Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS AMONG ABORIGINAL SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA.
Anuar TS, Bakar NH, Al-Mekhlafi HM … +2 more , Moktar N, Osman E
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405127
The epidemiology and environmental factors affecting transmission of human microsporidiosis are poorly understood. We conducted the present study to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with asymptomatic...
The epidemiology and environmental factors affecting transmission of human microsporidiosis are poorly understood. We conducted the present study to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with asymptomatic intestinal microsporidiosis among aboriginal school children in the Kuala Krau District, Pahang State, Malaysia. We collected stool samples from 255 school children and examined the samples using Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun stain. We also collected demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and personal hygiene information using a pre-tested questionnaire. Sixty-nine of the children was positive for microsporidia: 72.5% and 27.5% were low (1+) and moderate (2+) excretions of microsporidia spores, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed being aged 10 years (p = 0.026), using an unsafe water supply as a source for drinking water (p = 0.044) and having close contact with domestic animals (p = 0.031) were all significantly associated with microsporidial infection among study subjects. Our findings suggest asymptomatic intestinal microsporidiosis is common in the study population, more than previously reported. In the study population, control measures need to be implemented, such as good personal hygiene, proper sanitation and safe drinking water supply.
LEPTOSPIROSIS INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN MALAYSIA.
Tan WL, Soelar SA, Mohd Suan MA … +4 more , Hussin N, Cheah WK, Verasahib K, Goh PP
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405126
Leptospirosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Oceania. Malaysia was categorized as a probable endemic country without any available data. Thus, this study was conducted to dete...
Leptospirosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Oceania. Malaysia was categorized as a probable endemic country without any available data. Thus, this study was conducted to determine incidence, case fatality rate and mortality rate of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is a notifiable disease in Malaysia since 2010 whereby probable or confirmed cases must be notified to relevant health district office. There were 3,665 and 4,457 probable and laboratory confirmed leptospirosis cases notified in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In the 2-year period, the most common age group of patients was 19 years old or less (23.3%) with male:female ratio of 2.61:1. Students consisted about 16.9% of patients, followed by agriculture-based or plantation workers (14.7%). Overall age-standardized incidence rate of leptospirosis in Malaysia for 2012 and 2013 was 29.02 per 100,000. Overall case fatality rate was 1.47% for 2-year period and overall age-standardized mortality rate was 0.45 per 100,000. Leptospirosis is an emerging public health concern in Malaysia and may pose a significant health impact and burden to the nation in the coming years if not well controlled.
KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS CONCERNING EBOLA IN MALATYA, TURKEY.
Ozer A, Gokce A, Seyitoglu DC
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405125
The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge levels of Inonu University medical faculty students regarding Ebola. This descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted between November and December, 2014 at I...
The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge levels of Inonu University medical faculty students regarding Ebola. This descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted between November and December, 2014 at Inonu University Medical Faculty. After the researchers performed the literature review, a questionnaire comprising 39 questions was prepared, and the students were asked to fill them out. Nine hundred and eighty-four of 1,298 students (75.8%) participated in the study. Seventy-three point seven percent knew that the Ebola virus disease had high fatality rate, 51.9% of them knew that the primary method of infection was contact with the secretions of dead animals and humans, and 55.2% knew that it was transmitted via the blood of infected animals. The rate of knowing that there was no specific vaccination was 62.1%, while the knowledge that there was no specific treatment was 45.3%; 80.4% knew that all the people entering the patient's room had to wear gloves and liquid-resistant aprons, and 77.3% knew that the number of the staff caring for the patient must be reduced to the minimum level. Three knowledge points were calculated in the study: 'Knowledge Points on Ebola Virus Disease Factor Properties and the Methods of Infection,' 'Ebola Virus Disease Symptom Knowledge Points,' and 'Ebola Virus Disease Protection Knowledge Points.' In terms of these knowledge points, the knowledge levels of the students between the classes were significantly different.
