Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN.
Javed H, Jashmi HJ, Tahir Z … +1 more , Jamil N
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Mar · PMID 29641883
Tuberculosis (TB) is a cause of death from a single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), leading to approximately 2.5 million deaths annually worldwide. Information regarding prevalence and pattern of drug...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a cause of death from a single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), leading to approximately 2.5 million deaths annually worldwide. Information regarding prevalence and pattern of drug resistance among TB patients in Pakistan remains inadequate due to the country’s limited resources. This study compared conventional diagnostic techniques with a PCRbased assay targeting IS6110 sequence. In addition, MTB drug resistant profiles against four first-line drugs (ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin) from new and retreatment cases of TB. From 101 sputum samples microscopic examination of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained smears and culturing on Lowenstein Jensen medium resulted in 96% and 100% positives, compared to 98% by PCR. Prevalence of MDR-MTB was 41.5% and 58.5% among new (n = 51) and retreatment (n = 50) cases, but 10% of the former group were sensitive to all four first-line anti-TB drugs. Thus, MDR-MTB is highly prevalent among TB patients in Punjab Province, Pakistan (where the study was conducted) and, although PCR amplification of MTB-specific IS6110 sequence was rapid, it lacked the sensitivity of the culture assay.
COMPARISON OF GeneXpert MTB/RIF ASSAY WITH CONVENTIONAL AFB SMEAR FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN NORTHEASTERN THAILAND.
Reechaipichitkul W, Suleesathira T, Chaimanee P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Mar · PMID 29641882
Among infectious agents, Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a great challenge. GeneXpert MTB/RIF...
Among infectious agents, Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a great challenge. GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is a novel integrated diagnostic system for rapid diagnosis of TB and particularly of rifampicin-resistant strains. A study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2014 to compare the performance of the sputum GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay with the conventional sputum AFB smear for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB in Thailand, a country with a high burden of this disease. Of the 125 patients who had cough and/or prolonged fever together with abnormal chest radiograph, 63 were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB by mycobacterium culture assay, while the remaining subjects were considered of having TB-like conditions, viz non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection (NTM), bacterial pneumonia or bronchogenic carcinoma. Two-thirds of the patients had underlying diseases, eg, diabetes mellitus (19 patients), autoimmune diseases (14), and HIV (6). Among patients with positive diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection, 30 were AFB smear positive and 53 by sputum GeneXpert MTB/RIF method; among patients negative for M. tuberculosis infection, 4 were AFB smear positive and 5 by GeneXpert MTB/ RIF assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the sputum AFB smear and GeneXpertMTB/ RIF assay test were 48% (95% CI: 35-61) and 84% (95% CI: 73-92), and 94% (95% CI: 84-98) and 92% (95% CI: 82-97), respectively. Diagnostic performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay among AFB smear positive patients was higher than among AFB smear negative patients (adjusted OR 6.7; 95% CI: 2.3-19.9). Earlier diagnosis of pulmonary TB using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay will lead to earlier appropriate treatment and provide opportunities to interrupt TB transmission.
LONG-TERM PROTECTIVE RABIES ANTIBODIES IN THAI CHILDREN AFTER PRE-EXPOSURE RABIES VACCINATION.
Chatchen S, Ibrahim S, Wisetsing P … +1 more , Limkittikul K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Mar · PMID 29641881
Rabies is a viral zoonosis affecting around 16,000-39,000 people annually. Pre-exposure vaccination should be offered to individuals at high risk of rabies exposure and is suggested for children living in rabies endemic...
