Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Influence of ultrasonication power and treatment duration on the functional and structural properties of elephant foot yam starch.
Medha T, Deepika PS, Selva Kumar T … +5 more , Vantaku VR, Amanullah M, Devi PB, Vinayagam R, Reddy CK
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 41941845 · Full text
Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) starch is an underutilized C-type tuber starch, whose native properties may limit its functionality in processed food systems. Ultrasonication is a sustainable, reagent-fr...
Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) starch is an underutilized C-type tuber starch, whose native properties may limit its functionality in processed food systems. Ultrasonication is a sustainable, reagent-free technique for modifying starch structure and improving its performance. This study investigated the effects of probe ultrasonication power levels (20% and 30% amplitude) and treatment duration (20 and 30 min) on the structural, physicochemical, thermal, textural, and micrometric properties of elephant foot yam starch (EFYS). Ultrasonication significantly increased the apparent amylose content (24.68-26.68%), indicating partial amylopectin depolymerization. Swelling power (13.61-15.92 g/g) and solubility (0.33-0.49%) increased, whereas water absorption capacity decreased (1.13-0.75 g/g). Enhanced solubilization improved paste clarity, and light transmittance. FE-SEM analysis revealed surface erosion and fissures without thermal gelatinization. XRD confirmed the retention of the C-type crystalline pattern with reduced crystallinity, while FTIR indicated disruption of hydrogen bonding and short-range molecular order without chemical alteration. Thermal analysis showed a reduction in gelatinization onset temperature (62.44-50.40°C), and an increase in enthalpy (15.15-17.66 J/g), suggesting molecular rearrangement. Gel hardness and gumminess increased, while powder flowability slightly declined. Overall, controlled ultrasonication efficiently tailored the EFYS properties, indicating its potential applicability in thickening systems and gel-based food formulations.
Enhanced removal of bisphenols using immobilized TiO in photocatalytically assisted hydrodynamic cavitation.
Šuligoj A, Zupanc M, Gostiša J … +4 more , Hrovat P, Heath E, Novak Tušar N, Lavrenčič Štangar U
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 41936211 · Full text
Bisphenols are widespread in the environment and can cause harm to aquatic and terrestrial life by acting as an endocrine disruptor, affecting reproduction, growth, and development. Hydrodynamic cavitation and photocatal...
Bisphenols are widespread in the environment and can cause harm to aquatic and terrestrial life by acting as an endocrine disruptor, affecting reproduction, growth, and development. Hydrodynamic cavitation and photocatalysis can both be used to remove bisphenols from aquatic bodies, yet the reports on the combination of the two in a single system are scarce. Herein, we studied the removal of five bisphenols from tap water (TW) and real wastewater (WW) effluent at two environmentally relevant concentration levels, 200 ng/L and 1000 ng/L, by means of hydrodynamic cavitation, both independently and in combination with photocatalysis, using a TiO-SiO composite catalyst immobilized on AlO monoliths. For tap water, inside the short treatment times (15 min or 30 min) the efficiency of removal reached up to 100% for tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF) while only 15% for bisphenol S (BPS). Interestingly, the average total amount of BPAs removed across all treatment combinations was almost the same in case of TW (58.5 ng) and WW (60.4 ng). The current study shows an important advancement in the practical applicability of the two methods for treating polluted water bodies which is applicable to the upcoming implementation of the quaternary treatment in WW treatment plants.
Study on the coupling characteristics of different numbers of cavitation bubbles and particle groups in the free domain.
Yang S, Han W, Li R … +1 more , Shen X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 41934722 · Full text
In a free field multiphase environment, the coupling between cavitation bubble dynamics and particle groups can markedly reshape local flow structures and thereby influence particle impact risks. Within a unified dimensi...
