Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY TESTING OF TWO SPECIES OF TROPICAL PLANT LASIANTHUS (RUBIACEAE).
Napiroon T, Balslev H, Duangjai S … +4 more , Sookchaloem D, Chayamarit K, Santimaleeworagun W, Vajrodaya S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644828
Two tropical plant species, Lasianthus pilosus and Lasianthus stipularis are used in traditional medicine but there have been no published studies of the extracts of these plants against bacteria. In this study, we aimed...
Two tropical plant species, Lasianthus pilosus and Lasianthus stipularis are used in traditional medicine but there have been no published studies of the extracts of these plants against bacteria. In this study, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activities of the above two plants against two gram-positive and seven gram-negative bacterial strains to determine the potential of these two plant species for possible antimicrobial drug development. The antibacterial activities of the lipophilic extracts of these plants were evaluated by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The zone diameters and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for these plant extracts exhibited their highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. The MIC of these extracts against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 37166 and ATCC 27853) varied from 50 to 200 μg/ml. Thin layer chromatography and detection using different specific reagents revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenolic compounds and iridoid. Cell lysis due to the effect of the lipophilic extracts of these tested plants was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy. In conclusion, the bioactive compounds of these plants should be studied further to develop potential antimicrobial agents.
ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLANTS CONSUMED BY PRIMATES AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
Abdulah R, Milanda T, Sugijanto M … +4 more , Barliana MI, Diantini A, Supratman U, Subarnas A
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644827
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem worldwide. Plants consumed by non-human primates are potentially safe for humans. In this study, we examined the potential antibacterial properties of plants c...
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem worldwide. Plants consumed by non-human primates are potentially safe for humans. In this study, we examined the potential antibacterial properties of plants consumed by non-human primates in Indonesia. We studied the antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts of 34 primate-consumed plants against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in vitro. The plants were collected from the Pangandaran Conservation Area, West Java Province, Indonesia. The leaves were dried and then powdered by crushing and the potential active ingredients were extracted with 95% ethanol at room temperature for 24 hours. The obtained solvent was then dried at 50ºC under reduced pressure. The antibacterial properties of each product were then tested to determine the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations using the broth microdilution technique and a disc diffusion test was also performed. The results show Kleinhovia hospita, Dillenia excelsa and Garcinia celebica had the best antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Ficus benjamina, Ficus altissima, and Elaeocarpus glaber had the best antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis. Some of the studied leaf extracts in our study have the potential to be developed into antibacterial medications and need to be studied further.
CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRAINTESTINAL PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM MEAT IN SOUTHERN THAILAND.
Sukkua K, Pomwised R, Rattanachuay P … +2 more , Khianngam S, Sukhumungoon P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644826
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an E. coli group, which causes diseases in systems outside human intestinal tract. ExPEC isolates were recovered from fresh chicken (25%) and pork (10%) meats, but n...
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an E. coli group, which causes diseases in systems outside human intestinal tract. ExPEC isolates were recovered from fresh chicken (25%) and pork (10%) meats, but not beef and shrimp, from markets in southern Thailand. Among the 14 ExPEC strains isolated, all carried iutA and fimH, coding for aerobactin and type 1 fimbriae, respectively. Two ExPEC strains from chicken meat possessed kpsMTK1 coding for K1 capsular antigen, responsible for neonatal meningitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that all ExPEC were resistant to streptomycin and carried blaTEM, but susceptible to imipenem. Phylogenetic group analysis showed that 4, 4, and 6 ExPEC strains belonged to group A, B1 and D, respectively. ExPEC strains were classified into four serotypes, namely, O8 (2 strains), O15 (2 strains), O25 (1 strain), and O127a (1 strain), with the remaining untypeable. DNA profiling analysis by BOX-PCR revealed clonality of strains with the same serotype. The existence of ExPEC in meat products should cause concern regarding food safety and public health not only in southern Thailand but also throughout the country.
INVASIVE SALMONELLOSIS PRESENTING AS A LUNG ABSCESS: A CASE REPORT.
