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Prevalence of tobacco smoking and provision of tobacco treatment in an innovative low-threshold substance use disorder bridge clinic.
Streck JM, Regan S, McGovern S … +5 more , Reyen M, Sterling-Maisel C, Applewhite D, Kane M, Wakeman S
Prev Med · 2025 Dec · PMID 40441311 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Substance use disorder Bridge Clinics have been established across the country to increase access to addiction treatment and remove barriers to care. Bridge Clinics are innovative low-threshold treatment model...
OBJECTIVE: Substance use disorder Bridge Clinics have been established across the country to increase access to addiction treatment and remove barriers to care. Bridge Clinics are innovative low-threshold treatment models designed to provide rapid access to addiction treatment and harm reduction services. It is not clear how tobacco use, or treatment, is handled in BCs and no work has characterized smoking prevalence nor provision of treatment services in this setting. METHODS: We used health record data during Bridge Clinic encounters at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts from 2019 to 2023 (N = 1592 unique patients) to examine cigarette smoking prevalence, provision of tobacco treatment within our healthcare system, and subsequent quitting 12 months after the initial encounter. RESULTS: At the initial Bridge encounter, 66 % of patients were currently smoking tobacco, with the highest prevalence observed among those with any stimulant use disorder (80 %). Stimulant use disorder combined with opioid and alcohol use disorder was the combination with the highest smoking prevalence (84 %). Smoking prevalence increased with the number of substance diagnoses (OR: 1.36 per disorder; 95 % CI: 1.25-1.49). 60 days following the initial Bridge encounter, 18 % of patients received either nicotine replacement or varenicline. At 12-month follow-up, 9 % of patients with a documented quit status had quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals seen for addiction treatment at a low-threshold Bridge Clinic, a population at high risk for overdose, are engaging with tobacco treatment. Provision of tobacco treatment is lower than what is observed in the general population and providers should increase evidence-based tobacco treatment provision.
Parental experiences of primary health professional support with child health behaviours and growth: a scoping review.
House ET, Baur LA, Cheng H … +6 more , Denney-Wilson E, Dutch D, Jawad D, Rosewarne E, Taki S, Wen LM
Prev Med · 2025 Aug · PMID 40419096 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This review examined the experiences of parents/carers of 0-5-year-olds engaging with primary health professionals (PHPs) regarding child growth or associated health behaviours (nutrition, physical activity,...
OBJECTIVES: This review examined the experiences of parents/carers of 0-5-year-olds engaging with primary health professionals (PHPs) regarding child growth or associated health behaviours (nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep). METHODS: Six databases - MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Maternity and Infant Care Database, and PsycINFO - were searched. Eligible studies described parent-reported experiences engaging with PHPs, in both clinician- and parent-initiated interactions, regarding child growth or health behaviours in primary healthcare settings, published between 2003 and 2023. Data was synthesised using a convergent integrated approach, with barriers and facilitators to engagement mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation model of behaviour. RESULTS: Eighty-seven papers (85 studies) were included, mostly conducted in the United States of America (n = 17), United Kingdom (n = 15) or Australia (n = 10). Most studies were qualitative (n = 50) and reported experiences of discussing feeding and nutrition (n = 75), with few exploring physical activity (n = 5), sedentary behaviour (n = 4), and sleep (n = 7). Barriers to discussing growth and health behaviours with PHPs included receiving ambiguous or conflicting advice; difficulty accessing services; and insufficient appointment time. Facilitators included personalised, timely, evidence-based advice, supported by appropriate resources, and delivered empathetically and without judgement. Studies reported positive (n = 25), moderate (n = 4), negative (n = 10), and variable (n = 34) levels of satisfaction with PHP support. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights that PHPs frequently advise parents regarding child growth and health behaviours, particularly nutrition, in the early years. Improved PHP support may be facilitated using tools and professional development to support a consistent early childhood health promotion approach.
International Papillomavirus Society policy statement on human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening for women living with HIV.
McClymont E, de Sanjosé S, Garland SM … +2 more , Moscicki AB, IPVS Policy Committee
Prev Med · 2025 Aug · PMID 40419095 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are among those at highest risk for cervical cancer development, thereby making this a key population for primary and secondary prevention. Human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acid...
