Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
A study on γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) enrichment and its metabolic mechanism in germinating mung beans under the stress of ultrasound combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water.
Zhu R, Zhang G, Li N … +2 more , Li J, Zhang D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41861603 · Full text
Ultrasound and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) treatments have been widely applied to enrich γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) during the germination of grains and legumes; however, the effects and underlying mechanis...
Ultrasound and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) treatments have been widely applied to enrich γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) during the germination of grains and legumes; however, the effects and underlying mechanisms of their combined treatment on GABA enrichment remain unclear. After 72 h of germination, this study investigated the impacts of different treatment methods-distilled water treatment (GM), ultrasound treatment (UGM), SAEW treatment (SGM), and combined treatment (USGM)-on key enzyme activities, protein structural characteristics, and the GABA metabolic pathway in germinated mung beans. The results indicated that the combined treatment of ultrasound and SAEW promoted GABA enrichment in germinated mung beans, with the GABA content reaching 6.25 ± 0.025 mg/g. Additionally, it significantly enhanced the activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), diamine oxidase (DAO), and polyamine oxidase (PAO) to 0.359 ± 0.008 U/g, 0.554 ± 0.021 U/g, and 1.265 ± 0.036 U/g, respectively (p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy analyses revealed that the combined treatment significantly increased the content of α-helix and β-turn structures in the protein secondary structure (p < 0.05), while reducing the proportions of β-sheet and random coil structures, and enhanced protein surface hydrophobicity. Untargeted metabolomics analysis further demonstrated that the combined treatment significantly upregulated the levels of amino acid-related compounds, with a strong positive correlation observed between Glu and GABA content. Moreover, it primarily facilitated GABA synthesis by modulating pathways such as arginine-proline metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamic acid metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. The findings of this study provide theoretical support for elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which ultrasound and SAEW promote GABA enrichment in mung beans and offer new insights for developing functional mung bean foods rich in GABA..
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hypolipidemic actives from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seedpod: Process optimization, phytochemical characterization, and hypolipidemic activity.
Cheng X, Xie X, Xie Q … +4 more , Wang P, Ding Q, Zuo Z, Zhang L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41861602 · Full text
Lotus seedpod is a by-product of Lotus seed planting industry with abundant polyphenols. This study optimized the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters of hypolipidemic compounds from lotus seedpod by response...
Lotus seedpod is a by-product of Lotus seed planting industry with abundant polyphenols. This study optimized the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters of hypolipidemic compounds from lotus seedpod by response surface methodology guided-by lipase inhibition activity (LPIA). The major active compounds were enriched and identified, the in vitro and in vivo lipid lowering effect was explored by cell and mice models. The optimized conditions were 69% ethanol aqueous solution, ultrasonic power of 300 W and time of 62 min, under which the total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) reached 125.41 mg GAE/g DM and 361.82 ± 2.76 mg QUE/g DM, respectively, with pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (PLIA) of 8.38 ± 0.20 mg DM/mL. Ethyl acetate was the suitable solvent for enriching the hypolipidemic fraction in lotus seedpod polyphenol extract (LSPE). LSPE exhibited promising lipase inhibition (IC value = 171.5 μg/mL) and significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in 3 T3-L1 cells. Flavonoids, especially for quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, were the major compounds. In vivo assays indicated that LSPE treatment reduced weight gain and serum lipid level, and repaired liver damage by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in obese mice. These findings highlight the potential of lotus seedpod as a natural source of hypolipidemic actives, while also demonstrating the high efficiency of UAE in extracting plant-based hypolipidemic compounds.
Sonoluminescence from single cavitation bubbles near solid surfaces.
Mur J, Petkovsek R, Ohl CD
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41855994 · Full text
Sonoluminescence, the light emission from bubbles undergoing large volume oscillations, has traditionally been associated with near-spherical bubble collapses in free liquid. In contrast, highly asymmetric bubble collaps...
