New Microbiol. [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
A case report of co-isolation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Candida albicans from blood cultures of an elderly woman with diabetes mellitus.
Panagopoulos F, Kounatidis D, Christodoulatos GS … +5 more , Zormpas O, Tzivaki I, Zachariadou T, Adamidis N, Vallianou N
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123508
The aim of this study is to describe a rare case of dual isolation of Candida albicans and Lactobacillus delbrueckii from blood cultures of an 86-year-old female patient. The patient, an elderly individual, had a medical...
The aim of this study is to describe a rare case of dual isolation of Candida albicans and Lactobacillus delbrueckii from blood cultures of an 86-year-old female patient. The patient, an elderly individual, had a medical history remarkable for diabetes mellitus, which was currently being managed with an SGLT-2 inhibitor. The patient exhibited elevated fevers, which were attributed to candidemia and bacteremia caused by Lactobacillus delbrueckii. The patient's candidemia originated from a urinary tract infection. The isolation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii in three sets of blood cultures was linked to the regular consumption of yogurts, some of which were past their expiration date. The patient's bacteremia may be attributed to the ingestion of yogurts, which could have facilitated bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic circulation.
Pulmonary Cytomegalovirus replication in Immunocompetent Hosts: Harmless Bystander or Hidden Threat?
Venturini S, Reffo I, Avolio M … +10 more , Tedeschi R, Bortolin MT, Del Fabro G, Callegari A, Tonizzo M, Grazioli S, Zanier A, Garlatti Costa E, Tavano S, Zuccon U
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123507
We investigated CMV DNA pulmonary viral loads in adults in asymptomatic patients without classic immunosuppressive conditions undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for screening non-acute, non-infectious pulmonary dise...
We investigated CMV DNA pulmonary viral loads in adults in asymptomatic patients without classic immunosuppressive conditions undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for screening non-acute, non-infectious pulmonary diseases with a six-month follow-up. Over 31 months, 73 out of 352 BAL samples (20.7%) tested positive, with wide viral load variability (median 829 copies/mL, IQR 1457 copies/mL). None of the patients received antiviral treatment or developed CMV-related disease during follow-up. Nine patients died during follow-up. Patients presented a range of risk factors, and none was associated with higher VL. These findings suggest that CMV pulmonary behavior deserves further attention across various populations.
Whole-genome sequencing of two multidrug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Serratia marcescens strains.
Wang X, Li Y, Yu J
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123506
To understand the resistance phenotype and the carriage of resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens in our hospital. Two S. marcescens clinical isolates were analyzed retrospectively to determine thei...
To understand the resistance phenotype and the carriage of resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens in our hospital. Two S. marcescens clinical isolates were analyzed retrospectively to determine their sensitivity to 27 antimicrobial agents using the BD Phoenix™ M50 System (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK). Whole-genome sequencing of both strains was performed using the Illumina platform. ABRicate software was used to predict the resistance genes and plasmid replicon types carried by the strains. Sequence type (ST) analysis was performed using multilocus sequence typing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, and homology analysis was conducted by comparing the two strains with 106 blaKPC-2-carrying carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens isolates downloaded from the NCBI database. Two S. marcescens strains were isolated from the sputum samples of patients with lower respiratory tract infections after ICU surgery. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that both strains were resistant to antimicrobial agents, including β-lactams, sulfonamides, and carbapenems, whereas they were susceptible to tigecycline and ceftazidime/avibactam. In total, 12 resistance genes were predicted, with both WF0070 and WF0071 carrying the carbapenem resistance gene blaKPC-2. Among the remaining resistance genes, the aminoglycoside resistance genes were most commonly predicted, with five types identified. The two strains in this study and the 106 blaKPC-2-carrying carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens isolates downloaded from NCBI were divided into five evolutionary groups, and both strains in this experiment were categorized into clade E. Meanwhile, 18 STs were predicted, and both strains in this study belonged to ST366. In terms of phylogenetic relationships, these strains exhibited high homology with a strain isolated in France in 2018. The two S. marcescens strains in this study displayed high resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, and both carried the carbapenem resistance gene blaKPC-2 along with several other resistance genes. The two strains displayed close phylogenetic relationships, and the possibility of nosocomial transmission cannot be dismissed.