In a free field multiphase environment, the coupling between cavitation bubble dynamics and particle groups can markedly reshape local flow structures and thereby influence particle impact risks. Within a unified dimensionless framework, this study investigates three representative systems-single cavitation bubble, double cavitation bubble, and three cavitation bubble-by combining experimental observations, theoretical analysis, and three-dimensional numerical simulations to systematically characterize the evolution of particle-group velocity magnitudes and directions. The results show that, for a single cavitation bubble, the maximum particle velocity decays significantly with increasing dimensionless distance, and the velocity direction points outward from the bubble center during expansion but reverses toward the center during collapse. For a double cavitation bubble, the particle response in the superposition region differs distinctly from that in the outer-side regions: when particles are located near the centerline connecting the bubble centers, the collapse-induced microjet can trigger peak acceleration events, with representative particle velocities reaching the order of 60-70 m/s, far exceeding those dominated by radiation pressure; meanwhile, the particle velocity direction in the superposition region can become approximately perpendicular to the centerline. For a three cavitation bubble, particle-group responses are highly sensitive to the configuration and the relative inter-bubble spacing parameters: symmetric configurations tend to exhibit more collective responses, whereas asymmetric or non-collinear configurations enhance the spatial expansion and dispersed contributions of the superposition region. Group-level statistics further indicate that multi-bubble systems can substantially strengthen y-direction momentum exchange, and a set of group metrics reveals systematic changes in contribution patterns and the dominant affected range. These findings clarify the region-dependent dominance of radiation pressure and microjet impact in cavitation bubble-particle groups coupling, providing reproducible quantitative evidence for particle impact assessment in multiphase systems.
A novel physical hurdle technology by combining plasma-activated water and ultrasound for long-term stored shiitake mushrooms.
Shao J, Huang X, Guo Y … +5 more , Sun L, Zhang L, Li J, Zhao X, Zhao Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 41932138 · Full text
The shiitake mushrooms are perishable due to microbial infection and water loss during storage. This study investigated the effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) combined with ultrasound (US) treatment to microbes and t...
The shiitake mushrooms are perishable due to microbial infection and water loss during storage. This study investigated the effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) combined with ultrasound (US) treatment to microbes and the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms. For combined treatments, fresh shiitake mushrooms were soaked in PAW for 10 min while being simultaneously sonicated at 110, 220, or 330 W for 10 min (PAW-US, PAW-US, and PAW-US, respectively). The results unveiled that the PAW combined with US (PAW-US) treatment significantly reduced nearly 0.85-1.09 log natural microorganisms at 14 d of storage. The results showed that PAW-US treatment contributed to suppressing the respiration rate, inhibiting softening and browning, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and maintaining membrane integrity. Among all the groups, PAW-US treatment yielded the most pronounced effects, highlighting the potential of this hurdle technology for postharvest preservation of shiitake mushrooms.
Ultrasound-induced cavitation effects on microbial load, colloidal structure and techno-functional properties of Moroccan camel milk.
Kindoussy FE, Boukria O, Basbous A … +2 more , Taarji N, de Souza PM
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 41926840 · Full text
Camel milk is a nutritionally valuable dairy system with a distinctive mineral protein colloidal organization but remains highly perishable and sensitive to physicochemical changes during processing. This study evaluated...
Camel milk is a nutritionally valuable dairy system with a distinctive mineral protein colloidal organization but remains highly perishable and sensitive to physicochemical changes during processing. This study evaluated the effects of controlled ultrasonic treatment on the microbiological stability, colloidal structure, and techno-functional properties of Moroccan camel milk. Ultrasonic processing induced strong, time-dependent microbial inactivation, achieving an approximately 2-log reduction after 5 min and complete bacterial inactivation after 15 min, without significantly altering the overall physicochemical properties. At the colloidal scale, ultrasound reduced particle size and turbidity and modified zeta potential, indicating enhanced dispersion and structural reorganization. Protein secondary structure analysis revealed a decrease in α-helix content accompanied by an increase in random coil structures, suggesting partial protein unfolding driven by cavitation-induced shear forces. Minor changes in mineral distribution, protein, and lactose contents reflected physical rearrangements rather than chemical degradation. Notably, despite these structural modifications, the emulsifying capacity remained unchanged, demonstrating preservation of techno-functional performance. These findings provide experimental evidence that ultrasonic acoustic cavitation can effectively inactivate microorganisms in camel milk while predominantly inducing sonophysical effects, thereby advancing the understanding of cavitation-driven structure-function relationships in camel milk and supporting its processing as a non-thermal, structure-preserving dairy system.
Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the fibrillation of soy protein isolate, β‑conglycinin, and glycinin: Kinetics, structure, and functional properties.
Niu X, An D, Li L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41916030 · Full text
This study systematically investigated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the fibrillation behavior of soy protein isolate (SPI), β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). A multi-analytical approach combining Thiofl...
This study systematically investigated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the fibrillation behavior of soy protein isolate (SPI), β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). A multi-analytical approach combining Thioflavin T fluorescence spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, and spectroscopic analyses was employed to monitor fibrillation kinetics and structural modifications. Ultrasonication significantly accelerated the fibrillation process by enhancing nucleation, increasing the apparent rate constant of 7S by 44% and that of SPI by 67%. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that ultrasound treatment promoted protein degradation, generating a greater number of low-molecular-weight peptides, which may have facilitated fibril nucleation. Ultrasound treatment reduced protein particle size, increased surface charge, and promoted conformational transitions toward β-sheet-rich structures, with U-7SN showing a 20.8% rise in β-sheet content. These structural changes were correlated with enhanced functional properties, including improved solubility, emulsifying activity, and viscosity. The findings demonstrated that ultrasound promoted fibrillation by enhancing hydrophobic interactions and the formation of β-sheet structures, offering a theoretical basis for tailoring plant protein nanofibrils with targeted functionalities for food and material applications.
Impact of crystalline type on starch-polyphenol complexation under sequential gelatinization and ultrasonication.
Kusumawardani S, Luangsakul N
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41903423 · Full text
Inhibiting starch digestion is an effective approach to regulate postprandial blood glucose levels, and ultrasound assisted modification has emerged as a promising non-thermal strategy to tailor starch structure and func...
Inhibiting starch digestion is an effective approach to regulate postprandial blood glucose levels, and ultrasound assisted modification has emerged as a promising non-thermal strategy to tailor starch structure and functionality. In this study, sequential treatment of gelatinization and ultrasonication at varying amplitudes were employed to assess the impact of the interaction between different types of starch crystallinity (A, B, and C type) with red rice bran polyphenols. The results demonstrated moderate amplitude at 60% provided optimal ultrasound condition, significantly enhancing polyphenol binding and promoting molecular rearrangement across all starch types. B type starch exhibited the highest polyphenol binding capacity. In contrast, A and C type starches showed more pronounced increases in crystalline order and thermal stability, indicating stronger molecular reorganization under ultrasound stress. X-ray diffraction revealed no new peaks among all starch types, indicating that complexation occurred via non V-type interactions. Amplitude of ultrasound at 60% effectively reduced rapidly digestible starch while increasing slowly digestible and resistant starch fractions, resulting in a lower estimated glycemic index within the medium range (65-68). These findings elucidate the role of ultrasonic cavitation in modulating starch-polyphenol interactions and demonstrate how starch crystalline structure governs complexation behavior and digestion resistance. Overall, the present study contributes a promising strategy for the development of functional food ingredients, particularly for slowing down the digestibility.
Efficient recovery of chlorogenic acid and rutin from Ficus erecta leaves using liquid carbon dioxide-ethanol-water extraction with and without ultrasonic irradiation.
Sharmin T, Kanazawa M, Mishima K … +8 more , Ferdosh S, Saptoro A, Znad H, Islam Sarker MZ, Mustofa S, Takeshita T, Ouchi M, Mishima K
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41895162 · Full text
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin are bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are valuable for functional food applications. This study investigated their extraction from Ficus e...