Songkhla MN, Chayakulkeeree M
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644825
Salmonella spp are an uncommon cause of lung abscess. A 59 year old man presented to our hospital with a 1 month history of cough and low grade fever progressing to high grade fever for 1 week. He had a past medical hist...
Salmonella spp are an uncommon cause of lung abscess. A 59 year old man presented to our hospital with a 1 month history of cough and low grade fever progressing to high grade fever for 1 week. He had a past medical history significant for diabetes mellitus type 2 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis for which he was receiving prednisolone, initially at 60 mg daily tapering to 20 mg daily. On presentation he was febrile and had decreased breath sounds and dullness to percussion over the right lower lung field. A chest X-ray showed a cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level in the right lung. Computed tomography of the lung revealed 2 cavitary lesions in the right upper and lower lungs. Sputum culture revealed Salmonella spp group B. He was treated successfully with ceftriaxone intravenously for 1 month followed by oral cefdinir. A chest X-ray at 1 month showed significant improvement; he was treated conservatively without surgical drainage. Salmonella can cause lung abscesses, especially in the immune suppressed.
DISTRIBUTION OF VIRULENCE GENES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL ISOLATES OF LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA IN BUSAN, SOUTH KOREA.
Hwang IY, Park EH, Lee YC
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644823
Legionella pneumophila is the major causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. The distribution of L. pneumophila in environmental water systems of public facilities in Busan, South Korea was previously reported; however,...
Legionella pneumophila is the major causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. The distribution of L. pneumophila in environmental water systems of public facilities in Busan, South Korea was previously reported; however, the distribution of virulence genes in environmental and clinical isolates in Busan is unknown. Here, we investigated using PCR the distribution of three virulence loci (dot/icm, lvh, and rtxA) in isolates from Busan. A high prevalence of environmental (127/254) and clinical (3/4) isolates were observed for the simultaneous presence of all three genes, while environmental harboring dot/icm + rtxA, dot/icm + lvh, rtxA + lvh, and only one gene were 21%, 11%, 9% and <1-4%, respectively, The remaining clinical isolate carried dot/icm + rtxA. In addition, 68% of isolates from serogroup 1, the main cause of legionellosis, possessed all three virulence genes compared with 40% of isolates from serogroups 2 to 15. Prevalence of isolates with two genes was 5-14% and 6-29% in serogroup 1 and serogroups 2 to 15, respectively, whereas that of isolates with one gene was 1-2% and 0-6%, respectively. These results provide valuable information for epidemiological investigations of the relationship between environmental and clinical isolates in legionellosis outbreaks in Busan.
BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI BIOFILM PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN C57BL/6 MICE.
Panomket P, Wongsana P, Wanram S … +1 more , Wongratanacheewin S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644822
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis. Clinical signs of melioidosis vary from acute septicemia to chronic inflammation or subclinical infection. This study investigated the role of B. pseudomalle...
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis. Clinical signs of melioidosis vary from acute septicemia to chronic inflammation or subclinical infection. This study investigated the role of B. pseudomallei biofilm in chronic inflammation in lungs of infected C57BL/6 mice. Low doses of B. pseudomallei H777 and its biofilm defective M10 mutant were fed intra-gastrically to C57BL/6 mice and inflammatory responses were investigated by histopathological techniques. Two hundred colony forming units (CFUs) of B. pseudomallei H777 induced chronic inflammatory responses in mice on day 20 post-infection, with discrete interstitial infiltration by mononuclear inflammatory cells. On day 40 postinfection, there were marked thickening of alveolar septa and congested capillaries, which increased in severity by day 60. On the other hand, mice infected with B. pseudomallei M10 showed less mononuclear infiltration. The results indicate that B. pseudomallei defective in biofilm production gave rise to less severe pathology, resulting a higher rate of survival in infected mice; and pulmonary melioidosis could be developed in C57BL/6 mice by intra-gastric feeding makes it a possible animal model of chronic human melioidosis.
SEROPREVALENCE OF RUBELLA ANTIBODIES AMONG TURKISH AND FOREIGN WOMEN IN TURKEY.