The impact of fast microbiology assays on clinical stewardship: a retrospective study.
Racco C, Parente A, Kertusha B … +6 more , Tagliaferro M, Cavaleri E, Lubrano R, Lichtner M, Basile U, Del Borgo C
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123505
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the most common infections, with variable etiology, affecting both community and hospital settings. Vulnerable populations include children, the elderly, and patients with ch...
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the most common infections, with variable etiology, affecting both community and hospital settings. Vulnerable populations include children, the elderly, and patients with chronic debilitating disease. Early identification of the causative pathogen can reduce inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, particularly in viral infection cases, which are the leading cause of ARIs, especially in outpatient settings. Rapid molecular diagnostic methods such as FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FA RP) enable the prompt identification of viral and bacterial pathogens. A retrospective observational study was conducted at Santa Maria Goretti Hospital in Latina, Italy, from January 1, 2022, to April 30, 2023. A total of 232 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients were analyzed using the BioFire FA RP. Eligible patients exhibited fever, cough, or other symptoms suggestive of respiratory infection. The test distribution shows that the Pediatric and Neonatology Units had the highest number of tests and a high proportion of clinically relevant outcomes. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the FA RP in swiftly identifying pathogens, significantly reducing diagnostic turnaround times, and minimizing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. The 38% rate of negative tests highlights the importance of appropriate test prescription based on clinical assessment.
Identification of probable drug targets at the outer membrane of Yersinia enterocolitica.
Roumia AF, Mahmoud K, Mendez-Trujillo V … +4 more , Gonzalez-Mendoza D, Tzintzun-Camacho O, Michel-Lopez C, Abdelmoteleb A
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123504
Yersinia enterocolitica is a food-borne bacterium related to a disease called yersiniosis (gastroenteritis) in animals and humans. It is widely distributed in nature and is controlled with various antibiotics, such as se...
Yersinia enterocolitica is a food-borne bacterium related to a disease called yersiniosis (gastroenteritis) in animals and humans. It is widely distributed in nature and is controlled with various antibiotics, such as second- and third-generation cephalosporins, gentamicin and fluoroquinolones and ciprofloxacin. In addition to antibiotic resistance, these antibiotics have side effects in the host because of drug-host interaction. To overcome these problems, this study focused on finding putative drug targets in the pathogen Y. enterocolitica and identifying novel molecules to tackle the function of this pathogen. In the present study, two new drug targets were found in Y. enterocolitica. Apart from using antibiotics, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and naringin had indicated good binding affinity with the recognized targets through molecular docking experiments. Accordingly, this investigation suggests that the newly-found drug targets may be a fertile field in the pharmaceutical community for finding inhibitors similar to chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and naringin, as well as designing new drug molecule formulations to tackle the foodborne illness caused by pathogen Y. enterocolitica.
Game on for prevention: using gamification to assess and spread hand hygiene knowledge amongst healthcare workers.
Dalla Valle Z, Ales ME, Antonelli A … +3 more , Cattabianchi G, Signorelli C, Moro M
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123503
BACKGROUND: hand hygiene is vital for preventing healthcare-associated infections, yet compliance among healthcare workers is low. To address this, we created an interactive online quiz using gamification to promote self...
BACKGROUND: hand hygiene is vital for preventing healthcare-associated infections, yet compliance among healthcare workers is low. To address this, we created an interactive online quiz using gamification to promote self-assessment and education. METHODS: the quiz was emailed to healthcare workers and students at a teaching hospital in Milan, Italy. Responses from 28/09/2023 to 09/02/2024 were analyzed, comparing correct response rates and average scores across categories (physicians, professionals, assistants, students, and others). RESULTS: the gamification strategy led to high engagement, with 1,487 quizzes analyzed (14.0% of invited participants). Only 59% correctly identified the recommended handwashing duration, and 33% of physicians mistakenly thought it exceeded two minutes. Just 30% knew the WHO-recommended hand hygiene technique includes six steps. Half of respondents were unaware that soap is advised for C. difficile cases, though healthcare professionals were twice as likely as physicians to answer correctly. Healthcare professionals and assistants achieved significantly higher scores than physicians. CONCLUSION: the findings highlighted a significant educational gap in hand hygiene knowledge among healthcare workers. However, strong engagement showed gamification's potential to address this gap. These results support combining gamification with other validated tools to improve compliance and knowledge.
Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections among Patients at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Al Qassim City, KSA.
Alhwiti F, Alshayie M, Alosaimi N … +6 more , Alsubhi M, Shaker K, Banawas S, Altarjami S, Alaidarous M, Abdel-Hadi A
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123502
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant public health concern due to its resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Its prevalence varies widely across different regions and healthcare settings....
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant public health concern due to its resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Its prevalence varies widely across different regions and healthcare settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA among patients hospitalised at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Al Qassim City, Saudi Arabia, and identify the distribution of MRSA across various demographics and healthcare settings. This cross-sectional, hospital-based study involved 10,936 patients (63.6% male, 36.4% female), with ages ranging from infants (1-10 years) to older adults (≥88 years). The prevalence of MRSA was determined through clinical samples, and isolates underwent antibiotic sensitivity testing. The overall prevalence of MRSA was 25.3%. High MRSA prevalences were observed in wound infections (35.6%), nasal swabs (14.0%), and aerobic blood cultures (10.6%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 72.2% of samples were sensitive to the tested antibiotics, while 27.0% were resistant to antibiotics like Amikacin, Aztreonam, Cefepime, and various carbapenems. The mortality rate was 17.4% in the study population during the study period. These findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control measures, targeted antibiotic stewardship programs, and continuous surveillance to effectively manage and reduce MRSA infections.
Caspofungin in the treatment of Candida auris candiduria in Hemato-oncological Patients: An observational retrospective cohort study.
Elbahr U, Khairy A, Dayyab F … +11 more , Delos Reyes CS, Pastrana J, Vineeth C, Qaedi A, Hejres S, Sudha SP, Keskin O, Rana SPS, Fadel E, Erdem H, Sipahi OR
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123501
Candiduria is a common problem especially in advanced stage oncology/hematology cases. Herein, we aimed to analyze the efficacy of caspofungin treatment in Candida auris isolated from urine culture. We conducted an obser...
Candiduria is a common problem especially in advanced stage oncology/hematology cases. Herein, we aimed to analyze the efficacy of caspofungin treatment in Candida auris isolated from urine culture. We conducted an observational retrospective study in a tertiary-care educational hemato-oncology hospital from October 2021 to November 2022. The patients hospitalized in our center and having at least two consecutive urine cultures that yielded C. auris with significant pyuria were included in the study. The effectiveness of caspofungin was evaluated based on clinical and microbiological outcomes. In total, 10 patients (two female, aged 55.3 ± 15) were included in the study. Four (40%) patients had urinary tract infections, and six (60%) patients had asymptomatic C. auris candiduria which required antifungal therapy. Nine cases had urinary instrumentation: two nephrostomy, one suprapubic catheter, and six urinary catheters. The 10 cases received a mean of 13.4 ± 3.5 days of caspofungin. Four of 10 cases (40%) had at least 1 negative culture between day 1 and the end of caspofungin treatment. Relapse and re-infection rates 30 days after the end of therapy in microbiologically successful cases were 3/4 and 2/4. Caspofungin resistance developed in three cases (30%) within 30 days after treatment. Overall day-30 mortality was 3/10 (30%) while overall success (microbiological success + no relapse/reinfection during 30 days follow up after end of therapy) was 10%. Caspofungin demonstrated limited efficacy in treating C. auris-related urinary tract infection/colonization in hospitalized cancer patients.
Molecular Typing and Drug Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Shaoxing.
Liang M, Hu M, Zhang X … +6 more , Wang Y, He Q, Zhou Y, Ruan Y, Mao G, Jin J
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123500
Staphylococcus aureus, commonly colonizing the mucous membranes and skin of humans, is a prevalent pathogen responsible for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs), with a notably high prevalence of methicillin-resistant...
