Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Evaluating the effects of ultrasonic and high-pressure homogenization on the flavor profile of Wuliang Mountain black-boned chicken soup.
Jiang S, Chen H, Zhang S … +2 more , Xu Z, Li S
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41795409 · Full text
This study evaluated conventional stewing (C), ultrasonic (U), and high-pressure homogenization (H) processing of Wuliang Mountain black-boned chicken soup. The U group achieved superior sensory scores and higher levels...
This study evaluated conventional stewing (C), ultrasonic (U), and high-pressure homogenization (H) processing of Wuliang Mountain black-boned chicken soup. The U group achieved superior sensory scores and higher levels of key flavor compounds like aldehydes, esters, and ketones, also showing the highest odor activity value. Ultrasonic treatment significantly increased umami and sweet amino acids. The H group exhibited elevated free fatty acids, acids, and phenols. Among 107 volatile compounds identified, 57 had high discriminatory power (VIP > 1), with five markers unique to the U and H groups. Correlations showed amino acids and fatty acids significantly influence flavor. Ultrasonic treatment best enhanced overall sensory quality and flavor, while high-pressure homogenization effectively increased free fatty acids, supporting better utilization of this chicken breed.
Editorial on the special issue "How do intrabubble conditions influence sonochemical reactivity?".
Sharipov G, Nikitenko SI, Pflieger R
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 41794607 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Effects and mechanisms of ultrasonic-assisted emulsification on the properties of rennet casein emulsions under low salt conditions.
Luo J, Wang M, Li P … +8 more , Liu Y, Wang C, Liang C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, He J, Xu Y, Zhou L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41793799 · Full text
The physical instability of rennet casein emulsions in natural systems limits their applications in low-salt products. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of ultrasonic-assisted emulsificati...
The physical instability of rennet casein emulsions in natural systems limits their applications in low-salt products. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of ultrasonic-assisted emulsification on the properties of rennet casein emulsion under simulated milk ultrafiltrate conditions. Results showed that ultrasonic treatment at 500 W for 7 min can significantly improve the stability of a rennet casein-corn oil emulsion. Compared with rennet casein emulsions prepared by high-speed homogenization, the emulsions prepared by ultrasonics had a higher emulsifying activity index (0.17-1.00 m/g) and better storage stability. The apparent viscosity of rennet casein emulsions was also increased after ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonic treatment significantly reduced the droplet size (D decreased from 8.10 to 1.66 μm) and protein aggregates in the rennet casein emulsions. The concentration of rennet casein at the water-oil interface and the absolute zeta potential of emulsions were increased after ultrasonic treatment. The oil contact angle and surface hydrophobicity of rennet casein after ultrasonic treatment were also higher than those of the high-speed shear homogenization-treated samples. In summary, ultrasonic-assisted emulsification treatment can significantly improve the stability of rennet casein emulsions under natural conditions.
Structural properties of antioxidant peptides released from sweet apricot kernel protein with regulation by ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis.
Huang C, Zeng W, Wang J … +4 more , Feng X, Wan Y, Li D, Ye Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41793798 · Full text
The protein-rich residues of sweet apricot kernel (SAK) after oil extraction can make bioactive peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis. Ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis (UAE) will improve conventional enzymolysis, but it is unk...