FIRST DETECTION OF CHICKEN ANEMIA VIRUS AND NOROVIRUS GENOGROUP II IN STOOL OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN TAIWAN.
Tang MB, Chang HM, Wu WC … +2 more , Chou YC, Yu CP
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405124
To date, there has been no report of co-infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) with enteric virus in patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). CAV has been recently detected in various types of human samples including...
To date, there has been no report of co-infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) with enteric virus in patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). CAV has been recently detected in various types of human samples including stool, indicating pathogenicity in gastrointestinal tract. Examination by PCR-based methods of CAV and norovivus genogroup II (NV GII) in stool of 110 children with AGE at a hospital in Taiwan revealed for the first time of co-infection in two cases. This is the first description of CAV infection in children with AGE in Taiwan. Systematic surveillance and evidence-based studies are required to determine the transmission pathways and spread of CAV in Taiwan.
EFFICACY OF THAI NEEM OIL AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) LARVAE.
Silapanuntakul S, Keanjoom R, Pandii W … +2 more , Boonchuen S, Sombatsiri K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405123
Trees with larvicidal activity may be found in Thailand. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and length of efficacy of Thai neem (Azadirachta siamensis) oil emulsion and an alginate bead of Thai neem oil for...
Trees with larvicidal activity may be found in Thailand. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and length of efficacy of Thai neem (Azadirachta siamensis) oil emulsion and an alginate bead of Thai neem oil formulation against early fourth stage Aedes aegypti larvae using a dipping test. The Thai neem oil emulsion had significantly greater larvicidal activity than the alginate bead formulation at 12 to 60 hours post-exposure (p < 0.01). The Thai neem oil formulation resulted in 100% mortality among the early fourth stage Aedes aegypti larvae at 48 hours, while the alginate bead formulation resulted in 98% larval mortality at 84 hours and 100% mortality at 96 hours. The mean larval mortality using the Thai neem oil emulsion dropped to < 25% by 12 days and with the alginate beads dropped to < 25% by 15 days of exposure.
PREVALENCE OF TREMATODE LARVAE IN INTERMEDIATE HOSTS: SNAILS AND FISH IN KO AE SUB-DISTRICT OF KHUEANG NAI, UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCE, THAILAND.
Sripa J, Kiatsopit N, Piratae S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405122
Ko Ae Sub-district of Khueang Nai, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand is located in an endemic area for Opisthorchis viverrini and other fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) infection. This study shows the status in Ko...
Ko Ae Sub-district of Khueang Nai, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand is located in an endemic area for Opisthorchis viverrini and other fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) infection. This study shows the status in Ko Ae Sub-district of FZT infection based on availability of intermediate hosts and necessary requirements for the transmission of FZT. A cross-sectional survey of intermediate hosts of FZT, including Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos and cyprinoid fish, was conducted from April 2013 to December 2014. Examination of 1,000 snails revealed 3.4% were infected with trematode cercariae, with a density of infection greater than 100 cercariae per infected snail. Six groups of morphologically-distinguishable trematode cercariae were identified, namely, cystophorous, echinostome, furcocercous, mutabile, parapleurolophocercous, and xiphidio, the latter being the most predominant type. Among 250 cyprinoid fish samples with metacercariae present at their caudal fins and examined for FZT by pepsin digestion, metacer- cariae of Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, and Centrocestus formosanus were found. Unidentified metacercariae collected from fish caudal fins were subsequently shown using a PCR-based assay to be C. formosanus. No infection by O. viverrini in the intermediate hosts, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos and cyprinoid fish was evident. The study provides new information regarding trematode larvae infection in the primary and secondary intermediate hosts of FZT in this area of Thailand.
TAENIA SAGINATA INFECTION IN A 14-MONTH-OLD TODDLER.
Sitcharungsil R, Watthanakulpanich D
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405121
A 14-month-old female toddler presented with a 3-day history of pass- ing gravid proglottids of Taenia saginata. Neither she nor her family members had a history of eating raw beef or other raw meat. Single doses of praz...