Gündem NS, Kalem F
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644821
The aims of this study were to determine seroprevalence of rubella antibodies among Turkish and foreign women living in Turkey and to estimate percent women susceptible to rubella infection. This retrospective study was...
The aims of this study were to determine seroprevalence of rubella antibodies among Turkish and foreign women living in Turkey and to estimate percent women susceptible to rubella infection. This retrospective study was conducted among 970 women (816 Turks) attending gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinics. Serum samples were tested for anti-rubella IgG and IgM by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Eighty-eight percent of the subjects were positive only for anti-rubella IgG indicating immunity to rubella infection, none for only anti-rubella IgM and 1.5% for both anti-rubella IgM and IgG, the latter having a high avidity of anti-rubella IgG signifying a previous infection. Anti-rubella IgG seropositivity rate alone for Turkish women is 86.1%, significantly higher than that for foreign women. A significant association between age and seropositivity was found only for the age group of 15-20 years among both Turkish and foreign women. Anti-rubella IgG seropositivity rate of pregnant women increased with increasing age from 10.7% (at 15-20 years old) to 85.5% (at 36-40 years old). Among non-pregnant women, both anti-rubella IgM and IgG seronegativity rates were significantly higher in the age group of 31-35 years than the other age groups. Our results indicate that all pregnant women in Turkey should routinely be screened for anti-rubella IgM and IgG at antenatal period. Evaluation of susceptibility of women in reproductive age to rubella infection is important to setup a strategy for preventing antenatal rubella through vaccination of non-immune women throughout the country.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE ERA OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY.
Kobayashi T, Pitisuttithum P, Kaewkingwal J … +2 more , Phuphuakrat A, Sungkanuparph S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644820
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients and the clinical outcome can be severe. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and prognostic factors among HIV-infected...
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients and the clinical outcome can be severe. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and prognostic factors among HIV-infected patients with CM in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding of these facts may help clinicians to manage CM patients efficiently and patients with poor prognostic factors could be closely monitored. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among new cases of HIV-associated CM who were treated at Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand, during 2002-2013. Of 195 patients, 119 (61%) were male; the median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 33 (29-39) years. The median (IQR) CD4 cell count was 20 (9-44) cells/mm3. The median survival time was >12 years and the 75% survival time was 5 years. Using the Cox proportional hazard model, the factors associated with mortality were impaired consciousness [hazard ratio (HR)=2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-5.50], low initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein (≤60 mg/dl) (HR=2.88; 95%CI: 1.13-7.35), low initial CSF glucose (≤30 mg/dl) (HR=2.36; 95%CI: 1.01-5.51), high opening pressure during induction therapy (>25 cmH2O) (HR=2.90, 95%CI: 1.21-6.94), no ART (HR=14.8; 95%CI: 5.39-40.7) and relapse of CM (HR=4.31; 95%CI: 1.42-13.1). The HIV-associated CM survival rate in the ART era is higher than it was during the pre-ART era.
CONSTRUCTION AND EXPRESSION OF H5N1 INFLUENZA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ-SPECIFIC scFv-Fc MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN HEK293T CELLS.
Pipattanaboon C, Boonha K, Benjathummarak S … +2 more , Pitaksajjakul P, Ramasoota P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644819
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) is a key element in the development of rapid test kits for many infectious diseases. Our group previously developed two antigen-binding fragment (Fab) MAbs, H5Fab-6 and H5Fab-9, specific to hema...
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) is a key element in the development of rapid test kits for many infectious diseases. Our group previously developed two antigen-binding fragment (Fab) MAbs, H5Fab-6 and H5Fab-9, specific to hemagglutinin (H5 HA) of influenza A virus H5N1, but these Fabs do not have a constant fragment (Fc) portion with which to bind with gold particles in a strip test. In order to overcome this impediment, we joined a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with an Fc region to produce a scFv-Fc MAb, which was expressed in mammalian HEK293T cells. Specificity and sensitivity of each generated scFv-Fc MAb for H5 HA was tested using western blotting and dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA), respectively. Two scFv-Fcs (designated H5scFvFc-6 and H5scFvFc-9) were constructed and purified to near homogeneity with a yield of 12.87 mg/l and 33.56 mg/l, respectively. Western blotting indicated that both scFv-Fcs reacted as expected with H5 HA with a sensitivity of 60 pg of H5 HA. These scFv-Fc MAbs should prove useful in the development of antibody-based diagnostic tools.
