Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
GENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EVIDENCES OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN DOG IN THAILAND.
Sthitmatee N, Jinawan W, Jaisan N … +5 more , Tangjitjaroen W, Chailangkarn S, Sodarat C, Ekgatat M, Padungtod P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086427
Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted from animals to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes. Although Lyme disease has been reported...
Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted from animals to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes. Although Lyme disease has been reported in China and Japan, the disease has never been reported in Thailand. Blood samples and ticks were collected from 402 dogs from 7 and 3 animal clinics in Chiang Mai and Phuket Provinces, Thailand, respectively. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against B. burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp, Ehrlichia spp and Dirofilaria immitis using a commercial kit, and positive blood samples were subjected to nested PCR assay for B. burgdorferi fla, ospA and ospC, amplicons of which also were sequenced. Only one dog (from Chiang Mai) was positive for B. burgdorferi, with 97% to 100% genetic identity, depending on the sequences used for comparison, with strains from United State of America. All 376 ticks collected were Rhipicephalus sanguineus, but no tick was found on the infected dog. Further investigations of the infection source and vector are needed to understand potential risks of Lyme disease to dogs and humans in Thailand.
PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM NOSE AND THROAT OF PATIENTS ON ADMISSION TO MEDICAL WARDS OF DR SOETOMO HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA.
Kuntaman K, Hadi U, Setiawan F … +5 more , Koendori EB, Rusli M, Santosaningsih D, Severin J, Verbrugh HA
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086426
Epidemiological data of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in Indonesian hospitals are still scarce. These data are required for health management of infectious diseases in order to control hospi...
Epidemiological data of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in Indonesian hospitals are still scarce. These data are required for health management of infectious diseases in order to control hospital MRSA. The carriage rate of MRSA in nose and throat of patients on admission to Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia was 8.1% of 643 patients, 5.4% from throat, 3.9% from nose and 1.2% from both sites. Prevalence of MRSA among patients admitted to surgical and non-surgical ward was not different (8.2% and 8.0%, respectively). Although MRSA prevalence in Indonesian hospitals is low compared to many other countries worldwide, appropriate health strategies will be needed to be implemented if this infection is to be controlled.
REPETITIVE SEQUENCE BASED-PCR PROFILING OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157 STRAINS FROM BEEF IN SOUTHERN THAILAND.
Sukhumungoon P, Tantadapan R, Rattanachuay P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086425
Beef and its products are potential vehicles of Escherichia coli O157, the most important serotype implicated in many large outbreaks of diarrheal infection in humans worldwide. There is a need for rapid detection of con...
Beef and its products are potential vehicles of Escherichia coli O157, the most important serotype implicated in many large outbreaks of diarrheal infection in humans worldwide. There is a need for rapid detection of contaminated food in order to implement appropriate and effective control measures. In this study, repetitive sequence (rep)-PCR, using three different primers, BOXA1R, ERIC2 and (GTG)5, singly and in combinations, were employed to compare the genetic relatedness among E. coli O157 group with other diarrheagenic E. coli strains as controls. Although a combination of BOXA1R + ERIC2 + (GTG)5 primers generated a rep-PCR profile containing the highest number of amplicon bands among the DEC strains tested, dendrogram (at 80% similarity) exhibited the lowest DEC classification of 5 clusters, whereas that from BOXA1R or BOXA1R+ (GTG)5 rep-PCR profiling produced 8 clusters. Nevertheless, focusing E. coli O157 strains were grouped into 4 clusters irrespective of the rep-PCR profiles analyzed, and all 14 but two, PSU60 and PSU132, E. coli O157 strains isolated from beef in southern Thailand during 2012 to 2014 fell into a single cluster. Thus, rep-PCR profiling generated with BOXA1R or BOXA1R + (GTG)5 is sufficient for distinguishing among DEC strains, including E. coli O157 in southern Thailand.