Sonoluminescence, the light emission from bubbles undergoing large volume oscillations, has traditionally been associated with near-spherical bubble collapses in free liquid. In contrast, highly asymmetric bubble collapses near solid boundaries are known to cause surface erosion from transient and extreme pressure build ups. While both phenomena are caused from energy focusing during bubble collapse, a connection between erosion and light emission has not been previously reported. Here, we for the first time observe the highly asymmetric toroidal cavitation bubble collapse leading to erosive effects on the nearby boundary emits light, too. Through multi-modal measurements of the bubble dynamics and the associated phenomena near solid surfaces, we find that light emission occurs exclusively at the sites and time of the most intense flow focusing. Yet, we find no correlation between the occurrence of light emission from sonoluminescence and erosion. This findings reveal that the mechanisms governing energy focusing within the bubble and in the liquid are resulting from distinct energy focusing pathways.
Multifactorial regulation of ultrasound-induced cavitation by engineered silica nanoparticles.
Lin J, Zhang X, Zhou Q … +1 more , Cao W
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41855993 · Full text
Acoustic cavitation, characterized by the nucleation, growth, and collapse of cavitation bubbles under ultrasound irradiation, is a fundamental mechanism for therapeutic ultrasound, including high intensity focused ultra...
Acoustic cavitation, characterized by the nucleation, growth, and collapse of cavitation bubbles under ultrasound irradiation, is a fundamental mechanism for therapeutic ultrasound, including high intensity focused ultrasound therapy and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In this study, a hierarchical acoustic signal analysis was carried out to systematically evaluate how engineered silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs) regulate cavitation onset, bubble growth, and oscillation stability. Specifically, cavitation thresholds were determined using the third harmonic signal, and calibrated to acoustic intensity (I) to assess clinical safety. Our results demonstrate that nanoparticles facilitate bubble nucleation in a size-dependent manner, with maximal enhancement observed at ∼ 100 nm under 840 kHz ultrasound sonication. Structurally, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) induced the most intense cavitation with the lowest threshold of 0.56 W/cm, significantly below the FDA safety limit (3 W/cm). Furthermore, we propose a unified concave-convex curvature theory to elucidate these phenomena: hydrophobic modifications and hollow architectures create effective concave interfaces that stabilize gas nuclei, drastically lowering the nucleation barrier compared to convex hydrophilic spheres. These findings provide quantitative mechanistic insights into nanoparticle-mediated cavitation and establish key design principles for ultrasound-responsive nanoplatforms that enable effective therapy within clinically safe energy levels.
Ultrasonic liquid-phase catalysis for enhanced power generation in Al-based bioelectrolyte batteries.
Huang H, Yin J, Zhang S … +10 more , Yang Q, Chen Z, Tang Q, Qi X, Su S, Chen J, Chen H, Zhu K, Qu S, Liu P
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41849939 · Full text
Al-based batteries have been particularly attractive for integration with bioelectrolytes such as sweat and tears, enabling portable and biocompatible power sources. However, their practical applications are severely con...
Al-based batteries have been particularly attractive for integration with bioelectrolytes such as sweat and tears, enabling portable and biocompatible power sources. However, their practical applications are severely constrained by sluggish mass transfer and reaction kinetics at the catalytic electrode interface. In this study, we present a compact ultrasound-catalyzed Al-based bioelectrolyte battery (ABBB) to overcome this limitation, for which the catalysis mechanisms arise from the synergistic effects of acoustic pressure, acoustic streaming, and ultrasonic stirring for jointly accelerating interfacial mass transport and electrode reaction kinetics. Experimental results show that the ultrasonic liquid-phase catalysis can dramatically improve battery discharge performance, with peak power enhanced by higher than one order of amplitude (10-fold). Notably, when the artificial sweat mimicking human sweat composition is employed as the electrolyte, the peak power can be enhanced by approximately 5-fold under the ultrasonic excitation, highlighting its feasibility for practical biofluid-powered systems. This work establishes a novel physical-field catalytic strategy for boosting ABBB performance and provides a solid foundation for their applications in self-powered biosensors, wearable medical devices, and green electronic technologies.
Dual-functional ultrasound-activated sonosensitizer for microbial inactivation and sprouts quality enhancement.
Liu Z, Chen W, Liu L … +2 more , Tham CAT, Li D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41844503 · Full text
The increasing demand for safe, ready-to-eat sprouts highlights the need for effective and environmentally friendly disinfection methods. Curcumin is a natural compound with potent sonosensitizing properties, capable of...
