Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Establishment of a database for liver cancer ablation and its clinical research value].
Luo YC, Lang ML, Liang P … +1 more , Yu J
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784809 · Full text
The liver cancer ablation specialized disease database is an important tool for interventional practitioners to collect data and conduct scientific research for patients. This article will exemplify the application of a...
The liver cancer ablation specialized disease database is an important tool for interventional practitioners to collect data and conduct scientific research for patients. This article will exemplify the application of a database for liver cancer ablation based on the establishment of a standardized structured disease database so as to elaborate its application in clinical and scientific research. The goal is to improve the management level of ablation data through the construction of specialized disease databases, providing a reference for clinical doctors and researchers in building ablation databases, and promoting the application of specialized disease databases in clinical research.
[Progress on the research of hepatolenticular degeneration].
Tang S, Hou W, Duan ZP … +1 more , Zheng SJ
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784808 · Full text
Hepatolenticular degeneration, also known as Wilson disease (WD), is a type of copper metabolism disorder caused by an gene variant, which is manifested by the abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver and other orga...
Hepatolenticular degeneration, also known as Wilson disease (WD), is a type of copper metabolism disorder caused by an gene variant, which is manifested by the abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver and other organs, resulting in multisystem damage. This article summarizes the latest research progress, with an emphasis on clinical characteristics, analysis of the optimization of diagnostic technology, and the clinical application of novel copper chelator therapy, as well as the development status and future prospects of gene therapy for WD. Future research should focus on the in-depth analysis of the mechanism, the application of multidimensional precision diagnosis technology, the development of individualized treatment plans, and the development of multicenter clinical trials in order to improve the comprehensive treatment effects and quality of life for patients with WD.
[Inherited metabolic liver disease causing copper deposition].
Jiang H, Liang C, Liu H … +1 more , Zheng SJ
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784807 · Full text
Copper, as a kind of trace element, is crucial for the physiological functions of various key enzymes in the body, and the liver plays a central role in maintaining copper metabolism. Theoretically, dysfunction in the bo...
Copper, as a kind of trace element, is crucial for the physiological functions of various key enzymes in the body, and the liver plays a central role in maintaining copper metabolism. Theoretically, dysfunction in the body's metabolic processes, such as copper absorption, transportation, and excretion, can lead to copper deposition or deficiency in various organs. Wilson's disease's characteristic pathological manifestation is deposition of copper in liver. However, during liver pathological examinations, it has been found in clinical practice that certain patients with non-Wilson's disease and inherited metabolic liver disease may also have copper deposition. This review summarizes the inherited metabolic liver diseases that can cause liver copper deposition, their related pathogenesis, and the differential diagnosis approach from the perspectives of clinical and pathological characteristics.
[Analysis and comparison of bile acid metabolism characteristics in children and adults with metabolic- associated fatty liver disease].
Yang CH, Mei N, Wang Y … +5 more , Liu AN, Rong R, Lyu QT, Zheng MH, Ni Y
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784806 · Full text
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease has become a common chronic liver disease with changes in lifestyle and the increasing prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in adults and even children. The liver synthesizes...
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease has become a common chronic liver disease with changes in lifestyle and the increasing prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in adults and even children. The liver synthesizes bile acids via cholesterol metabolism, which are important signaling molecules that modulate and regulate host glucose, lipid metabolism, and immunity. Abnormal bile acid metabolism closely correlates with the occurrence and progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. This article systematically organizes the research of bile acid metabolism in children and adults with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease from the perspective of analyzing bile acid profiles by mass spectrometry detection, and compares the characteristics of bile acid metabolic disorders across different age groups and different developmental stages of disease so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.
[Research progress on the impact of metabolic associated fatty liver disease on viral activity, treatment response, and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: current status and prospects].
Gong H, Zhao TT, Huang M … +2 more , Liu CC, He N
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784805 · Full text
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can gradually progress to life-threatening diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, with the change in people's lifestyles, the incidence rate of metabolic...