Staphylococcus aureus, commonly colonizing the mucous membranes and skin of humans, is a prevalent pathogen responsible for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs), with a notably high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antimicrobial resistance profiles of MRSA vary across different regions, with differences in population structure and epidemiological characteristics over time and geography. Molecular typing is frequently employed to investigate the population structure and transmission features among strains. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics, virulence genes, and drug resistance of MRSA isolated from patients with skin and soft tissue infections in the Shaoxing region. Seventy-seven MRSA strains isolated from patients with SSTIs in the Shaoxing area from 2017 to 2022 were subjected to drug sensitivity testing using the VITEK 2 Compact fully automated system. The study utilized next-generation sequencing to conduct Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) typing, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and investigate virulence genes in MRSA strains. The variations in antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and molecular typing among different genders and age groups were analyzed. The findings revealed that the resistance rate of MRSA to penicillin was 100%, while it was 61.04% for erythromycin and 59.74% for clindamycin. The resistance rate to other antibiotics was below 20%. MLST typing is mainly dominated by ST59 (22.08%) and ST398 (18.18%), while SCCmec typing is predominantly represented by IV (38 strains) and V (27 strains). SPA typing is mainly characterized by t437 (19.48%) and t34 (14.29%). The major clones of SSTIs in the Shaoxing area are ST59-t437-IV and ST398-t34-V. The strains carry 17 enterotoxin genes, with the highest detection rates found in sek and seq (32.47%), PVL (12.99%), and tst (7.79%).This study demonstrates that skin and soft tissue infections in the Shaoxing region are caused mainly by ST59-t437-IV and ST398-t34-V strains, which carry multiple virulence genes. PVL is identified as a significant virulence factor in MRSA strains.
Eravacycline: Data Based on Real Evidence.
Giuliano S, Martini L, Prataviera F … +7 more , Moreal C, Flammini S, Terrosu G, De Cecchis L, Lazzarotto D, Zhanel GG, Tascini C
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123499
Eravacycline, a novel synthetic fluorocycline, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, making it a promising option for compl...
Eravacycline, a novel synthetic fluorocycline, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, making it a promising option for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI). Engineered to overcome common tetracycline resistance mechanisms, eravacycline has demonstrated efficacy in vitro against MDR pathogens, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter baumannii. Clinical trials (IGNITE1 and IGNITE4) established its noninferiority to carbapenems in treating cIAI, with comparable clinical cure rates but higher adverse gastrointestinal events. This retrospective study evaluates real-world eravacycline use in 13 hospitalized patients treated for complicated infections at a single center between April 2023 and August 2024. Data collected include patient demographics, infection characteristics, microbiological profiles, antibiotic regimens, and clinical outcomes. The clinical cure rate was 69.2%, with a mortality rate of 38.5%. Resistance mechanisms such as VIM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae and inadequate source control were prevalent among non-survivors. Most patients received combination therapy, primarily with beta-lactams. One suspected case of drug-induced hepatotoxicity was observed. Our findings align closely with previous case series, underscoring eravacycline's efficacy in MDR infections. However, limitations such as small sample size and retrospective design warrant further controlled studies to refine its role in complex infections beyond cIAI.
Sexually Transmitted Infections: Global Trends, Diagnostic Advances, and Emerging Challenges.
Esin S, Del Bono L, Pistello M
New Microbiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 41123498
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose a major public health challenge and have profound social, economic and health impacts. These infections, which are caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and para...
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose a major public health challenge and have profound social, economic and health impacts. These infections, which are caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites, are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, but can also be passed from mother to child during childbirth or through contaminated needles and blood products. Despite advances in medicine and public health, the prevalence of STIs continues to rise, fueled by factors such as stigma, limited access to sexual health services, and evolving pathogens. This review will examine the global burden of STIs and highlight their prevalence and impact on different populations. It will discuss some of the diagnostic challenges that hinder the effective management and control of these infections. It will also discuss the wider public health implications, including the economic costs, and identify emerging challenges and potential strategies to mitigate their impact.
Insidious clinical presentation of uncommon infective endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium species.
Bassani F, Pagani G, Franzetti M … +8 more , Pezzati L, Di Odoardo L, Lazzarini I, D'Anna G, Leva S, Pavia C, Mirri P, Rusconi S
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314689
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a fatal disease caused by a wide range of pathogens, with a strong prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria. In this paper we describe two peculiar cases of Cardiobacterium spp. endocarditis in...