Rabies is a viral zoonosis affecting around 16,000-39,000 people annually. Pre-exposure vaccination should be offered to individuals at high risk of rabies exposure and is suggested for children living in rabies endemic areas.The incidence rate of dog bite in the test group was 14.1/1,000 person-years. Intradermal (ID) route of administration is considered an alternative to the standard intramuscular (IM) administration, and reduces vaccination cost. A 3-year clinical study of a rabies vaccine administered IM or ID to 12–18-month-old Thai children, simultaneously with a Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (M49P2 study), revealed that all regimens used elicited an adequate immune response. In order to determine the long-term (4-8 years) rabies neutralizing antibody titers induced by the pre-exposure regimens, blood was collected annually from 68 from the M49P2 study and analyzed using a rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test. Full- IM(three doses of 1 ml/dose), half-IM(three doses of 0.5 ml/dose), and 3-ID(three doses of 0.1 ml/dose) regimens induced antibody titers above the seroprotective level throughout the study period. However, the 2-ID(two doses of 0.1 ml/dose) group had sub-seroprotective titer of 6.7%, 13.4%, 25.0%, and 36.4% in year 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. A secondary immune response was induced by rabies booster vaccination. This study demonstrates a reduced-dose rabies regimen may lower the cost of long-term protection against rabies for vulnerable populations, thus improving the cost-effectiveness of pre-exposure rabies vaccination in children.
DENGUE PREVENTION: CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ECONOMIC STATUS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICE, VACCINE ACCEPTANCE AND WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN A STUDY.
Harapan H, Bustamam A, Radiansyah A … +12 more , Angraini P, Fasli R, Salwiyadi S, Bastian RA, Oktiviyari A, Akmal I, Iqbalamin M, Adil J, Henrizal F, Groneberg DA, Kuch U, Muller R
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Mar · PMID 29641880
The aim of this study was to study the relationships between economic status, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever (DF), attitude towards vaccination against dengue virus infection, willingness to part...
The aim of this study was to study the relationships between economic status, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever (DF), attitude towards vaccination against dengue virus infection, willingness to participate in a study on dengue, and acceptance of a dengue vaccine. Information on variables of interest was collected in questionnaire-assisted interviews during a communitybased cross-sectional survey conducted in Aceh, Indonesia. A proposed relationship model was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to reconstruct an alternative relationship model among variables. Our proposed relationship model differed from the result of the EFA. The CFA indicated that knowledge and attitudes towards DF had the strongest relationship. We also found several direct relationships between sets of variables: a) economic status and knowledge on DF, b) economic status and practices regarding DF, c) knowledge and practices regarding DF, d) attitudes towards DF and dengue vaccine acceptance, as well as e) attitudes towards vaccination and dengue vaccine acceptance. There was no relationship between economic status and dengue vaccine acceptance. In conclusion, our model suggested that the most suitable factor to be targeted for improving dengue prevention was knowledge about DF. In addition, improving attitudes towards vaccination seemed to be the most appropriate effort to increase public acceptance of a dengue vaccine.
EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE USE OF HIV TESTING SERVICES : WHAT INTERVENTIONS HAVE WORKED IN THAILAND?
Jenkins C, Jourdain G, Arunothong S … +2 more , Sirirungsi W, Kunstadter P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Mar · PMID 29641879
We reviewed and analyzed published research concerning efforts to increase regular use of HIV testing services in Thailand. Separate studies suggested that the creation of participatory and creative online spaces for inf...
We reviewed and analyzed published research concerning efforts to increase regular use of HIV testing services in Thailand. Separate studies suggested that the creation of participatory and creative online spaces for information sharing and promoting community-based testing positively influence levels of HIV testing, including repeat-testing in some cases. Population targeted approaches, using same-day rapid tests, and using diverse locations for testing (medical and non-medical) may improve rates of testing. Thailand shows an example of successful HIV management and reduction. The challenge is to continue towards zero new infections and end an epidemic that is increasingly associated among people with specific risk behaviors. These characteristics make Thailand a case study for consideration by other national HIV programs.
SURVEILLANCE OF HIV-1 DRUG-RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN THAILAND FROM 1999 TO 2014.
Iemwimangsa N, Pasomsub E, Sukasem C … +1 more , Chantratita W
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Mar · PMID 29641878
Antiretroviral resistance has long been a serious problem in Thailand. In order to monitor developmental rate of mutations and its impact of the national policy, frequency of drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse tr...