The increasing demand for safe, ready-to-eat sprouts highlights the need for effective and environmentally friendly disinfection methods. Curcumin is a natural compound with potent sonosensitizing properties, capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation to inactivate microorganisms. In this study, the combined effects of ultrasound and a curcumin-based emulsion labelled as curcumin-lecithin-propyl gallate-zein (CLPGZ) on the inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and the growth performance of mung bean and pea sprouts were investigated. The results showed that a curcumin concentration of 0.17 mg/mL combined with 15 min of ultrasound treatment (345 W/cm) achieved more than 99.5% bacterial reduction meanwhile maintaining a germination rate above 85% and producing the longest shoot length compared to other treatments. Physicochemical characterization confirmed that the CLPGZ emulsion remained stable over 60 days, with a consistently low polydispersity index of approximately 0.2. Beyond microbial inactivation, the combined treatment also significantly improved the nutritional and antioxidant profiles of sprouts, as reflected by increased reducing sugars, proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In particular, relative to the control group, the combined treatment increased total phenolic content by 22.5% in mung bean sprouts and 45.8% in pea sprouts, with corresponding increases of 12.2% and 9.7% in DPPH radical scavenging activity (P < 0.05). In addition to reducing seed surface contamination, the treatment decreased wash water microbial loads to below the detection limit (< 2.0 log CFU/mL), underscoring its potential to reduce the risk of cross-contamination during postharvest handling. The integration of this food-grade sonosensitizing emulsion with ultrasound represents a practical approach for improving microbial safety and quality attributes in sprout processing.
Ultrasound-assisted solvent-free extraction of rosemary absolute oil: A green paradigm for high-efficacy natural antioxidant in frying oil stabilization.
Chen Q, Zhang H, Lee YY … +2 more , Wang Y, Li Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41833259 · Full text
This study developed a green extraction paradigm for rosemary absolute oil (RAO) as a sustainable natural antioxidant to inhibit lipid oxidation in frying oils. RAO was prepared via three methods: heat reflux extraction...
This study developed a green extraction paradigm for rosemary absolute oil (RAO) as a sustainable natural antioxidant to inhibit lipid oxidation in frying oils. RAO was prepared via three methods: heat reflux extraction (HRE) with n-hexane, solvent-free oil extraction (OE) using refined soybean oil, and ultrasound-assisted solvent-free oil extraction (UOE). Under optimized UOE conditions (solid-to-liquid ratio 1:10, 400 W, 25°C, 13 min), RAO yield reached 19.09%, with total phenolic content (TPC) of 347.16 ± 2.81 mg GAE/g, significantly exceeding values from HRE and OE. UOE-RAO contained elevated concentrations of bioactive compounds: carnosic acid (CA, 89.45 ± 1.89 mg/g), ursolic acid (UA, 7.43 ± 0.02 mg/g), and carnosol (16.81 mg/g), accompanied by a pronounced CA-to-carnosol conversion. In vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH) demonstrated UOE-RAO's potent radical scavenging activity (IC: 71.26 ± 0.81 μg/mL), on par with synthetic butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). When fortifying soybean oil with 0.1% UOE-RAO, oxidative stability during 180°C frying was markedly enhanced: total polar materials (TPM) accumulation was retarded, extending oil usability from 31 h (control) to 63 h, while acid value (AV) remained consistently lower throughout frying. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) further validated improved oxidative resistance, with induction times for primary (12.75 ± 3.51 → 14.14 ± 0.20 min) and secondary oxidation (40.47 ± 6.02 → 61.41 ± 3.10 min) significantly prolonged. Collectively, these findings highlight that UOE enables the production of RAO with superior antioxidant efficacy, positioning it as a green, high-performance alternative to synthetic antioxidants for lipid-rich food processing, particularly high-temperature frying applications.
Sonication integrated with micronization: structural modification to improve the in-vitro digestibility, functional, and antioxidant properties of red pepper seed protein isolate.
Manzoor MF, Waseem M, Diana T … +8 more , Walayat N, Abduvalievna TZ, Aadil RM, Hussain S, Ahmed Z, Ali M, Zeng XA, Aït-Kaddour A
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41831262 · Full text
The study aimed to extract protein from red pepper seeds and to probe the effects of micronization (MN) at 15,000 rpm for 3 and 6 min, ultrasound (US) at 720 W, 40 kHz for 10 and 15 min, and their combined impact on red...
