New Microbiol. [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Clinical use of dalbavancin in the Italian SUSANA cohort (SUrveillance of SAfety and outcome of New Antibiotics).
Tordi S, Ricci E, Mezzadri L … +13 more , Piconi S, Cicalini S, Cenderello G, Angioni G, Attala L, Maggi P, Madeddu G, Bisi L, Pandolfo A, Francisci D, Luzzaro F, Bonfanti P, De Socio GV
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314680
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic success and adverse events (AEs) of dalbavancin on-label and off-label use in clinical practice. This was a retrospective, observational, multicentre study that en...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic success and adverse events (AEs) of dalbavancin on-label and off-label use in clinical practice. This was a retrospective, observational, multicentre study that enrolled consecutive patients treated with dalbavancin from January 2017 to May 2024 in the Italian SUSANA cohort. Therapeutic success was defined as clinical cure or infection control if chronic suppressive therapy was performed. Risk factors for treatment failure were evaluated using a logistic regression model. A total of 281 patients were enrolled in the study. On-label administration occurred in 162 (57.6%) cases and off-label in 119 (42.6%). The main off-label prescriptions included 29 cases of osteomyelitis and 25 cases of prosthetic joint infections. Dalbavancin was used mainly as empirical therapy (70.4% of cases) in the on-label group, while in the off-label group as targeted therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (29.4%). The therapeutic success rate was similar in both groups (82.7% on-label versus 84.0% off-label). Only one adverse event caused discontinuation of treatment in the on-label group. In addition, one grade-3 AE was observed in each cohort, without treatment interruption. Dalbavancin was widely used in clinical practice for on-label and off-label indications with a comparable success rate of 82.8% and 84.0%, respectively, and a good safety profile.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mung bean and the probiotic Bacillus clausii and their evaluation as single or synergistic antibacterial agents.
Aljarbou LA, Alshiekheid MA, Aldosari NS … +2 more , Aldhfeeri MB, Moubayed NMS
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314679
Biological green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offers potent antimicrobial properties and provides a promising approach against drug-resistant microbes. The present study aims to synthesize AgNPs using Mung b...
Biological green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offers potent antimicrobial properties and provides a promising approach against drug-resistant microbes. The present study aims to synthesize AgNPs using Mung bean (Vigna radiate) aqueous extract and the probiotic Bacillus clausii, and to evaluate their antibacterial activity individually and in combination against several bacterial strains. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). V. radiata AgNPs were revealed at 450 nm, with spherical to oval shapes ranging in size from 15.9 to 23.0 nm; probiotic AgNPs were observed at 425 nm, also with a spherical shape ranging in size from 16.4 to 23.7 nm. The antibacterial assay was performed using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Results indicated that V. radiata aqueous extract and the probiotic solution did not exhibit any effect, whereas synthesized V. radiata and probiotic AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. AgNPs possessed higher antibacterial activity than individual AgNPs when used in combination against almost all bacteria studied. Therefore, it is suggested that using natural antimicrobial agents to synthesize NPs could serve as an eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics.
Human bloodstream infection caused by a Colistin multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain: a case report.
D'Isanto M, Battista F, Cipollaro M … +6 more , Balestrieri A, Proroga YTR, Paradiso R, Fusco G, Borriello G, Maddaluno S
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314678
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections. The onset of Pan Drug Resistant (PDR) strains of A. baumannii, which are also resistant to colistin due to it...
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections. The onset of Pan Drug Resistant (PDR) strains of A. baumannii, which are also resistant to colistin due to its excessive consumption, makes these strains difficult to eradicate. The appearance of new aggressive phenotypes among sentinel microorganisms in the control of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) requires the molecular approach to define a database of local nosocomial strains. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a useful tool to monitor the emergence of new aggressive bacterial phenotypes among sentinel microorganisms for the control of HAI. We describe a case report of colistin-resistant A. baumannii strain isolated from a blood-stream infection and evaluate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A colistin-resistant, PDR A. baumannii strain was isolated from blood cultures, bile fluid and wound in a patient with bacteremia in "Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital" , Pozzuoli Italy. The strain was characterized by both biochemical and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis. We identified a colistin-resistant strain of A. baumannii from a human bloodstream infection. WGS results were integrated with diagnostic procedures for a better characterization of the co-occurrence of several distinct antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
Two-drug regimen with dolutegravir plus lamivudine for HIV treatment in children: a narrative review.