Antiretroviral resistance has long been a serious problem in Thailand. In order to monitor developmental rate of mutations and its impact of the national policy, frequency of drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) were analyzed from 24,279 blood plasma samples collected from 1999 to 2014. HIV-1 drug resistance mutations were influenced by drugs that have been used widely as first-line regimens. M184I/V was the most common (53.1% prevalence) RT inhibitor (NRTI) mutation. Other NRTI-associated mutations increased dramatically after the Universal Coverage Scheme was launched in 2007, but declined on the whole after introduction of the Thai National Guidelines in 2010. However, non-NRTI-associated mutations increased between 1999 and 2007, but have remained constant since, with Y181I/C the most (31.4%) prevalent. PR drug-associated mutations (M36I/L/V, H69K/R and L89I/M/V) previously considered as CRF01_AE polymorphisms constituted > 90% prevalence in all samples. The launch of antiretroviral treatment influenced the pattern of mutations and the Universal Coverage Scheme also impacted the rate of development of resistance mutations on a national scale. Drug resistance trends in Thailand could be ascribed to drug regimens that have been used for over a decade. Results from this study can be used as indicators of the success of the Universal Coverage Scheme. Knowledge of the trend of HIV drug-resistance mutations, past and present, is essential in formulating an effective antiretroviral treatment strategy.
FACTORS RELATED TO TOOTH LOSS AMONG INDUSTRIAL WORKERS IN PHATHUM THANI, THAILAND.
Jaaidee J, Chatrchaiwiwatana S, Ratanasiri A
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29645412
Tooth loss is an important oral health problem among Thai people. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with tooth loss among Thai industrial workers in order to apply pre...
Tooth loss is an important oral health problem among Thai people. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with tooth loss among Thai industrial workers in order to apply preventive oral health programs to this population. The study consisted of 1,500 adults working in Nava Nakorn Industrial Estate, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand in 2014. Probability proportion to size cluster sampling was used and 16 clusters were included in the study. An oral health questionnaire was developed, evaluated for content validity by experts and then given to participants to fill out. The study population consisted of 621 males (41.4%) and 879 females (58.6%) aged between 19-25 years. The overall prevalence of tooth loss was 62.2% and the major reason for tooth loss was dental caries (60%). Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis show that factors associated with tooth loss were: having a history of scaling or tooth cleaning [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 2.47; 95% CI: 1.21-4.65], having dental caries with exposed pulp (AOR=4.12; 95% CI: 3.26-7.67), having tooth mobility due to periodontal disease (AOR=2.41; 95% CI: 2.71-5.22), having needed tooth restoration (AOR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.23-2.65), having a history of maxillofacial or a temporo-mandibular joint accident (AOR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.87- 3.23), wearing dentures (AOR=2.58; 95% CI: 2.17-6.72), using dental care services during the previous year (AOR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.26-4.57), eating snacks and candy daily (AOR=2.14; 95% CI: 1.82-2.92), having toothache (AOR=2.64; 95% CI: 1.43- 3.92), having dental caries (AOR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.62-3.27) and having a history of orthodontic treatment (AOR=3.61; 95% CI: 1.84-5.68). The Nagelkerke R squared for the model was 0.42. Our findings suggest several clinical, socio-economic and lifestyle factors are associated with tooth loss among these Thai industrial workers. An appropriate preventive oral health program targeting this high-risk group taking these factors into consideration needs to be developed and implemented in this at risk population.
ENHANCEMENT OF LEARNING ON SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION WITH A SMARTPHONE APPLICATION: A CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.
Ngamjarus C, Chongsuvivatwong V, McNeil E … +1 more , Holling H
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29645411
Sample size determination usually is taught based on theory and is difficult to understand. Using a smartphone application to teach sample size calculation ought to be more attractive to students than using lectures only...