The protein-rich residues of sweet apricot kernel (SAK) after oil extraction can make bioactive peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis. Ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis (UAE) will improve conventional enzymolysis, but it is unknown how to regulate the release of bioactive peptides from SAK protein (SAKP). Here, the effects of UAE on the structural properties and antioxidant activity of SAKP hydrolysates (SAKPHs) by Alcalase, Neutrase, Papain and Flavourzyme were investigated. Compared with traditional enzymolysis, the optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis conditions (20% ultrasound power at 50 °C for 0.5 h) showed an improved hydrolysis of SAKP, an increased intensity of CO and C-O-Fe peaks, and a decreased molecular weight distribution of peptides, resulting in the improvement of the antioxidant activity of the peptides. The results of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS identified 132 peptides in the SAKPHs. These peptides hydrolyzed by Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase and Papain in traditional enzymatic processes showed serine, aspartic acid, lysine and arginine-type characteristics at the sequence terminus or the cleavage site. However, the identified peptides released by the four proteases during ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis showed serine; arginine, aspartic acid and leucine; lysine; arginine and aspartic acid as sequence terminus or cleavage sites. Molecular docking simulation indicates that the differential active pockets of Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase and Papain in traditional enzymolysis are Asp30-Gly102-Pro108-Ser109-Ser116-Tyr119-Gly131-Thr139-Asn144-Arg150-Lys151-Asn152-Asp153-Glu163-Asn166-Lys281-Ser324-Ser326-Pro425-Thr427, Gln91-Lys99-Ser248-Lys255-Val285-Glu287-Ala299-Cys301-Tyr325-Asn337-Gln359-Arg362, Ser49-Tyr107-Ser119-Val140-Asn152-Tyr194-Lys220-Arg221-Asn228 and Gly23-Arg111-Gln128-Asn155-Tyr208-Pro209 residues, respectively. Similarly, the correspondingly differential active pockets for ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis are Gly164-Ala172-Tyr195-Phe240-Asn383-Arg396, BMA3-Man4-Asp27-Tyr29-Glu43-Lys54-Glu61-Lys118-Ser153-Asp183-Ser186-Asp286-Asp298-Thr302-Thr305-Asp307-Ser339-Asp346, Glu167-Ser223 and Asp6-Gly20-Gys22-Arg58-Gln92-Gln114-Ala126-Lys156 residues, respectively. As a result, this investigation proves that ultrasound selectively increases cleavage sites of enzymolysis and the targeted release of antioxidant peptides from dietary proteins.
How can ultrasonic scouring of sheep's wool chemically modify its surface?
Porubská M, Koóšová K, Braniša J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41775107 · Full text
Ultrasonic wool scouring has the potential to replace the traditional method using detergents and other additives. This study aims to investigate the effect of important parameters of an ultrasonic bath operating at 38 k...
Ultrasonic wool scouring has the potential to replace the traditional method using detergents and other additives. This study aims to investigate the effect of important parameters of an ultrasonic bath operating at 38 kHz frequency on the possible chemical modification of wool scoured in tap water without any additives on a laboratory scale. The parameters tested were bath temperature (20-40-60) °C, scouring time (10-20-30) min and ultrasound intensity (30-60-90) % power of 350 VA. The measured characteristics were the content of basic groups (obtained in the range of 7.9-8.5 mmol/g) and acidic groups (obtained in the range of 9.9-8.9 mmol/g) formed on the wool as well as the ability to remove zinc salt from the solution by adsorption (97-86 %). ANOVA analysis of basic and acidic group dispersion showed the dominant effect of temperature in contrast to scouring time and intensity (F = 88.495; p < 0.001 for basic group and F = 73.101; p < 0.001 for acidic groups). The Zn(II) removal was statistically significantly affected by temperature (F = 17.652; p < 0.001) and scouring time (F = 4.913; p = 0.011), while the effect of ultrasound intensity was at the threshold limit of significance. The smallest chemical changes in the fiber occur at the bath temperature of 20 °C, scouring time of 10 min and intensity of 90 %.
Ultrasound strengthened air impingement drying for improving drying efficiency and physicochemical quality of Chaenomeles sinensis slices.
Wang SY, Zhang JS, Xiao HW … +3 more , Wu M, Zheng ZA, Liu ZL
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41764849 · Full text
Effects of ultrasound-assisted pretreatment combined with air impingement drying on drying kinetics, microstructure, crystallinity, color, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of Chaenomeles sinensis sl...
Effects of ultrasound-assisted pretreatment combined with air impingement drying on drying kinetics, microstructure, crystallinity, color, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of Chaenomeles sinensis slices were investigated in the current study. Experimental results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly enhanced heat and mass transfer, reducing total drying time by 12.50% to 43.75% compared to untreated samples. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that ultrasound disrupted cell walls, loosened tissue structure, and increased porosity, creating microchannels favorable for moisture diffusion. X-ray diffraction and color analysis indicated that moderate ultrasonic treatments improved crystallinity and reduced color degradation. Furthermore, increasing the ultrasonic time and power could greatly increase the TPC and FRAP values in fresh samples. The highest TPC, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values in dried products were achieved with ultrasonic pretreatment at 160 W for 40 min, i.e., 8.71 mg/g, 6.14, and 23.18 mmol Trolox/g, respectively. These findings suggest that appropriate ultrasonic pretreatment facilitates the release and retention of bioactive compounds by altering the microstructure and crystallinity, as well as shortening drying duration. In summary, ultrasound-assisted air impingement drying is an effective approach to processing C. sinensis slices with the improvement of drying efficiency and physicochemical properties of products.