The study aimed to extract protein from red pepper seeds and to probe the effects of micronization (MN) at 15,000 rpm for 3 and 6 min, ultrasound (US) at 720 W, 40 kHz for 10 and 15 min, and their combined impact on red pepper seed protein isolate (RPSPI). The combined treatment (MN 6 min and US 10 min) substantially reduced particle size and increased -ve zeta potential, thereby significantly increasing RPSPI stability compared to untreated and individual treatments. Structural results showed significant molecular changes: increased free-SH content and surface hydrophobicity, and decreased intrinsic fluorescence intensity, indicating improved exposure of buried residues and partial unfolding. Fourier Transform Infrared peak spectra results verified secondary structural modification, evidenced by a significant increase in random coil and α-helix content. The disruption and significant fragmentation observed in Scanning Electron Microscope micrographs confirmed these findings. Thermograms from Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray diffraction patterns showed decreases in the thermal transition temperature and crystallinity, respectively, indicating weak intermolecular interactions. These structural changes in RPSPI significantly increased the water solubility, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and water and oil holding capacity, while decreasing the turbidity. Also, combined treatment significantly enhanced the ABTS, DPPH, and OH scavenging abilities (%) of RPSPI and in vitro protein digestibility. Conclusively, results revealed that this extremely underexploited by-product protein can develop into a value-added ingredient by improving its techno-functional and bioactive properties through these non-thermal technologies.
Ultrasonication-mediated multi-micronutrient fortification of polished rice to address micronutrient deficiencies.
Ong GVP, Laudencia IL, Tiozon R … +3 more , Jose JK, Pratap V, Sreenivasulu N
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41830755 · Full text
Ultrasonication-mediated multi-micronutrient fortification of polished rice was evaluated as a rapid and efficient strategy to enhance micronutrient loading and bioaccessibility. A one-pot process integrating soaking and...
Ultrasonication-mediated multi-micronutrient fortification of polished rice was evaluated as a rapid and efficient strategy to enhance micronutrient loading and bioaccessibility. A one-pot process integrating soaking and sonication was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), yielding optimal conditions of 2.73 min sonication, 5000 ppm fortificant concentration, and 240 min soaking time. Under these conditions, fortified rice showed markedly higher micronutrient concentrations than non-fortified controls, including iron (2802.42 ± 31.25 µg/g; ∼407-fold increase), zinc (813.05 ± 14.25 µg/g; ∼61-fold), thiamine (371.98 ± 13.92 µg/g; ∼413-fold), and folic acid (15.73 ± 0.32 µg/g; ∼8.4-fold). Simulated gastrointestinal digestion revealed nutrient-specific release patterns. Fortified rice retained high intestinal bioaccessibility of thiamine (78.93%), whereas the non-fortified sample showed complete loss at the intestinal phase. In contrast, folic acid exhibited reduced intestinal bioaccessibility (39.24%), indicating lower stability during digestion. Most minerals maintained measurable intestinal recovery, particularly iron (100.00%) and zinc (35.34%), indicating sustained solubility under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Ultrasound treatment also altered physicochemical properties of the rice matrix. Rapid Visco Analyzer analysis showed significant reductions in peak viscosity (3463 → 1953 cP) and setback viscosity (3190 → 485 cP), indicating partial disruption of starch structure and reduced retrogradation.Texture profile analysis revealed decreased chewiness, while color measurements showed increased lightness in fortified samples. Overall, ultrasonication represents a scalable and energy-efficient approach for producing nutrient-dense rice kernels suitable for blending or food formulation, supporting scalable food fortification strategies to mitigate micronutrient deficiencies in rice-consuming populations.
Enhancing tenderness and flavor of microwave-dried shrimp through ultrasonic-assisted papain pretreatment: Effects and mechanisms.
Luo W, Song D, Peng Z … +2 more , Li J, Sun J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41825365 · Full text
Shrimp drying extends shelf life and develops unique flavors, but often causes excessive toughness, impairing palatability and digestibility. Enhancing the tenderness of low-moisture dried shrimp facilitated chewing and...
Shrimp drying extends shelf life and develops unique flavors, but often causes excessive toughness, impairing palatability and digestibility. Enhancing the tenderness of low-moisture dried shrimp facilitated chewing and digestion for individuals with reduced masticatory function. However, research on effective strategies and underlying mechanisms to enhance dried shrimp tenderness remains limited, with single-method approaches demonstrating only modest improvements. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound-assisted papain pretreatment (UAP) on textural, flavor, and taste of microwave-dried shrimp. Results showed that UAP significantly improved tenderness while imparting uniform properties. During microwave heating, both papain and ultrasound promoted the conversion of glycine and serine into pyrazines and ketones. Correlation analysis indicated that UAP unfolded tertiary protein structures, increased total sulfhydryl and surface hydrophobicity, and shifted secondary protein structures towards flexible disorder. Furthermore, UAP accelerated protein degradation, manifesting macroscopically as reduced shear resistance, while expediting final flavor formation.