SURVEILLANCE IN 2013 OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS FROM LIVE-BIRD MARKETS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND.
Tantawiwattananon N, Chiangson T, Rattanavibul K … +8 more , Sakdajiwajaroen V, Iamsirithaworn S, Suanngam L, Sonthisirikrit S, Nuansrichay B, Sangkharak B, Rojanadilok P, Padungtod P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644818
Live-bird markets have been implicated in transmission of avian influenza viruses, most recently of influenza A (H7N9) in China. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, such as H7N9, cause asymptomatic infections...
Live-bird markets have been implicated in transmission of avian influenza viruses, most recently of influenza A (H7N9) in China. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, such as H7N9, cause asymptomatic infections in poultry, and active surveillance is required to detect infection and to prevent transmission to humans. Although limited numbers of live birds for consumption are sold in Bangkok live bird markets (LBM), transmission of H7N9 in nearby China has prompted a program of active surveillance for avian influenza in Bangkok LBM to determine LPAI viruses. In November 2013, Bangkok One Health team organized avian influenza surveillance in all nine districts of Bangkok with LBMs. Oropharyngeal swabs (n = 834), sera (n = 375) and fresh feces (n = 420) were taken from 400 chickens, 20 ducks, 20 geese and 394 pet birds from 75/87 shops. Additionally, drinking water (n = 208) and waste water (n = 26) were collected. Samples were tested for influenza A viruses using RT-PCR. In addition, samples were inoculated in eggs and tested by hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays using H5N1- and H7N9-specific antigens. Sera were tested by HI assay using similar antigens. No sample was found positive for influenza A virus. These data provide evidence that avian influenza viruses, including LPAI viruses such as H7N9, were not circulating in Bangkok LBMs during the period surveyed.
LARVICIDAL AND PUPICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE AND FRACTIONATED EXTRACTS OF ACACIA PENNATA (L.) WILLD. SUBSP INSUAVIS SHOOT TIPS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE).
Thongwat D, Ganranoo L, Chokchaisiri R
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644817
Acacia pennata subsp insuavis, or Cha-om in Thai, is a common vegetable found in Thailand. It has been used as a medicinal herb for a long time. From the literature, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and...
Acacia pennata subsp insuavis, or Cha-om in Thai, is a common vegetable found in Thailand. It has been used as a medicinal herb for a long time. From the literature, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-helminthic activities were reported. In this study, we investigated two new actions of this plant: larvicide and pupicide. The crude ethanolic and fractionated extracts of A. pennata shoot tips were tested against aquatic stages of the dengue virus vector, Aedes aegypti mosquito. The 1st-4th instar larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti were subjected for bioassays by following the standard protocol of WHO. The larval and pupal mortalities were observed after 24- and 48-hour exposure times. The bioassays demonstrated that stronger efficacy was found from the fractionated extracts than the crude extracts. The LC50 values against the 3rd instar larvae were 39.45-50.75 mg/l (fractionated extracts) and 244.50 mg/l (crude extracts). It also effects the pupae with the LC50 values of 44.10-53.73 mg/l and 87.27 mg/l for the fractionnated and the crude extracts, respectively. The bioassays demonstrated the effective mosquito larvicide and pupicide of A. pennata extracts. It could be an alternative candidate for the development of phytotoxin for controlling mosquito vectors.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN UPPER NORTHERN THAILAND.
Vitta A, Fukruksa C, Yimthin T … +4 more , Deelue K, Sarai C, Polseela R, Thanwisai A
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644816
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are used as biocontrol agents for insect pests. Survey of indigenous EPNs provides not only the diversity aspects but also the contribution...