COSMO-RS guided screening of deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction for resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum.
Lu Y, Song Z, Chen P … +2 more , Sheng Z, Wu Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41764848 · Full text
Resveratrol is a phenolic compound renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. To develop a greener alternative to conventional organic solvents, this research established an effective...
Resveratrol is a phenolic compound renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. To develop a greener alternative to conventional organic solvents, this research established an effective ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) approach utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DES) to isolate resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum. The optimal DES, choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-Gly) with a molar ratio of 1:2 and a 20% water content, was rationally screened using the COSMO-RS model. Subsequent optimization of the extraction parameters was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum resveratrol content reached 4.45 ± 0.25 mg/g, which proved similar to that obtained by conventional ethanol reflux extraction (ERE), under the following parameters: 64 °C bath temperature, 200 W ultrasonic power, 20.5 min duration, and 33.3 mL of liquid-to-solid ratio. Notably, the DES-UAE method achieved this efficiency in a significantly shorter time (20.5 min vs. 60 min for ERE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the combined action of DES and ultrasound caused more severe disruption of plant cell walls than ERE, providing a mechanistic explanation for the enhanced extraction efficiency. This work demonstrates that COSMO-RS-guided screening of DES enables the rapid identification of an optimal solvent system-ChCl-Gly-for the efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction of resveratrol from P. cuspidatum. The integration of computational prediction with experimental validation not only accelerated solvent selection but also yielded a fast, effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional extraction methods.
Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of ginseng folium polysaccharides: Extraction mechanism, process optimization, structural characterization, and in vitro biological activity.
Yang W, Jiang S, Wu X … +10 more , He Y, Peng C, Zhu C, Du R, Yuan H, Lan S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Kuang H, Wang Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41762774 · Full text
This study aimed to develop a green, efficient ultrasound-assisted (UA) deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction method for ginseng folium polysaccharides (GFPs). This approach overcomes the low yields and long extraction...
This study aimed to develop a green, efficient ultrasound-assisted (UA) deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction method for ginseng folium polysaccharides (GFPs). This approach overcomes the low yields and long extraction period of conventional techniques. Seventeen DES systems were screened, identifying choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-La, 1:2) as the optimal solvent. Key parameters were optimized using Plackett-Burman design followed by Box-Behnken response surface methodology, yielding optimal conditions of 30 min ultrasonic time, a liquid solid ratio of 25 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 299.16 W, and DES water content of 30.82%. The effects of three extraction methods, namely hot water extraction (HWE), UA extraction (UAE), and UA-DES, on polysaccharide characteristics were compared. Monosaccharide analysis showed that HWE-GFP was rich in glucose (Glc, 16.15%) and glucuronic acid (GlcA, 45.23%), whereas UAE and UA-DES were enriched in galactose (30.79% and 37.78%, respectively) and arabinose (21.69% and 29.80%, respectively). UA-DES-GFP had a significantly lower molecular weight (361.70 kDa) than UAE-GFP (1497.40 kDa) or HWE-GFP (3304.35 kDa). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed no major differences in functional groups among the three GFPs. Molecular dynamics simulations of the ChCl-La system elucidated the extraction mechanism, highlighting favorable electrostatic potential energy (-20.14 eV) and hydrogen bond length (2.204 Å) interactions with GFP. In vitro bioassays showed that HWE-GFP had stronger antioxidant activity (61.97%), whereas UA-DES-GFP exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibition (59.54%). These differences likely stem from variations in the GlcA/Glc ratio. Overall, this study provides a high-yield, green extraction strategy for GFP, along with mechanistic insights and technical guidance for utilizing ginseng leaf polysaccharides.
Role of gas nuclei in ultrasonic atomization in acoustic fountains: mechanisms and experimental evidence.
Gao Y, Bai L, Deng J … +2 more , Sun J, Bai L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41759335 · Full text
Ultrasonic atomization, particularly in the form of acoustic fountains, is widely used in various fields, but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, with ongoing debates between wave-driven and bubble-...