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin are bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are valuable for functional food applications. This study investigated their extraction from Ficus erecta leaves using a green solvent system composed of liquid CO, ethanol, and water at 298.15 K and 8.0 MPa, with and without ultrasonic irradiation. Extraction yields were evaluated by systematically varying solvent composition. Under optimized conditions (EtOH:HO = 1:1), liquid CO extraction significantly increased CGA yield to 25.5 mg g and rutin to 14.5 mg g compared with conventional aqueous-ethanol extraction. Ultrasound further enhanced CGA recovery (31.6 mg g, p < 0.001), whereas rutin showed no significant improvement, indicating a solubility-controlled plateau under the selected solvent conditions. Hansen solubility parameter modeling reproduced extraction trends with deviations generally below 25%, indicating that solvent-solute affinity governs extraction yield once mass-transfer resistance is minimized. The results demonstrate compound-specific ultrasound effects: CGA extraction remains partially diffusion-limited, while rutin recovery is primarily dictated by equilibrium solubility in the CO-ethanol-water system. These findings provide a thermodynamically supported framework for solvent-composition-driven optimization of green high-pressure extraction processes.
Chladni figures reduce ohmic losses in alkaline electrolysis.
Agrež V, Heidary Z, Gavaises M … +2 more , Petkovšek R, Ohl CD
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41889035 · Full text
An method for hydrogen bubble removal through ultrasonic excitation applied directly through the cathode is presented in this work. High-speed imaging, pressure field measurements, and overvoltage monitoring were employe...
An method for hydrogen bubble removal through ultrasonic excitation applied directly through the cathode is presented in this work. High-speed imaging, pressure field measurements, and overvoltage monitoring were employed to characterize how cathode vibration in the 100 kHz range influences electrolytic efficiency. Upon the start of the vibration, hydrogen bubbles detached and migrated across the surface, forming distinct spatial patterns corresponding to the electrode's vibrational modes and resembling Chladni figures. The bubble migration is dominated by the primary Bjerknes force arising from acoustic pressure gradients. This is confirmed by the Keller-Miksis model which predicts the observed movement of the bubbles to the pressure nodes. The work demonstrates that electrode vibrations significantly reduced ohmic losses, with overvoltage dropping 20% within 100 ms during a 2 s activation period. The voltage required 7 s to return to initial values after deactivation, indicating that pulsed vibration strategies can achieve superior efficiency compared to continuous running setups.
Extraction strategies integrated with digitalization processes for the characterization of proteins from broad bean and red beetroot waste leaves.
Slavica A, Dukić J, Cezar TM … +8 more , Košpić K, Diminić J, Jukić F, Jurčević M, Čakić Semenčić M, Ostojić S, Sabljak I, Režek Jambrak A
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41881884 · Full text
A real-time monitored Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated ultrasound-assisted extraction laboratory-scale prototype was developed and evaluated as a green and scalable processing platform for the recovery of high-value c...
A real-time monitored Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated ultrasound-assisted extraction laboratory-scale prototype was developed and evaluated as a green and scalable processing platform for the recovery of high-value compounds from food-grade plant by-products. The key novelty of this study lies in the integration of IoT-based process monitoring and control with ultrasound-assisted extraction, enabling reproducible and energy-efficient recovery of proteins and bioactive compounds from plant matrices. Leaves of Vicia faba L. (broad bean) and Beta vulgaris L. (red beetroot), characterized by a protein content exceeding 30% of dry matter, were selected as representative raw materials. Ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction yielded protein-rich extracts with mildly acidic pH values (5.94-6.81) and low electrical conductivity (0.043-4.355 mS/cm), indicating minimal matrix degradation and favourable processing conditions. The extracts contained water-soluble flavonoids, free amino acids, and proteins at concentrations suitable for further food and bioproduct applications. Proteomic profiling by nanoLC-MS/MS revealed the presence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as the dominant chloroplast protein, alongside hundreds of additional water-soluble proteins originating from multiple plant cell compartments, confirming the broad extraction capability of the ultrasound-assisted system. Continuous IoT-based monitoring ensured stable operating conditions and process reproducibility throughout extraction. The results demonstrate that the proposed IoTenabled ultrasound-assisted extraction prototype represents an effective green technology for the valorisation of plant-based by-products and shows strong potential for process optimization and scale-up toward industrial applications.