Sample size determination usually is taught based on theory and is difficult to understand. Using a smartphone application to teach sample size calculation ought to be more attractive to students than using lectures only. This study compared levels of understanding of sample size calculations for research studies between participants attending a lecture only versus lecture combined with using a smartphone application to calculate sample sizes, to explore factors affecting level of post-test score after training sample size calculation, and to investigate participants’ attitude toward a sample size application. A cluster-randomized controlled trial involving a number of health institutes in Thailand was carried out from October 2014 to March 2015. A total of 673 professional participants were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of two groups, namely, 341 participants in 10 workshops to control group and 332 participants in 9 workshops to intervention group. Lectures on sample size calculation were given in the control group, while lectures using a smartphone application were supplied to the test group. Participants in the intervention group had better learning of sample size calculation (2.7 points out of maximnum 10 points, 95% CI: 24 - 2.9) than the participants in the control group (1.6 points, 95% CI: 1.4 - 1.8). Participants doing research projects had a higher post-test score than those who did not have a plan to conduct research projects (0.9 point, 95% CI: 0.5 - 1.4). The majority of the participants had a positive attitude towards the use of smartphone application for learning sample size calculation.
MEDIATION EFFECTS OF OVERCOMMITMENT ON EFFORT, REWARD, INSOMNIA, AND WELL-BEING AS MODERATED BY GENDER, AGE, AND JOB POSITION.
Chao W, Shuang L, Tao L … +2 more , Shanfa Y, Junming D
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29645410
This study aimed to detect the mediation effect of over-commitment between occupational stress, insomnia, and well-being; and the moderating role of gender, age and job position are also to be analyzed. One thousand six...
This study aimed to detect the mediation effect of over-commitment between occupational stress, insomnia, and well-being; and the moderating role of gender, age and job position are also to be analyzed. One thousand six hundred eighteen valid samples were recruited from electronic manufacturing service industry in Hunan Province, China. All the data were collected by selfrated questionnaires after written consent. This paper introduced Effort-Reward- Insomnia-Well-being model, and it was fitted and validated through the structural equation model analysis. The results of single factor correlation analysis indicated that the coefficients between most of the items and dimensions presented statistical significance. The final fitting model had satisfactory global goodness of fit (CMIN/DF=3.99, AGFI=0.926, NNFI=0.950, IFI=0.956, RMSEA=0.043). Both of the measurement model and structural model had acceptable path loadings. Effort associated with insomnia indirectly and related to well-being directly and indirectly; reward could have either directly associated with insomnia and well-being, or indirectly related to them through over-commitment. Covariates as gender, age and position made differences on the association between occupational stress and health outcomes. Over-commitment had the ability to mediate the relationships between effort, reward, and health outcomes, and mediation effect varied from different working conditions and outcomes under different covariates.
RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG OUT-OF-SCHOOL THAI AND NON-THAI YOUTH IN URBAN CHIANG MAI, THAILAND.
Musumari PM, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Srithanaviboonchai K … +7 more , Manoyosa V, Tarnkehard S, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M, Chariyalertsak S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29645409
Out-of-school youth in Thailand engage in risky sexual behavior that puts them at risk for contracting HIV infection and can have other negative sexual reproductive health outcomes. No study has examined risky sexual beh...
Out-of-school youth in Thailand engage in risky sexual behavior that puts them at risk for contracting HIV infection and can have other negative sexual reproductive health outcomes. No study has examined risky sexual behaviors and compared them between Thai and non-Thai out-of-school youth. The current study compares sexual risk behavior and HIV testing behavior between out-of-school Thai and non-Thai youth. We conducted face-to-face interviews in this study population in urban Chiang Mai during 2014. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from two main sources: non-formal education centers (NFECs) and social meeting places. We recruited 924 youth, aged 15-24 years, of whom 424 (45.9%) were Thai and 500 (54.1%) were non-Thai. The majority were attending NFECs (82.3%). Of the sexually experienced participants (57.7%), 75.4% did not use condoms consistently, and 50.3% had at least 2 lifetime sexual partners. Among the study participants, the Thai studied youth had significantly higher odds of ever having had sex (AOR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.56-3.49; p<0.001), having an earlier sexual debut (AOR=5.52; 95% CI: 2.71-11.25; p<0.001) and having a larger number of lifetime sexual partners (AOR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.37-3.88; p=0.002) than non-Thai participants. There was no significant difference between the Thai and non-Thai participants in terms of having HIV testing. The Thai studied youth were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior than the non-Thai youth. However, both groups displayed risky sexual behaviors. Future research should explore indepth the drivers of risky sexual behaviors among both Thai and non-Thai youth.
HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AT SELECTED HOSPITALS IN THAILAND.
Manosuthi W, Thientong V, Moolasart V … +3 more , Rongrungrueng Y, Sangsajja C, Danchaivijitr S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644841
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), all-cause mortality, document the bacterial pathogens isolated in HAIs, and determine the risk factors associated with HAIs and all...
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), all-cause mortality, document the bacterial pathogens isolated in HAIs, and determine the risk factors associated with HAIs and all-cause mortality at selected hospitals in Thailand. A survey with a total time frame of 10 days was conducted at selected 50 hospitals across Thailand during January 2014: 19 primary government hospitals, 15 secondary government hospitals, 13 tertiary government hospitals, 2 private hospitals and 1 government university hospital. Of 15,475 cases reviewed, 688 patients had 791 HAIs (1.1 HAI per infected patient). The rate of HAI was 4.4% (95%CI: 4.1-4.8): 7.3% (95%CI: 4.6-9.3) at the university hospital surveyed, 5.0% (95%CI: 4.6-5.4) at the tertiary hospitals surveyed, 3.9% (95%CI: 3.4-4.6) at the secondary hospitals surveyed, 2.0% (95%CI: 1.3-2.7) at the primary hospitals surveyed, and 1.6% (95%CI: 0.5-2.8) at the private hospitals surveyed. The ward with the frequent number of HAI was the intensive care unit (17%). The two most commonly affected age ranges were those aged >60 years and <1 year. Of the 791 HAIs found in this survey, the 3 most frequently reported types of HAI were: respiratory tract infections (n=377, 48%), urinary tract infections (n=176, 22%) and surgical site infections (n=55, 7%). Of the 688 patients with a HAI, 24% died within three months of this survey. The most frequently reported bacterial pathogen was Acinetobacter species (17%). On multivariate analysis, HAIs were significantly associated with patient age <1 year, a university hospital, having major surgery, urinary catheterization, being on a respiratory ventilator, having a tracheostomy, and having central venous catheterization (p <0.05). Death was associated with patient age <1 year, a university hospital, being on a surgical or medical ward, being on a ventilator, and having a central venous catheter (p <0.05). HAIs are major public health problems in the studied hospitals and result in substantial mortality.
AN OUTBREAK OF TETRODOTOXIN POISONING FROM CONSUMING HORSESHOE CRABS IN SABAH.
Suleiman M, Muhammad J, Jelip J … +2 more , William T, Chua TH
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644840
The horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) is consumed by those residing near the coastal areas of Kota Marudu District in Malaysia, as it is considered a delicacy. During June to August, 2011 thirty cases of tetr...
The horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) is consumed by those residing near the coastal areas of Kota Marudu District in Malaysia, as it is considered a delicacy. During June to August, 2011 thirty cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning were reported from Kota Marudu District following ingestion of horseshoe crabs caught in Kota Marudu Bay. The purpose of this study is to describe this case series in order to determine risk factors to prevent further outbreaks. There were six confirmed and 24 probable cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning identified in the study area during the study period as diagnosed by clinical presentation and laboratory findings. Symptoms included dizziness (80%), circumoral and lingual numbness (80%), hand and feet numbness (63.3%), nausea and vomiting (30%) and weakness and difficulty in breathing (26.6%). Three cases (10%) died while 27 cases recovered. Forty-seven percent of the cases had onset of symptoms within 30 minutes of ingestion and 14% 31-60 minutes after ingestion of horseshoe crab meat. Urine samples were collected from the cases, while horseshoe crabs, cockles and sea water from the epidemic area were also taken for analysis. Tetrodotoxin was detected in the urine of six cases; the highest concentrations recorded were among the three cases who died. High tetrodotoxin concentrations were found in the hepatic cecum and eggs of the tested horseshoe crabs. Dinoflagellates were not detected in the sea water or cockle samples. Intensive health education was initiated quickly to stop other members of the Marudu Bay community from consuming the horseshoe crabs. This is the first documented epidemic of tetrodotoxin poisoning in Sabah.