EX VIVO ADHERENCE TO MURINE ILEAL, BIOFILM FORMATION ABILITY AND PRESENCE OF ADHERENCE-ASSOCIATED OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Sukkua K, Rattanachuay P, Sukhumungoon P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086424
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are important bacteria causing gastrointestinal infection, which can lead to severe forms of illnesses. This study focused on DEC adherent capabilities using murine intestinal tissue...
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are important bacteria causing gastrointestinal infection, which can lead to severe forms of illnesses. This study focused on DEC adherent capabilities using murine intestinal tissue as a model. Ex vivo adherence results showed that enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain PSU280 exhibited the highest level of adherence, followed by strains from ETEC category. Scanning electron micrographs displayed tight binding and putative bacterial curli fibers, including putative fimbrial structures. The presence of putative curli fibers was confirmed by the presence of csgA, a curli major structural subunit gene. Five and 3 of 15 DEC possessed lpf (encoding long polar fimbriae) and agn43 (encoding antigen43), respectively. Comparable biofilm formation efficiency but variable levels autoaggregation were observed among the DEC strains. In addition, yeast agglutination could be visualized in 11/15 strains. This study demonstrates the adherent ability of DEC strains isolated in southern Thailand as well as a number of crucial adherence-associated genes, information of importance to the understanding of DEC pathogenesis in this region of the country.
SEROTYPES AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA ISOLATED FROM PORK, CHICKEN MEAT AND LETTUCE, BANGKOK AND CENTRAL THAILAND.
Niyomdecha N, Mungkornkaew N, Samosornsuk W
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086423
Food of animal origins, particularly pork and chicken meat, has long been recognized as major sources of human salmonellosis. There have been recent reports of human salmonellosis outbreaks due to consumption of leafy gr...
Food of animal origins, particularly pork and chicken meat, has long been recognized as major sources of human salmonellosis. There have been recent reports of human salmonellosis outbreaks due to consumption of leafy green vegetables such as lettuce. In this study, 120 (40 pork, 40 chicken meat and 40 lettuce) samples were randomly collected from retail markets in Bangkok and central Thailand during June to August 2015 for Salmonella serotype identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Salmonella was found in 82%, 62% and 20% of pork, chicken meat and lettuce samples, respectively. The top 5 most common Salmonella serotypes were Panama (15%), Schwarzengrund (12%), Rissen, Anatum, and Stanley (11% each), Albany (9%), and Indiana (8%). A high percentage of Salmonella isolated from food of animal origin were resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. From antibiogram pattern analysis, the most common serotypes constituted isolates that were multidrug resistant. The study indicates that Salmonella was still present in various kinds of food and that certain serotypes have become predominant, a phenomenon not previously reported in Thailand.
DETECTION OF WU POLYOMAVIRUS AND NOROVIRUS GENOGROUP II IN STOOLS OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN TAIWAN.
Wen TK, Tang MB, Yu CP
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086422
To date, there has been no report of coinfection of human WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) with norovirus (NV). WUPyV has been detected in stool indicating pathogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract. Feces from 110 children (58...
To date, there has been no report of coinfection of human WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) with norovirus (NV). WUPyV has been detected in stool indicating pathogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract. Feces from 110 children (58 males, 52 females) with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Taiwan were screened for the presence of WUPyV and NV GII by PCR and RT-qPCR, respectively revealing three males with WUPyV only and one male with both viruses, the latter being first such report. There are no significant differences in clinical symptoms between patients with and without viral infection. Phylogenetic analysis based on WUPyV VP2 sequences indicated that the four samples are closely related to strains epidemic in China.
IDENTIFICATION OF BAT ECTOPARASITE LEPTOCIMEX INORDINATUS FROM BAT-DWELLING CAVE, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE, THAILAND.
Potiwat R, Sungvornyothin S, Samung Y … +2 more , Payakkapol A, Apiwathnasorn C
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086421
Bat bugs are blood-feeding insects of bats or warm blooded animals and humans. Since 2011, Leptocimex spp (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) has been reported in Thailand. However, microscopic examination of Leptocimex spp is comp...