OBJECTIVES: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are among those at highest risk for cervical cancer development, thereby making this a key population for primary and secondary prevention. Human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) tests, which have been clinically validated, are supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the preferred method for cervical screening for all women, although HPV DNA is preferred in WLWH until further evidence demonstrates that HPV RNA is equivalent. We sought to describe current guidelines for HPV-based cervical cancer screening for WLWH. METHODS: This paper outlines current recommendations and the state of knowledge regarding HPV-based cervical cancer screening for WLWH. RESULTS: Current recommendations and the state of knowledge have been subdivided into the following topics: cervical screening and triage; treatment; additional considerations; and challenges and opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: The International Papillomavirus Society supports the WHO recommendations regarding HPV-based screening for all women, including WLWH. As data to support best practices in WLWH are limited, we strongly encourage continued research into this important topic.
Accelerometer-measured chronoactivity and type 2 diabetes risk: A prospective study in UK Biobank participants.
Feng Q, Albalak G, van Dijk KW … +4 more , van der Velde JHPM, Xiao Q, Noordam R, van Heemst D
Prev Med · 2025 Aug · PMID 40409465 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether timing of physical activity, independent from the total activity amount, - which we refer to as chronoactivity - is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. METHODS: We included UK Bioba...
OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether timing of physical activity, independent from the total activity amount, - which we refer to as chronoactivity - is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. METHODS: We included UK Biobank participants with valid accelerometry data (UK, exposure measurement: 2013-2015, follow-up till November 2023) and without diabetes mellitus at baseline (N = 89,439; mean age: 61.7 [SD:7.9] years). Relative hourly physical activity was calculated by dividing the average hourly clock time physical activity by the average hourly physical activity in a week. Participants were categorized into different chronoactivity clusters using k-means cluster analysis on relative hourly physical activity. We used multivariable-adjusted cox-proportional hazard regressions to examine associations between relative hourly physical activity, chronoactivity clusters and T2D, adjusted for potential confounders, including BMI as a potential mediator. RESULTS: Over 7.8 (interquartile range: 7.2 to 8.3) years of follow-up, 2240 participants developed T2D. Higher relative hourly activity amounts during late morning (8:00-10:59) and late afternoon (15:00-15:59, 17:00-17:59) were associated with approximately 5 %-10 % lower T2D risk. Four clusters of chronoactivity patterns were identified, notably: midday (reference), early morning peak, late morning peak, and evening peak. Compared with participants exhibiting a midday pattern, those with a late morning peak had a lower T2D risk (Hazards Ratio: 0.88, 95 %CI: 0.79, 0.98). Overall, all observations attenuated after additional BMI adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Independent of the total amount of physical activity, specific timing of physical activity represents an additional dimension in T2D risk.
The impact of occupational noise exposure and daily headphone use on hearing loss among petroleum workers.
Wang N, Zhang S, Zhang H … +4 more , Li Z, Wang G, Zheng Z, Wu J
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40379033 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the impact of occupational noise exposure and daily headphone use on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in petroleum workers. METHODS: The study included 2092 workers from a Chinese petroleu...
OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the impact of occupational noise exposure and daily headphone use on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in petroleum workers. METHODS: The study included 2092 workers from a Chinese petroleum enterprise. Occupational health examinations and baseline questionnaires were conducted from 2017 to 2018, with annual follow-ups from 2019 to 2024. The daily headphone use score (DHUS) was constructed using the XGBOOST+SHAP model. Associations between cumulative noise exposure (CNE), DHUS, and NIHL were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards and restricted cubic spline regression, with sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The incidence of NIHL among petroleum workers was 24.0 %. After adjusting for confounders, CNE and DHUS were positively associated with the risk of NIHL. The HR (95 % CI) for CNE < 80, 80~, 85~, 90~, and ≥ 95 dB·years were 1.47 (1.09, 1.98), 1.49 (1.13, 1.96), 1.66 (1.26, 2.20), 1.75 (1.36, 2.27), and 1.85 (1.43, 2.41), respectively. For DHUS <31.9, 31.9~, 52.9~, and ≥ 73.0, the HR (95 % CI) were 1.54 (1.08, 2.19), 1.94 (1.42, 2.65), 2.11 (1.51, 2.96), and 2.48 (1.78, 3.47). Additionally, we found non-linear relationships between CNE, DHUS, and NIHL (P was 0.003 and 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: As CNE and DHUS rise, the risk of NIHL among petroleum workers increases. Therefore, individuals exposed to occupational noise should reduce improper headphone use in daily life to help lower the risk of NIHL and improve the health of petroleum workers.