Bartalucci C, Labate L, Taramasso L … +2 more , Bassetti M, Di Biagio A
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314677
The treatment landscape for HIV is rapidly evolving, particularly with the advent of two-drug regimens (2DR). Traditionally, three-drug regimens (3DR) have been the standard, providing effective treatment but often at th...
The treatment landscape for HIV is rapidly evolving, particularly with the advent of two-drug regimens (2DR). Traditionally, three-drug regimens (3DR) have been the standard, providing effective treatment but often at the cost of tolerability and increased pill burden. Recent studies demonstrate that 2DR can achieve non-inferior virological suppression compared to 3DR, while potentially offering enhanced safety and reduced long-term drug exposure. This review evaluates the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) in both adult and pediatric populations. The pediatric population presents unique challenges due to complexities in treatment adherence and limited available options, underscoring the urgency for effective treatments tailored to their needs. Emerging data from ongoing clinical trials highlight the potential of DTG/3TC to maintain viral suppression with fewer side effects and improve treatment adherence through simplified regimens. The review highlights the need for further research to support the use of 2DR in children and adolescents, particularly regarding long-term safety and efficacy. With increasing focus on quality of life and affordability, the integration of 2DR into pediatric HIV care may represent a critical advance in improving treatment outcomes for this vulnerable population and warrants continued clinical investigation and careful implementation into practice.
Cervicovaginal microbiota in Chlamydia trachomatis and other preventable sexually transmitted infections of public health importance: a systematic umbrella review.
Di Pietro M, Filardo S, Sessa R
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314676
A dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota, characterized by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, leads to bacterial vaginosis, known to increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The present umbrella re...
A dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota, characterized by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, leads to bacterial vaginosis, known to increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The present umbrella review aims to summarize evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on how cervicovaginal microbiota changes in relation to preventable sexually transmitted infections of public health importance, namely Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus. The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the following strategy: ((chlamydia trachomatis) OR (treponema pallidum) OR (HPV) OR (neisseria gonorrhoeae)) AND (((microbio*) OR (metagen*)) AND (genital)); a total of 12 studies were included. Overall, this umbrella review highlighted that a highly diverse cervicovaginal microbiota has been associated with C. trachomatis infection and can be considered a risk factor in pre-cancerous lesions/cervical cancer related to high-risk HPV infections, whereas the role of cervicovaginal microbiota in N. gonorrhoeae infection is still unclear. In conclusion, specific microbial profiles associated with a high risk for each sexually transmitted pathogen have not yet been identified, and, in the future, more advanced multi-omics approaches will be helpful to clearly describe the etiopathogenetic relationships between resident microorganisms and genital conditions.
Immunological recovery with BIC/FTC/TAF: CD4 T-cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio as markers of response.
Bono V, Marchetti GC
New Microbiol · 2025 May · PMID 40314675
The CD4/CD8 ratio is a crucial marker of immune dysregulation, immune senescence, and inflammation, predicting outcomes such as non-AIDS conditions and mortality. A low CD4/CD8 ratio is common in late HIV diagnoses, whic...
The CD4/CD8 ratio is a crucial marker of immune dysregulation, immune senescence, and inflammation, predicting outcomes such as non-AIDS conditions and mortality. A low CD4/CD8 ratio is common in late HIV diagnoses, which remain frequent in Italy, where 58% of new cases occur with advanced immune suppression (CD4 <350 cells/μL). Recent advancements in cART, particularly bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF), have demonstrated superior efficacy in restoring immune function, especially in late-stage HIV. BIC/FTC/TAF offers high virological suppression, durable immune reconstitution, and a favorable safety profile. Comparative studies highlight its advantages in improving CD4 counts, reducing HIV RNA, and mitigating inflammatory markers, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. These findings position BIC/FTC/TAF as an effective option for advanced HIV treatment, contributing to better immune recovery and reduced systemic inflammation.
Primary Brain Abscess Due to Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a patient with renal transplantation: Case Report.
Altan G, Tabanli A, Ozgenc G … +1 more , Ece G
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998402
Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen affecting immunosuppressed patients. This case report aims to present a primary brain abscess due to Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in an immunosuppressed kidney transplant patient. An 48-...
Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen affecting immunosuppressed patients. This case report aims to present a primary brain abscess due to Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in an immunosuppressed kidney transplant patient. An 48-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of sudden onset of headache and confusion. The patient had a history of renal transplantation (one year previously). CT scans were performed due to blurred consciousness, with an appearance compatible with a cystic necrotic lesion with haemorrhagic densities around the left parietooccipital. Since the patient was immunosuppressive, broad-spectrum antibiotics were started. All necessary medical examinations were completed immediately and the patient underwent a transcranial operation. The abscess fluid and lesion were completely removed along with the capsule. The surgical material was sent to the Microbiology laboratory. The culture reported Nocardia cyriacigeorgica as the pathogen. The patient died on the 17th postoperative day due to clinical presentation of DIC. As a conclusion, considering CNS nocardiasis, routine contrast-enhanced brain imaging and rapid microbiological diagnosis are of vital importance, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Resistance was largely species-specific for Nocardia spp. Identification of Nocardia at the species level and early initiation of treatment with the most appropriate drug according to its antimicrobial susceptibility will lead to success in treatment and reduce mortality rates.
A serious hepatitis E case in the city of Rieti (Lazio, Italy): correlation with a 2019 cluster suggests a resident hepatitis E virus strain; a case report.
Zaccarelli M, Minosse C, Pauciullo S … +7 more , Scuderi M, Gemelli F, Tacchi G, Giacchetti G, Marchili M, D'Ovidio V, Garbuglia AR
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998401
Hepatitis E is generally considered a mild disease, but severe cases are also observed. In high-income countries, most hepatitis E cases are due to HEV genotype 3 and are linked mainly to the consumption of pork or wild...
Hepatitis E is generally considered a mild disease, but severe cases are also observed. In high-income countries, most hepatitis E cases are due to HEV genotype 3 and are linked mainly to the consumption of pork or wild boar meat, but data on the correlation of viral variants and hepatitis severity are still preliminary. We described a serious acute hepatitis E (Genotype 3e) case observed in the city of Rieti (Lazio region, Italy), and compared it with previous cases found in the same geographical area. Phylogenetic analysis of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) showed that the HEV strain of the patient in Rieti is closely related to those identified in the acute HEV hepatitis outbreak in 2019. Our data suggest the need to strengthen surveillance and prevention against HEV infection and investigation of pathogenicity linked to specific HEV variants.
Candida krusei pericarditis: A case report and review of the literature.
Qaedi A, Elbahr U, Abalı G … +4 more , Çakar B, Şencan O, Hejres S, Sipahi OR
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998400
A 66-year-old female, a known case of endometrial serous carcinoma, presented with a history of poor oral intake. Elevated C-reactive protein was identified, and an echocardiogram showed evidence of large circumferential...
A 66-year-old female, a known case of endometrial serous carcinoma, presented with a history of poor oral intake. Elevated C-reactive protein was identified, and an echocardiogram showed evidence of large circumferential pericardial fluid with maximum diameter measuring 4.4 cm. Further analysis of the pericardial fluid revealed growth of Candida krusei. Treatment was initiated with caspofungin 150mg intravenously once daily for 28 days, followed by oral maintenance therapy with voriconazole for 10 days. No relapse or re-infection was observed during 10 days of follow-up. A literature search was performed, which demonstrated that Candida albicans is the most encountered Candida spp. associated with acute pericarditis. Additionally, the following risk factors were observed, including history of major surgery, COVID-19 infection, and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This article presents a unique case of acute pericarditis caused by C. krusei. It highlights the importance of identifying the etiology in immunocompromised cohorts and emphasizes the role of establishing formative treatment guidelines for the management of Candida spp. pericarditis.
Molecular Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci during 2021 in a tertiary care hospital in Greece.
Panidou-Tsoulou E, Meletis G, Kotzamanidis C … +7 more , Dushku E, Giantzi V, Tychala A, Kassomenaki A, Mantzana P, Skoura L, Protonotariou E
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998399
The present study aimed to determine the resistance mechanisms and clonal relationships among vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) isolated in AHEPA University Hospital during the pandemic year 2021. Overall, 140 clini...