A 14-month-old female toddler presented with a 3-day history of pass- ing gravid proglottids of Taenia saginata. Neither she nor her family members had a history of eating raw beef or other raw meat. Single doses of praziquantel and niclosamide were administered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest described patient with T. saginata infection to date.
MITOCHONDRIAL GENE SEQUENCES AMONG DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATES OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA.
Jia XM, Li CY, Li M … +3 more , Zeng J, Zheng SY, Li F
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405120
In order to evaluate differentiate genetic differences among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from Dali Ancient City, Xizhou and Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, China, mitochondrial col, cytb, nd1, nd6, and nd4l were PC...
In order to evaluate differentiate genetic differences among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from Dali Ancient City, Xizhou and Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, China, mitochondrial col, cytb, nd1, nd6, and nd4l were PCR amplified and sequenced, revealing nucleotide difference(s) among these strains of 8, 1, 5, 4, and 0, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. japonicum from the three different geographical locations of Yunnan Province were clustered genetically together and were more similar to S. malayensis and S. mekongi than S. haematobium or S. mansoni. For intra-species differentiation purposes, Schistosoma mitochondrial col, nd1, and nd6 are better genetic markers than cytb and nd41.
PHYLOGENY OF ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN THAILAND BASED ON CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE SUBUNIT I GENE SEQUENCE.
Apichat V, Narongrit S, Jittranuch T … +7 more , Anucha W, Wilaiwan P, Chamaiporn F, Thatcha Y, Bandid M, Aunchalee T, Paron D
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405119
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emerging infectious agent causing eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans with clinical manifestation of severe headache. Molecular genetic studies on classification and...
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emerging infectious agent causing eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans with clinical manifestation of severe headache. Molecular genetic studies on classification and phylogeny of A. cantonensis in Thailand are limited. This study surveyed A. cantonensis larvae prevalence in natural intermediate hosts across Thailand and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships. A total of 14,032 freshwater and land snails were collected from 19 provinces of Thailand. None of Filopaludina sp, Pomacea sp, and Cyclophorus sp were infected with Angiostrongylus larvae, whereas Achatina fulica, Cryptozona siamensis, and Megaustenia siamensis collected from Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Phetchabun, Phitsanulok, and Tak Provinces were infected, with C. siamensis being the common intermediate host. Based on morphology, larvae isolated from 11 samples of these naturally infected snails preliminarily were identified as A. cantonensis. Comparison of partial nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene revealed that four sequences are identical to A. cantonensis haplotype ac4 from Bangkok and the other seven to that of A. cantonensis isolate AC Thai, indicating two independent lineages of A. cantonensis in Thailand.
PFMDR1 POLYMORPHISMS INFLUENCE ON IN VITRO SENSITIVITY OF THAI PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ISOLATES TO PRIMAQUINE, SITAMAQUINE AND TAFENOQUINE.
Kaewpruk N, Tan-ariya P, Ward SA … +3 more , Sitthichot N, Suwandittakul N, Mungthin M
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405118
Primaquine (PQ), an 8-aminoquinoline, is considered a tissue schizonticide drug for radical cure in vivax and ovale malaria, with minimal impact on asexual erythrocytic stages at therapeutic concentrations. Tafenoquine (...