Bat bugs are blood-feeding insects of bats or warm blooded animals and humans. Since 2011, Leptocimex spp (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) has been reported in Thailand. However, microscopic examination of Leptocimex spp is complicated, especially when the entire body of the specimen is not available. To confirm the phenotypic identification of L. inordinatus from a limestone bat cave in Thailand, partial fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal DNA were PCR amplified and sequenced, which revealed 97% sequence identity with Cimicidae family members, being most similar to Cacodminae gen. sp. and C. vicinus, both bat bugs. Phylogenetic tree construction showed that L. inordinatus has a separate genetic lineage from that of with human bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus or C. lectularius), swallow bugs and other tick species. The presence of L. inordinatus in a bat-dwelling cave frequented by humans presents a potential public health problem requiring attention in particular regarding the possibility of zoonotic transmission of pathogens.
SCHISTOSOMICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE EXTRACT OF ARTOCARPUS LAKOOCHA.
Preyavichyapugdee N, Sangfuang M, Chaiyapum S … +6 more , Sriburin S, Pootaeng-on Y, Chusongsang P, Jiraungkoorskul W, Preyavichyapugdee M, Sobhon P
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2016 Jan · PMID 27086420
Puag-Haad is a traditional anthelmintic drug used to treat taeniasis in Thailand and Lao PDR. It is derived from the aqueous extract of the plant Artocarpus lakoocha. We investigated the in vitro anthelmintic properties...
Puag-Haad is a traditional anthelmintic drug used to treat taeniasis in Thailand and Lao PDR. It is derived from the aqueous extract of the plant Artocarpus lakoocha. We investigated the in vitro anthelmintic properties of Puag-Haad against Schistosoma mansoni. Adult worms were incubated in M-199 medium containing 250, 500 and 750 μg/ml of Puag-Haad or praziquantel (PZQ) at a concentration of 175 μg/ml for 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. The relative motility (RM value), survival index (SI) and tegument alterations seen under scanning electron microscope were assessed at each incubation time. The results showed the crude extract of A. lakoocha at a concentration of 250 μg/ml was more effective in causing damage than PZQ at a concentration of 175 μg/ml using RM and SI values. The major target organ affected by Puag-Haad was the tegument. The damage was greater at higher concentrations of the crude extract. It is likely tetrahydroxystilbene (THS), the main compound in Puag-Haad, caused the damage. THS could be a future candidate as a schistosomal drug. Further studies are needed to explore its mechanism, efficiency and safety in vivo.
FACTORS RELATED TO MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENT RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NORTHEASTERN THAILAND.
Chumpawadee U, Homchampa P, Thongkrajai P … +2 more , Suwanimitr A, Chadbunchachai W
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867401
Young motorcycle drivers in Thailand are at high risk for road traffic accidents. We conducted this study to identify factors associated with motorcycle accident risk behavior (MARB). We studied 372 randomly selected uni...
Young motorcycle drivers in Thailand are at high risk for road traffic accidents. We conducted this study to identify factors associated with motorcycle accident risk behavior (MARB). We studied 372 randomly selected university students aged 18-22 years (mean 20.2 years; women comprised 68.0% of our participants), who attend a government university in northeastern Thailand. Each student was asked to fill out a questionnaire asking about MARB and factors associated with this behavior. The respondents had an average of 6.2 years (SD+3.09) motorcycle driving experience, 72.3% had a motorcycle driver's license and 83.0% had accident insurance. The prevalence of self-reported motorcycle accident injuries was 42.7%. Their major MARB were using a telephone while driving (69.3%), speeding (45.4%), driving with more than one passenger (40.1%), drunk driving (22.1%), and not wearing a helmet (23.3%). Factors related to MARB were: gender, with men engaged in risky behavior more often than women (p < 0.05); duration of motorcycle driving--drivers with > 5 years experience were more likely to engage in risky behavior (p < 0.05); and knowledge of safe driving, those with a greater knowledge of safe driving were more likely to drive safely (p < 0.001). Having a greater awareness of MARB was associated with lower risk of engaging in risky behavior (p < 0.001). Students who engaged in risky behavior were more likely to view it as normal behavior (p < 0.001) and less likely to have adequate self-control (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate a need to strengthen accident prevention programs for university students in northeastern Thailand.