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a fatal disease caused by a wide range of pathogens, with a strong prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria. In this paper we describe two peculiar cases of Cardiobacterium spp. endocarditis in young men. These case reports emphasize the insidious clinical presentation of HACEK IE and lead to a brief review of the literature and discussion on this uncommon cause of infective endocarditis. One case is a man with a prior diagnosis of myxomatous mitral valve, presenting with neurological symptoms and a mycotic aneurysm of the right anterior cerebral artery. The second case was a man with no prior medical history, presenting with fever, lumbar and right-leg pain, which led to a diagnosis of atrial myxoma. The presence of congenital cardiac malformations and an insidious onset with early presentation but unusual or non-specific symptoms are evidenced with a high prevalence in this group of patients. The diagnostic workup including cultural examinations are analyzed in the discussion. We noticed, in accordance with recent literature, a time to positivity of blood cultures longer than for typical agents, but mostly inferior to 5 days. The majority of the reported cases went to surgery, while therapeutical regimens alternative to cephalosporins, especially quinolones, are recently gaining interest. While mortality rates are lower than those observed in other cases of IE, Cardiobacterium spp. IE is characterized by a high burden of complications, leading to an often-atypical presentation.
A case report of central nervous system infection by Nocardia nova in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with steroids.
Guo W, Yang X, Li W … +1 more , Dong L
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314688
As a rare opportunistic pathogen of Gram-positive bacillus, Nocardia is capable of entering the human body through the respiratory tract and wounds, leading to disseminated infections in the lungs, skin, or systemically....
As a rare opportunistic pathogen of Gram-positive bacillus, Nocardia is capable of entering the human body through the respiratory tract and wounds, leading to disseminated infections in the lungs, skin, or systemically. The majority of patients infected with Nocardia exhibit defective or suppressed immune function. Herein, in this report, we present a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by a central nervous system infection caused by Nocardia nova. Specifically, a female patient was admitted to our hospital for treatment with a three-day history of headache, nausea, and vomiting, and was diagnosed with purulent meningitis caused by Nocardia nova after culture of her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Based on the characteristics of Nocardia nova and the results of the drug sensitivity test, we developed a clinical treatment plan, which led to the successful discharge of the patient. As research progresses, an increasing number of reports on infections caused by Nocardia are being released. The purpose of reporting this case is to provide a reference for both laboratory identification and clinical treatment.
Hepatic failure with Providencia rettgeri infection: case report.
Yan F, Han M, Guan Q … +4 more , Guo Q, Zeng Z, Yao J, Xi D
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314687
Providencia rettgeri is an uncommon opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial infection in humans. It often occurs in urinary tract infection and skin damage. Few reports have revealed providencia rettgeri infection in hepati...
Providencia rettgeri is an uncommon opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial infection in humans. It often occurs in urinary tract infection and skin damage. Few reports have revealed providencia rettgeri infection in hepatic failure patients. A 29-year-old man admitted to our hospital with a crushing injury caused by a falling object in a construction site, which caused hepatorrhexis and hepatic failure. During the therapy period in the infectious intensive care unit (IICU), the patient was given tracheal intubation to support breathing. Providencia rettgeri was cultured positive in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) upon fiber bronchoscopy. Providencia rettgeri is associated with the patient's terrible health conditions, for example, huge postoperative complication, large area skin burn, liver failure, etc. Few patients assisted with ventilation are infected with providencia rettgeri. Due to the pathogen's character of antimicrobial resistance, infection with providencia rettgeri raises mortality and prolongs recovery time. Thereafter, great attention should be paid to those patients in their recovery period.
Fungal Keratitis Caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in an Immunocompetent Patient: How Challenging Can Treatment get?
Iskandar E, Ferraro N, Secchi FG … +5 more , Ferrari G, Pitrolo AMG, Rama P, Baldanti F, Cavanna C
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314686
This case report underscores the complexities in managing fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum, even in an immunocompetent patient. The pathogen's resistance to many antifungal agents, its ability to invad...