Primaquine (PQ), an 8-aminoquinoline, is considered a tissue schizonticide drug for radical cure in vivax and ovale malaria, with minimal impact on asexual erythrocytic stages at therapeutic concentrations. Tafenoquine (TQ), a new 8-aminoquinoline analog of PQ, is active against both malaria parasite tissue and blood stages and is being promoted as a drug candidate for antimalarial chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis and potential transmission blocking against Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. This study compared in vitro sensitivity of Thai P. falciparum isolates against three 8-aminoquinolines, PQ, TQ and sitamaquine (SQ), a related 8-aminoquinoline and assessed the importance of pfmdr1 polymorphism on the in vitro response. Seventy-eight laboratory adapted Thai P. falciparum isolates were evaluated for in vitro sensitivity to the three 8-aminoquinolines using a radioisotopic assay, and pfmdr1 polymorphisms were determined using PCR-based methods. All three drugs have weak antiplasmodial activity against asexual erythrocytic stage with SQ being the most potent by almost 10 folds. Cross susceptibility was observed in all three 8-aminoquinolines. Parasites containing pfmdr1 86Y, 184Y or 1034S allele exhibit significantly higher PQ IC₅₀. TQ sensitivity was reduced in those parasites containing pfmdr1 86Y, 1034S or 1042N allele. However, there was no significant influence of pfmdr1 alleles on SQ sensitivity. The data highlight unique differences among three representative 8-aminoquinoline drugs that may be useful in understanding their potential utility in antimalarial development.
LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF MALARIA EPIDEMIOLOGY IN AN ISOLATED VILLAGE IN WESTERN THAILAND: I. STUDY SITE AND ADULT ANOPHELINE BIONOMICS.
Zollner G, Sattabongkot J, Vaughan JA … +5 more , Kankaew P, Robert LL, Thimasarn K, Sithiprasasna R, Coleman RE
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 May · PMID 27405117
This is the first in a series of papers describing the epidemiology of malaria in an isolated village in western Thailand. The study site was the village of Kong Mong Tha, located in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi...
This is the first in a series of papers describing the epidemiology of malaria in an isolated village in western Thailand. The study site was the village of Kong Mong Tha, located in Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. In this paper we present an overview of the study site and results from our adult anopheline mosquito surveillance conducted over 56 consecutive months from June 1999 until January 2004. The collection site, indoor/outdoor location, parity, biting activity and Plasmodiumfalciparum (Pf) and P. vivax (Pv) infection rates were used to calculate seasonal entomological inoculation rates for the predominant four Anopheles species. A total of 21,566 anophelines representing 28 distinct species and 2 groups that were not identified to species were collected using human bait, with almost 95% of the collection consisting of Anopheles minimus, An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni and An. barbirostris/campestris. Mosquitoes generally peaked during the wet season, were collected throughout the night, and were collected most often outside (ca. 75%) versus inside (ca. 25%) of houses. Approximately 50% of collected mosquitoes were parous. Overall Plasmodium infection rates were 0.27%, with a total of 16 and 42 pools of Pf- and Pv-positive mosquitoes, respectively. Annual EIRs were 2.3 times higher for Pv than for Pf, resulting in approximately 5.5 and 2.6 infective bites per person per year, respectively. The results suggest An. minimus and An. maculatus are the primary and secondary vectors of Pf and Pv transmission in Kong Mong Tha, while An. sawadwongporni and An. barbirostris/campestris also appear to play a role based on the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) in the head/thorax of the specimens tested.
COMPARISON OF CHILDREN'S FOLLOW-ON INSTANT POWDERED COW'S MILK FORMULA, BUFFALO MILK FORMULA AND CHICKEN-BASED FORMULA ON ENAMEL MICROHARDNESS OF BOVINE TEETH IN VITRO.
Vongsavan K, Rirattanapong P, Surarit R
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244971
Dental caries are a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of children's follow-on instant powdered cow's milk formula, buffalo milk formula and a chicken-based formula on...