The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States.
Cioe PA, Lechner WV, Stang GS … +4 more , Kahler CW, Tashima KT, Eissenberg T, Tidey JW
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40379032 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized res...
OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized research electronic cigarette (SREC) on smoking behaviors and inflammatory biomarkers in PWH. METHODS: Thirty-five participants in the United States were enrolled from April 2022 to January 2024 (Mean age 54.4 [13.2] years, 30.1 % female, 62.9 % White) and randomized to SREC provision (n = 17) or usual brand control (n = 18). SREC participants were asked to substitute tobacco-flavor pod-type SRECs for their combustible cigarettes. SREC use and cigarette use were assessed weekly for 6 weeks. Serum inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline and week 6. RESULTS: The effect of condition on cigarettes per day (CPD) during the 6-week period was significant, B = -5.68, 95 % CI = -10.25, -1.11: CPD were reduced by 42.7 % in the SREC condition versus 17.3 % in the control condition. Participants in the SREC condition reported significantly lower urge to smoke at week 6 compared to those in control, (B = -17.05, 95 % CI = -27.15, -6.95). One (5.9 %) participant reported that they transitioned completely from CCs to SREC at week 6. Significant decreases in inflammatory biomarkers were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Participants who were provided the SREC, compared to those in the control condition, smoked fewer CPD and had reduced urge to smoke. However, dual use was the most common outcome, indicating that additional support may be needed to improve the likelihood of complete transition from CCs to noncombustible products.
Sociodemographic predictors of missed and delayed health care among older Australians during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the 45 and up COVID Insights study.
McLaren S, Irwin P, Micalos P … +4 more , Seaman CE, McDonald S, Wong A, Fealy S
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40368149 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately disrupted healthcare access for vulnerable populations, including older adults. This study examines sociodemographic predictors of missed or delayed care (MDC) among A...
OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately disrupted healthcare access for vulnerable populations, including older adults. This study examines sociodemographic predictors of missed or delayed care (MDC) among Australians aged ≥65 years across three pandemic time points (July-December 2020, June-August 2021, and March 2022). METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional design was employed. Data were sourced from The 45 and Up COVID Insights study. Logistic regression analysed predictors of MDC, with sociodemographic variables including chronic conditions, psychological distress, cultural and linguistic diversity (CALD), disability status, gender, socioeconomic disadvantage, and geographic remoteness, included for analysis. RESULTS: Three temporal patterns of MDC were identified: 1) Consistent MDC (i.e., those with ≥2 chronic conditions, higher psychological distress), 2) Early MDC (i.e., women, CALD, with disability, a carer, lived alone), and 3) Late MDC (i.e., men, older age, living in outer regional/rural/remote areas, most socioeconomically disadvantaged). CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the need for targeted policy responses to address persistent and emerging disparities in healthcare access among older adults, particularly for those with chronic illness, psychological distress, and those facing geographic or socioeconomic disadvantage.
A scoping review of pediatric healthcare provider HPV vaccine communication trainings and implementation outcomes: A critical analysis and recommendations for improvement.
Blackburn C, Steller A, Meisman A … +2 more , Real FJ, Rosen BL
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40360124 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: While training providers to use high-quality human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendations increases vaccine rates, there is limited synthesized data on implementation outcomes and how these trainings cha...