FATAL HONEY POISONING IN SOUTHWEST CHINA: A CASE SERIES OF 31 CASES.
Zhang Q, Chen X, Chen S … +6 more , Ye Y, Luo J, Li J, Yu S, Liu H, Liu Z
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644839
Honey poisoning cases occur in southwestern China. In this case series, we attempted to determine the symptoms and causes of honey poisoning from 2007 to 2012 in southwestern China. We also conducted a quantitative melis...
Honey poisoning cases occur in southwestern China. In this case series, we attempted to determine the symptoms and causes of honey poisoning from 2007 to 2012 in southwestern China. We also conducted a quantitative melissopalynological analysis of honey samples. During the study period, 31 honey poisoning cases occurred in the study location, all during July to August. All the cases occurred after consuming at least 100 grams of honey. The most frequent symptoms were nausea and vomiting (100%), abdominal pain (90.3%), diarrhea (74.2%), palpitations (61.3%), dizziness (54.8%), chest congestion (48.4%) and dyspnea (48.4%). Severe cases developed oliguria/anuria, twitch, hematuria, ecchymosis or hematochezia. The median time from ingestion to onset of symptoms was 29 hours. Eight patients died (mortality rate: 25.8%). The pollen of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (a plant with poisonous nectar and pollen) was detected in 22 of 29 honey samples examined (75.9%). The results of pollen analysis were consistent with the clinical findings of previous cases. T. hypoglaucum appears to be the cause of honey poisoning in southwestern China. Honey poisoning should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who consume honey in this region and develop symptoms of food poisoning.
DERMAL MYIASIS CAUSED BY THE FLESH FLY, PARASARCOPHAGA (LIOSARCOPHAGA) DUX (THOMSON, 1869) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) AT THE SITE OF A MALIGNANT MELANOMA: A CASE REPORT.
Chiewchanvit S, Chaithong U, Sanit S … +2 more , Samerjai C, Sukontason K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644838
Dermal myiasis due to the flesh fly has not been commonly reported in Thailand. A 64-year-old man came to the hospital with a 6-month history of a black tumor on the dorsum of the right great toe. The tumor was biopsied...
Dermal myiasis due to the flesh fly has not been commonly reported in Thailand. A 64-year-old man came to the hospital with a 6-month history of a black tumor on the dorsum of the right great toe. The tumor was biopsied and determined to be a malignant melanoma. Second instar larvae were also seen in the wound and one larva was reared until the adult stage wherein it was identified as the flesh fly, Parasarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux (Thomson, 1869) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). This case shows myiasis due to synanthropic sarcophagid flies occurs in Thailand and can occur in a malignant melanoma.
RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE PULMONARY CRYPTOCOCCOSIS WITH CAVITATION IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT WOMAN: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW.
Qu J, Wang X, Liu Y … +1 more , Lv X
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644837
Pulmonary cryptococcosis with pulmonary cavitation is rare, especially in immunocompetent cryptococcosis patients. We describe here a case of rapidly progressive pulmonary with cavitation in an immunocompetent woman. A 2...