Ultrasound-modified soy protein-hyaluronic acid conjugates for swallowing-friendly high internal phase pickering emulsion gels: structure, properties, and applications.
Wang Y, Ma Z, Liu Y … +1 more , Gong Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41825364 · Full text
With the increasing global aging population, there is a growing demand for safe and nutritious specialized foods tailored to individuals with dysphagia. However, designing foods with suitable texture, stability, and swal...
With the increasing global aging population, there is a growing demand for safe and nutritious specialized foods tailored to individuals with dysphagia. However, designing foods with suitable texture, stability, and swallowability remains a significant challenge. This study explores the use of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU)-modified soy protein isolate (SPI)/hyaluronic acid (HA) complexes and conjugates to fabricate high internal phase Pickering emulsion gels (HIPPEGs) suitable for dysphagia patients. The formation of the SPI/HA conjugate was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and degree of grafting. Compared to SPI alone, the HIU-treated conjugate exhibited smaller particle size, higher surface charge, greater surface hydrophobicity, and enhanced structural flexibility, leading to superior emulsifying performance. Rheological analysis confirmed that HIPPEGs stabilized by U-Conjugate possessed higher gel strength. Texture profile and IDDSI tests indicated a soft texture, low adhesiveness, and favorable swallowability-all meeting the requirements for dysphagia diets. LF-NMR and CLSM analyses further revealed uniform water distribution and a dense, homogeneous microstructure. Moreover, U-Conjugate-stabilized HIPPEGs demonstrated potential for in vitro quercetin delivery and suitability for 3D printing applications. In conclusion, this study provides an effective strategy for developing high-performance HIPPEGs with strong potential for application in dysphagia-friendly food design, particularly highlighting their capabilities in nutrient delivery and 3D printing.
Corrigendum to "Optimization of sonication for preserving the biochemical and physicochemical attributes of pomegranate arils during storage" [Ultrason. Sonochem. 126 (2026) 107763].
Hazbawi I, Etezadi H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41820139 · Full text
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Exploration of interfacial chemistry and physical movement in fixed-bed adsorption/desorption of anthocyanins with and without in-process ultrasonication.
Zhu R, Li J, Manickam S … +6 more , Shi Y, Dai Y, Wu Y, Li D, Han Y, Tao Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41819780 · Full text
The fundamental physics underlying the fixed-bed adsorption and desorption of anthocyanins was systematically investigated, both with and without in-process ultrasonication. A novel self-assembled fixed-bed system was de...
The fundamental physics underlying the fixed-bed adsorption and desorption of anthocyanins was systematically investigated, both with and without in-process ultrasonication. A novel self-assembled fixed-bed system was designed by compacting macroporous resins and coupling the setup with ultrasound. The adsorption and desorption of chokeberry anthocyanins were quantitatively simulated using a phenomenological model that incorporated convection-dispersion in the axial flow and intraparticle diffusion within the resin matrix. Results revealed that fixed-bed performance was primarily governed by convection and dispersion in the bulk fluid, interfacial mass transfer at the resin-liquid boundary, intraparticle diffusion, and the number of binding sites between anthocyanins and the resin. Higher adsorption and desorption rates were observed when bulk convection and dispersion weakened, while interfacial mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion were enhanced. In-process ultrasonication did not significantly alter overall adsorption-desorption efficiency; however, it moderately intensified bulk liquid convection and dispersion, thereby reducing the extent of anthocyanin-resin binding. Overall, this modeling study provides mechanistic insights into anthocyanin purification via fixed-bed elution, offering new strategies for optimizing and controlling adsorption-based separation processes.
Formation mechanism of grinding wheel oxide layer in the ultrasonic-assisted ELID grinding of silicon carbide ceramics.
Jia X, Zhao C, Cao Y … +4 more , Xu Z, Bao Y, Yin S, Zhao B
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41812276 · Full text
As a substrate material for lightweight optical mirrors, silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are extensively employed in deep space exploration applications. Nevertheless, conventional grinding/milling and polishing processes...