Ultrasonic atomization, particularly in the form of acoustic fountains, is widely used in various fields, but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, with ongoing debates between wave-driven and bubble-driven hypotheses. This study introduces classic cavitation nucleus theory into high-frequency ultrasonic atomization research, focusing on the "gas-nucleus-cavitation-atomization" chain to provide reproducible evidence for the bubble-driven hypothesis. Experimental setups with a 1.7 MHz ultrasonic transducer, capillary tubes, and high-speed cameras were used to manipulate gas nuclei in acoustic fountains through pre-embedding, injection, and pouring methods. Results demonstrate a strong spatiotemporal correlation between gas nuclei and atomization-localized atomization occurs precisely at gas nucleus locations, and increasing gas nuclei content enhances atomization intensity. Simulated vibration sources (broken capillary tips) reproduce atomization characteristics similar to natural ultrasonic fountain atomization, confirming the critical role of vibrating bubbles derived from gas nuclei. Additionally, surface protrusions of acoustic fountains act as micro-resonators, and acoustic focusing within these structures promotes gas nucleus growth into vibrating bubbles, triggering atomization. Inhibiting surface fluctuations suppresses atomization, further supporting the mechanism. This study clarifies the pivotal role of gas nuclei in ultrasonic fountain atomization, providing a theoretical basis for precise control and efficient application of ultrasonic atomization technology.
HIFU-triggered burst release of gallic acid from gelatin/polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogel network crosslinked with magnesium gallate MOF.
Sridharan B, Lee CE, Kim D … +5 more , Park JH, Um W, Nam SY, Kang J, Lim HG
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41747354 · Full text
In this study, we report the high-intensity focused ultrasound-triggered burst release of gallic acid from a gelatin-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) based hydrogel crosslinked with magnesium gallate (Mg-Gal) microparticles....
In this study, we report the high-intensity focused ultrasound-triggered burst release of gallic acid from a gelatin-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) based hydrogel crosslinked with magnesium gallate (Mg-Gal) microparticles. Hydrogel was fabricated with 5% gelatin and 5% PVP as polymeric components crosslinked with 0.5% of Mg-Gal microparticles as crosslinker. Following physico-chemical characterization of the hydrogel, gallic acid release pattern was studied at different pH and temperature. In vitro biocompatibility & anti-cancer potential of microparticles and hydrogels were established. Further, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) induced drug release and enhanced bioactivity were also demonstrated. Fabricated hydrogels were characterized to show strong crosslinking network reinforced by ionic interactions. Mechanical and hydration properties correlated with release kinetics of gallic acid signifying the pH & temperature responsiveness of the hydrogel. PG-Mg-Gal showed excellent biocompatibility with dermal fibroblast (<10%) and inhibited the proliferation & migration of 4T1 cells. HIFU triggered the rapid release of gallic acid from PG-Mg-Gal, where the release rate was consistent for 30 min (30%) and up to 60% release was achieved at 90 mins. The drug release process showed consistently significant release rate compared to the untreated control. Enhanced bioactivity (20%; > 5 times of untreated hydrogel) of PG-Mg-Gal followed by burst release of gallic acid through HIFU treatment was demonstrated after 4 hrs using Live/Dead cells staining. In conclusion, HIFU-triggered delivery of gallic acid from PG-Mg-Gal showed great potential as a biocompatible and rapid delivery system which enhances the cytotoxic potential of Mg-Gal formulation through delivery at the targeted site.
Efficient extraction of Cercis chinensis seeds polysaccharides by ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent: Process optimization, identification, kinetics and bioactivity.
Shu P, Yin H, Zhang Z … +10 more , Yang H, Chen S, Chen Y, Fan X, Lv L, Peng S, Wei X, Zhang L, Zhou J, Huang J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41747353 · Full text
This study employed an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method to extract Cercis chinensis seeds polysaccharides (CCSPs). Among 19 synthesized DES, DES-9 composed of betaine and ethylene glycol (Bet-Eg) ha...
