J. Feline Med. Surg. [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
A new generic feline quality of life (FelQoL) questionnaire: part 1 - development and validation.
Albergante L, Harding A, King T … +7 more , Schoeman T, Blackwell E, Spofford N, Einerson N, Davey E, Patterson-Kane J, De Risio L
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42363431 · Full text
ObjectivesThe central aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire that can be used to assess the combined emotional and physical wellbeing of pet cats - that is, to evaluate their quality of life (QoL). Using answer...
ObjectivesThe central aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire that can be used to assess the combined emotional and physical wellbeing of pet cats - that is, to evaluate their quality of life (QoL). Using answers to this questionnaire, we then aimed to develop a statistically validated and robust algorithm (an instrument) to derive a set of reproducible QoL dimensions for evaluating and comparing the wellbeing of cats.MethodsResponses from 1324 cat owners in the USA and UK were collected and used to identify key cat QoL dimensions using well-established approaches. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the extent to which our algorithm produced comparable results when used across different populations of cats (validity and robustness). Furthermore, data from 385 cats were collected again after 2 weeks to evaluate the extent to which scores of the QoL dimensions varied over time (reliability).ResultsA data-driven analysis was used to develop an instrument with seven QoL dimensions across daytime and mealtime behaviours: Active, Talkative, Satisfied, Relaxed, Mobile, Appetite and Sociable. Statistical analysis confirmed the robustness, validity and reliability of the instrument.Conclusions and relevanceThe Feline Quality of Life questionnaire and its associated instrument evaluated cat QoL across seven dimensions and allowed exploration of wellbeing across different cat demographics and health conditions. The questionnaire can be used by pet owners interested in better understanding the wellbeing of their cat and by veterinary professionals to gather information that complements in-clinic health assessments.
A new generic feline quality of life (FelQoL) questionnaire: part 2 - initial evaluation of clinical utility.
Albergante L, Harding A, King T … +7 more , Schoeman T, Blackwell E, Spofford N, Einerson N, Davey E, Patterson-Kane J, De Risio L
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42363418 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse how demographics (breed, age, sex, neutering status), health and the environment (access to environmental features, weather and emotional state of the owner) affect the qual...
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse how demographics (breed, age, sex, neutering status), health and the environment (access to environmental features, weather and emotional state of the owner) affect the quality of life (QoL) of cats as measured by the Feline Quality of Life (FelQoL) questionnaire and its associated instrument. The result of this analysis was used to investigate the validity of the FelQoL questionnaire and instrument to inform pet owners and clinicians on the quantitative effects of different factors on feline wellbeing.MethodsResponses from 1324 cat owners in the USA and UK were collected and used to compute the wellbeing dimensions characterised by FelQoL and to identify the demographics, health and environment of pet cats. Participants were clients of Banfield Pet Hospital, participants in the Bristol Cat Study or Mars employees. Statistical analysis was used to assess how demographics, health and environment affect the wellbeing scores and to further evaluate the validity of FelQoL.ResultsResults showed the effects of sex, age, health and environment on feline QoL that were compatible with clinical expectations and previous findings. Reference intervals that can be used to identify expected feline QoL across different circumstances and highlight potential causes of reduced wellbeing were also produced.Conclusions and relevanceOur analysis suggests that FelQoL may be able to provide guidance on factors causing reduced feline wellbeing. FelQoL can also be used by cat owners to track QoL at home, instigating more intentional veterinary consultations when the wellbeing of a cat decreases even without obvious illness or injury. Further research, including targeted analysis of specific diseases and the exploration of longitudinal changes in FelQoL scores within individual cats over time will have the potential to assist with screening and quantification of effects of various factors on wellbeing and monitoring of targeted health plan interventions.
EXPRESS: Longitudinal evaluation of discordant symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine as markers of glomerular filtration rate in radioiodine-treated hyperthyroid cats.