This case report underscores the complexities in managing fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum, even in an immunocompetent patient. The pathogen's resistance to many antifungal agents, its ability to invade deep ocular structures, and the presence of posterior chamber involvement added to the treatment challenges. Effective management requires not only timely diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy, such as voriconazole, but also careful consideration of adjunctive treatments like corticosteroids and surgical interventions to address inflammation and posterior chamber involvement. In such cases, timely diagnosis is critical. Given the challenges associated with accurate identification through routine mycological diagnostic methods and the limitations of reference spectral libraries for MALDI-TOF MS, the prompt application of molecular techniques should be regarded as the gold standard for Scedosporium spp. typing in instances of clinical suspicion. This approach facilitates rapid and targeted therapeutic interventions.
Postoperative Meningitis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: A Case Report.
Akıllı FM, Ulukanlıgil M
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314685
Central nervous system infections are recognized as a serious complication in patients, particularly in those with external ventricular drains. Here, we report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented with nausea, d...
Central nervous system infections are recognized as a serious complication in patients, particularly in those with external ventricular drains. Here, we report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented with nausea, dizziness, and cerebral discomfort following meningioma resection surgery and subsequent external ventricular drain placement. Perioperative ceftriaxone was initiated. During her stay in the intensive care unit, the patient developed a loss of consciousness and respiratory distress, necessitating reoperation for ventricular drain placement. Initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed no white blood cells or bacteria, and the first CSF culture showed no growth. However, the patient's respiratory failure and oxygen desaturation progressively worsened. Escherichia coli was detected in deep tracheal aspirate culture, prompting a revision of treatment to piperacillin-tazobactam. Subsequently, Gram-negative coccobacilli were detected in the CSF, which was inoculated into blood culture bottles, yielding a positive signal within three hours. Multiplex PCR analysis using the Biofire BCID-2 sepsis panel identified Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, both harboring carbapenemase genes (OXA-48 and CTX-M in A. baumannii, KPC in K. pneumoniae). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using Vitek-2 and conventional disc diffusion methods. Urgent intraventricular colistin, in combination with meropenem administered by prolonged infusion, was initiated. This antibiotic regimen successfully eradicated the bacteria from the CSF. Despite microbiological clearance, the patient succumbed to systemic hypotension, worsening oxygen saturation, and uncontrolled complications of diabetes. This case underscores the critical risk of central nervous system infections caused by A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures, particularly those involving external ventricular drains. Moreover, it highlights the importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach in managing complex complications following posterior fossa meningioma surgery.
Children with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Refractory Pneumonia Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Tang Q, Zhang H, Kang Y
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314684
Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) has been reported to be a common cause of bronchial malformations, shortness of breath, and dyspnea in children in recent years. With improvement in diagnosis and treatme...
Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) has been reported to be a common cause of bronchial malformations, shortness of breath, and dyspnea in children in recent years. With improvement in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of RMPP is increasing. It has been reported that some patients develop resistance to macrolide antibiotics, in which the mechanism of action is complex and the treatment is harsh. Two children with RMPP underwent rapid progression 1 week after onset to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ventilator-assisted ventilation was initiated and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed to assist in diagnosis and treatment. The treatment regimens were adjusted according to the rapid changes in status. The two children were cured and discharged from the hospital in stable condition.
Decrease in drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and concomitant therapies in older people living with HIV-1 switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide.
Calza L, Giglia M, Zuppiroli A … +4 more , Cretella S, Vitale S, Appolloni L, Viale P
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314683
Clinical trials of triple regimen bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) demonstrated potent efficacy and favorable safety in both antiretroviral therapy-naïve and -experienced people living with H...