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can gradually progress to life-threatening diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, with the change in people's lifestyles, the incidence rate of metabolic associated fatty liver disease has been steadily increasing and the patients combined with CHB and MAFLD has significantly surged. However, the impact of MAFLD on patients with CHB in aspects of antiviral response, clinical outcomes, and others is still controversial. This article reviews research progress on the impact of MAFLD with regard to natural course and antiviral treatment response in CHB and the survival rate in combination with CHB and MAFLD so as to provide a certain theoretical reference for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
[CENPI promotes the migration of liver cancer cells and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by activating the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling axis].
Lu SS, Huang W, Ge SJ … +4 more , Chen J, Sheng Y, Liu ZX, Lu CH
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784804 · Full text
To detect the expression level and clinical significance of centromere protein I (CENPI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to preliminarily explore the effects of on the biological behavior of liver cancer cells and...
To detect the expression level and clinical significance of centromere protein I (CENPI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to preliminarily explore the effects of on the biological behavior of liver cancer cells and its possible molecular mechanisms. The TCGA database, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining experiments were used to analyze and detect the expression differences of CENPI in liver cancer and adjacent tissues. The correlation between CENPI expression levels and clinical pathological features were analyzed in combination with clinical data from HCC patients. The value of in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of HCC was explored by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of overexpression on the migration and healing capabilities of liver cancer cells using Transwell and wound healing experiments. Finally, the effects of CENPI on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in liver cancer cells and the potential molecular mechanisms were explored using Western blot. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed using -tests, and comparisons among multiple groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The expression of CENPI and its correlation with clinical pathological features were analyzed using the test. The TCGA database analysis showed that the expression level of was significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than adjacent tissues, which was further validated by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining experiments. Combined clinical data analysis from HCC patients demonstrated that high expression of CENPI was positively correlated with the degree of tumor malignancy, T stage, and disease prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high expression compared to those with low expression. The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve further indicated that the expression level of had accurately predicted the prognosis of liver cancer patients (area under the curve=0.962). Transwell and wound healing experiment results indicated that overexpressing CENPI in Hep3B and Huh7 cells significantly increased cell migration numbers and healing rates. Further research results showed that overexpressing significantly upregulated the expression of mesenchymal cell-related marker genes: N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail protein, while the expression of the epithelial cell-related marker gene E-cadherin was significantly reduced. The mechanistic study revealed that when was overexpressed, the MEK and ERK phosphorylation levels and the expression of RAS protein were significantly increased compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The high expression of in the tissues of HCC patients is associated with poor prognosis, potentially promoting the migration of liver cancer cells and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by activating the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway axis, suggesting that the gene may be a promising target for HCC treatment.
[Construction of a machine learning prognostic prediction model based on psoas muscle index for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis].
Luo MY, Yan D, Wang X … +6 more , Wang YY, Li HL, Li YF, Gao F, Zhang C, Zeng YL
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784803 · Full text
To explore the effect of psoas muscle index (PMI) and construct a machine learning model to validate the 180-day prognosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Retrospective data were collected from patients...
To explore the effect of psoas muscle index (PMI) and construct a machine learning model to validate the 180-day prognosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Retrospective data were collected from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2022. The area of the psoas muscle index (PMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured and calculated based on the abdominal X-ray computed tomography images stored in the Eastern China Hospital Information System (HIS). Patients were divided into low PMI and normal PMI groups according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. Patients clinical data and complication status were collected.The general conditions of both groups were compared using a -test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for survival analysis. The outcome variable was 180-day mortality, and variables were selected using Cox and LASSO regression. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets in a 7∶3 ratio. Machine learning algorithms were used to build models in the training set, and model performance was validated by the test set. The model for MELD-Na score was compared with the model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. A total of 298 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were included.The MELD scores, Child-Pugh classification, and NRS2002 scores, along with the incidence rate of complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding, were significantly higher in the low PMI than the normal PMI group, with statistically significant differences (<0.05). The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve for the extreme gradient boosting model was higher than traditional clinical scores (MELD score 0.658, MELD_Na score 0.719) in the machine learning model. Furthermore, the application of SHAP results model indicated that PMI, hemoglobin, NRS2002 score, direct bilirubin, and blood ammonia were important factors in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. A low PMI is closely related to poorer survival rates and the development of complication rates in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The machine learning prediction model based on this construction, especially extreme gradient boosting, has favorable predictive performance, which is superior to the traditional clinical scoring system and can provide patients with the most accurate risk assessment and individualized treatment plan.