This study employed an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method to extract Cercis chinensis seeds polysaccharides (CCSPs). Among 19 synthesized DES, DES-9 composed of betaine and ethylene glycol (Bet-Eg) had the highest extraction efficiency during the initial screening, with a yield of 47.7 mg/g, which is 3.5 times higher than that obtained by water extraction (13.6 mg/g). A structural characterization by IR and H NMR revealed a robust hydrogen bonding network in DES-9. This enhanced the solubility and extraction of CCSPs. Extraction conditions were optimized via the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), yielding an experimentally validated yield of 66.3 mg/g following optimum parameters: water content 37%, temperature 72 °C, time 61 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:25 g/mL, and ultrasonic power 240 W. After four cycles of reuse experiments, DES-9 maintained over 74% extraction efficiency, demonstrating good recyclability. CCSPs extracted by DES-9 had higher Mw (46.22 kDa), higher content of Gal, and better stability under different temperatures. At concentrations of 0.03125-1 mg/mL, CCSPs extracted by DES-9 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory ability, indicating potential as a natural food preservative. These findings confirm that ultrasound-assisted DES extraction is an efficient and green process for extracting CCSPs, providing theoretical and technical support for the utilization of C. chinensis seed resources and the preparation of functional polysaccharides.
Ultrasonicated brine: implications for polyphosphate functionality and beef quality.
Maleki-Dashti F, Soltanizadeh N, Kaykha MEH
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41734498 · Full text
This study evaluated whether ultrasonication of brining solutions can enhance the functional effectiveness of polyphosphate in beef systems, thereby providing a technological basis for reducing phosphate dependency. A 1....
This study evaluated whether ultrasonication of brining solutions can enhance the functional effectiveness of polyphosphate in beef systems, thereby providing a technological basis for reducing phosphate dependency. A 1.5% (w/v) NaCl brine was ultrasonicated using probe ultrasound (20 kHz, 300 W) for 0, 15, or 30 min either before polyphosphate addition (UBP) or after polyphosphate addition (UAP). Sodium tripolyphosphate was incorporated at 0, 0.1, or 0.2% (w/v), and brines were mixed with ground Longissimus lumborum at a 1:1 (w/v) ratio. Brine pH and redox potential were measured, and meat pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, emulsifying activity and stability, interfacial protein concentration, and color parameters were evaluated. Polyphosphate concentration was the dominant factor influencing meat pH, WHC, cooking loss, and emulsifying properties. Brine ultrasonication significantly modulated these effects, particularly through interactions with polyphosphate concentration. Pre-sonication of brine followed by polyphosphate addition (UBP) consistently resulted in higher WHC, lower cooking loss, and improved emulsifying activity compared with non-sonicated brine at the same phosphate levels. In contrast, ultrasonication of phosphate-containing brine (UAP) showed limited or inconsistent benefits at low phosphate concentrations. Structural and spectroscopic analyses (FESEM and FTIR) revealed that ultrasonicated brine promoted protein unfolding and formation of a denser, more cohesive protein network, consistent with improved water retention and thermal stability. Overall, the results demonstrate that ultrasonicated brine acts as a process-level enhancer that intensifies the functional performance of polyphosphate. While increasing phosphate concentration continuously improved meat quality, brine ultrasonication-particularly when applied prior to phosphate addition-amplified these effects, supporting the feasibility of achieving comparable functionality at lower phosphate inputs.
Ultrasound-assisted temperature-responsive deep eutectic solvents for simultaneous extraction and separation of the alkaloid components from the white pepper.
You H, Shen H, Han H … +2 more , Liu Y, Li H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41734497 · Full text
In this study, eighteen LCST-type temperature-responsive deep eutectic solvents (TRDESs) were developed for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of alkaloids from white pepper, using piperine (PIP) as the indicator. After...