OBJECTIVE: While training providers to use high-quality human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendations increases vaccine rates, there is limited synthesized data on implementation outcomes and how these trainings change providers' practices. Such information is needed to provide direction for improving trainings. Therefore, the aim was to systematically analyze scientific literature assessing the use of implementation outcomes and behavior change theories to evaluate communication trainings designed to enhance HPV vaccine recommendation skills. METHODS: Five databases were searched, identifying 6194 titles and abstracts published between November 2013 and November 2023. Full-text screening yielded 17 articles meeting inclusion criteria (pediatric providers completing HPV vaccine communication training assessing ≥one implementation outcome). We extracted: training methods, use of theory, and implementation outcomes. RESULTS: Nearly all studies (n = 15) analyzed results at the clinic-level, while 14 studies also assessed provider-level outcomes. Of the clinic-level implementation outcomes, penetration (n = 12) was the most reported outcome, followed by adoption (n = 4) and cost (n = 4). Acceptability (n = 10), adoption (n = 8), appropriateness (n = 8) and feasibility (n = 7) were most reported provider-level outcomes. Four articles explicitly used theory and 12 articles assessed discrete theoretical constructs. CONCLUSIONS: While clinic-level penetration, adoption, and costs were the most reported outcomes, fidelity was underreported, limiting accuracy of determining the trainings' effectiveness. For provider-level outcomes, training acceptability was high but had varying feasibility rates. Further, there was limited theory-driven evaluations and limited mechanisms of change to improve trainings and increase HPV vaccine uptake. Future studies should measure fidelity, determine the disconnect between acceptability and feasibility rates, and include theory-driven evaluations.
Predicting cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: A supervised machine learning approach.
Ye X, Wang X, Wang Y … +1 more , Lin H
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40349986 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Identifying cognitive impairment early enough could support timely intervention of cognitive impairment and facilitate successful cognitive aging. We aimed to build more precise prediction models for cognitive...
OBJECTIVE: Identifying cognitive impairment early enough could support timely intervention of cognitive impairment and facilitate successful cognitive aging. We aimed to build more precise prediction models for cognitive function using less variable input among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: We used data from a prospective cohort of 13,906 older adults aged 60 years and above from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2020. The Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC) and gradient boosting regressor (GBR) models were used to predict an individual's current cognitive function. For future cognition prediction, we trained GBR models to analyze the prediction error over the years. RESULTS: Among 68 features, ten features were finally selected to develop the model: education attainment, childhood friendship, age, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), hukou type, mobility, sleep duration, gender, residence, and social participation. Our model exhibited robust performance in predicting current and future cognitive function. When an individual's current cognitive function was assessed as a dichotomous classification of cognitive impairment presence, the GBC model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 0.832. When the outcome was forecasted as a continuous variable, the model achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) loss of 3.356 in the test set. For predicting future cognition, models taking into account the current cognitive state demonstrated superior performance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a practical tool to aid in the early identification of cognitive impairment, thus supporting timely interventions in the community environment and potentially contributing to successful cognitive aging.
Participation in community gathering places and loss of independence among older adults with and without mild disability in Habikino City, Japan: A four-year longitudinal study.
Uemura K, Kamitani T, Nagai K … +3 more , Ueda T, Kuzuya M, Yamada M
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40348707 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Loss of independence (LOI) significantly affects quality of life and increases societal costs. Community gathering places supported by local governments aim to prevent LOI. However, evidence of their effective...
OBJECTIVE: Loss of independence (LOI) significantly affects quality of life and increases societal costs. Community gathering places supported by local governments aim to prevent LOI. However, evidence of their effectiveness among older adults with mild disability is limited. We investigated whether participation in community gathering places reduces the risk of LOI among older adults, including those with mild disability. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Public Survey of Long-Term Care Prevention in Habikino City, Japan. The study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2024 and included 1961 adults aged ≥65 years without care needs. Participation in community gathering places was assessed at baseline, and LOI (new certification of need for long-term care, or death) was followed for four years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for demographics and health conditions. We also performed a subgroup analysis to assess the potential effect modification of mild disability (support levels 1-2 under Japan's Long-Term Care Insurance system). RESULTS: Participants in community gathering places had a significantly lower risk of LOI than non-participants (adjusted HR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.36 0.90). Subgroup analyses showed that older adults with mild disability benefited similarly, with no effect modification (P for interaction = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Participation in community gathering places appeared to reduce the risk of LOI across different functional levels. These findings support initiatives to promote such environments and emphasize the role of social engagement in aging policies.