Hardy L, Hibbert A, Tasker S … +1 more , Finch N
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42359893 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and clinical significance of discordant serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine concentrations relative to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mature and senior hyper...
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and clinical significance of discordant serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine concentrations relative to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mature and senior hyperthyroid cats treated with radioactive iodine (RAI). Further, to compare the sensitivity and specificity of two SDMA upper reference limits (>14 and ≥18 µg/dL) and creatinine (≥175 µmol/l) for detecting decreased GFR and evaluate the intra-individual variability of both biomarkers. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study of 27 client-owned hyperthyroid cats receiving low-dose RAI therapy. At baseline, one, six, and 12 months post-RAI, cats were evaluated for thyroid status, GFR, SDMA, and creatinine concentrations. Discordance was defined as one renal biomarker exceeding its reference interval with the other within/below reference range, using laboratory and age-specific SDMA reference intervals. In euthyroid cats, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of SDMA/creatinine for decreased GFR and intra-individual variability were determined. RESULTS: Discordance between SDMA and creatinine ranged from 10%-75%, and was highest with the SDMA limit >14 µg/dL. SDMA-GFR discordance exceeded creatinine-GFR discordance at all time points and was highest at baseline, when all cats were hyperthyroid. In euthyroid cats at 12 months, SDMA >14 µg/dL was more sensitive (83%) but less specific (50%) for decreased GFR than SDMA ≥18 µg/dL (sensitivity 50%, specificity 71%) and creatinine (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85%). Intra-individual variability was similar for both biomarkers (~15%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Discordant SDMA and creatinine concentrations are frequent in older hyperthyroid cats and are influenced by thyroid status and SDMA reference limits, complicating interpretation. The SDMA limit ≥18 µg/dL improves specificity for decreased GFR and is more appropriate for senior cats. SDMA concentrations of 15-18 µg/dL are less likely to reflect true GFR reduction when creatinine is normal; therefore, non-renal influences such as hyperthyroidism should be considered and ongoing monitoring of renal parameters is recommended.
EXPRESS: SURGICAL REPAIR OF STEROIDAL AND NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG-ASSOCIATED FULL THICKNESS GASTROINTESTINAL ULCERS IN 10 CATS.
Jimeno Sandoval JC, Ribeiro da Cunha C, Rossanese M … +4 more , Pilot MA, Menghini T, Villedieu EJA, Quinn R
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42359891 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the clinical presentation, surgical management, complications and outcomes of cats with gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer perforation associated with recent administration of non-steroida...
ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the clinical presentation, surgical management, complications and outcomes of cats with gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer perforation associated with recent administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or both.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records from five UK referral hospitals was conducted between 2009 and 2024. Cats were included if they underwent surgical correction of GI ulceration within 14 days of NSAID and/or corticosteroid administration.ResultsTen cats met the inclusion criteria. The proximal duodenum was the most common site of perforation (6/10), followed by the gastric body (2/10). Surgical techniques varied and included primary repair (5/10), Y-U pyloroplasty (2/10), enterectomy (2/10) and partial gastrectomy (1/10). All cats survived the immediate postoperative period; however, one cat did not survive to discharge (median hospitalisation time: 6 days; range: 3-15 days). Short-term complications were noted in three cats: 1 death (sepsis 9 days after surgery) and 3 mild complications, with two of these complications occurring in the same cat. Long-term complications were noted in 1 cat (severe ulcerative duodenopathy and euthanised 16 days after surgery). Long-term follow-up (median: 928 days; range: 9-1215 days) revealed that five (5/10) cats remained alive at study completion. Two deaths (2/10) were attributed to GI ulcer-related complications.Conclusions and relevanceGastrointestinal perforation secondary to recent NSAID or corticosteroid administration in cats carries a favourable prognosis following surgical correction. Despite the high-risk nature of GI perforation, the majority of cats survived to discharge.
EXPRESS: Ala vestibuloplasty for treatment of feline brachycephalic syndrome: a description of the procedure and long-term outcomes in 27 cats.