A comparative study on heterogeneous deacetylation of chitin to chitosan under various ultrasound irradiation and characterization.
Dong W, Mazzara E, Sánchez-Baca A … +5 more , Mondal K, Villamiel M, Babu R, Sun DW, Tiwari BK
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41875790 · Full text
Chitosan, a semi-synthetic polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is a basic polysaccharide widely applied in biomedicine, packaging, and environmental fields. To improve the inefficiency of the conventional h...
Chitosan, a semi-synthetic polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is a basic polysaccharide widely applied in biomedicine, packaging, and environmental fields. To improve the inefficiency of the conventional heterogeneous deacetylation method relying on prolonged heating under alkaline circumstances, ultrasound-assisted approaches, such as low-frequency probe or ultrasound baths, have been explored as a novel technologies. This study innovatively explores various ultrasound systems as alternative strategies to assist rapid and efficient chitin deacetylation. Different ultrasound set-ups were systematically compared under standardized treatments: low-frequency ultrasound probe (US-L), high-frequency ultrasound plate (US-H), and ultrasound-microwave combination reactor (US-MW) with further structure analysis. Results showed that US-H and US-MW successfully achieved effective deacetylation under the bi-functioning of cavitation and heat effect, while US-L exhibited limited deacetylation performance. Further structural and functional characteristics of the chitosan analogues were confirmed through FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA-DSC, and HP-SEC, demonstrating a comparable structure of chitosan analogues obtained by US-H and US-MW to conventional deacetylation (CVN), with deacetylation duration significantly reduced from 3 h to 15 min. This work provides foundational insights into potentially scalable and efficient chitosan production, highlighting the potential of US-H and US-MW in sustainable biopolymer manufacturing.
Optimizing secondary pasteurization induced gel defects of ambient-temperature-storage yogurt: Synergistic effects of low-methoxyl pectin and diffusing/focusing ultrasound.
Zhang S, Niu S, Suo W … +8 more , Hao J, Wu M, Dabbour M, Mintah BK, Dai C, He R, Xu Y, Li H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41875789 · Full text
Ambient-temperature-storage yogurt (ATSY) requires secondary pasteurization for extended shelf life but suffers reduced stability, making the pectin-ultrasound (US) combination promising. Consequently, this study investi...
Ambient-temperature-storage yogurt (ATSY) requires secondary pasteurization for extended shelf life but suffers reduced stability, making the pectin-ultrasound (US) combination promising. Consequently, this study investigated the effects of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) combined with diffusing/focusing ultrasound (DUS/FUS) on the stability and textural properties of ATSY. First, 0.5% LMP was optimized as it maximized water-holding capacity (WHC). The results indicated that the FUS-0.5% LMP treatment increased WHC by 46.71% and improved the apparent viscosity at 50 s by 38.43%. Notably, the combined treatment enhanced texture characteristic, alongside superior sensory acceptability. Furthermore, a significantly inhibition of whey precipitation was demonstrated over a 180-day storage period. Subsequently, the gelation process of ATSY was simulated using acid-induced LMP-casein complex gels to explore the mechanism of the combined treatment. The combined treatments induced the cleavage of disulfide bonds into free thiol groups, increased the β-sheet content (from 49.13 ± 0.41 to 56.24 ± 0.65%), and enhanced the exposure of hydrophobic residues in casein. This resulted in smaller protein aggregates and a significant reduction in particle size (from 44.62 ± 0.98 to 19.54 ± 0.97 μm), thereby forming a denser and more stable gel network. Collectively, these findings provide scientific insights and basis for the application of FUS and LMP to enhance the textural and sensory attributes of ATSY, and offer potential solutions for production of high-quality ATSY products.