Are recent decreases in adult obesity trends in the United States encouraging or alarming?
Peiper NC, Vanzhula IA, Levinson CA
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40334816 · Full text
From 2022 to 2023, there was a slight decrease in the prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States. While the reduced prevalence of obesity may be accompanied with certain public health benefits, including in...
From 2022 to 2023, there was a slight decrease in the prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States. While the reduced prevalence of obesity may be accompanied with certain public health benefits, including in the South that has a longstanding history of preventable morbidity and mortality driven by adverse social determinants of health, these trends have coincided with the increased use of body mass index (BMI) in medical assessments as well as the rapid ascension of weight loss interventions and medications focused on short-term weight loss. This commentary summarizes the rationale for interpreting these trends with caution, including three recommendations for research and practice. The first recommendation focuses on shifting from body composition to cardiometabolic health, including transitioning from BMI to more robust diagnostic systems that incorporate a variety of cardiovascular, metabolic, anthropometric, and genetic factors into medical assessments and risk classification (e.g., cardiometabolic index). The second recommendation reconsiders weight loss as a clinical outcome by emphasizing gradual lifestyle changes over rapid transformations through personalized and systems interventions. The third recommendation focuses on increasing pharmacovigilance of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist drugs for estimates of misuse and adverse outcomes, especially among high-risk patient populations like eating disorders. The commentary concludes with a synopsis of strategies for each recommendation with the ultimate goal of preventing population-level harms and unintended consequences.
Support staff distribution in K-12 US schools that experience shootings: A matched analysis.
Hullenaar KL, Rivara F, Bruns EJ
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40328410 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence and rates of school police officers, security guards, nurses, psychologists, social workers, and counselors between US K-12 schools that did and did not experience shooting incidents. M...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence and rates of school police officers, security guards, nurses, psychologists, social workers, and counselors between US K-12 schools that did and did not experience shooting incidents. METHODS: School shootings were defined as any discharge of a live firearm round on school grounds, as documented by the press and recorded by the Everytown for Gun Safety between 2017 and 2019. Using Civil Rights Data Collection (2017-2018), we compared staffing patterns between 200 schools that experienced shootings and 86,079 schools without incidents during 2017-2019. Propensity score matching using 32 school-, district-, and community-level covariates yielded analytical samples of 180 shooting-affected schools and 11,063 matched controls. We examined the prevalence and per-1000-student rates of school police officers, security guards, nurses, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. RESULTS: The 180 schools that experienced shootings showed higher prevalence of school police officers compared to matched controls (50.6 % vs 41.8 %; difference: 8.8 percentage points [95 % CI, 1.6-15.9]). However, these schools had significantly lower rates per 1000 students of nurses (1.37 vs 1.88; difference: -0.50 [-0.95 to -0.06]), psychologists (0.81 vs 1.44; difference: -0.63 [-0.98 to -0.28]), and counselors (2.94 vs 3.71; difference: -0.77 [-1.25 to -0.29]). These patterns remained consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Schools that experienced shootings demonstrated lower rates of health and mental health staff but higher law enforcement presence compared to matched control schools. These findings suggest the need for increased investment in mental health resources and reevaluation of current school safety approaches.
Dollar stores as food retailers in the United States: A scoping review.
Feng W, Barry N, Mazure M … +3 more , Page ET, Blumenthal C, Cash SB
Prev Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40324637 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the role of dollar stores as food retailers in the United States and to identify gaps in existing research regarding dollar stores' impact on food access and healthy eating. METHODS:...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the role of dollar stores as food retailers in the United States and to identify gaps in existing research regarding dollar stores' impact on food access and healthy eating. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, this study reviewed PubMed, Web of Science, EconLit, Scopus, and AgEcon databases to identify research on dollar stores, capturing literature from May 2009 to October 4th, 2023. Only peer-reviewed U.S.-based articles were included. RESULTS: Few studies focused on dollar stores alone until recently. Dollar stores were often grouped together with other small storefronts. We identified 63 articles that describe dollar stores' role as food retailers. The literature pertaining to dollar stores as food retailers shifted, with the focus shifted from product offerings in the early 2010s to the business landscape recently. The business landscape theme covered the widest array of topics, while the consumer behavior theme comprised the largest number of published studies (~40 %). The most consistent results were found in the product offerings theme, as studies overwhelmingly found that foods offered in dollar stores were less healthy. The health outcome theme had the fewest number of studies, and these findings were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: Dollar stores are becoming key players in the U.S. foodscape but remain limited in the availability of healthy food choices, particularly fresh produce. The evidence space of dollar stores and food access is still evolving. Further research is needed to inform public health action.