Clinical trials of triple regimen bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) demonstrated potent efficacy and favorable safety in both antiretroviral therapy-naïve and -experienced people living with HIV (PLWH), in association with a low risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), but data about older people are still lacking. This retrospective cohort study evaluated records from suppressed PLWH aged ≥60 years and who switched to BIC/FTC/TAF. One hundred and nine patients were included: median age was 67.2 years (range, 60-81) and 82% were men. The most common reasons for switch were DDIs (in 66% of cases), followed by simplification (51.3%), and toxicity (26.6%). Overall, 139 potential DDIs between antiretroviral drugs and other concomitant agents were registered in 72 individuals. The most common DDIs included statins in 45 cases (33%), antidepressants in 27 (19%), cardiologic drugs in 23 (17%), proton pump inhibitors in 15 (11%), and benzodiazepines in 12 (9%). After the switch to BIC/FTC/TAF, the number of potential DDIs decreased significantly (from 139 to 18, -87%; p<0.001). The median DDI score also decreased significantly after the switch (from 0.64 to 0.14, -78%; p<0.001). After 12 months, 101 patients (92.7%) had HIV RNA <20 copies/mL. Eight patients discontinued BIC/FTC/TAF: three for virological failure, two for adverse events, and three for missing data. In this real-world cohort, switching to BIC/FTC/TAF in virologically suppressed PLWH aged over 60 years led to a remarkable reduction in potential DDIs, in association with high virological efficacy and good tolerability profile.
Developing Indirect rRVFV-NP based ELISA Protocol for Detection of IgG Against Rift Valley Fever Virus.
Zehairy AA, Sohrab SS, Alandijany TA … +5 more , Hassan AM, Abbas AT, Abdel-Dayem UA, Al-Judaibi AA, Azhar EI
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314682
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that causes significant infectious diseases in humans and in a wide array of domestic livestock. A notable epidemic of RVFV occurred in Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 200...
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that causes significant infectious diseases in humans and in a wide array of domestic livestock. A notable epidemic of RVFV occurred in Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 2000, resulting in severe public health ramifications and high mortality rates among both human and animal populations. Despite the urgency of the situation, no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for human use has been developed to date. There are currently no commercially available ELISA assays for RVFV. This study aims to develop an in-house ELISA utilizing purified recombinant nucleoprotein (NP) of RVFV. A total of 232 serum samples from slaughterhouse workers were employed to optimize this assay, which was validated against the SNT. The developed assay demonstrated a specificity of 96.64% and a sensitivity of 100% with a cut-off value of 0.36 when using the in-house RVFV-NP as the coating antigen. In comparison, a commercially available RVFV-NP-based ELISA exhibited a specificity of 96.23% and a sensitivity of 100% with a cut-off value of 0.37. Furthermore, the absorbance values of positive samples showed a significant correlation with their corresponding SNT titers. The in-house ELISA developed in this study offers a robust diagnostic and screening tool for RVFV. It provides a valuable mechanism for early detection, surveillance, and control of RVFV infections, thereby contributing to effective management and prevention of future outbreaks.
Knowledge Mapping of International Microbiota Research: Analyzing Thirty-Year Citation Classics and Exploring Future Expectations.
Li X, Su K, He Y … +4 more , Shao S, Lan L, Zhang Q, Li L
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314681
Microbiota research has rapidly emerged as a pivotal field, with over 250,000 publications and more than ten million citations recorded in the Web of Science Core Collection database by 2024. There were 1682 original mic...
Microbiota research has rapidly emerged as a pivotal field, with over 250,000 publications and more than ten million citations recorded in the Web of Science Core Collection database by 2024. There were 1682 original microbiota citation classics (each receiving 400 citations or more) identified over the past three decades, totaling 1,559,594 citations and averaging 927 citations per paper. Collaborative efforts in the production of these citation classics involved 87 out of 89 participating countries and 2107 out of 2142 institutions. The USA, various European countries, and China emerged as the leading contributors to this burgeoning research area. Jeffrey I. Gordon, Rob Knight, and Curtis Huttenhower were the prominent figures in microbiota research. Author keywords were analyzed, which revealed a notable shift in research focus from environmental microorganisms to human gut microbiota. Advances such as high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics expanded the scope of investigations into host-microbiota interactions. Current research interests encompass exploring mechanisms underlying gut-X-axis conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, colorectal cancer, liver diseases, and neurological disorders. Moreover, environmental exposures have been evidenced to alter gut microbiota and metabolites, contributing a novel research direction. Future research direction is also anticipated to delve further into biosynthetic gene engineering technologies aimed at microbial interventions, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. This study outlines the evolving landscape of microbiota research and provides valuable insights to inform future investigations within the field.
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