[Analysis of liver histological characteristics and clinically related factors in patients with inactive HBsAg carriers].
Zhang XY, Ren S, Zheng SJ … +10 more , Fan RS, Ruan QF, Huang WQ, Gao HB, Xie Y, Li MH, Xue XL, Yang F, Fu JL, Chen XY
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784802 · Full text
To analyze the liver histological characteristics and clinically related factors in inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers (IHC), and also explore whether antiviral treatment is necessary for IHC, as defin...
To analyze the liver histological characteristics and clinically related factors in inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers (IHC), and also explore whether antiviral treatment is necessary for IHC, as defined in the 2022 version of the hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted. Two hundred and thirty-one IHC cases who underwent liver biopsy histopathological examination in nine medical institutions, including Beijing Youan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, from January 2018 to December 2023 were included. General informative data, clinical serological markers, and transient elastography (TE) examination results were collected. Patients were divided into a positive (148 cases) and a negative group (83 cases) according to the results of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection. The differences in liver pathological inflammatory activity (G) and liver fibrosis stage (S) were analyzed between the two groups to explore the correlation between liver tissue conditions and clinically related factors. Comparsions of normally distributed continwous data, skeukd continuous data, and categorical data between groups are performed using tests, Mann-Whitney tests and tests, respectively. The age of 231 IHC cases was 43 (38, 51) years old, with 95.2% (220/231) aged ≥30 years, and males accounted for 64.9% (150/231). HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were 131.9 (20.8, 400.9) IU/mL and 94.0 (0, 448.5) IU/mL, respectively, of which 35.9% (83/231) were HBV DNA negative (<20 IU/mL). The remarkable proportions of G≥2, S≥2, and liver injury (G≥2 and/or S≥2) in liver tissue were 16.5% (38/231), 29% (67/231), and 35.9% (83/231), respectively. The S≥2 proportion was significantly higher in the HBV DNA-negative group than the positive group (42.2% . 21.6%, <0.001), and it mainly occurred in the population cohort over 30 years old (44.9% . 31.0%, =0.04). The liver stiffness measurement (LSM), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and platelet (PLT) were significantly higher in the S≥2 group than the S<2 group (<0.05). Clinicians can comprehensively evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis in IHC based on clinical factors such as age, PLT, APRI, and LSM, even if the liver histological results are lacking. The China 2022 version guidelines define that nearly half of IHC has histological indications for antiviral therapy, and liver biopsy and prompt treatment can be recommended.
[Predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis].
Zhu HL, Zheng MY, Li WB … +5 more , Huang YQ, Zhang LL, Yang WT, Zhou M, Yang JH
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784801 · Full text
To predict pre-treatment clinical parameters that are associated with poor response and prognosis to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and to use second-line treatment drugs i...