As a substrate material for lightweight optical mirrors, silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are extensively employed in deep space exploration applications. Nevertheless, conventional grinding/milling and polishing processes are prone to induce subsurface damage while exhibiting inherently low processing efficiency. Therefore, this study proposes the combination of ultrasonic vibration and online electrolytic sharpening, firstly employing ultrasonic-assisted ELID (Electrolytic In-process Dressing) (U-ELID) grinding to address these machining challenges associated with SiC ceramics. Theoretical analysis and multi-physics field simulations reveal that the formation mechanism of the grinding wheel oxide layer under high-frequency ultrasonic vibration is the critical factor governing the surface integrity of the machined workpiece. Subsequently, through the integration of multi-physics field simulation, pre-sharpening experiments, and grinding trials, this research establishes a thickness growth model for the oxide layer formed during U-ELID pre-sharpening. It further investigates the formation characteristics of the oxide layer during the pre-sharpening stage in U-ELID grinding of SiC ceramics, revealing the underlying mechanisms and inherent laws governing the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the uniformity and compactness of the oxide layer. The results demonstrate that the synergistic effects of ultrasonic high-frequency mechanical action, ultrasonic cavitation, and ultrasonic acoustic streaming act upon the oxide layer. Compared to conventional ELID grinding, the oxide layer generated during U-ELID grinding exhibits significantly higher compactness and superior grinding performance. Specifically, under the same power supply voltage, the porosity of the oxide layer formed during U-ELID pre-sharpening is reduced by 51%, with narrower cracks and fewer pits induced by abrasive grain detachment. As the grinding depth decreases from 5 μm to 2 μm, the arithmetic mean surface roughness (Sa) of the ELID ground surface decreases by 35%, whereas that of the U-ELID ground surface decreases by 44.2%. Compared with ELID grinding, the reduction rate of Sa for the U-ELID ground surface is increased by 9.2%. Additionally, the surface scratches are finer and more uniform. This study, for the first time, unveils the mechanism by which the introduction of ultrasonic vibration influences oxide layer formation on grinding wheels during U-ELID grinding. The identified synergistic mechanism offers a novel pathway for achieving ductile-mode grinding of SiC ceramics, holding significant promise for advancing the machining precision of optical components to the nanoscale and supporting the demands of national major engineering projects such as deep space exploration.
Effect of ultrasonic-assisted hot-air drying on the quality and drying kinetics of Taraxacum mongolicum.
Wei MH, Yang L, Fan XQ … +11 more , Zhou XM, Yang Y, Zhou YC, Chen JJ, Pu CJ, Shi WZ, Xiao SW, Chen PD, Zhou GS, Li C, Yan H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41807892 · Full text
Drying of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz (TMHM) was an effective approach for preventing spoilage and extending shelf life. Ten drying methods were systematically evaluated, among which ultrasonic-assisted hot-air dryin...
Drying of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz (TMHM) was an effective approach for preventing spoilage and extending shelf life. Ten drying methods were systematically evaluated, among which ultrasonic-assisted hot-air drying (Us-HA-D) was identified as the most suitable technique. The drying kinetics analysis indicated that the Weibull model could offer the best fit to the experimental data, while the drying curves revealed that Us-HA-D increased the drying rate by approximately 25-30% compared to the conventional hot-air drying, leading to a reduction in total drying time of up to 40.3%. The microstructural observations confirmed that ultrasonic pretreatment induced the formation of microchannels, which facilitated moisture migration and resulted in a 25.4% rise in the effective moisture diffusivity. Us-HA-D method also significantly improved color preservation, exhibiting the lower total color difference (ΔE), and optimally maintained bioactive components, with the retention of chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and the total phenolic content enhanced by 40.2%, 55.6%, and 40.3%, respectively. The process of Us-HA-D was optimized using the response surface methodology under the following conditions: ultrasound power of 535 W, ultrasound duration of 30 min, air temperature of 60°C, and air velocity of 3.8 m/s, achieving an optimal balance between the product quality and drying efficiency. The findings supported that Us-HA-D was a promising industrial-scale technology for producing high-quality dried TMHM with well-preserved phytochemical profile, color integrity, and antioxidant properties, highlighting its potential for broad application in the drying of other food materials.