The present study aimed to determine the resistance mechanisms and clonal relationships among vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) isolated in AHEPA University Hospital during the pandemic year 2021. Overall, 140 clinical VRE were isolated during the study period and 44 were randomly selected for molecular analysis. A multiplex PCR was employed to detect vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, vanE, vanG) using specific primers. Additionally, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to assess the clonal relatedness of the selected isolates. The multiplex PCR showed that 36 of the 44 studied strains (81.9%) harbored the vanA gene whereas, 7 of 44 (15.9%) co-harbored the vanA and vanB resistance genes; one isolate had a negative PCR result. PFGE analysis unveiled 37 distinct electrophoretic patterns among the 44 VRE isolates with a similarity threshold of 75%. These patterns were clustered into 4 distinct branches. Our findings indicate a polyclonal distribution of vanA genes among the studied isolates and the notable concomitant presence of vanA/vanB genotypes. Furthermore, these results highlight the worsening that took place during the COVID-19 pandemic period regarding antibiotic resistance rates, underscoring the imperative need for stringent infection control measures and active surveillance.
Identification of Candida glabrata complex strains isolated from clinical specimens at the species level by molecular methods and determination of their susceptibilities to antifungals.
Ucar YA, Guven O, Genc GE
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998398
Candida glabrata can exhibit resistance or reduced susceptibility to fluconazole, and there is an increasing frequency of resistance to echinocandins. Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis, newly described in 2005...
Candida glabrata can exhibit resistance or reduced susceptibility to fluconazole, and there is an increasing frequency of resistance to echinocandins. Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis, newly described in 2005 and 2006, respectively, belong to the C. glabrata complex along with C. glabrata sensu stricto. C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis have been shown to exhibit higher resistance and virulence compared to C. glabrata sensu stricto. These three species cannot be reliably distinguished based on phenotypic characteristics or biochemical-based identification systems. In this study, 40 strains initially identified as C. glabrata using biochemical-based systems were re-identified to the species level through ITS region sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the Sensititre YeastOne susceptibility panel. All strains were identified as C. glabrata sensu stricto and showed dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole. Of the 40 strains, 39 (97.5%) were susceptible to caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin, while one (2.5%) was resistant. Further research is needed on the epidemiology, virulence factors, and resistance profiles of C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. Accurate species-level identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of C. glabrata complex isolates are significant.
Molecular characterization and survival of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Petrović T, Tonkić M, Maravić A … +6 more , Dželalija M, Fredotović Ž, Hrenović J, Jakovac S, Martinović Rizikalo D, Goić-Barišić I
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998397
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the molecular characteristics and survival ability of clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumo...
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the molecular characteristics and survival ability of clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in a hospital setting. ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected from hospitalized patients at the University Clinical Hospital of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to established laboratory methods and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. Phenotypic identification of the isolates was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the Vitek® 2 Compact System. Clonal relationships between the different isolates were studied using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Molecular characterization of ESBL-coding genes was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The survival and pellicle formation abilities of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were also investigated. Among 471 isolated K. pneumoniae strains, 149 isolates (31.6%) were ESBL-producing. The bla genes encoding CTX-M-1-group ESBLs were identified in almost all isolates, with the majority carrying blaCTX-M-15. Two isolates contained blaCTX-M-3. All isolates carried blaTEM-1. The blaSHV genes identified were blaSHV-1, blaSHV-5, blaSHV-11, and blaSHV-28. Six isolates harbored blaOXA-1. ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains survived on dry cotton for up to 49 days.
Clinical analysis of meningitis in neonates infected with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli: a retrospective study.
Huang W, Ye L, Chen G … +2 more , Fan Q, Yu H
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998396
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are widely distributed in the community. Notably, ESBL-producing E. coli have high-frequency early mother-to-child transmission. The current study determ...