To predict pre-treatment clinical parameters that are associated with poor response and prognosis to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and to use second-line treatment drugs in the early stages to delay the progression of the disease so that patients can benefit from early-stage treatment. Patients diagnosed with PBC at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2013 to 2022 were collected. Two hundred fifty-seven cases were screened in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The response and prognosis conditions one year after treatment were followed up in outpatient and inpatient departments, as well as through telephone calls. Statistical analyses were performed using -tests, Mann-Whitney test, test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis according to different data. A total of 257 PBC cases were included, with 223 females (86.80%) and 34 males (13.20%). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that baseline high albumin levels [odds ratio (): 0.882, 95% confidence interval (): 0.805～0.967, =0.008] were a protective factor for PBC patients' response to UDCA treatment after adjusting for different confounding factors, while baseline high alkaline phosphatase (: 1.012, 95%: 1.008～1.016, <0.001) and baseline high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) level (: 1.462, 95%:1.079～1.981, =0.014) were risk factors for a poor response to UDCA. Trend analysis showed that the baseline NLR quantile was positively correlated with the risk of poor response to UDCA (: 5.512, 95%: 1.040～29.216, =0.045) in patients with PBC. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified that age [hazard ratio (): 1.050, 95%: 1.019～1.082] and NLR value (:1.089, 95%:1.021～1.161) were independent influencing risk factors for all-cause mortality in PBC patients (<0.05). Baseline high albumin levels are protective factors against a poor biochemical response to UDCA, while baseline high alkaline phosphatase levels and high NLR are risk factors for a poor biochemical response to UDCA in patients with PBC. Additionally, baseline high NLR values are positively correlated with poor biochemical response to UDCA treatment.
[Analysis of clinical characteristics and current diagnosis and treatment status of IgG4-related diseases in the real world].
Wang XF, Cui LN, Jia G … +6 more , Zheng LH, Sun RQ, Deng J, Shang YL, Guo CC, Han Y
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784800 · Full text
To retrospectively analyze the current status of consultation, clinical characteristics, and treatment status of patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in order to provide assistance and a basis for early and stand...
To retrospectively analyze the current status of consultation, clinical characteristics, and treatment status of patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in order to provide assistance and a basis for early and standardized diagnosis and treatment. IgG4-RD cases admitted to our hospital from June 2015 to October 2023 were collected. The details of patients' basic information, initial symptoms, department visits, laboratory and imaging findings, histopathological examination results, and treatment plans were recorded. A statistical descriptive analysis was performed on the data. A total of 105 patients with IgG4-RD were included, with a median age of 59.0 (18.0, 78.0) years. The main departments visited were clinical immunology and gastroenterology (83.8%, 88/105). The median diagnostic duration was eight months, with a maximum of 300 months, and 33.3% (35/105) of patients needed over one year for diagnosis. 92 cases underwent histopathological examinations and IgG4 staining, with a total positivity rate of 87.0% (80/92). Among these, sixteen cases underwent pathological examination after surgery, with a positivity rate of 100%; the remaining 76 cases out of 92 underwent liver biopsy, with a positivity rate of 76.1%. Out of these, there were 22 cases from the pancreas, 21 from the submaxillary gland, nine from the labial gland, and seven each from the duodenal papilla and liver, with positivity rates of 81.8%, 81.0%, 55.6%, 85.7%, and 85.7%, respectively. Eleven cases (10.5%) with normal serum IgG4 were diagnosed based on multi-organ involvement and pathological results. 94 cases (89.5%) had elevated IgG4, with a predominance of＞2.70 g/L. The median follow-up period for the 87 cases was 14 months. Two cases had poor response, twelve patients relapsed, five cases relapsed without combined drug treatment after surgery, five cases relapsed due to drug withdrawal, and two cases relapsed while tapering off steroids. As a multisystem disease, IgG4-RD still faces the difficulties of time-consuming diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on a multidisciplinary collaboration model to improve the awareness level and promote the early and standardized diagnosis and treatment of patients with IgG4-RD.
[Clinical characteristics and risk factors for disease progression in patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive primary biliary cholangitis].
Ran Y, Wang XY, Yang Z … +8 more , Li JW, Zhang X, Shen M, Wang XY, Jia H, Han ZZ, Yang H, Zhou L
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784799 · Full text
To explore the clinical characteristics and identification of the independent risk factors for disease progression in patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A retrospective cohort...