In this study, eighteen LCST-type temperature-responsive deep eutectic solvents (TRDESs) were developed for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of alkaloids from white pepper, using piperine (PIP) as the indicator. After optimization, the best conditions were identified as lidocaine/valeric acid (1:1) as the solvent, a solid‑to‑liquid ratio of 1:40 mg/mL, 75°C, and 30 min of ultrasound, achieving a PIP yield of 33.7502 mg/g. By utilizing the temperature‑responsive behavior of TRDES, PIP was separated solely by adjusting temperature and water content, without additional reagents, resulting in a crude extract containing 122.3 μg/mg of PIP. Subsequent analysis confirmed that the TRDES‑based ultrasound‑assisted extraction did not affect the antioxidant or anti‑diabetic (α‑glucosidase and α‑amylase inhibitory) activities of the extract. The TRDES system also showed good reusability, retaining over 85% of its initial extraction efficiency after five cycles. Density functional theory calculations revealed that ultrasound‑assisted extraction proceeds via hydrogen bonding between lidocaine/valeric acid and the five‑membered ring of PIP. With a high GAPI score of 82, this method offers a clearly greener and more sustainable alternative to conventional extraction techniques. This work integrates the novel green solvent TRDES with ultrasound‑assisted extraction, laying a key foundation for developing environmentally friendly processes in natural product preparation.
Ultrasound-assisted construction of pea protein isolate-folic acid covalent complex as self-assembled nanocarrier: Enhancing the stability, precise release property, and bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Wang Z, Li H, Yu H … +8 more , Wang X, Guo J, Qing J, Yang H, Xiao X, Wang R, Shan Y, Ding S
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41723949 · Full text
Curcumin (Cur) is a hydrophobic phenolic compound with superior biological activity, but the limited water solubility, chemical instability, and poor bioaccessibility of curcumin restrict its application. This study deve...
Curcumin (Cur) is a hydrophobic phenolic compound with superior biological activity, but the limited water solubility, chemical instability, and poor bioaccessibility of curcumin restrict its application. This study developed pea protein isolate (PPI)-folic acid (FA) covalent complexes as nanocarriers for the encapsulation, protection, and precise delivery of curcumin. The results of SDS-PAGE, XPS, and FTIR demonstrated that covalent complexation between PPI and FA was formed through an ultrasound-assisted free radical grafting method. Notably, ultrasonication for 15 min (PPI-FA-US15) achieved a higher FA loading capacity (44.78 ± 0.37 µg/mg) than the traditional free radical grafting for 24 h (36.45 ± 0.43 µg/mg). The ultrasonic treatment and covalent complexation of FA greatly improved the solubility of PPI (from 61.34 ± 0.67% to 97.02 ± 0.88%). Curcumin was efficiently encapsulated within the core of PPI-FA-US15 conjugates to form PPI-FA15-Cur nanocomplexes by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The complexation of FA improved the binding affinity of PPI for curcumin. PPI-FA15-Cur demonstrated a 1.97-fold superior loading capacity for curcumin compared to PPI-Cur. Meanwhile, PPI-FA15-Cur displayed a spherical morphology, and maintained a stable particle size distribution during 77-d storage. The heating stability, photochemical stability and antioxidant property of curcumin were significantly improved. Furthermore,in vitrodigestion studies demonstrated that PPI-FA15-Cur showed a sustained release of curcumin. The bioaccessibility of curcumin within PPI-FA15-Cur was about 4.75-fold and 1.11-fold higher than that of free curcumin and PPI-Cur, respectively. This study provides a promising approach for developing plant protein-based carriers that enable precise delivery of curcumin in functional foods.
Research on the ultrasonic-assisted extraction, purification, structural characterization, and anti- glycolipid metabolic disorder (anti-GLMD) activity and mechanism of polysaccharide from Dryopteridis crassirhizomatis Rhizoma.
Guo P, Liang J, He Y … +8 more , Xing Y, Quan X, Fang Y, Zhao W, Liang J, Zhou P, Wang X, Wu Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41723948 · Full text
Dryopteridis crassirhizomatis Rhizoma, the traditional Chinese medicinal herb commonly known as "Mianma Guanzhong", botanically originating from the dried rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, exhibits extensive pha...
Dryopteridis crassirhizomatis Rhizoma, the traditional Chinese medicinal herb commonly known as "Mianma Guanzhong", botanically originating from the dried rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, exhibits extensive pharmacological activities. To further elaborate on its medicinal potential, a homogeneous polysaccharide, designated as DCP-1-2, was ultrasonic-assisted extracted and purified from the dried rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma. Subsequently, comprehensive structural elucidation of DCP-1-2 was conducted using a combination of advanced analytical techniques, including HPLC, SERS, methylation analysis, and NMR spectroscopy. Notably, systematic in vitro assessments were performed to evaluate two key biological activities of DCP-1-2: its antioxidant capacity and its inhibitory effects on key enzymes implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. To this end, as a critical crosslink between glucose and lipid metabolic pathways, AGEs were employed to establish a high-fat cell model. This cell model was then utilized to investigate the anti-GLMD activity of DCP-1-2 and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms. Collectively, these findings lay a solid experimental foundation for the potential application of Dryopteris crassirhizoma-derived polysaccharides in the prevention and management of GLMD.