Pulmonary cryptococcosis with pulmonary cavitation is rare, especially in immunocompetent cryptococcosis patients. We describe here a case of rapidly progressive pulmonary with cavitation in an immunocompetent woman. A 29-year-old woman had a routine chest X-ray as part of a routine examination. The chest X-ray showed pulmonary nodules. She was diagnosed as having bacterial pneumonia even though she had no symptoms and was treated with ampicillin orally. A chest X-ray was repeated 12 days later as follow-up which showed an increase in the nodules. She continued to be asymptomatic and had a normal lung examination. Her complete blood count revealed a normal white blood cell count and her anti-human immunodeficiency virus test was normal, as were her immunoglobulin levels and CD4 counts. She had a computed tomography (CT) scan of the lungs that showed two pulmonary nodules, one with cavitation. She then underwent a CT guided needle biopsy of the cavitary lesion which revealed pulmonary cryptococcosis. A serum latex cryptococcal antigen test revealed a titer of 1:32. She was treated with fluconazole 400 mg IV daily for 7 days, followed by oral fluconazole 200 mg daily for a year. The cavitary lesion gradually disappeared and the nodules decreased in size. A follow-up CT 1 year later was normal. Although rare, cryptococcosis of the lungs with pulmonary cavitation can occur in otherwise healthy patients, requiring long term treatment to improve.
GROWTH-INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF FARNESOL AGAINST SCEDOSPORIUM BOYDII AND LOMENTOSPORA PROLIFICANS.
Pumeesat P, Wongsuk T, Muangkaew W … +1 more , Luplertlop N
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644833
Scedosporium boydii and Lomentospora prolificans are filamentous fungi reported to cause infection in immunocompromized individuals. We studied the effect of farnesol to inhibit growth of S. boydii and L. prolificans by...
Scedosporium boydii and Lomentospora prolificans are filamentous fungi reported to cause infection in immunocompromized individuals. We studied the effect of farnesol to inhibit growth of S. boydii and L. prolificans by measuring colony diameter and determining minimal effective concentration (MEC). S. boydii and L. prolificans were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) at 37oC for 5 days. Conidia were collected and adjusted to a concentration of 104 conidia/ ml. Twenty microliters of conidia suspension was placed in each well of a sixwell plate containing serial dilutions of farnesol (10 μM, 100 μM, 1,000 μM, and 10,000 μM) in SDA. Colony morphology and diameter were observed on days 1, 2, 3, and 4. Farnesol at concentrations of 1,000 μM or higher caused the colony diameter of both S. boydii and L. prolificans to be smaller than untreated controls in a dose-dependent manner. The MEC of farnesol to inhibit growth of both S. boydii and L. prolificans was 3.2 mM. This study reveals the antifungal property of farnesol against S. boydii and L. prolificans, which can be used for further study as an alternative antifungal agent against these fungal infections.
INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG FEBRILE PATIENTS WITH CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NEUTROPENIA IN THAILAND.
Phikulsod P, Suwannawiboon B, Chayakulkeeree M
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644832
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) can cause serious morbidity and mortality among febrile patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). In order to evaluate the incidence, treatment outcome and factors associated...
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) can cause serious morbidity and mortality among febrile patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). In order to evaluate the incidence, treatment outcome and factors associated with IFI in this patient population in Thailand, we retrospectively reviewed the medical record of patients admitted to Siriraj Hospital from January 2008 to June 2010. Criteria used to diagnosed IFI were those of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) consensus 2008 criteria. Three hundred ten episodes of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia occurred in 233 patients. IFI were found in 37 episodes (12%) and occurred only in patients who received chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. The incidence of IFI among patients with hematologic malignancies was 14%. Most commonly occurred in AML patients (17%). Patients who received aggressive induction chemotherapy regimens for AML had the highest incidence of IFI (20.5%). Of the 37 episodes, 12 were candidiasis, 5 were aspergillosis, 1 was zygomycosis, 1 was fusariosis, 10 were probable and 9 were possible IFI. The IFI-related mortality was 35%. The clinical factor associated with IFI was a temperature > 39 °C during febrile neutropenia. A higher mortality rate was seen in patients aged > 40 years and those with a serum albumin level < 3 g/dl.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMALDEHYDE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS.