Mechanistic insights into sonication-assisted cold plasma treatments for improved microbial decontamination and quality maintenance in perishable foods.
Pandey VK, Nath PC, Thapliyal S … +1 more , Shaikh AM
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41807891 · Full text
Food preservation technologies are advancing towards the production of safe, minimally processed, and nutritious food products. Cold plasma (CP) is an emerging non-thermal technology that has received considerable attent...
Food preservation technologies are advancing towards the production of safe, minimally processed, and nutritious food products. Cold plasma (CP) is an emerging non-thermal technology that has received considerable attention for its potential application in decontaminating food from pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms with minimal damage to quality. Sonication, another acoustic cavitation-based technique, also provides similar synergistic advantages, such as mass transfer enhancement and disintegration of microbial membranes with enhanced exposure to reactive species. Sonication-assisted cold plasma (SACP), a combination of sonication and cold plasma, is a promising advancement in the preservation of food by enhancing the effects of microbial inactivation and shelf-life extension at lower energy input and treatment time. As well as its application for enzyme inactivation, bioactive retention, and packaging decontamination, the literature that is now accessible provides support for its potential use in fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and liquid foods. This review evaluates the fundamental concepts of sonication-assisted plasma activity. Additionally, the comparative advantages of this technology in comparison to stand-alone technologies are discussed, and the practical uses of this technology in food processing are highlighted.
Development and characterization of high internal phase emulsions for lycopene encapsulation with safflower seed meal globulin modified via ultrasound, heating and pH-shifting.
Xiao K, Gao L, Lu Q … +7 more , Wang Q, Zhao Z, Sai M, Meng X, Guan L, Yang J, Du L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41795413 · Full text
This study investigated the synergistic effect of ultrasound in combination with pH-shifting and heating modification on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and emulsifying performance of safflowe...
This study investigated the synergistic effect of ultrasound in combination with pH-shifting and heating modification on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and emulsifying performance of safflower seed meal globulins (SMG). Furthermore, the efficacy of the modified protein (UHA-SMG) as a natural emulsifier was evaluated for preparing lycopene (LYC)-loaded high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Under the suitable modification conditions (ultrasonic power: 500 W, ultrasonic time: 5 min, temperature: 70 °C, pH: 9.0), UHA-SMG exhibited improved physicochemical properties, including altered micromorphology, reduced particle size and interfacial tension, as well as enhanced zeta-potential, surface hydrophobicity, wettability, and solubility. Structural characterization via far-UV circular dichroism, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the modification altered the secondary and tertiary structures of SMG, as evidenced by a rise in α-helical content and the redistribution of internal hydrophobic groups and aromatic amino acids. At a concentration of 2.0% (w/v), UHA-SMG successfully stabilized oil-in-water HIPEs with an internal phase volume of 75%. These HIPEs demonstrated typical shear-thinning behavior, gel-like rheological characteristics (G' > G''), and excellent stability against centrifugation, heating, and long-term storage. For LYC encapsulation, the HIPEs formulated with 2.0% (w/v) UHA-SMG achieved a high encapsulation efficiency of 96.39 ± 1.34% and provided markedly enhanced stability of LYC against UV irradiation, thermal degradation, and storage compared to free LYC. In summary, the synergistic triple-modification strategy (ultrasound, heating, and pH-shifting) significantly enhanced the functionality of SMG, rendering it a promising candidate as a bio-based stabilizer for HIPEs with considerable potential in lipophilic bioactive ingredient delivery systems.
Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid polyphenols: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction and bioactivity study.
Zhang T, Yang L, Xie F … +4 more , Xing M, Zhang H, Song X, Ai L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41795412 · Full text
Docynia delavayi is a polyphenol-rich indigenous plant from China, known for its medicinal and edible properties. However, its bioactivities have been scarcely studied. This study aimed to establish an efficient ultrasou...