OCCUPATIONAL CARBAMATE POISONING IN THAILAND.
Tongpoo A, Sriapha C, Wongvisawakorn S … +3 more , Rittilert P, Trakulsrichai S, Wananukul W
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867400
Carbamate insecticide is a leading cause of poisoning in Thailand. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical manifestations and modes of occupational exposure in carbamate poisoning cases. We retrospec...
Carbamate insecticide is a leading cause of poisoning in Thailand. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical manifestations and modes of occupational exposure in carbamate poisoning cases. We retrospectively studied all the cases of carbamate poisoning due to occupational exposure recorded in the Ramathibodi Poison Center Toxic Exposure Surveillance system during 2005 to 2010. Demographic data, clinical manifestations and severity were analyzed statistically. During the study period, 3,183 cases were identified, of which 170 (5.3%) were deemed to be due to occupational exposure. Ninety-six cases (56.5%) and 35 cases (20.6%) were poisoned by carbofuran and methomyl, respectively. Carbofuran is sold as a 3% grain and applied by sowing; methomyl is sold as a liquid and is applied by spraying. The majority of poisoned patients did not wear personal protective equipment (PPE) while applying the carbamates. The clinical manifestations of occupational carbofuran poisoning recorded were nausea and vomiting (82.3%), headaches (56.3%) and miosis (19.8%). The clinical manifestations of methomyl poisoning were nausea and vomiting (74.3%), headaches (57.1%) and palpitations (11.4%). Most patients in both groups had mild symptoms. Only one case in each group required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation support. There were no deaths and the lengths of hospitalization ranged from 2 hours to 2 days. Occupational carbamate poisoning cases in our series were mostly mild and the patients recovered quickly. There were only rare cases of serious symptoms. Lack of knowledge and inadequate PPE were the major factors contributing to occupational poisoning. Educating agricultural workers about correct precautions and pesticide use could minimize this type of poisoning.
DENTAL CARIES AND RELATED ORAL HEALTH FACTORS AMONG 9 TO 18 MONTH OLD THAI CHILDREN.
Detsomboonrat P, Pisarnturakit PP
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867399
Dental caries can occur as soon as the first tooth erupts. We studied the caries prevalence and related risk factors among children aged 9-18 months in U Thong District, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. A total of 151 chi...
Dental caries can occur as soon as the first tooth erupts. We studied the caries prevalence and related risk factors among children aged 9-18 months in U Thong District, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. A total of 151 children, whose primary caregivers were willing to participate in this study, were evaluated for decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Questionnaires were given to the primary caregivers of the study subjects to ascertain their socio-economic status, oral hygiene habits, and child-feeding habits. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate bivariate outcome data. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine variables predictive of dental caries in the studied children. The prevalence of dental caries among the 151 subjects was 32.5%; 15.9% had at least one cavity (cavitated caries) and 16.6% had white lesions (non-cavitated caries). The mean dmfs score was 2.83 ± 6.48. Significant associations were seen between the dmfs score and the number of erupted teeth (p < 0.001) and toothpaste usage (p < 0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed four factors significantly associated with caries: number of erupted teeth, which had the highest Beta value (P = 0.35, p < 0.01), nighttime bottle feeding (P = 0.17, p < 0.05), frequency of drinking sweetened milk (P = 0.17-0.18, p < 0.05) and falling asleep with a bottle in the mouth (P = 0.18, p < 0.05). Nighttime bottle feeding, frequency of drinking sweetened milk and falling asleep with a bottle in the mouth were important caries risk factors and the number of erupted teeth was a strong caries risk predictor. Dentists should educate caregivers about these risk factors.
AN INCREASE IN RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA: A COMPARISON OF TWO CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEYS.
Dewi FS, Stenlund H, Hakimi M … +1 more , Weinehall L
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867398
This paper aims to describe changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a five year period in urban Indonesia. In 2004 (n = 3,205) and 2009 (n = 2,467) we conducted cross-sectional surveys of residents...