Special issue on "Advances of Ultrasound Technology in Biomaterial Assembly and Theranostics".
Cui J, Dai Y, Cheng L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41872007 · Full text
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Stimulation of probiotics by ultrasound pre-treatment and their subsequent incorporation in bread system: A new strategy for bread containing live probiotic.
Zhai J, Lu L, Mi J … +1 more , Zhou W
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41865726 · Full text
This study investigates the potential of ultrasound treatment to enhance the viability and efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) in bread production. Given the increasing consumer demand for probiotic-e...
This study investigates the potential of ultrasound treatment to enhance the viability and efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) in bread production. Given the increasing consumer demand for probiotic-enriched foods, bread represents a promising vehicle for these beneficial microorganisms. Nevertheless, the high temperatures involved in traditional baking processes significantly reduce probiotic cell viability, limiting the functional effectiveness of probiotic-enriched breads. High-intensity ultrasound (HIU) has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance probiotic viability and stimulate microbial metabolic pathways, thus potentially improving probiotic performance throughout bread fermentation and baking processes. Results indicated that certain controlled ultrasound treatments promoted L. paracasei growth and metabolic activity. Specifically, treatments at lower power did not affect the immediate viability of the cells, while higher power caused a significant reduction. However, after recovery incubation, certain treated groups exhibited improved growth, indicating that specific ultrasound parameters could foster cell growth and propagation. During bread proofing, ultrasound-treated probiotics showed a slight but significant increase in cell growth. In the baking phase, while the overall viability of L. paracasei decreased, ultrasound-treated cells demonstrated enhanced heat resistance. Furthermore, the addition of L. paracasei in the dough positively impacted dough height, stability, and gas retention. Bread with added L. paracasei, both treated and untreated, revealed improvements in texture, specific volume, moisture content, and pH. In conclusion, carefully optimised ultrasound pre-treatment demonstrates substantial potential for improving probiotic-related viability and processing performance within bread systems. Further research is needed to optimise ultrasound parameters and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the protective effects observed during bread processing.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization of Fructus Tribuli polysaccharides: How stir-frying processing alters structures and enhances antihypertensive efficacy.
Wang S, Sun H, Lv X … +4 more , Li J, Du D, Guo F, Zhang C
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41865725 · Full text
Fructus Tribuli (FT), the dried ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris L., is recognized for its antihypertensive properties, which are enhanced by stir-frying without adjuvants. However, research on its polysaccharides with...
Fructus Tribuli (FT), the dried ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris L., is recognized for its antihypertensive properties, which are enhanced by stir-frying without adjuvants. However, research on its polysaccharides with therapeutic potential remains limited. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of FT polysaccharides (FP) using response surface methodology, yielding a maximum extraction yield of 2.182 ± 0.29% under the conditions of liquid-solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, 51 min, 62 °C, and precipitation ethanol concentration of 95%. Subsequently, FP and stir-fried FT polysaccharides (SFP) were isolated, and their structural differences and antihypertensive effects were systematically compared. Structural analysis revealed notable differences between FP and SFP. Furthermore, the extraction resulted in a higher polysaccharide yield for SFP. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, both FP and SFP attenuated hypertension and vascular injury, modulated gut microbiota, increased short-chain fatty acids, and enhanced intestinal barrier function effects that were more pronounced with SFP. Mechanistically, both polysaccharides inhibited the aortic TLR4/MyD88 pathway. These results suggest that stir-frying modifies polysaccharide structure, thereby improving gut microbiome regulation, barrier protection, and vascular outcomes, highlighting the value of processing in enhancing polysaccharide efficacy. Thus, stir-frying amplifies therapeutic effects through bioactive macromolecular remodeling, advancing the understanding of Traditional Chinese medicine processing principles.
Towards the design of energy-efficient bubble clusters and operation strategies for process control in sonochemical reactors.