The impact of news photographs on drug-related stigma: A randomized message testing experiment in a National Sample of US Adults.
Hom JK, Heley K, Bandara S … +1 more , Kennedy-Hendricks A
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40311941 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of drug-related news photographs on public attitudes toward people who use drugs. METHODS: In this survey-embedded randomized experiment, conducted among a national sample of US adults be...
OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of drug-related news photographs on public attitudes toward people who use drugs. METHODS: In this survey-embedded randomized experiment, conducted among a national sample of US adults between March and April 2024, participants were randomized to one of eight experimental groups and exposed to a drug-related photo (featuring a person injecting drugs, being revived from an overdose, receiving treatment or in recovery, or a family member of an overdose decedent) or a no-exposure control group. Logistic regression models assessed differences in stigma, emotions, and support for substance use disorder (SUD) services between each experimental group and the control group. RESULTS: Among 3461 participants, the mean age was 49 years and 51.3 % were female. Most participants (63.8 %) were non-Hispanic white, 11.3 % were non-Hispanic Black, 17.1 % were Hispanic, and 7.7 % reported another race/ethnicity. Compared to the control group, participants exposed to a photo of a person in recovery from SUD had an 8.9 percentage point (95 % CI 2.9, 14.9) greater probability of being willing to work closely with a person with SUD, with similar estimates for other stigma measures. Participants exposed to a photo of a person injecting drugs had a 14.1 percentage point (95 % CI 7.7, 20.5) greater probability of expressing disgust, with a similar estimate for pity. No photo was associated with significantly greater support for services. CONCLUSIONS: Photos published by news media shape public attitudes; images of individuals recovery have the potential to counteract negative stereotypes about people with SUD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: govNCT06743178.
Social network characteristics and type 2 diabetes self-management among Black/African American men: A cross-sectional analysis of support quality and communication patterns.
Prochnow T, Patterson MS, Park JH … +2 more , Sherman LD, Smith ML
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40286938 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Social networks and social support are critically important for Black/African American men managing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to examine how social network characteristics are associated with T2D...
OBJECTIVE: Social networks and social support are critically important for Black/African American men managing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to examine how social network characteristics are associated with T2D self-management among Black/African American men. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from Black/African American men with T2D (n = 1225) from February to June 2024. Network composition included percentages of spouses, children, parents, siblings, friends, extended family, and healthcare providers. Network interaction measures included communication frequency, support quality, and perceptions of network members' health behaviors. Self-care activities were measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities scale across diet, physical activity, blood sugar testing, and foot care domains. Multiple regression analyses examined associations between network characteristics and each self-management domain while controlling for demographics. RESULTS: Diabetes-specific communication frequency was consistently positively associated with all self-care activities (β from 0.09 to 0.18,p < .05). Having very supportive network members was positively associated with diet (β = 0.17,p < .01) and physical activity (β = 0.20,p < .01), though mean social network support showed negative associations with these behaviors (β = -0.13,p = .03; β = -0.14,p = .03). Higher percentages of children were associated with better dietary behaviors (β = 0.06,p = .04), while having spouses (β = 0.06,p = .04), friends (β = 0.06,p = .03), and siblings (β = 0.06,p = .04) was associated with better foot care. CONCLUSIONS: The quality and content of network interactions appear more important than network size for T2D self-management among Black/African American men. Interventions should focus on fostering quality, disease-specific support rather than expanding social networks. Future programs should leverage existing relationships while considering how different network members influence specific aspects of diabetes management.