To explore the clinical characteristics and identification of the independent risk factors for disease progression in patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A retrospective cohort study was performed. A total of 323 cases with PBC diagnosed in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2013 to June 2023 (125 patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive and 198 patients with anti-gp210 antibody-negative) were included. Baseline and follow-up data were collected. The independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test were used for comparison between groups of continuous data. The test was used to compare the data between groups for the count data. The Pearson test was used for correlation analysis between continuous variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the disease progression-free survival rate. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for disease progression. The male proportion (11.2% . 5.1%, =0.040) and IgM level [3.29(1.88, 4.80) g/L . 2.56(1.44, 3.87) g/L, =0.019] were significantly higher in patients with PBC with positive anti-gp210 antibodies than those of the negative group. Histopathological analysis showed that the Scheuer score [1(0,3) . 0(0,2)], bile duct inflammation [(2(1,3) . 1(1,2)] and bile duct reaction score [(2(1,3) . 1(1,2)] were higher in the positive group than those of the negative group (<0.05), and the maturity of the tertiary lymphoid structure was higher (=0.011). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 5-year disease-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with positive anti-gp210 antibodies than that of the negative group (55.8% . 79.7%, =0.006) at a median follow-up of 3(2,6) years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that γ-glutamyl transferase [=1.002 (95%: 1.000～1.003)] and platelet count [=0.993 (95%: 0.988～0.999)] were the independent influencing factors for disease progression in patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive PBC (=0.002, 0.017). Patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive PBC have more severe clinical pathological manifestations and a higher risk of disease progression. Higher levels of γ-glutamyl transferase and lower platelet counts during the first visit are independent risk factors for disease progression in patients with anti-gp210 antibody-positive PBC, which can be used as dynamic monitoring indicators for this population, suggesting the need for early intensive intervention.
[Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis].
Li F, Zhang QD, Lu LG
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784798 · Full text
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important adverse drug reaction with diverse clinical manifestations. Drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH) is a special type of DILI possessing clinical, serological, and...
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important adverse drug reaction with diverse clinical manifestations. Drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH) is a special type of DILI possessing clinical, serological, and histological features similar to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, there are significant differences between DI-ALH and AIH in terms of treatment plan, course of disease, and prognosis; therefore, differential diagnosis between DI-ALH and AIH is crucial. This article summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DI-ALH and analyzes the existing problems in order to provide guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and future research direction.
[Research progress on early-stage primary biliary cholangitis accompanied by portal hypertension].
Ma L, Shen L, Li SX … +3 more , Duan WJ, Jia JD, You H
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784797 · Full text
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a type of autoimmune liver disease characterized by chronic intrahepatic cholestasis. Although portal hypertension is a common complication in patients with cirrhotic PBC, portal hype...
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a type of autoimmune liver disease characterized by chronic intrahepatic cholestasis. Although portal hypertension is a common complication in patients with cirrhotic PBC, portal hypertension and its related complications can occur in the early stage of the disease, that is, before the cirrhosis onset. Therefore, early identification and long-term management are of great significance to reduce the occurrence of portal hypertension and decompensation events and improve long-term prognosis in patients with PBC. This paper focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanism, clinical characteristics, non-invasive diagnosis, and treatment strategies for portal hypertension in early-stage PBC patients.
[Pathological characteristics and diagnostic criteria of autoimmune hepatitis].
Wang L, Yang YF
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784796 · Full text
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a kind of chronic inflammatory liver disease mainly characterized by hepatocellular damage. There is no gold standard for its diagnosis, and it still relies on liver histological examination...
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a kind of chronic inflammatory liver disease mainly characterized by hepatocellular damage. There is no gold standard for its diagnosis, and it still relies on liver histological examination. Pathological examination is indispensable in the differential diagnosis and disease assessment of AIH. This article systematically reviews the evolution of pathological diagnostic criteria for AIH since the introduction of the initial scoring system by the International AIH in 1993, moving from early-stage empirical descriptions to quantitative scoring systems and then to the ongoing advancement of the latest international consensus standards. The standardization and accuracy of pathological diagnosis have significantly improved; at the same time, it reflects that the role of pathology in diagnosing AIH has shifted from a traditional auxiliary role to a key role in definitive diagnosis. The core pathological features of AIH include interface hepatitis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and hepatocellular rosettes; however, none of which are specific. The scarcity of specialized professionals, insufficient diagnostic resources at the foundation level, and the high subjectivity of pathological evaluation are the primary factors promoting to the current challenges in the pathological diagnosis of AIH. Quantitative pathological assessment, digital pathology, artificial intelligence assistance, and other advancements could drive the development of pathological diagnosis in AIH in the future.