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are used as biocontrol agents for insect pests. Survey of indigenous EPNs provides not only the diversity aspects but also the contribution in pest management in local areas. The objective of this study was to survey EPNs in upper northern Thailand. Nine hundred seventy soil samples were obtained from 194 sites in upper northern region of Thailand; of these 60 (6.2%) had EPNs in 2 genera: Steinernema (32 isolates) and Heterorhabditis (28 isolates). Most EPNs were isolated from loam with a soil temperature of 24-38°C, a pH of 1.5-7.0 and a soil moisture content of 0.5-6.8%. Molecular identification based on sequencing of a partial region of an internal transcribed spacer was performed for Heterorhabditis and the 28S rDNA for Steinernema. A BLASTN search of known sequence EPNs revealed 24 isolates of S. websteri and one isolate of S. scarabaei were identified; closely related to S. websteri (accession no. JF503100) and S. scarabaei (accession no. AY172023). The Heterorhabditis species identified were: H. indica (11 isolates), H. gerrardi (2 isolates) and Heterorhabditis sp (8 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis revealed 11 isolates of Heterorhabditis were related to H. indica; 2 isolates were related to Heterorhabditis gerrardi and 8 isolates were closely related to Heterorhabditis sp SGmg3. The study results show the genetic diversity of EPNs and describe a new observation of S. scarabaei and H. gerrardi in Thailand. This finding is new and provides important information for further study on using native EPNs in biological control.
A SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE MULTIPLEX PCR TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING HUMAN PATHOGENIC TAENIA EGGS IN HOUSEFLIES.
Pornruseetriratn S, Maipanich W, Sa-nguankiat S … +3 more , Pubampen S, Poodeepiyasawat A, Thaenkham U
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644815
Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are cestode pathogens causing taeniasis in humans. Houseflies can transfer Taenia eggs to food. However, houseflies are thought to carry only small numbers of Taenia eggs, some...
Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are cestode pathogens causing taeniasis in humans. Houseflies can transfer Taenia eggs to food. However, houseflies are thought to carry only small numbers of Taenia eggs, sometimes fewer than 10. Although several PCR-based methods have been developed to detect Taenia DNA, these require more than 10 eggs for adequate detection. We developed a multiplex PCR method with high specificity for the discrimination among the eggs of the three Taenia species, T. solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica, using 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a genetic marker. This technique was found to be highly sensitive, capable of identifying the Taenia species from only one egg. This multiplex PCR technique using 18S rDNA specific primers should be suitable to diagnose Taenia eggs.
MALARIA SELF-CARE IN NIMBORAN SUBDISTRICT, JAYAPURA DISTRICT, PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA.
Roosihermiatie B, Widjiartini, Paramita A … +2 more , Nugroho A, Suprapto A
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2017 Jan · PMID 29644814
Papua is one of five provinces with high malaria incidence in Indonesia. In 2009, the Indonesian Ministry of Health issued decree No 293 on malaria elimination. Socioeconomic, culture and psychological conditions, and pe...
Papua is one of five provinces with high malaria incidence in Indonesia. In 2009, the Indonesian Ministry of Health issued decree No 293 on malaria elimination. Socioeconomic, culture and psychological conditions, and perception of malaria are determining factors in seeking treatment. Health seeking behavior also are influenced by enabling factors, such as income and health insurance; and by health providers, such as availability of health care facilities, tariffs and living locationss. Self-care is one form of community participation in knowledge, prevention and early detection of malaria, and in seeking treatment and compliance to malaria treatment, especially among inhabitants in malaria endemic areas. This study was an observation in Nimboran Subdistrict, Jayapura District, Papua Province, Indonesia during 2013. Thirty individuals from ‘Pengurus Rukun Tetangga’ group were chosen randomly for the survey. Facts evaluated were knowledge of cause of malaria, disease transmission, symptoms and complication, diagnosis, treatment and side effects, medical seeking behavior and treatment, vector breeding sites, and attitude towards compliance of malaria treatment and use of mosquito nets. Self-care against malaria was considered important by 65% of the respondents. All participants had visited health centers and complied with prescribed drug regimen. All respondents with malaria-infected neighbors visited health centers. Regarding antimalarial malaria drugs, the majority of respondents knew of Darplex® and were aware that a common side effect of antimalarials was tinnitus. The majority of respondents identified ponds as malaria vector breeding places and recognized the importance of managing vectors in malaria prevention. The study concludes that malaria self-care was needed for awareness, prevention and treatment of this debilitating disease.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND STRESS LEVELS AMONG SENIOR DENTAL STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE.