Bubble coalescence and dissolution effects on sonochemical activity in pulsed wave ultrasound systems.
Nolan MC, Fernandez HA, Cowen AN … +2 more , Fuller FR, Weavers LK
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41722338 · Full text
Pulsed wave (PW) ultrasound offers a promising alternative to continuous wave (CW) ultrasound for contaminant degradation, yet the mechanisms governing PW sonochemical effectiveness remains underexplored. This study inve...
Pulsed wave (PW) ultrasound offers a promising alternative to continuous wave (CW) ultrasound for contaminant degradation, yet the mechanisms governing PW sonochemical effectiveness remains underexplored. This study investigates the relative influence of bubble coalescence and dissolution on sonochemical activity in PW systems using calorimetry, terephthalate (TA) dosimetry, and the capillary method. Experiments were conducted at 337 kHz with 10 and 100 ms on-times with varying off-times and surfactant concentrations using fluorotelomer sulfonates (FtS) of differing chain lengths. Calorimetry and hydroxyterephthalate (HTA) fluorescence consistently showed less sonochemical activity with increasing off-times. However, bubble coalescence, measured by the capillary method, decreased with increasing off-times. These findings, taken together, indicate that bubble dissolution, rather than coalescence, is the dominant factor limiting sonochemical efficiency in PW systems. In the presence of FtS and compared to CW systems, PW did not affect bubble coalescence, suggesting surfactants affect bubble coalescence similarly in CW and PW systems. Finally, calorimetry proved to be a reliable, chemical-free dosimeter for assessing cavitation activity, offering a practical alternative to traditional dosimeters.
Green extraction approach for green microalga Tetraselmis tetrahele: Enhanced phenolic yield and bioactivity via Ultrasound-Assisted extraction.
Mai T, Rahman NA, Pang SY … +2 more , Tan JP, Chew SC
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41722337 · Full text
Microalgae are gaining attention as promising natural sources of bioactives due to their rich nutrient content. This study investigates the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters (i.e., solvent compos...
Microalgae are gaining attention as promising natural sources of bioactives due to their rich nutrient content. This study investigates the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters (i.e., solvent composition, temperature, solid-to-solvent ratio, and time) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Tetraselmis tetrahele. The UAE parameters were determined at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:75, a temperature of 25 °C, and an extraction time of 15 min with 75% ethanol as the solvent. Phenolic profile, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS, photosynthesis pigment (chlorophyll a, b, and total carotenoid), anti-collagenase activity, and metabolic profile of Tetraselmis tetrahele extract obtained using UAE were determined. Tetraselmis tetrahele extracts obtained using the selected UAE method demonstrated significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels in gallic acid (1.81%), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (7.0%), total phenolic content (84.0%), total flavonoid content (56.2%), ABTS (101.3%), chlorophyll a (119.4%), chlorophyll b (174.3%), total carotenoids (173.2%) and anti-collagenase activity (15.9%) compared to the maceration method. These findings provide UAE as a green and scalable method for maximizing the phenolic yield and support the application of Tetraselmis tetrahele in the development of high-value products across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional food industries.
Synergistic mechanisms of ultrasound and slightly acidic electrolyzed water in peanut germination revealed by multi-omics analysis.
Wang L, Yu L, Zhang Y … +1 more , Wu Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41722336 · Full text
Peanut sprouts are recognized as a nutrient-dense functional food, rich in protein, soluble sugars, resveratrol, and bioactive compounds. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultrasound treatments have emerged a...