Docynia delavayi is a polyphenol-rich indigenous plant from China, known for its medicinal and edible properties. However, its bioactivities have been scarcely studied. This study aimed to establish an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process for isolating D. delavayi polyphenols (DDP) and to systematically assess their bioactivities. Single-factor assays combined with response surface methodology were employed to determine optimal UAE conditions for DDP: 43% ethanol, 460 W ultrasonic power, 21 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 41 min extraction. In vitro evaluation showed that DDP exhibited excellent antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging IC50 = 3.75 μg/mL) and carbohydrate digestion enzyme (α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase) inhibitory activity. Moreover, DDP also exhibited inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. Metagenomic analysis revealed that DDP promoted species associated with short-chain fatty acid synthesis, such as Flavonifractor plautii and Eubacterium sp., while reducing pathogenic bacteria, including Shigella sonnei and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that DDP modulated the intestinal metabolic profile and enriched pathways involved in Fatty acid biosynthesis, Fatty acid metabolism, and Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria. We believe that DDP, owing to its remarkable biological activity, may exhibit significant prebiotic effects, thereby modulating the gut microbiota and metabolic network, ultimately improving host health. This study elucidated an efficient UAE process and the diverse biological activities of DDP, providing an experimental foundation for its development as a natural functional ingredient and supporting high-value utilization of medicinal and edible plant resources.
Real-time drug release monitoring from acoustically responsive scaffolds.
Spiekhout S, Abeid BA, Estrada JB … +3 more , Fowlkes JB, Fabiilli ML, Aliabouzar M
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41795411 · Full text
Acoustically responsive scaffolds (ARSs), composite hydrogels containing phase-shift droplets that are activated by ultrasound, enable on-demand drug delivery with spatiotemporal precision. Yet, real-time monitoring of d...
Acoustically responsive scaffolds (ARSs), composite hydrogels containing phase-shift droplets that are activated by ultrasound, enable on-demand drug delivery with spatiotemporal precision. Yet, real-time monitoring of drug release from ARSs remains limited. Here, we studied the dynamics of the ultrasound-based activation mechanism, acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), in fibrin-based ARSs containing perfluorohexane droplets. We investigated how initial droplet concentration, acoustic pressure, and burst number affect droplet dynamics, bubble cloud evolution, acoustic emissions, and drug release efficiency. Optical imaging, at 5 million frames per second (Mfps) and 50 fps, revealed that ADV-induced bubble cloud morphologies were concentration dependent. At high concentrations and pressures, bubble clouds expanded significantly beyond the ultrasound focal region by up to 300%. ADV generated distinct low-frequency (LF) emissions that progressively decreased over repeated bursts by ≈30 dB, indicating a reduction in the number of vaporized droplets within the focal region. The burst number at which LF emissions plateaued (e.g., 51 bursts at 0.1% (v/v), 6.2 MPa) correlated with the burst number at which payload release reached its maximum value (57 bursts), demonstrating that LF emissions provide real-time, non-invasive feedback on ADV-mediated drug delivery. These results establish a direct correlation between LF emissions and ADV, and underscore their potential for real-time monitoring of drug release in ARSs.
Individual and combined ultrasonic-enzymatic treatments for modifying soybean residue (okara) fiber: impacts on structure, physicochemical, and functional properties.
Cui J, Liu D, Guo L … +3 more , Tao H, Gao W, Cui B
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41795410 · Full text
This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic, enzymatic, and combined ultrasonic-enzymatic treatments on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of soybean residue (okara) dietary fiber (DF). Unde...
This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic, enzymatic, and combined ultrasonic-enzymatic treatments on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of soybean residue (okara) dietary fiber (DF). Under the optimal combined ultrasonic-enzymatic treatment conditions, the soluble DF (SDF) yield and water-holding capacity (WHC) of the modified okara DF increased to 8.00 ± 1.04 g/100 g and 14.88 ± 0.29 g/g respectively, representing enhancements of 193.04% and 40.11% compared with unmodified okara DF. Structural analysis showed reduced particle size, a more uniform size distribution, and disrupted microstructures characterized by wrinkles, voids, and fragmentation. Physicochemical properties were also improved (p < 0.05), with WHC, oil-holding capacity (OHC), and swelling capacity (SC) increasing by 40.11%, 82.81%, and 40.19%, respectively. Moreover, the combined treatment exhibited stronger functional effects than individual methods, yielding 4.82- and 10.07-fold increases in cholesterol and bile salt adsorption capacities, and 1.35- and 7.78- fold enhancements in DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. These enhancements are attributed to structural modifications, including reduced particle size, increased specific surface area, exposure of functional groups, and decreased crystallinity, which collectively improve the functional properties of okara DF. Overall, this study highlights the synergistic advantages of ultrasonic-enzymatic treatment and provides theoretical and technical support for the high-value utilization of okara DF.
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