Associations between state tobacco control measures and cigarette purchases by U.S. households, 2015-2021.
Chakraborty R, Li Y, Wang Y … +4 more , Berg C, Zhang S, Bernat D, Yang YT
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40239897 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: While effects of key tobacco control policies are well-documented, limited research has explored their varying associations across different policy contexts over time. This is crucial given the diverse and evo...
OBJECTIVE: While effects of key tobacco control policies are well-documented, limited research has explored their varying associations across different policy contexts over time. This is crucial given the diverse and evolving tobacco control contexts across states and over time. We evaluated the association between state-level tobacco control measures and cigarette purchases in the US from 2015 to 2021. METHODS: We analyzed NielsenIQ Consumer Panel data from 10,187 households that purchased cigarettes in 2015-2021. State-level tobacco control policy scores for smoke-free laws, taxes, prevention/control funding, and cessation services were obtained from the American Lung Association's State of Tobacco Control reports. Censored regression models, reporting adjusted beta estimates and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), estimated the associations between each tobacco control measure and annual household cigarette purchases, adjusting for sociodemographics (household composition, marital status, age, education, race/ethnicity, annual income, and internet connection) and accounting for clustering within households and states. RESULTS: Higher scores for smoke-free laws (adjusted beta = -1.00, 95 % CI = -1.73, -0.27), taxes (adjusted beta = -1.23, 95 % CI = -1.88, -0.58), and prevention/control funding (adjusted beta = -0.22, 95 % CI = -0.38, -0.06) were associated with fewer cigarette purchases over time. In the model considering all four measures together, higher tax score was associated with fewer cigarette purchases over time (adjusted beta = -0.96, 95 % CI = -1.73, -0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Smoke-free laws, taxation, and prevention/control funding play critical roles in lowering cigarette purchases, while access to cessation services alone may not drive behavioral change. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive tobacco control efforts and renewed policy action to curb cigarette use.
Effectiveness of suicide postvention service models and guidelines 2014-2024: A scoping review.
Ramamurthy C, Fraser T, Krysinska K … +5 more , Hawgood J, Kõlves K, Reifels L, Reavley N, Andriessen K
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40220932 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Effective suicide postvention services provide immediate and ongoing support for suicide loss survivors. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed and grey literature exploring which suicide postvention service mo...
OBJECTIVE: Effective suicide postvention services provide immediate and ongoing support for suicide loss survivors. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed and grey literature exploring which suicide postvention service models have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing distress and supporting recovery in families, friends, and communities impacted by suicide. METHODS: The scoping review adhered to the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We conducted searches in five databases which included MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, EBM Reviews, and Web of Science for peer reviewed studies and through Google search for grey literature. RESULTS: We identified 19 peer-reviewed studies and 14 guidelines (2014-2024) from the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe, which varied in measures, settings, and populations but lacked quality and generalizability. Guidelines based on theoretical models, particularly the public health model, aligned postvention with addressing the diverse needs of suicide loss survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The review identified potentially effective postvention components, such as the use of trained volunteers in support and therapy groups, workplace training programs and arts-based interventions, which could benefit those bereaved by suicide in Australia.
Psychological distress as a risk factor for incident cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity in the population-based Tromsø Study in Norway.
Caglayan S, Grønli OK, Høye A
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40216029 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: It is unclear whether psychological distress is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity. This cohort study investigated the relationship of psychological distress with inciden...
OBJECTIVE: It is unclear whether psychological distress is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity. This cohort study investigated the relationship of psychological distress with incident cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity. METHODS: All individuals who participated in the sixth survey of the Tromsø Study, conducted in Norway in 2007-2008, and completed the 10-item version of Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) were included. In total, 5264 individuals who had no cardiometabolic diseases, i.e. atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, at baseline, and participated in the seventh survey (2015-2016) were included in the final study population. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess association of HSCL-10 score and clinically relevant psychological distress (HSCL-10 ≥ 1.85) with cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity. RESULTS: At baseline, 325 (6.2%) individuals had psychological distress. Psychological distress was negatively correlated with higher education, exercise frequency, and systolic blood pressure and positively correlated with smoking and alcohol use. Incidence of cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity was 23.7% (N = 1246) and 3.9% (N = 204), respectively. Psychological distress was linked to cardiometabolic disease (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.56-2.76) and multimorbidity (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.32-4.08). Furthermore, psychological distress was associated with incident atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and hypertension whereas no significant association was found with CAD and stroke. Among the psychological distress symptoms, feeling hopeless about the future was associated with incident atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize psychological distress as an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and multimorbidity.