Yusof ZYM, Hassan WNW, Razak IA … +3 more , Hashim SMN, Tahir MKAM, Keng SB
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29641164
This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental students’ personality traits and stress levels in relation to dental education programs among senior dental students in University Malaya (UM) in Malaysia and N...
This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental students’ personality traits and stress levels in relation to dental education programs among senior dental students in University Malaya (UM) in Malaysia and National University of Singapore (NUS). A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on UM and NUS senior dental students. The questionnaire comprised items on demographic background, the Big Five Inventory Personality Traits (BFIPT) test and a modified Dental Environment Stress (DES) scale. Rasch analysis was used to convert raw data to interval scores. Analyses were done by t-test, Pearson correlation, and Hierarchical regression statistics. The response rate was 100% (UM=132, NUS=76). Personality trait Agreeableness (mean=0.30) was significantly more prevalent among UM than NUS students (mean=0.15, p=0.016). In NUS, Neuroticism (mean=0.36) was significantly more prevalent than in UM (mean=0.14, p=0.002). The DES mean score was higher among NUS (mean=0.23) than UM students (mean=0.07). In UM, Neuroticism was significantly correlated with stress levels (r=0.338, p<0.001). In NUS, these were Neuroticism (r=0.278, p=0.015), Agreeableness (r=0.250, p=0.029) and Conscientiousness (r=-0.242, p=0.035) personality traits. The correlation was strongest for personality trait Neuroticism in both schools. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender and Neuroticism were significant predictors for students’ stress levels (p<0.05) with the latter exerting a bigger effect size (R2=0.18) than gender (R2=004). This study showed that gender and Neuroticism personality trait were significant predictors for stress levels among selected groups of dental students in Southeast Asia. Information on students’ personality may be useful in new students’ intake, stress management counseling and future program reviews.
ON THE PRESENCE OF A TAENIA SAGINATA-LIKE PARASITE IN A TODDLER IN THAILAND.
Galán-Puchades MT, Fuentes MV
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29641163
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CONSUMER EXPECTATION ON SERVICE QUALITY PROVIDE BY PHARMACIST IN SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA.
Alfian SD, Sinuraya RK, Kautsar AP … +1 more , Abdulah R
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29641162
Self-medication is the use of medicines for therapeutic intent without a clinician’s advice or prescription. The National Socioeconomic Survey for Indonesia in 2009 found the percentage of the Indonesians engaging in sel...
Self-medication is the use of medicines for therapeutic intent without a clinician’s advice or prescription. The National Socioeconomic Survey for Indonesia in 2009 found the percentage of the Indonesians engaging in self-medication is increasing. The objectives of this study were to assess consumers’ expectations regarding service quality provide by pharmacist in self-medication practices and determine the factors associated with self-medication in Bandung, Indonesia. We conduct a cross-sectional survey at eight randomly selected community pharmacies during July-November 2012 and purposely sampled 1,200 costumers purchasing medication at those sites. Subjects reported they understood the information about the medicines given by the pharmacist but still wanted more information and time to consult with the pharmacist about their medicines. Factors associated with self-medication were younger age, male gender, greater education and lower income. The intervention is needed to improve appropriate self-medication.
PERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL FACTORS RELATED TO SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG RURAL VIETNAMESE ADOLESCENTS.
Lee H
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29634201
The purpose of this study was to explore the level of suicidal ideation and its personal, peer- and family-related factors among rural Vietnamese adolescents. A self-administered survey was conducted with 171 students fr...