This paper aims to describe changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a five year period in urban Indonesia. In 2004 (n = 3,205) and 2009 (n = 2,467) we conducted cross-sectional surveys of residents in Yogjakarta City, Indonesia evaluating risk factors for CVD. Smoking habits, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, blood pressure, weight, and height were recorded. The results of these 2 surveys conducted 5 years apart were then compared. The risk for having a CVD event was also calculated. Behavioral CVD risk factors were more common among men. The predicted risk of having a CVD event increased from 8.4% to 11.3% among men between 2004 and 2009. Effective measures need to be taken to change these behaviors among men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
ADVERSE EVENTS POST-DTAP AND DTwP VACCINATION IN THAI CHILDREN.
Fortuna L, Sirivichayakul C, Watanaveeradej V … +2 more , Soonthornworasiri N, Sitcharungsi R
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867397
We conducted a prospective study to compare the development of fever (axillary T ≥ 37.9 °C) within 4 hours of vaccination, determine the proportion of children who develop high fever (T ≥ 39°C) and evaluate parental days...
We conducted a prospective study to compare the development of fever (axillary T ≥ 37.9 °C) within 4 hours of vaccination, determine the proportion of children who develop high fever (T ≥ 39°C) and evaluate parental days missed from work due to their children's vaccination with either the diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) or diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. The results of this study can help physicians and parents decide whether to have their child vaccinated with the DTwP or more expensive DTaP vaccine. We studied 140 healthy Thai children aged 2 months to 6 years from December 2011 to March 2012 who presented for vaccination. Parents recorded their child's temperature, local and systemic adverse reactions and missed days from work due to these adverse events on a diary card. Of the 140 participants, 72 received the DTwP vaccine and 68 received the DTaP vaccine. The median (IQR) age was 4 (2-6) months and the median weight was 7.1 (5.6-8.7) kg. Twenty children developed fever (axillary T ≥ 37.9°C) within 4 hours following vaccination, 17 (23.6%) had received the DTwP vaccine and 3 (4.4%) had received the DTaP vaccine (p = 0.040). One child (1.4%) who had received the DTwP vaccine and none who received the DTaP vaccine developed high fever (T ≥ 39°C) within 4 hours of vaccination (p = 0.329). Parents of two children who received the DTwP vaccine and one child who received the DTaP vaccine missed work following vaccination (p = 0.059). In conclusion, children who received the DTwP vaccines were more likely to have early post-vaccination fever and higher fever but there was no significant difference between the two groups in parental days lost from work.
IMMUNOGENICITY AND SAFETY OF QUINVAXEM® (DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS, HEPATITIS B AND HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE) GIVEN TO VIETNAMESE INFANTS AT 2 TO 4 MONTHS OF AGE.
Huu TN, Phuong NT, Toan NT … +1 more , Thang HV
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867396
Vietnam plans to replace the routine childhood diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus combination (DPT) vaccine with a pentavalent vaccine. The present study was performed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the combin...
Vietnam plans to replace the routine childhood diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus combination (DPT) vaccine with a pentavalent vaccine. The present study was performed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the combined diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis, hepatitis B (HepB), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (DTwP-HepB-Hib) Quinvaxem® vaccine in children. A total of 131 infants received the Quinvaxem® vaccine at 2, 3 and 4 months. Antibody levels were measured at baseline, at one month after the third injection and one year after the first injection. Seroprotection rates were high for each vaccine antigen at one month after the third dose: 93.1% for diphtheria, 98.5% for tetanus, 99.2% for pertussis (seroconversion rate), 93.1% for HepB, and 100% for Hib (anti-PRP ≥ 0.15 µg/ml). The rate of children with protective antibodies persisting at one year after the first dose was 88.4% for diphtheria, 49.6% for pertussis, 82.2% for tetanus, 76.7% for HepB and 97.7% for Hib (anti-PRP ≥ 0.15 µg/ml). The Quinvaxem® vaccine was well tolerated and has a low rate of adverse events. Quinvaxem® given at 2, 3 and 4 months of age was immunogenic and safe for primary immunization among infants in Vietnam.