[Diagnosis and treatment strategies of autoimmune hepatitis and future challenges].
Mao TY, Xiao X, Ma X
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784795 · Full text
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a kind of immune-mediated chronic liver disease, and its specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. In recent years, the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Expert Group has rev...
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a kind of immune-mediated chronic liver disease, and its specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. In recent years, the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Expert Group has revised histology and autoantibody evaluation criteria for diagnosing AIH and has clarified the definition of treatment response. The current standard treatment regimen is still glucocorticoids and azathioprine, but novel biological agents offer new therapeutic options for patients with refractory AIH. This article reviews the new progress in the diagnosis and treatment of AIH and explores the current challenges and future research directions.
[Advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases combined with viral hepatitis].
Zheng LH, Han Y
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jul · PMID 40784794 · Full text
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) is a group of chronic inflammatory liver diseases mediated by autoimmune disorders, while viral hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases mainly induced by hepatotropic viruses, result...
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) is a group of chronic inflammatory liver diseases mediated by autoimmune disorders, while viral hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases mainly induced by hepatotropic viruses, resulting in liver inflammation and necrotic lesions. A viral infection is a risk factor for AILDs, and the two conditions may coexist. This article provides a review of the diagnosis and treatment of AILDs combined with viral hepatitis in recent years.
[Research progress on the diagnostic performance and predictive accuracy of different prognostic scores as non-invasive liver fibrosis models for primary biliary cholangitis].
Feng J, Li YT, Xu JM … +3 more , Zhang JY, Li SM, Tang YM
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jun · PMID 40660992 · Full text
The grade of histological severity is a determining factor to evaluate the prognosis and survival rate in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, liver biopsy is limited by sampling error, invasiveness, high cost, an...
The grade of histological severity is a determining factor to evaluate the prognosis and survival rate in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, liver biopsy is limited by sampling error, invasiveness, high cost, and poor compliance. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of liver biopsy, some non-invasive evaluation methods have been studied and applied to evaluate the progression of liver fibrosis in PBC. The prognostic score can be calculated using routine laboratory test results obtained at the time of diagnosis, which are characterized by their simplicity, affordability, ease of acquisition, and superior reproducibility. Recent studies have reported that the prognostic score can be employed as a non-invasive liver fibrosis model to diagnose the liver fibrosis stage in PBC and predict the transplant-free survival rate, in addition to being used to evaluate the patient prognosis and transplant-free survival (TFS). This paper reviews, summarizes, and explores the research progress of different prognostic scores as non-invasive liver fibrosis models via their diagnostic performance and predictive accuracy for PBC.
[Biological characteristics of liver zonation and its role in disease and aging].
Gu PY, Xin JX, Yin KL … +3 more , Zhou CX, Zhang R, Shao SS
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jun · PMID 40660991 · Full text
The liver is the largest visceral organ in the human body, responsible for multiple important functions such as metabolism, detoxification, nutrient storage, and immune regulation. Hepatocytes located along the portal-ce...
The liver is the largest visceral organ in the human body, responsible for multiple important functions such as metabolism, detoxification, nutrient storage, and immune regulation. Hepatocytes located along the portal-central vein axis have heterogeneity in gene expression and function, which led to the concept of liver zonation. Cells in different regions play different roles in metabolic processes, and the coordination and cooperation between these cells are crucial for maintaining normal liver function. In recent years, the advancements in single-cell genomics and spatial transcriptomics technologies have significantly improved our understanding of liver zonation. This article summarizes the important role of metabolic zonation in maintaining liver function and its relationship with disease and aging, providing a theoretical basis for further research and therapeutic strategies.