Shinsako D, McCoy AM, Samuelson JP … +2 more , Billhymer A, Phillips H
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42332403 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to describe a technique for feline ala vestibuloplasty and report long-term postoperative outcomes in 27 brachycephalic (BC) cats.MethodsThe study was a retrospective, questionnaire-b...
ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to describe a technique for feline ala vestibuloplasty and report long-term postoperative outcomes in 27 brachycephalic (BC) cats.MethodsThe study was a retrospective, questionnaire-based study of owned, clinically affected BC cats (n = 27). Owners completed a single, two-part questionnaire regarding presence or absence, frequency or severity of clinical signs before and >6 months after ala vestibuloplasty. Questions regarding respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, sleep and activity-related behaviors, and ocular, aural and dental health before and after surgery comprised the questionnaire. Response options were scored and individual scores summed to give a total clinical severity score for each cat (range; 0-129). Relationships between clinical variables and outcome were evaluated by regression analysis. Thirteen cats in the cohort were also enrolled in a previous questionnaire-based study reporting real-time preoperative clinical signs. Owner responses regarding preoperative clinical signs gathered at that time and in the present study were compared to assess for recall bias.ResultsTwenty-five/27 (92.5%) cats sustained long-term clinical improvement a mean of 1190 days (range; 354-1802 days) following ala vestibuloplasty. Median clinical severity score improved from 48 preoperative to 17 postoperative (p<0.0001). Owners reported reduced frequencies of sneezing (p<0.0001), coughing (p=0.001), nasal discharge (p=0.0002), snoring (p<0.0001), open-mouth breathing (p=0.001), dyspnea (p=0.0001), difficulty eating (p=0.04), messy eating (p=0.01), dyspnea while eating (p=0.003), regurgitation (p=0.03), vomiting (p=0.03) and dyspnea during activity (p=0.007). Owners also reported increased frequency (p=0.0002) and duration (p=0.0004) of activity. Owners of cats enrolled in both studies recalled their cats' preoperative clinical signs as slightly more severe than originally reported.Conclusions and relevanceAla vestibuloplasty yields long-term clinical improvements in cats' respiratory, gastrointestinal, sleep, activity, aural and ocular signs. Ala vestibuloplasty should be considered for effective treatment of the described clinical signs of feline brachycephalic syndrome.
EXPRESS: Owner personality traits associated with non-conventional feeding practices in domestic cats in France.
Hoummady S, Rebout N, Prorel G … +1 more , Robles M
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42281370 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesThe objectives were to assess the association between owner personality traits and the owner-reported use of non-conventional diets in domestic cats (starch-free, meat-only, grain-free, raw, or vegetarian), and...
ObjectivesThe objectives were to assess the association between owner personality traits and the owner-reported use of non-conventional diets in domestic cats (starch-free, meat-only, grain-free, raw, or vegetarian), and to compare personality traits between owners reporting the incorporation of fresh meat-based foods and those relying exclusively on commercial diets.MethodsAn anonymous nationwide online survey of French cat owners was conducted (n = 1,566). The owner's personality was assessed using the French version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-Fr). Two outcomes were defined: (1) use of a non-conventional diet (yes: n = 439) and (2) inclusion of fresh meat-based foods in the diet (i.e., not exclusively commercial with fresh meat; yes: n = 61). Two multivariable logistic regression models were built, with owner personality traits as explanatory variables. Model 1 evaluated the likelihood of using a non-conventional diet, while Model 2 assessed the likelihood of incorporating fresh meat in the diet.ResultsHigher openness to experience (OR 1.19 [1.01-1.41]). and lower conscientiousness (OR 0.80 [0.67-0.95]), associated with non-conventional feeding. Daily cooking (OR 1.49 [1.17-1.91]) and access to autonomous enrichment devices (OR 1.74 [1.11-2.84]) were also positively associated with non-conventional feeding.Lower Agreeableness was associated with higher odds of including fresh meat in the diet (OR 0.55 [0.35-0.87]). Training activities with the cat (OR 2.40 [1.32-4.18]) and owning a purebred cat (OR 2.10 [1.10-3.82]) were also positively associated with fresh meat feeding.Conclusions and relevanceThese results suggest that owners who choose non-conventional diets may present different personality traits. Recognizing these differences may help veterinarians adapt their communication and facilitate dialogue regarding feeding decisions in the interest of feline health.
