) drying method with the optimisation objectives of enhancing drying efficiency, improving product quality, and reducing energy consumption. Performed at 55 °C using 25 kHz + 28 kHz + 40 kHz multi-frequency ultrasonication (120 W) with WSH-60A equipment. It aims to evaluate the impact of multi-frequency ultrasound at varying intermittent ratios and pause durations on the energy efficiency and quality of vacuum far-infrared drying. Results indicate that the average drying rate achieved through tri-frequency UEV-FIR drying reaches 0.561 g/(g·min). The drying rate of intermittent multi-frequency UEV-FIR drying exhibits a positive correlation with intermittent duration and a negative correlation with the intermittent ratio. A combination scheme featuring a 20 min intermittent cycle paired with a 1:1 intermittent ratio can significantly enhance energy efficiency during the drying process, achieving an optimal energy efficiency equilibrium point. Moreover, compared with continuous multi-frequency processing, the retention rates of dianthracene and free anthraquinone components in samples under intermittent multi-frequency ultrasound increased by 35.98% and 25.65% respectively. Ultrasonic intermittent processing can reduce thermal damage caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, thereby preserving more functional components. The application of intermittent ultrasound technology, leveraging the thermal properties and phase transition behaviour of rhubarb, offers significant advantages in reducing energy consumption, enhancing drying efficiency, and improving product quality.
Controlling power loss of ozonation via ultrasonic cavitation in strongly alkaline and high-salt solutions: Mass transfer and numerical simulation.
Ran J, Liu Y, Zhao J … +7 more , Yin S, Li S, Zhang L, Gao L, Li T, Duan H, Chen Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42035734 · Full text
By combining experimental analysis and numerical simulation, the enhancement of ozone mass transfer and the dynamics of cavitation bubbles via ultrasonic cavitation technology in highly alkaline and high-salinity Bayer l...
By combining experimental analysis and numerical simulation, the enhancement of ozone mass transfer and the dynamics of cavitation bubbles via ultrasonic cavitation technology in highly alkaline and high-salinity Bayer liquor are systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that ultrasonic irradiation significantly improves parameters such as ozone utilization efficiency and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, while simultaneously achieving a substantial reduction in ozone consumption. Optimal ozone mass transfer performance is achieved under the conditions of an ultrasonic power of 80 W, an oxygen flow rate of 60 L/h, and a reaction temperature of 55 °C. Consequently, ultrasonic cavitation effectively reduces ozone consumption for organic degradation by 33.62%, corresponding to an operating cost reduction of 2360.48 CNY per ton of TOC degraded. Furthermore, cavitation bubble dynamics are simulated. The results show that the cavitation intensity reaches its maximum under the following conditions: a polytropic exponent of 1.57, an ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz, an ultrasonic amplitude of 125 kPa, a reaction temperature of 55 °C, an ambient pressure of 101 kPa, and an initial bubble radius of 6 μm. Most importantly, a fundamental correlation between the calculated sound intensity per unit area and the applied ultrasonic power is established. This correlation holds significant reference value for the standardization and optimization of ultrasonic parameters in ozone‑based advanced oxidation processes using similar reactor systems.
Dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre polysaccharides: Process optimization, structural characterization, and anti-nephrolithiatic effects.
Liu L, Peng L, Li Q … +4 more , Ma Y, Liu J, Wang K, Zhao M
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42035733 · Full text
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a versatile plant widely recognized for its medicinal, industrial, and ecological benefits. To facilitate its comprehensive utilization, this study employed dual-frequency ultrasound-assis...
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a versatile plant widely recognized for its medicinal, industrial, and ecological benefits. To facilitate its comprehensive utilization, this study employed dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction process for polysaccharides from P. pinnata (PPP). Under the optimal conditions (ultrasonic power of 550 W, extraction time of 17 min, and liquid/solid ratio of 40 mL/g), the maximum yield of PPP was 9.17 ± 0.24 mg/g. PPP was further purified using ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography to obtain an active polysaccharide PPPa. The structural characteristics and anti-nephrolithiatic activity of PPPa were then thoroughly evaluated. PPPa (M: 17.4 kDa) is an arabinoglucan with backbone consisting of → 4)-α-Glcp-(1 → residues, bearing two arabinan branches and one T-α-Glcp-(1 → monosaccharide chain. Notably, bioactivity assays showed that PPPa suppressed renal complement activation and coagulation cascades, reshaped the intestinal microbiota and its critical metabolites, and thereby markedly attenuated calcium oxalate stone formation in mice with glyoxylate-induced nephrolithiasis. Therefore, PPPa emerges as a novel polysaccharide exhibiting potent anti-nephrolithiatic activity, with substantial potential for use in functional foods and pharmaceutical formulations. This study establishes DUAE as a green, efficient, and scalable method for preparing bioactive natural products, and provides both a methodological framework and a scientific support for the subsequent development and exploitation of P. pinnata-derived polysaccharides.
Combined ultrasound-hydrothermal pretreatment enhances moisture diffusivity, energy efficiency, and quality retention during hot air drying of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.).
Pambudi S, Khamon D, Ngo TV … +2 more , Saechua W, Jongyingcharoen JS
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42034024 · Full text
Drying of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) is limited by slow internal moisture diffusion and severe degradation of heat-sensitive pigments and bioactive compounds during prolonged thermal exposure. This study investigates...
Drying of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) is limited by slow internal moisture diffusion and severe degradation of heat-sensitive pigments and bioactive compounds during prolonged thermal exposure. This study investigates the combined effects of ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments on moisture transport, energy efficiency, and quality retention during hot air drying at 60 °C. Ultrasonication (30 and 60 min), hot-water blanching, steam blanching, and their combinations were systematically evaluated through drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity (D), microstructural analysis, POD enzyme activity, specific energy consumption (SEC), and comprehensive quality assessment. Drying occurred entirely in the falling-rate regime, confirming diffusion-controlled moisture transport. The combined ultrasound-blanching treatment (US30B) exhibited the greatest changes in drying performance, enlarging stomatal openings and enhancing moisture transport during drying, which increased D nearly threefold (from 1.70 × 10 to 5.02 × 10 m/s) and reduced drying time from 100 to 30 min. This transport intensification decreased total SEC by 11% while simultaneously minimizing shrinkage and enhancing rehydration capacity. Importantly, accelerated moisture removal may have reduced thermal and oxidative degradation, resulting in superior retention of chlorophyll, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (p ≤ 0.05), alongside improved green color stability. These findings suggest that pretreatment strategies that enhance internal moisture transport may improve both energy efficiency and functional quality in heat-sensitive leafy herbs. The combined ultrasound-hydrothermal pretreatment shows potential as a practical approach for improving drying performance and quality retention in herbal dehydration.
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