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are widely distributed in the community. Notably, ESBL-producing E. coli have high-frequency early mother-to-child transmission. The current study determined the treatment and intervention measures among neonates with ESBL-producing E. coli meningitis. Five neonates (4 males and 1 female) with meningitis caused by ESBL-producing E. coli admitted to our center from June 2020 to July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics and treatment effects were analyzed. There were 4 cases of early- onset sepsis and 1 case of a catheter-related bloodstream infection. Four of 5 cases were premature infants with gestational ages between 27 and 33 weeks. The clinical manifestations included fevers (n=5), lethargy (n=5), dyspnea (n=4), and microcirculation disorders (n=4). Meropenem was infused intravenously in 2 patients with a median duration of 120.5 d (range, 98-143 d) at an early dose of 40 mg/kg every 12 h and an extended infusion. Three patients were infused with 40 mg/kg every 8 h for a median duration of 28 d (range, 21-61 d). Two neonates had recurrent illnesses, three neonates developed hydrocephalus, one neonate had a cerebral hemorrhage, and one neonate had convulsions during treatment. The follow-up results showed 4 neonates had normal neuromotor development and 1 neonate had a 2-month lag in neuromotor development. Maternal perinatal infections, premature delivery, and catheter-related bloodstream infections are high-risk factors for ESBL-producing E. coli meningitis. Children with fevers and lethargy should be monitored closely. ESBL-producing E. coli infections in children with meningitis are prone to recurrences and secondary hydrocephalus. Attention should be paid to ensuring the correct high dose of the antibiotic.
Clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Ankara, Turkey: Detection by real-time PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy samples.
Yüzügüldü B, Üstün Y, Arslankoz S … +3 more , Tanık EB, Bakır A, Alper M
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998395
Choosing the appropriate treatment regimen for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) depends on knowing or predicting regional antibiotic resistance rates. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of Hp and clarithromycin (...
Choosing the appropriate treatment regimen for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) depends on knowing or predicting regional antibiotic resistance rates. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of Hp and clarithromycin (Cla) resistance rates by PCR analysis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric biopsies of patients diagnosed with gastritis. Hp DNA and Hp Cla resistance (ClaR) were analyzed by PCR method. Diagnostic examination of gastric biopsy samples was evaluated according to the Updated Sydney System. Hp positivity was detected in 68 of 149 samples (45.6%). ClaR was detected in 29 Hp-positive samples (42.6%). A decrease in the resistance rate to Cla in HP was observed with increasing age (p = 0.08). The risk of resistance was higher in women (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.41-2.90, p = 0.86). The ClaR was higher in the 18-40 age group than in the over-60 age group (OR 5.5, 95% CI: 1.16-26.14, p = 0.03). The ClaR rate was found to be 42.6% by molecular method, indicating that classical triple therapy containing Cla is not a suitable option. Since resistance may vary according to geographical regions and years, regional studies with large populations are needed to determine antibiotic resistance rates before treatment planning.
Current Status of Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection: Future Concerns and Considerations.
Aljuaid NM, Ganash MA, Sohrab SS … +1 more , Azhar EI
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998394
Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV), a novel flavivirus, was first identified in the Alkhurma district, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1995. It belongs to the Orthoflavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, and can be tra...
Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV), a novel flavivirus, was first identified in the Alkhurma district, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1995. It belongs to the Orthoflavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, and can be transmitted through contact with infected livestock animals or via tick bites. The initial symptoms resemble influenza along with hemorrhagic manifestations, which are less common but not unheard of in cases similar to encephalitis. Unfortunately, there are no specific treatments or vaccines available for AHFV infection. This review provides insights into the epidemiology, prevalence, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, control strategies, and preventive measures for AHFV disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Pharmacological determinants of BIC/FTC/TAF to achieve long term success: potency, genetic barrier and forgiveness.
Bonora S
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998393
In the modern ART era, long-term treatment success should be understood as a combination of HIVRNA suppression and a person-centered approach, based on individual therapeutic history, GRT, past toxicities, and comorbidit...
In the modern ART era, long-term treatment success should be understood as a combination of HIVRNA suppression and a person-centered approach, based on individual therapeutic history, GRT, past toxicities, and comorbidities. The pharmacological determinants of long-term virological suppression are potency, high-genetic barrier, and high-forgiveness regimen. Interplays and relative weights of these three factors can vary according to the different stages of treatment.
HIV cure-related research: where we stand and where we go.
Ranzenigo M, Castagna A, Muccini C
New Microbiol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39998392
This review outlines the progress and challenges in HIV cure research, with a particular focus on gene therapy, latency-reversing agents (LRAs), immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants. The objective of these advances i...