Dental caries are a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of children's follow-on instant powdered cow's milk formula, buffalo milk formula and a chicken-based formula on microhardness of bovine enamel with artificial caries-like lesions. Forty bovine teeth were each placed in acrylic blocks and the enamel surfaces were polished to create flat 5 x 5 millimeter surfaces. The teeth surfaces were then demineralized using 0.1M lactic acid (pH 4.5) to achieve an enamel microhardness of 35-65 Vickers Hardness Numbers (VHN). All specimens were then randomly allocated into one of 4 groups (n=10/group). For remineralization, each group was soaked in a different kind of milk formula for 2 hours at 37°C except group 1 which was a negative control (artificial saliva) group. Group 2 was soaked in Murrah™ buffalo milk formula (a positive control ), group 3 in S-26-Promil-Gold™ (cow's milk formula) and group 4 in a chicken-based formula (Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University). The microhardness of the specimens was then measured again. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and paired t-test with a 95% confidence interval. After exposure to the formula, the mean VHN for each study group was significantly higher (paired t-test, p < 0.05) except for group 1 (p = 0.345). The mean VHN for the the Murrah™ buffalo milk formula, the chicken-based formula and the S-26-Promil-Gold™ formula group were not significantly different from each other (one-way ANOVA, p > 0.05). In conclusion, S-26-Promil-Gold™ follow-on cow milk formula, Murrah™ buffalo milk formula and the chicken-based formula all increased bovine enamel microhardness after soaking for 2 hours.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF TRANSPORT ACCIDENT MORTALITY IN THAILAND.
Klinjun N, Lim A, Bundhamcharoen K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244970
This study aimed to explore patterns of transport accident mortality in Thailand between 2004 and 2009. Vital Registration (VR) data were obtained from the Thai Ministry of Public Health and corrected causes of death wer...
This study aimed to explore patterns of transport accident mortality in Thailand between 2004 and 2009. Vital Registration (VR) data were obtained from the Thai Ministry of Public Health and corrected causes of death were derived from Verbal Autopsy (VA) data collected in 2005. A total of 136,164 deaths were analyzed. Poisson regression was used for identifying mortality patterns with respect to gender-age groups and province-year groups. Regression coefficients were used to classify mortality trends for the 76 provinces. The estimated number of transport accident deaths was 2.2 times higher than VR records. The mean estimated transport accident mortality rate was 34.5 per 100,000 population. The estimated transport accident mortality rates were highest among males aged 20-29 years and in the central region, lower northern region and Nakhon Ratchasima Province in the northeastern region. The patterns of transport accident mortality rates were separated into nine groups. Increasing trends were found in three provinces in the northern region, four provinces in the central and eastern regions and five provinces in the southern region. Nine models developed for these nine groups may be helpful for estimating future transport accident mortality rates in Thailand and developing appropriate responses.
MODELING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC AND REGIONAL PREVALENCE AND TRENDS OF SMOKING IN THAI MALES.
Lim A, McNeil D
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244969
This study aimed to describe using national survey data the demographic and regional prevalence and trends of smoking in Thai males during the past 25 years. Data from eight national surveys conducted by the National Sta...
This study aimed to describe using national survey data the demographic and regional prevalence and trends of smoking in Thai males during the past 25 years. Data from eight national surveys conducted by the National Statistics Office from 1986 to 2011 were used to examine the prevalence of smoking. Males aged 15 and older were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to model smoking patterns, according to year of survey, age group, urbanization, and Public Health Area (PHA). The prevalence of smoking among males aged 15 years and older in 2011 was 38.4%. Sharply increasing smoking prevalence was found in the 15-24 years-old age group in all surveys. Before survey year 1999, the prevalence of smoking started to level off near retirement age, and subsequently, it leveled off after 40 years of age. The prevalence of smoking in all age groups decreased after 1986 except in the 15-19 years-old age group. Higher prevalence of smoking was found in rural areas. Males from the Northeast and the lower South regions had the highest prevalence. More effective anti-smoking policies should focus on males aged below 25 years to reduce the increasing prevalence of smoking in this group.
A STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELENIUM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA.
Mutakin, Rivai IF, Setiawan A … +6 more , Abdulah R, Kobayashi K, Yamazaki C, Kameo S, Nakazawa M, Koyama H
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244968
Selenium deficient areas have been associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in some countries. In this study, we investigated the correlation between cardiovascular disease prevalence and selenium co...