EXPRESS: Evaluation of the incidence of haematuria following the placement of subcutaneous ureteral bypass devices in 18 cats (2016-2022).
Lloyd-Bradley BA, Hattersley R
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42265866 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of post-operative haematuria in cats treated with a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device for the management of benign ureteral obstruction. METHODS: Medical records from a singl...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of post-operative haematuria in cats treated with a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device for the management of benign ureteral obstruction. METHODS: Medical records from a single referral institute were retrospectively searched for cats that underwent placement of a SUB device for the management of benign ureteral obstruction between June 2016 and June 2022. Signalment, history, diagnostic imaging findings, surgery duration, pre- and postprocedural clinicopathological data were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 18 cats presented with placement of de novo SUB devices; 14 unilateral SUBs and 4 bilateral SUBs. All 18 (100%) cats developed microscopic haematuria post-operatively. Median time to detection of microscopic haematuria was one month (range 1 - 11 months), with 16/18 (89%) detected on the first post-operative urinalysis. Fourteen (78%) cats had persistent microscopic haematuria, two cats (11%) had recurrent microscopic haematuria, and a further two cats (11%) had recurrent persistent microscopic haematuria. Severe haematuria (≥ 50 RBC per hpf) was identified in 13 cats (72%), however gross haematuria as a clinical sign was infrequently reported (two out of 18 cats, 11%). The median time to first detection of severe haematuria was one month (range: 1 - 31 months). Persistent severe haematuria was documented in seven cats with a median duration of persistence of 17 months (range: 5 - 31). Haematuria without a positive urine culture at any time point was present in 11 out of 18 (61%) cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study population, post-operative persistent microscopic haematuria was a frequent finding in cats following subcutaneous ureteral bypass device placement. Further studies are necessary to understand if microscopic haematuria is a clinically relevant finding, and to further understand the aetiology of haematuria in such patients.
EXPRESS: Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024.
Duijvestijn MBHM, Broens EM, Schuurman NNMPNMP … +6 more , Vernooij JCM, van den Brand JMA, Wagenaar JA, van Kuppeveld FJM, Verhagen JH, de Haan CAM
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42265865 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesCats are susceptible to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 (HPAI H5) and human new pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) influenza A viruses. A simultaneous infection with multiple influenza A virus subtype...
ObjectivesCats are susceptible to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 (HPAI H5) and human new pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) influenza A viruses. A simultaneous infection with multiple influenza A virus subtypes could potentially result in the generation of reassortant viruses with enhanced zoonotic potential. Previously, high seropositivity (11.8%) to HPAI H5 virus has been detected in rural stray cats in the Netherlands, presumably through contact with or feeding on infected birds. Seropositivity was much lower (0.46%) in concurrently sampled domestic cats with unknown outdoor access, while these were frequently (4.6%) seropositive to H1N1pdm09virus. As outdoor access is expected to increase the risk of HPAI H5 exposure, in this study we determined seropositivity to HPAI H5 as well as H1N1pdm09 in domestic cats with known outdoor access.MethodsSera from 254 outdoor cats were collected in 2024, and screened for antibodies to HPAI H5 and H1N1pdm09 virus using in-house developed ELISAs and hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI).ResultsAntibodies to HPAI H5 virus were detected in seven cat sera (2.8%; 95% CI:1.1-5.6) by ELISA, but not by HAI. Antibodies to H1N1pdm09 were detected in 14 sera (5.5%; 95% CI: 3.1-9.1), of which seven were positive by HAI (2.8%; 95% CI: 1.1-5.6). Two sera reacted in ELISA to both HPAI H5 and H1N1pdm09 (0.79%, 95% CI: 0.1-2.8).Conclusions and relevanceAntibodies to both HPAI H5 and H1N1pdm09 viruses were detected in outdoor domestic cats, with a higher seroprevalence for H1N1pdm09.Seropositivity for HPAI H5 was higher than was previously detected in domestic cats with unknown outdoor access, but lower than in stray cats. This warrants further investigation into the potential role of outdoor domestic cats as mixing vessel and as source of (novel) zoonotic viruses.