This review outlines the progress and challenges in HIV cure research, with a particular focus on gene therapy, latency-reversing agents (LRAs), immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants. The objective of these advances is to achieve either a sterilizing or a functional cure, whereby the virus is either eradicated or controlled without the need for ongoing treatment. Gene editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have demonstrated the potential to remove HIV DNA from cells. LRAs, on the other hand, aim to reactivate latent virus, thereby rendering it susceptible to treatment or immune clearance. Immunotherapy, including therapeutic vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies, aims to enhance the immune response to HIV. However, achieving long-term suppression without antiretroviral therapy remains a significant challenge. Stem cell transplants have resulted in instances of remission; however, the methodology is intricate, perilous, and viable solely for patients with particular medical requirements. Each approach encounters challenges pertaining to safety, administration, and accessibility. In sum, while considerable advancement has been achieved, a combination of therapeutic strategies and further innovations are imperative for the development of a sustainable, widely accessible HIV cure.
PRESTIGIO RING: "A 28-year-old highly treatmentexperienced man with vertical HIV infection on ibalizumab therapy: ART simplification perspectives".
Papaioannu Borjesson R, Zazzi M, Saladini F … +4 more , Santoro MM, Armenia D, Spagnuolo V, Castagna A
New Microbiol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39560045
Due to a limited range of effective treatment options, highly treatment-experienced (HTE) people with HIV (PWH) still struggle to maintain virological suppression and obtain an adequate immunological recovery. To increas...
Due to a limited range of effective treatment options, highly treatment-experienced (HTE) people with HIV (PWH) still struggle to maintain virological suppression and obtain an adequate immunological recovery. To increase the likelihood of virologic success, HTE PWH require an individualized treatment regimen based on cumulative genotypic resistance testing (GRT) data, potential drug-drug interactions, and adherence. From the PRESTIGIO Registry, we present a case of a 28-year-old man with vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection, on therapy with an ibalizumab-including regimen and desiring a treatment simplification. In January 2024, the patient was started on a lenacapavir-containing regimen along with optimized background therapy in an attempt to maintain sustained virological suppression, simplify antiretroviral regimen, and potentially increase CD4+ T-cell count. At six months follow-up evaluation, virological suppression was confirmed, and an increase in CD4+ T-cell count of 60 cells/μL was observed. Close follow-up of this patient is ongoing.
Rifampin-like Red-brown Bronchial Secretions Staining in a Patient Treated with Cefiderocol.
Lupia T, Casarotto M, D'Avolio A … +4 more , Mula J, Curtoni A, Corcione S, De Rosa FG
New Microbiol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39560044
Numerous drugs are known to alter the colour of human body fluids. Although drug-induced bronchial secretions staining is normally harmless, it may frighten the patient and could lead to unnecessary clinical inquiries. C...
Numerous drugs are known to alter the colour of human body fluids. Although drug-induced bronchial secretions staining is normally harmless, it may frighten the patient and could lead to unnecessary clinical inquiries. Cefiderocol is often removed renally as an unmodified drug; bronchial secretion staining has not been seen at doses used in clinical practice. We report a possible first case of bronchoalveolar lavage staining occurred during Cefiderocol treatment in a critical patient.
One stage extraction and reimplantation of ICD/PM in patients with CIED related endocarditis and spondiloscitis due to E. faecalis treated with double beta-lactam combination: ampicillin plus ceftobiprole.
Narducci ML, Pecori D, Imazio M … +6 more , Rebellato L, Geminiani M, Bontempo G, Martini L, Giuliano S, Tascini C
New Microbiol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39560043
The time of re-implantation of removed CIED for local infection or endocarditis has been debated because no randomized studies are available. Many authors prefer to delay reimplantation to the time of blood culture negat...
The time of re-implantation of removed CIED for local infection or endocarditis has been debated because no randomized studies are available. Many authors prefer to delay reimplantation to the time of blood culture negative or clinical stability. In this case report we describe the case of E. faecalis CIED endocarditis treated with the combination ampicillin plus ceftobiprole and one-stage removal and re-implantation with early follow-up without relapse of infection. In case of E. faecalis infection, we hypothesize that ampicillin plus ceftobiprole combination might have bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity, therefore allowing one state re-implantation without relapse.
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