Selenium deficient areas have been associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in some countries. In this study, we investigated the correlation between cardiovascular disease prevalence and selenium concentration in paddy soil and rice grains, the main staple food in Lampung, Indonesia. Paddy soil and rice samples (n(s) = 35) from eight regencies (n(d) = 8) in Lampung were analyzed for selenium content. The prevalences of heart disease, stroke, and hypertension in those regencies were obtained from the Ministry of Health of Indonesia. The Shapiro-Wilk's test was used to examine the data distribution. The Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlation between cardiovascular disease prevalence and selenium concentration in the paddy soil and rice grains. Heart disease prevalence was negatively correlated with the selenium concentration in the paddy soil (r = -0.77, p = 0.02) and rice grain (r = -0.71, p = 0.05). A negative correlation was seen for stroke prevalence and selenium concentration in paddy soil (r = -0.76, p = 0.02). Hypertension prevalence was negatively correlated with the selenium concentration in the rice grains (r = -0.83, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that the selenium concentration in paddy soil and rice grains in the Lampung area may play a role in the fact the area has the lowest cardiovascular disease prevalence in Indonesia. Keywords: selenium, cardiovascular diseases, paddy soil, rice grain, Indonesia
RATE OF ADHERENCE TO AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT PROGRAM (MMTP) COMPLIANCE AMONG INJECTING DRUG USE PATIENTS IN NEPAL.
Sharma V, Chamroonswasdi K, Srisorrachatr S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244967
We conducted a survey to determine the rate of adherence to and factors associated with compliance with a methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) among injecting drug users in Nepal. We conducted face-to-face stru...
We conducted a survey to determine the rate of adherence to and factors associated with compliance with a methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) among injecting drug users in Nepal. We conducted face-to-face structured interviews with 165 methadone treatment patients aged 20-54 years during 5-20 April 2015. Data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. Seventy-two point one percent of respondents had good adherence to a MMTP. Multiple logistic regression with 81.8% prediction showed respondents without a previous history of relapse were 2.7 times more likely to adhere to the MMTP than those with a history of relapse [Adjusted OR = 2.772; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.163-6.605]. Respondents with a good knowledge of the MMTP 9.4 times more likely to be adherent to the MMTP than those with a poor to fair knowledge of the MMTP (Adjusted OR = 9.464; 95% CI: 3.873-23.126). The likelihood of MMTP adherence was 4.5 times more likely when methadone treatment services were available than those where the availability of methadone treatment services were low to moderate (Adjusted OR = 4.553; 95% CI: 1.883-11.008). Knowledge and availability of MMTP need to be improved in the study area in Nepal.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN D STATUS AMONG THAI CHILDREN AGED 3-13 YEARS.
Senaprom S, Yamborisut U, Rojroongwasinkul N … +4 more , Wimonpeerapattana W, Purttiponthanee S, Khouw I, Deurenberg P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244966
The impact of vitamin D status on bone health and other health conditions is receiving increasingly attention. We aimed to determine the association between environmental factors and vitamin D intake by examining serum 2...
The impact of vitamin D status on bone health and other health conditions is receiving increasingly attention. We aimed to determine the association between environmental factors and vitamin D intake by examining serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in Thai children. We conducted a cross sectional study among 477 Thai children from 4 regions in Thailand. Vitamin D intake was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire completed by the older children or by the parents for younger children. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A serum 25(OH)D level was examined for each subject using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the association between studied factors and the serum 25(OH)D level. The final model showed a significant association between sunlight exposure and the serum 25(OH)D level (β = 0.65, p < 0.01), but not between dietary vitamin D intake and the serum 25(OH)D level (p = 0.01, p = 0.77), suggesting sunlight exposure is more important for the vitamin D status than dietary vitamin D intake.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS WITH SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SHIRAZ, SOUTHERN IRAN.