SAFETY OF A CRM197-CONJUGATED HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE IN KOREAN CHILDREN.
Song H, Bock H, Guadagno A … +6 more , Costantini M, Baehner F, Kim YH, Ahn SI, Son KH, Yim DS
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867395
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a major cause of meningitis and pneumonia with high morbidity and mortality rates in young children. The introduction of effective and well-tolerated conjugate Hib vaccines, has nea...
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a major cause of meningitis and pneumonia with high morbidity and mortality rates in young children. The introduction of effective and well-tolerated conjugate Hib vaccines, has nearly eradicated this disease in many countries. We investigated the safety of the Hib PRP-CRM197 vaccine in a multi-center post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study. Korean children (N = 764) aged 1-33 months were enrolled when receiving a routine primary immunization or a booster vaccine with Hib PRP-CRM197 and solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were recorded using a diary card for 7 and 28 days after each vaccination, respectively. In this study, AEs were reported by 66% of subjects but were generally mild, with 42% of subjects reporting solicited AEs and 46% reporting unsolicited AEs. Among the unsolicited AEs, 98% were determined to be unrelated to the study vaccine. The studied Hib PRP-CRM197 vaccine was well tolerated by the study group and found to have a similar safety profile to that reported in other clinical studies. This vaccine is suitable for routine immunization against Hib disease among Korean children. AEs due to this vaccine will continue to be monitored.
HISTOPLASMOSIS MYOSITIS: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW.
Nimitvilai S, Thammaprasert W, Vinyuvat S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867394
Disseminated histoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining illness that can affect multiple organ systems. Myositis due to histoplasmosis is rare in HIV infected patients. We report here an HIV-infected patient who presented with m...
Disseminated histoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining illness that can affect multiple organ systems. Myositis due to histoplasmosis is rare in HIV infected patients. We report here an HIV-infected patient who presented with myositis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Her HIV was under poor control and her CD4 cell count was only 11 cells/mm3. She responded well to treatment but later succumbed to another opportunistic infection. The literature on disseminated histoplasmosis is reviewed.
THE BURDEN OF INVASIVE NEONATAL GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) DISEASE IN THAILAND AND THE PHILIPPINES.
Villanueva-Uy ME, Wongsiridej P, Sangtawesin V … +7 more , Chiu V, Tallo V, Nazaire-Bermal N, Bock H, Cunnington M, Nan C, Boudville I
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867393
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in infancy, but burden of disease data are scarce for Asia. We performed two hospital-based, prospective, descriptive, observational studies using s...
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in infancy, but burden of disease data are scarce for Asia. We performed two hospital-based, prospective, descriptive, observational studies using similar protocols in the Philippines and Thailand to evaluate neonatal GBS disease epidemiology. Infants aged <90 days with a GBS-positive culture from normally sterile sites using routine microbiological standards were eligible for inclusion. Awareness of GBS symptoms was raised by informing all women at delivery and follow-up for 90 days post-delivery. Infections were classified as early onset disease (EOD) if they occurred within 6 days of birth and late Onset disease (LOD) if they occurred 7-89 days after birth. Due to ethical requirements in Thailand, consent for study participation, including periodic post-discharge telephone calls, was obtained at delivery. Parents in the Philippines gave consent for study participation at case identification. The clinical outcomes of GBS infections were recorded. During the 6-month study period, two cases (one fatal) of EOD were identified among 8,409 live births at the study hospitals in Thailand and three cases (two fatal) of EOD were identified among 11,768 live births reported at the study hospitals in the Philippines. Incidence rates per 1,000 live births were 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0-0.8) and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1-0.8) in Thailand and the Philippines, respectively. There were no cases of reported LOD. The low number of cases precluded analysis of serotype distribution and case fatality rates. Large epidemiological studies are needed to better understand the factors influencing GBS infection incidence in Asia.
BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION USING SSRA ENCODING TRANSFER-MESSENGER RNA.