Kubicsek F, Molnár S, Nagy D … +1 more , Hegedűs F
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41865724 · Full text
Energy efficiency and process control are critical challenges in scaling sonochemical applications. To address this, we introduce a numerical optimisation framework focused on designing pre-seeded bubble clusters driven...
Energy efficiency and process control are critical challenges in scaling sonochemical applications. To address this, we introduce a numerical optimisation framework focused on designing pre-seeded bubble clusters driven by impulse ultrasound to minimise energy consumption. The methodology efficiently handles the large parameter space (bubble sizes) by combining fast, reduced-order modelling of spherical bubbles and chemical kinetics with expensive multi-phase hydrodynamic simulations (ALPACA). The technique is demonstrated on two test cases: ammonia (NH) and hydrogen (H) synthesis, to analyse the effects of different reaction mechanisms. In both cases, the optimal size distribution of a chain of 16 bubbles is found with as few as three multi-phase flow simulations.
RSM-GA-BP optimization of Ultrasound-Enzyme-Assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UEADESE) for flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) leaves and mechanistic insights.
Yang S, Bian Y, Cai M … +5 more , Zhang F, Shen J, Yang X, Gao Y, Qiu Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41865723 · Full text
This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UEADESE) Abelmoschus manihot (L.) leaves flavonoids (AMLF) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Screening of extraction pa...
This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UEADESE) Abelmoschus manihot (L.) leaves flavonoids (AMLF) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Screening of extraction parameters was first performed via single-factor experiments, followed by optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). A back-propagation (BP) neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA) was constructed to compare its predictive performance with that of RSM. Under the optimal extraction conditions determined as follows: molar ratio of choline chloride to 1,4-butanediol (1:6), 30% water content, 2.4% (w/w) cellulase-xylanase (total enzyme concentration), a mass ratio of cellulase and xylanase 1:3 (w/w), 1:50 (g/mL) solid-liquid ratio, 44 min ultrasonic treatment time, 180 W ultrasonic power, the maximum total flavonoid extraction yield was achieved at 37.54 mg/g. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that flavonoids were anchored within DES nano-clusters via a persistent hydrogen-bond network, which enhanced solubility while inhibiting thermal degradation of redox-active hydroxyl/glycosidic moieties. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis confirmed that the formation of hydrogen bonds between deep eutectic solvent (DES) and flavonoids contributed to a marked enhancement in extraction efficiency. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and total reducing power) demonstrated that UEADESE extracts exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than conventional solvent extracts. These findings validate UEADESE as a sustainable and effective method for efficiently extracting AMLF while preserving its antioxidant activity, thereby laying a scientific foundation for its potential application in functional food development.
Water kefir grain polysaccharides: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction optimization, structural characterization, bioactivities, and application in goat yogurt.
Zhang W, Shu G, Zhang Z … +6 more , Li T, Lei H, Xue H, Wang Z, Yao X, Li G
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41863964 · Full text
Polysaccharides from water kefir grains (WG) are functional, food-safe, and potential novel materials for functional food development. This study focused on the extraction process, structural characteristics, and in vitr...
Polysaccharides from water kefir grains (WG) are functional, food-safe, and potential novel materials for functional food development. This study focused on the extraction process, structural characteristics, and in vitro biological activities of polysaccharides from WG (WPU), as well as the effects of WPU on goat yogurt (GY). WPU was optimally extracted from WG via ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE) under the conditions: 340 W (ultrasonic power), 42 min (ultrasonic time), 20 mL/g (liquid-to-solid ratio), and 80 °C (ultrasonic temperature), achieving a high yield of 27.64%. The monosaccharide composition of WPU-4 (the main purified fraction) was glucose (96.59 mol%), arabinose (0.23 mol%), galactose (0.66 mol%), and mannose (2.52 mol%). Its backbone was predominantly composed of 6-Glcp. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that WPU-4 exhibited a sheet-like structure, with an uneven and loose porous network on its surface and a honeycomb-like morphology in its interior. In vitro assays showed WPU had superior antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared to purified fractions. Adding 1.0 mg/mL WPU to GY enhanced its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic activities. This research provides an efficient WPU extraction method and confirms bioactivity potential, offering technical support for WPU industrial applications as functional ingredients in foods and pharmaceuticals.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, purification, identification, and bioactivity evaluation of phlorotannins from Sargassum fusiforme: A comparative study of RSM and SVM-GA.