The purpose of this study was to explore the level of suicidal ideation and its personal, peer- and family-related factors among rural Vietnamese adolescents. A self-administered survey was conducted with 171 students from two middle schools in two communes of Quang-Tri Province in Vietnam. Suicidal ideation and risk factors were measured using the Vietnamese version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 14.2%, and no gender differences were found. The major risk factors associated with suicidal ideation were feelings of loneliness, having no close friends, and parental drinking. The findings suggest that student interpersonal skills, and family and community involvement are key considerations for the development of a suicide prevention program for this population. Further research is suggested to develop and evaluate a school-based culturally adaptive suicide prevention program.
BURNOUT AND OCCUPATIONAL PARTICIPATION AMONG TURKISH DENTAL STUDENTS.
Eren H, Huri M, Bağış N … +4 more , Başıbüyük O, Şahin S, Umaroğlu M, Orhan K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29634200
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout and occupational participation limitation among dental students in a dental school in Turkey. Four hundred fifty-eight dental students (females=15...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout and occupational participation limitation among dental students in a dental school in Turkey. Four hundred fifty-eight dental students (females=153; males=305) were included in the study. The age range varied from 17-to-38 years. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Version (MBI-SV) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were used to gather data. Descriptive analyses, t-test, and Kruskall-Wallis test for independent groups were used for data analyses. The results indicated that 26% of all the students have burnout in terms of emotional exhaustion (25%), cynicism (18%), and academic efficacy (14%). The results showed that burnout is statistically significant in relation to demographics (p<0.05). Twenty-four percent of the students showed considerably decreased occupational performance and satisfaction scores, which suggested occupational participation limitations. Occupational performance and satisfaction scores were inversely correlated with emotional exhaustion and cynicism, while directly correlated with reduced academic efficacy (p<0.05). The results of the present study indicates that burnout and occupational participation limitation can be seen among dental students. Students with burnout may also have occupational participation limitation. Enriching dental education programs with different psychological strategies may be useful for education of healthy dentists and improve the quality of oral and dental health services.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIAC IRON OVERLOAD AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA IN NORTHERN THAILAND.
Tantiworawit A, Tapanya S, Phrommintikul A … +7 more , Saekho S, Rattarittamrong E, Norasetthada L, Chai-Adisaksopha C, Hantrakool S, Charoenkwan P, Chattipakorn N
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Nov · PMID 29634199
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death among thalassemia patients in Thailand. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of cardiac iron overload, cardiovascular complications and the associated...
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death among thalassemia patients in Thailand. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of cardiac iron overload, cardiovascular complications and the associated risk factors. The information obtained will serve as a guidance for surveillance, prevention and early treatment of the complications. We conducted a cross sectional study of Thai patients with thalassemia attending Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Cardiac T2* magnetic resonance imaging (CMR T2*) was used to evaluate the myocardial iron deposition and echocardiography was used to evaluate the cardiac function and to identify pulmonary hypertension. Ninety-one patients were included in the study; 64% females with a median age of 31 (16-75) years. Of the total study subjects, 49% had homozygous β thalassemia, 32% had β thalassemia/Hb E disease, and 19% had Hb H disease. Half the participants were transfusion-dependent and 84% had received iron chelation. The CMR T2* showed cardiac iron overload in 10 patients (11%). The maximum ferritin level in the previous 3 years was higher among the patients with cardiac iron overload (6,310 ng/ml) than among the patients without cardiac iron overload (3,352 ng/ml) (p=0.001). Twenty-one patients (23%) had cardiovascular complications. Cardiomyopathy was seen in 8% of patients [17% in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and none in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT)] and pulmonary hypertension in 15% of patients (14% in patients with TDT and 16% in patients with NTDT). TDT and cardiac iron overload were significantly associated with cardiomyopathy. No risk factors were found to be significantly associated with pulmonary hypertension. In summary, cardiac iron overload and cardiomyopathy are important complications in TDT while pulmonary hypertension is seen in both TDT and NTDT. Iron chelation and monitoring of serum ferritin level will prevent cardiac iron overload and cardiomyopathy. Interval monitoring with echocardiography will help with early identification of the cardiac complications.
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