EXPRESS: Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block versus lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized pilot clinical trial.
Mangabeira ROO, Rodrigues GM, Moraes VJ … +4 more , Moura CL, Oliveira AR, Estrela-Lima A, Barbosa VF
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42249548 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To compare analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects following bilateral ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and lumbosacral epidural (LsE) with levobupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy...
OBJECTIVES: To compare analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects following bilateral ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and lumbosacral epidural (LsE) with levobupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH). METHODS: A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial was conducted. Twenty healthy female cats were allocated (1:1) to the LsE group (0.4 ml/kg 0.25% levobupivacaine) or the QLB group (0.3 ml/kg 0.25% levobupivacaine per hemiabdomen). Cats were premedicated with dexmedetomidine 3 mcg/kg and meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg. Anaesthesia was performed using propofol variable rate infusion (adjusted to clinical depth). Heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures were recorded at seven standardized surgical time points. Postoperative pain (UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale) and sedation were assessed up to 6 h after surgery; methadone (0.25 mg/kg IM) was administered as rescue analgesia when indicated. Recovery milestones and mean propofol infusion rate were also compared. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, unpaired t-tests, or non-parametric tests, as appropriate (P < 0.05). RESULTS: No significant between group differences were detected for any cardiopulmonary variable (P > 0.05), and no intraoperative rescue analgesia was required. Mean propofol infusion rates were similar (LsE 0.36 ± 0.07 vs QLB 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/kg/min; P = 0.0863). Postoperative pain scores were not different between groups. Only 1 cat in the QLB group required methadone at 6 h. Recovery milestones (extubation to standing: LsE 73 min; QLB 79 min; P = 0.4182) and sedation scores were comparable. No block related complications or adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Bilateral ultrasound-guided QLB with 0.25% levobupivacaine provided cardiopulmonary stability and early perioperative analgesic performance comparable to lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia in cats premedicated with dexmedetomidine and meloxicam undergoing OVH, supporting its use as a clinical alternative, particularly when epidural access is contraindicated.
EXPRESS: Ultrasonographic findings of feline large intestinal adenocarcinoma and high-grade lymphoma.
Khodari JA, Penninck D, Anson A
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42206764 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings of cats with large intestinal adenocarcinoma (ACA) and high-grade lymphoma (LSA). METHODS: Cats diagnosed with large intestinal neoplasi...
OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings of cats with large intestinal adenocarcinoma (ACA) and high-grade lymphoma (LSA). METHODS: Cats diagnosed with large intestinal neoplasia with a complete abdominal ultrasound were included in the study. Signalment, clinical history, physical examination, bloodwork, and outcome data were collected. Tumor location, length, wall thickness and layering, echogenicity, lymphadenopathy, effusion, ulceration, and obstruction were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-four cats had ACA primarily affecting the colon in 28/44 cats and the ileocolic junction (ICJ) in 16/44 cats. The ACA tumors measured a median length of 22.85mm and a median wall thickening of 9mm. Regional lymphadenopathy was noted in 29/44 cats with a median thickness of 6.7mm. Obstruction was observed in 30% of the cats with ACA. Thirty-eight cats were diagnosed with high-grade LSA primarily affecting the ICJ in 20/38 cats, the colon in 14/38 cats and multifocally in the gastrointestinal tract in 4 cats. Also, 7/38 cats had other organ involvement. The LSA tumors measured a median length of 48mm and a median wall thickening of 15mm. Regional lymphadenopathy was noted in 31/38 cats with a median thickness of 11mm. Obstruction was present in 11% of the cats with LSA. Both tumor types commonly appeared as transmural, hypoechoic thickening with loss of wall layering. The median survival time for cats with large intestinal ACA and LSA were 19 days and 23 days, respectively. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Cats with large intestinal ACA and LSA shared a similar clinical presentation. Both neoplasia share similar ultrasonographic features, but LSA lesions are usually thicker and longer, and are accompanied by more frequent and pronounced lymphadenopathy than ACA lesions. Adenocarcinomas are more likely to cause obstruction while lymphoma tumors tend to have a multicentric distribution. Because imaging findings overlap, cytologic or histologic sampling remains essential for definitive diagnosis.
EXPRESS: Azotaemia and outcomes in male cats with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction: a multicentre retrospective study of 601 cats (2020-2024).
Skinner VJ, Zhong M, Hall E … +2 more , Eramanis LM, Thompson MF
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42187200 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the prevalence and time to resolution of azotaemia between male cats presented with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction (UO), and to evaluate risk factors for extended duratio...
ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the prevalence and time to resolution of azotaemia between male cats presented with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction (UO), and to evaluate risk factors for extended duration of urethral catheterisation and hospitalisation.MethodsA multicentre, retrospective study of male cats that underwent urethral catheterisation for UO was conducted. Cats were excluded if they did not have a UO on presentation, had previously diagnosed chronic kidney disease, had incomplete medical records or if they were referred by another clinic after decompression. Prevalence of azotaemia (serum or plasma creatinine > 140 µmol/L) and time to resolution was compared between cats with initial and recurrent UO. Risk factors evaluated for extended duration of catheterisation and hospitalisation included signalment, history of UO, history of lower urinary tract signs (LUTS), diet, recent medications, lifestyle (indoor-only or indoor-outdoor), housing status (single or multi-cat) and azotaemia on presentation.ResultsCats were less likely to be azotemic on presentation if they had a history of UO (p = 0.015) or LUTS (p = 0.014). Azotaemic cats were 1.92 times more likely to undergo a longer duration of catheterisation compared with non-azotaemic cats (95%CI 1.40-2.65; p<0.001), and 1.81 times more likely to have a longer hospitalisation (95% CI 1.28-2.57; p < 0.001). Resolution of azotaemia was achieved in <48 hours in 70.1% (n=89/127; 95% CI 61.3-77.9) of cats that were azotaemic on presentation. Recurrent UO was not associated with longer time to resolution of azotaemia (p = 0.395).Conclusions and relevanceCats are less likely to present with azotaemia during recurrent UO episodes, which might be due to increased caregiver vigilance. Resolution of azotaemia occurred within 48 hours for most cats. There was no difference in catheterisation and hospitalisation duration between cats with initial and recurrent UO.
Serum vitamin D metabolites do not differ between cats with chronic kidney disease and healthy cats.
Parker VJ, Reynolds LJ, Quimby JM
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42187184 · Full text
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to characterize comprehensive vitamin D metabolite profiles in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy cats.MethodsA total of 33 healthy cats and 66 cats wit...