He W, Kong Q, Li H … +8 more , Wu Y, Huang R, Yu L, Shen S, Xu C, Han Y, Ai Y, Jiang J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41863963 · Full text
Sargassum fusiforme is a medicinal and edible species present in China, Korea, and Japan, and its phlorotannins are considered valuable bioactive components. Response surface methodology (RSM) and a support vector machin...
Sargassum fusiforme is a medicinal and edible species present in China, Korea, and Japan, and its phlorotannins are considered valuable bioactive components. Response surface methodology (RSM) and a support vector machine integrated with a genetic algorithm (SVM-GA) were used in this study to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of S. fusiforme phlorotannins (SFP), to compare its efficiency with convenient water bath extraction and ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction, and to conduct pilot-scale experiments. Furthermore, this study explored the effect of ultrasound treatment on the adsorption and desorption efficiency of SFP using macroporous resins. The findings indicated that the optimization performance of the SVM-GA model was superior to that of RSM, and the following optimal UAE conditions were identified: 75 min extraction time, 70 ℃ extraction temperature, 20 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 30% ethanol concentration, and 320 W ultrasonic power. Under these conditions, a total phlorotannin content of 0.52 ± 0.021 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g and a total phenolic content of 3.42 ± 0.071 mg gallic acid equivalents/g were obtained. Macroporous adsorption resin purification experiments revealed that HPD600 was one of the most effective resins for SFP purification. At the selected ultrasonic intensity of 65 W, ultrasound enhanced the adsorption and desorption capacities of SFP on HPD600 resin owing to increased hydrogen bond formation on the resin surface and surface roughness. Furthermore, the adsorption of SFP could be well described using the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich model. Conventional shaking-assisted HPD600-purified sample (SFP-SA) and ultrasonic-assisted HPD600-purified sample (SFP-UA) were selected to investigate the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory activities. In addition, a total of 8 types of phlorotannin tentatively identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). This method is expected to be effective for extracting and purifying SFP, and the findings highlight its promising antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties, suggesting broad applications across the functional food industry.
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and physicochemical properties of starch: An updated review.
Bei N, Song Z, Shen Y … +3 more , Liu G, Dong F, Liu X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 May · PMID 41863962 · Full text
This review systematically summarizes the effects of ultrasound on the multi-scale structure and physicochemical properties of starch. Ultrasonic treatment can affect the fine structure, short-range and long-range ordere...
This review systematically summarizes the effects of ultrasound on the multi-scale structure and physicochemical properties of starch. Ultrasonic treatment can affect the fine structure, short-range and long-range ordered structures and granule structure of starch through mechanical forces, cavitation effects and accompanying thermal effects. These structure alterations collectively lead to significant changes in starch hydration behavior, pasting viscosity, thermal properties, rheological characteristics and in vitro digestibility. The extent of these effects is highly dependent on ultrasonic parameters including ultrasonic power, treatment time and temperature, as well as the combination of ultrasound with other modification methods (such as microwave processing, pullulanase treatment and alkaline modification). However, the lack of standardized ultrasonic parameters setting has limited the ability to obtain consistent and comparable conclusions. Therefore, the concept of "equivalent cavitation dose (ECD)" was innovatively introduced in this review, which was a quantitative framework integrating ultrasonic power, duty cycle, treatment duration, system temperature and medium physicochemical properties. This concept provides a reference for parameters standardization setting to achieve a more in-depth comparison among different studies. Overall, this review provides a theoretical basis for optimizing ultrasonic modification of starch, guiding the development of starch with tailored structures and functionalities to expand its application in the starch industry.
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