Bahrani R, Chan YM, Khor GL … +3 more , Rahman HA, Esmailzadeh A, Wong TW
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244965
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with socio-economic factors among 14-18 year-old adolescents in Shiraz, Iran. Using a multistage ra...
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with socio-economic factors among 14-18 year-old adolescents in Shiraz, Iran. Using a multistage random sampling, a total of 538 (289 males and 249 females) adolescents consented to the study. Socio-economic status was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire while presence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components was ascertained using NCEP-ATP III criteria. The relationships between the participants' socio-economic status and metabolic syndrome and its components were determined using bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Approximately 6% of the adolescents had metabolic syndrome, with significantly more males than females (9.3% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001). The most commonly found abnormality was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (42.4%), followed by hypertensive (16.3%). The prevalence rates of elevated triglycerides, abdominal obesity and high fasting plasma glucose were 15.6%, 8.6% and 3.1%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was significantly more prevalent in obese participants (44.4%) than those with normal body weight (2.0%) or overweight (9.3%). There were positive associations between the components of metabolic syndrome and parental education, school location and household monthly income. Having a family history of obesity was associated with metabolic syndrome after controlling for other variables (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.9-5.2, p = 0.042). Overweight and obese subjects were approximately 8 times and 15 times more likely to develop metabolic syndrome, respectively (overweight: OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 3.6-17.2; obese: OR = 15.4; 95% CI: 4.8-43.7). In conclusion, a positive association exists between socio-economic status and metabolic syndrome and its individual components among the studied participants. An intervention program to prevent metabolic syndrome needs to be developed for this young generation, especially among those who are overweight or obese and those with a family history of obesity. Keywords: adolescents, metabolic syndrome, components of metabolic syndrome, socio-economic status, Iran
OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG 13-15 YEARS OLD STUDENTS IN THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS MEMBER COUNTRIES, 2007-2014.
Pengpid S, Peltzer K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244964
The aim of this study was to assess overweight or obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. The analysis included 30,284 school chi...
The aim of this study was to assess overweight or obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. The analysis included 30,284 school children 13-15 years of age from seven ASEAN members participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2007 and 2013. The overall prevalence of overweight or obesity across seven ASEAN countries (excluding Brunei) was 9.9%, significantly higher in boys (11.5%) than in girls (8.3%). Among eight ASEAN countries, the highest prevalence of overweight or obesity was in Brunei Darus-salam (36.1%), followed by Malaysia (23.7%), and the lowest was in Myanmar (3.4%) and Cambodia (3.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that younger age, coming from an upper middle country, never been hungry, and not walking or biking to school were associated with overweight or obesity. In addition, among boys, having three or more servings of vegetables per day and having no close friends, and among girls, having fast foods two or more times per week, been victims of bullying and having peer support were additional factors associated with overweight or obesity. Increased strategies utilizing a number of the risk factors identified are needed to prevent and treat overweight or obesity in adolescents in ASEAN member countries.
FRANCISELLA-LIKE ENDOSYMBIONT IN A TICK COLLECTED FROM A CHICKEN IN SOUTHERN THAILAND.
Rakthong P, Ruang-Areerate T, Baimai V … +2 more , Trinachartvanit W, Ahantarig A
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Mar · PMID 27244963
Francisella is a genus of bacterial pathogens potentially lethal to humans. We report here for the first time a novel Francisella-like endosymbiont discovered in a hard-tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) obtained from...
Francisella is a genus of bacterial pathogens potentially lethal to humans. We report here for the first time a novel Francisella-like endosymbiont discovered in a hard-tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) obtained from a chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Thailand. The phylogenetic results indicate the 16S rDNA sequences of this Francisella bacterium form a unique clade with the Francisella-like endosymbiont of the tick species, Amblyomma varanense and Amblyomma helvolum, that have previously been found on snakes in Thailand. This species of Francisella is in a different group from the other Francisella-like endosymbionts previously reported from other countries. No Francisella was detected in Haemaphysalis wellingtoni ticks obtained from chickens in this study.
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