Peanut sprouts are recognized as a nutrient-dense functional food, rich in protein, soluble sugars, resveratrol, and bioactive compounds. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultrasound treatments have emerged as promising technologies for enhancing the efficiency and uniformity of peanut seed germination, which is critical for improving sprout yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their synergistic effects remain elusive. This study investigated the combined effects of SAEW and ultrasound on peanut germination using integrated metabolomics and proteomics. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to identify and quantify treatment-altered metabolites and proteins during germination. The results indicated that SAEW promoted the initiation of peanut seed germination primarily through the induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of abscisic acid (ABA), while ultrasound primarily activates energy metabolism. The synergistic effect of SAEW and ultrasound was found to enhance oxidative stress and inhibit ABA expression, leading to suppression of energy metabolism pathways, including the citric acid cycle and glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study provided insights into the synergistic mechanism of SAEW-ultrasound treatment in enhancing peanut germination.
From waste to wonder: the ultrasonic-enzyme-fermentation process transforms virgin coconut oil press cake into a food ingredient.
Ranpatabendi T, Selvaraju VP, Martins A … +2 more , Fiore A, Fogliano V
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41719766 · Full text
Virgin coconut oil press cake (VCOPC), a protein and fiber rich byproduct of coconut oil extraction, remains underutilized despite its nutritional potential. In this study, we developed a continuous bioprocessing strateg...
Virgin coconut oil press cake (VCOPC), a protein and fiber rich byproduct of coconut oil extraction, remains underutilized despite its nutritional potential. In this study, we developed a continuous bioprocessing strategy that integrates ultrasonication, enzyme-assisted hydrolysis, and lactic acid bacteria fermentation to transform VCOPC into a food ingredient with enhanced nutritional and functional properties. The ultrasonication process achieved a 63% solubilization of the press cake under optimized conditions (1.62 bar, 95 min), it effectively broke down the rigid polysaccharide-protein-lipid matrix and reducing particle size from 2.5 µm to 0.35 µm. Enzymatic treatment markedly increased soluble protein content (up to 137 mg/g) and free amino groups (up to 11.8 mmol/g), while fermentation with L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus resulted in a 3-log increase in bacterial growth. Functional assessment of the various ingredients obtained by this bioprocessing approach showed high solubility and foaming capacity due to superior interfacial activity. This study demonstrates the successful conversion of coconut by-products into a nutritionally enriched food ingredient with enhanced techno-functional properties. Ultrasonication contributed to the highest yield, while enzymatic and microbial processes delivered the desired biochemical transformations. Combining initial mechanical disruption with enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation represents an effective and sustainable pathway for by-products upcycling and fosters circular innovation within the tropical food economy.
Ultrasound-enhanced deep eutectic solvent extraction and encapsulation of eggplant peel polyphenols for low-fat mozzarella spread formulation.
Mushtaq HH, Akhtar A, Nasim I … +1 more , Khalid N
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41719765 · Full text
The current study aimed to explore the polyphenols present in eggplant peels, their encapsulation, and application in the low-fat functional mozzarella spread. Eggplant peel extraction was performed with ultrasound-assis...
The current study aimed to explore the polyphenols present in eggplant peels, their encapsulation, and application in the low-fat functional mozzarella spread. Eggplant peel extraction was performed with ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions with deep eutectic solvents. The extraction conditions, including ultrasonication time (5-10 min), ultrasonic power (5-10 W), and sample concentration (10-15%), were optimized using a Box Behnken design. W/O/W emulsions were formulated with varying volume fractions of W/O emulsions (10% (E), 20% (E), and 30% (E) (%w/w)) using a fat replacer of aloe vera gel mucilage. W/O and W/O/W emulsions were evaluated in terms of phytochemicals retention capacity, droplet size, creaming, and color stability on 0, 3, 7, and 15 days at 4 °C. Mozzarella spreads were prepared with no emulsion addition (T), 10 mL of W/O (T), 10 mL of E (T), and 10 mL of E (T) and assessed for 1, 3, and 7 days at 4 °C based on phytochemicals, antioxidant potential, textural, color, and sensory analysis. Optimized extraction parameters were 7.5 min, 8 W, and 13% to attain 21 mg/g polyphenols, 9 mg/g flavonoids, and 64% DPPH activity. W/O emulsions exhibited a decline in polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, and retention capacity over time. E presented the highest droplet, bioactive retention, and creaming stability with the lowest color change due to higher plant mucilage concentration in contrast to E and E. T presented higher sensory and functional characteristics in contrast to the control. Overall, the W/O emulsions have the potential for the formulation of mozzarella spread with improved sensorial attributes.
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