[Current status of interventional therapy for hepatic encephalopathy associated with spontaneous portosystemic shunts].
Cai ZH, Ke Q, Jiao YB … +5 more , Weng XT, He J, Huang XH, Li L, Guo WH
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jun · PMID 40660990 · Full text
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a kind of neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by acute or chronic liver failure or portosystemic venous shunt (hereinafter referred to as portosystemic shunt), which can lead to the occurrence...
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a kind of neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by acute or chronic liver failure or portosystemic venous shunt (hereinafter referred to as portosystemic shunt), which can lead to the occurrence of functional impairment, personality and behavioral abnormalities, coma, and even death. Most patients with cirrhosis combined with HE have spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS), especially those with recurrent or persistent HE. Internal medicine's current standard of treatment for HE associated with SPSS in cirrhotic patients is unsatisfactory, and even after treatment, recurrent HE episodes may still occur. Although interventional therapy has shown significant results and has been applied in clinical practice for many years for SPSS-associated HE, the number of treatment-related cases is relatively small, and there is a lack of large samples and well-designed research. Currently, interventional therapy for SPSS-associated HE in patients with cirrhosis is still under continuous exploration.
[Correlation between serum NLRP3 levels and serum lipids in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease before and after a single high-fat meal].
Zheng KJ, Liu QQ, Rong YH … +4 more , Wang XJ, Hou LP, Gu W, Song GY
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2025 Jun · PMID 40660989 · Full text
To investigate the correlation between serum NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) levels and serum lipids in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) before and after a single high-fat meal. A retrospective cohor...
To investigate the correlation between serum NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) levels and serum lipids in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) before and after a single high-fat meal. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Sixty-three MAFLD patients (MAFLD group) and fifty-four healthy subjects (CON group) recruited from February 2019 to December 2019 at Hebei Provincial People's Hospital were included. The baseline data were compared between the two groups, and a single high-fat meal trial was conducted. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and NLRP3 were measured at 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after fasting and a high-fat meal. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of area under the operating curve (AUC) of serum NLRP3 subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between serum AUC and the risk of MAFLD. The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and NLRP3 were significantly higher in the fasting group than the CON group at 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after a meal [TC (mmol/L), fasting: (5.29±1.01) . (4.28±0.62), 2 h: (5.24±0.98) . (4.25±0.62), 4 h: (5.38±1.04) . (4.26±0.63), 6 h: (5.54±1.07) . (4.41±0.65); TG (mmol/L), fasting: (2.67±0.96) . (0.92±0.33), 2 h: (3.91±1.35) . (1.69±0.59), 4 h: (5.09±1.7) . (1.91±0.93), 6 h: (5.36±2.27) . (1.75±1.03); LDL-C (mmol/L), fasting: (3.47±0.74) . (2.65±0.49), 2 h: (3.36±0.71) . (2.58±0.49), 4 h: (3.30±0.71) . (2.55±0.47), 6 h: (3.36±0.74) . (2.63±0.48); NLRP3 (ng/L), fasting: (84.63±12.96) . (56.71±11.37), 2 h: (106.06±17.76) . (69.12±14.92), 4 h: (89.78±15.98) . (57.74±12.34), 6 h: (80.03±13.61) . (54.06±10.35); <0.001], while the HDL-C level was significantly lower than the CON group [HDL-C (mmol/L), fasting: (1.14±0.24) . (1.33±0.29), 2 h: (1.14±0.24) . (1.33±0.29), 4 h: (1.09±0.24) . (1.27±0.28), and 6 h: (1.05±0.26) . (1.29±0.30); 0.001]. Serum AUC was significantly correlated with AUC and AUC (AUC: =7.391, 95%:5.662-9.12; AUC: =6.559, 95%:3.052-10.065; <0.001) after adjusting for confounding factors, and it was identified as an independent influencing factor for MAFLD (=1.039, 95%:1.007-1.071;=0.015). The serum NLRP3 levels before and after a single high-fat meal are significantly associated with elevated TG and LDL-C levels, and may influence the progression of MAFLD.
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