Potentially preventable hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska Native adults, 2016-2021.
Davis BM, Bressler S, Apostolou A … +3 more , Bruden D, Bruce MG, Fischer M
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40203952 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Potentially preventable hospitalizations are inpatient admissions for a standard set of selected acute illnesses and chronic conditions that might have been avoided with preventive care or outpatient managemen...
OBJECTIVE: Potentially preventable hospitalizations are inpatient admissions for a standard set of selected acute illnesses and chronic conditions that might have been avoided with preventive care or outpatient management. During 2010-2012, Alaska Native adults had higher rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations compared to other adults in Alaska. We evaluated potentially preventable hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults in the United States during 2016-2021. METHODS: We used hospital discharge data from the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System (NPIRS) to calculate and compare average annual age-adjusted rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations per 1000 AI/AN adults for two acute conditions (community-acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infection) and four chronic conditions (diabetes, heart failure, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypertension). RESULTS: Of 310,889 hospitalizations among AI/AN adults, 40,400 (13 %) were defined as potentially preventable for an annual rate of 7.6 per 1000 persons. Rates were stable during 2016-2019 (8.7 per 1000) but declined during 2020-2021 (5.9 per 1000), likely related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults and rural residents had significantly higher rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations across all six conditions assessed, with community-acquired pneumonia having the highest hospitalization rate among adults aged ≥65 years (5.2 per 1000). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted preventive care and appropriate outpatient management for AI/AN elders living in rural areas might help improve health and reduce medical costs through decreased hospitalizations. Vaccination against respiratory infections could have the greatest impact in reducing preventable hospitalizations among AI/AN adults.
Factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) patient-clinician communication and HPV vaccine uptake among adults in the United States.
Owens HN, Brownstein NC, Whiting J … +5 more , Arevalo M, Kasting ML, Vadaparampil ST, Head KJ, Christy SM
Prev Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40188881 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is approved for those aged 9-45 years. However, HPV vaccine uptake remains suboptimal in the United States (U.S.), particularly among young and mid-age adults. This paper des...
OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is approved for those aged 9-45 years. However, HPV vaccine uptake remains suboptimal in the United States (U.S.), particularly among young and mid-age adults. This paper describes HPV vaccine patient-clinician communication, clinician recommendation receipt, and HPV vaccine uptake among U.S. adults who were eligible for the HPV vaccine as adults. METHODS: U.S. adults up to age 45 and who were aged 18+ when the HPV vaccine was approved were recruited for an online survey (n = 1107) between February-March 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess: (1) clinician-patient HPV vaccination discussions; (2) ever having received an HPV vaccine recommendation from a clinician; and (3) HPV vaccine uptake. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of participants reported having prior HPV vaccine discussions with a clinician, 31.1 % reporting ever having received a clinician recommendation for the vaccine, and only 23.8 % reported receiving the vaccine. Receiving the HPV vaccine was positively associated with prior HPV vaccine discussions (aOR: 2.93; 95 % CI: 1.98-4.35) and ever receiving an HPV vaccine recommendation from a clinician (aOR: 10.64; 95 % CI: 7.14-15.88). Additional factors consistently associated with all three models (discussing, receiving a clinician recommendation, and vaccine uptake) include higher HPV vaccine knowledge and higher HPV vaccine embarrassment. CONCLUSIONS: Unvaccinated age-eligible adults represent a missed opportunity for HPV-related cancer prevention. Interventions to support clinicians providing care to young and mid-age adults are needed to increase clinician discussions and recommendations of the HPV vaccine and patient uptake of the HPV vaccine.
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