Osawa K, Shigemura K, Shirai H … +6 more , Kato A, Okuya Y, Jikimoto T, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Shirakawa T
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867392
Abstract. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences are widely used for phylogenetic and bacterial identification. However, rDNA of different species often reveals similar or identical same sequences. This study employed the bacter...
Abstract. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences are widely used for phylogenetic and bacterial identification. However, rDNA of different species often reveals similar or identical same sequences. This study employed the bacterial stable small RNA (ssrA) gene encoding transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) as a tool for identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp and Enterobacteriaceae from clinical isolates as representative groups using PCR and species specific primers. The method correctly identified 11 standard strains and 99 clinical isolates. Quantitative PCR revealed a limit of detection of 10(-5) µg of DNA for S. aureus and Enterococcus spp, and 10(-6) µg for Pseudomonas spp and Enterobacteriaceae. Further studies with a greater number of bacteria especially from clinical samples will need to be undertaken before this bacterial molecular marker can be applied in a clinical setting.
DISSEMINATION OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEQUENCE TYPES AMONG ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY COUNTRIES.
Patchanee P, Boonkhot P, Kittiwan N … +2 more , Tadee P, Chotinun S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867391
Food-borne illness caused by Salmonella enterica remains a public health problem and results in economic loss worldwide. With the up-coming establish- ment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) allowing unrestricted move...
Food-borne illness caused by Salmonella enterica remains a public health problem and results in economic loss worldwide. With the up-coming establish- ment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) allowing unrestricted move- ment of labor and goods, there is a higher risk of pathogen transmission among the AEC countries. This study characterized and investigated the spatial and temporal associations of S. enterica strains isolated in AEC countries during 1940- 2012 compared with those isolated in northern-Thailand during 2011-2013. Of the 173 S. enterica strains examined, 68 sequence types (STs) and 32 clonal complexes (CCs) were identified by multi loci sequence typing. Twenty-one strains belonged to four sequence types new to AEC countries, and they constituted only two CCs. A number of strains originated from various countries with multiple hosts, were highlighted. There was evidence of strains circulating in the AEC region well over a decade. Such information will be important in formulating biosecurity measures, as well as in educating regarding the risk of disease transmission in AEC.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AT SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL, BANGKOK, THAILAND.
Jitmuang A, Munjit P, Foongladda S
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health · 2015 Jul · PMID 26867390
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. We conducted a retrospective unmatched case-contro...
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. We conducted a retrospective unmatched case-control study of patients clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed to have tuber- culosis (TB) at Siriraj Hospital from 2010 to 2012. Patient characteristics, clinical data, microbiological findings, outcomes and drug susceptibilities were recorded. A total of 188 subjects were included in the study; 52.1% (98) were males; the mean age was 48.9 years. Subjects were categorized into one of two groups, as follows: non-MDR-TB (141 patients) and MDR-TB (47 patients). The prevalence of MDR- TB was 2.6%. Co-morbidities of study subjects included diabetes mellitus (16.5%), HIV infection (16%) and cancer (5.9%). One hundred thirty-one patients (69.7%) had pulmonary TB. Factors significantly associated with MDR-TB were age < 65 years (OR = 6.94; 95% CI: 1.02-45.49; p = 0.048), history of TB (OR = 51.86; 95% CI: 12.35-217.79; p < 0.001), HIV co-infection (OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.02-14.38; p = 0.047) and alcohol consumption (OR = 3.90; 95% CI: 1.03-14.72; p = 0.045). Of the 146 patients for whom a clinical outcome was available, 51 (34.9%) had an unfavorable outcome. Poor compliance (OR = 13.51; 95% CI: 3.97-45.45; p < 0.001) and previous history of TB (OR = 8.16; 95% CI: 1.76-37.73; p = 0.007) were associated with an unfavorable outcome. MDR-TB was significantly associated with: patients aged < 65 years, those with a previous history of TB, those with HIV co-infection and those who drank alcohol. These factors should be kept in mind when treating TB patients at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand.
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