Pootong A, Norrapong B, Cowawintaweewat S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644831
Candida albicans is a common pathogen, especially among immunocompromised patients. It is beginning to show resistance against the azole drug group, which is usually used to treat this pathogen. We studied the antifungal...
Candida albicans is a common pathogen, especially among immunocompromised patients. It is beginning to show resistance against the azole drug group, which is usually used to treat this pathogen. We studied the antifungal effects of cinnamaldehyde against C. albicans. Germ tube formation of C. albicans exposed to cinnamaldehyde was determined by the crystal violet based method. The effect of cinnamaldehyde on adhesion of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells was investigated. Proteinase and phospholipase activities of C. albicans in the presence of cinnamaldehyde were assessed using bovine serum albumin agar and egg yolk agar, respectively. In this study, cinnamaldehyde possessed antifungal activity against C. albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/ml. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, cinnamaldehyde significantly reduced germ tube formation, proteinase and phospholipase activities in a dose dependent manner (p<0.01). Cinnamaldehyde also significantly inhibited the adhesion of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells (p<0.01). In our study, cinnamaldehyde had in vitro activity against C. albicans and inhibited some of its virulence factors.
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS AS AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF SCRUB TYPHUS: A REPORT OF TWO CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.
Charoenphak S, Rattanawong P, Sungkanuparph S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644830
Scrub typhus rarely presents with acute cholecystitis. We present 2 cases of scrub typhus with cholecystitis. The first patient is a 62 year old female who presented to the hospital with fever and body aches for 1 week a...
Scrub typhus rarely presents with acute cholecystitis. We present 2 cases of scrub typhus with cholecystitis. The first patient is a 62 year old female who presented to the hospital with fever and body aches for 1 week and right upper quadrant abdominal pain for 3 days. She gave a history of an insect bite 2 weeks previously. She was diagnosed as having acute cholecystitis and underwent cholecystectomy. She continued with fever post-operatively and physical examination revealed an eschar. She had an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) performed that revealed a high IgM titer for Orientia tsutsugamushi. She was diagnosed as having scrub typhus, treated with doxycycline and she recovered completely. The second patient also presented to the hospital with a 1 week history of fever and upper quadrant abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with having cholecystitis. Her symptoms did not improve with intravenous antibiotics and further investigation revealed elevated titers for O. tsutsugamushi and Leptospira interrogans. She was diagnosed as having a co-infection of scrub typhus and leptospirosis and treated with doxycycline. She recovered completely. Patients from scrub typhus endemic regions who present with acute cholecystitis but do not respond to traditional treatment should be tested for scrub typhus and leptospirosis and should have a careful admission physical examination looking for eschar formation, since scrub typhus may present with acute cholecystitis.
MULTIPLE-LOCUS VARIABLE-NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS OF BRUCELLA ISOLATES FROM THAILAND.
Kumkrong K, Chankate P, Tonyoung W … +3 more , Intarapuk A, Kerdsin A, Kalambaheti T
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644829
Brucellosis-induced abortion can result in significant economic loss to farm animals. Brucellosis can be transmitted to humans during slaughter of infected animals or via consumption of contaminated food products. Strain...
Brucellosis-induced abortion can result in significant economic loss to farm animals. Brucellosis can be transmitted to humans during slaughter of infected animals or via consumption of contaminated food products. Strain identification of Brucella isolates can reveal the route of transmission. Brucella strains were isolated from vaginal swabs of farm animal, cow milk and from human blood cultures. Multiplex PCR was used to identify Brucella species, and owing to high DNA homology among Brucella isolates, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) based on the number of tandem repeats at 16 different genomic loci was used for strain identification. Multiplex PCR categorized the isolates into B. abortus (n = 7), B. melitensis (n = 37), B. suis (n = 3), and 5 of unknown Brucella spp. MLVA-16 clustering analysis differentiated the strains into various genotypes, with Brucella isolates from the same geographic region being closely related, and revealed that the Thai isolates were phylogenetically distinct from those in other countries, including within the Southeast Asian region. Thus, MLVA-16 typing has utility in epidemiological studies.
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