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to characterize comprehensive vitamin D metabolite profiles in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy cats.MethodsA total of 33 healthy cats and 66 cats with CKD (six International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] stage 1, 36 IRIS stage 2, 18 IRIS stage 3, six IRIS stage 4) were prospectively enrolled. Serum vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D (3-epi-25[OH]D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]D; calcitriol) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]D), were analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry. Vitamin D metabolites, clinicopathologic parameters, age, body weight and body condition score were compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test or -test as appropriate. Correlations between vitamin D metabolites and clinicopathologic parameters, age and weight were assessed using Spearman's rank test.ResultsThere was no significant difference in any vitamin D metabolite between groups. Median 25(OH)D concentrations in cats with CKD and healthy cats were 28.9 ng/ml (range 12.2-68.8) and 26.3 ng/ml (range 11.5-55.9), respectively. Median 3-epi-25(OH)D concentrations in cats with CKD and healthy cats were 9.1 ng/ml (range 2.2-30.4) and 7.2 ng/ml (range 1.9-22.9), respectively. Median calcitriol concentrations in cats with CKD and healthy cats were 141.3 pg/ml (range 38.6-367.8) and 127.9 pg/ml (range 71.5-235.8), respectively. Median 24,25(OH)D concentrations in cats with CKD and healthy cats were 9.8 ng/ml (range 2.5-32.5) and 8.8 ng/ml (range 1.2-38.4), respectively. There was no correlation between any vitamin D metabolite and age or serum creatinine concentration, and no correlation between 25(OH)D and hematocrit, blood pressure or urine protein:creatinine ratio.Conclusions and relevanceVitamin D metabolites were not significantly different in cats with CKD, which could have implications for recommendations regarding calcitriol supplementation.
Evaluation of analytical characteristics of the Vcheck C10 point-of-care chemistry analyser for feline sera.
Jung JH, Goh E, Chun Y … +5 more , Lee H, Baek J, Seo Y, Choi Y, Kim Y
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42186367 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to characterise the analytical performance of the Vcheck C10 dry chemistry analyser and evaluate its comparability with a reference wet chemistry system (AU480) in feline serum...
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to characterise the analytical performance of the Vcheck C10 dry chemistry analyser and evaluate its comparability with a reference wet chemistry system (AU480) in feline serum samples.MethodsAnalytical precision was determined by within-run and between-run testing using pooled serum and commercial quality control materials. Agreement between analysers for 16 biochemical analytes was examined using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis using 57 feline serum samples. Total observed error (TE) was assessed against published allowable total error (TE) criteria to evaluate analytical quality.ResultsAcceptable precision was observed for the majority of analytes, although total bilirubin (TBIL) exhibited increased variability at lower concentration ranges. Regression analysis demonstrated strong linear associations for most analytes ( = 0.82-0.99). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that 94.4-98.0% of paired results were within the limits of agreement. Comparison of TE with TE limits identified acceptable analytical performance for 10 analytes, whereas blood urea nitrogen, calcium, creatinine, TBIL and total protein exceeded allowable limits.Conclusions and relevanceThe Vcheck C10 demonstrated reliable analytical precision and favourable correlation with the reference analyser for most analytes in feline serum, supporting its utility in point-of-care testing in primary practice. Nevertheless, analyte-specific limitations in agreement with the wet chemistry reference method were identified for certain analytes, emphasising method-consistent interpretation and the use of analyser-specific reference intervals in clinical decision-making and longitudinal monitoring.
EXPRESS: Outcome of 4 cats with cIHPSS treated by a modified PTCE technique.
Tiffinger K, Gibson E, Ganjei J … +1 more , Clarke D
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42175789 · Publisher ↗
Simultaneous portogram/cavogram and continuous portal pressure monitoring during coil deployment are standard practices during percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE) for the interventional treatment of congeni...
Simultaneous portogram/cavogram and continuous portal pressure monitoring during coil deployment are standard practices during percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE) for the interventional treatment of congenital intrahepatic shunts (cIHPSS). In cats, vascular access is more challenging due to their smaller size. The minimum vascular sheath size required to accommodate standard instrumentation for dual catheter PTCE is 9 Fr, which can be challenging to place in the feline jugular vein. The objective of this case series was to retrospectively describe a single catheter modification of the PTCE technique in cats to avoid complications associated with large vascular sheaths and the outcomes of these cats. Four cats from two different institutions underwent single-catheter PTCE for left divisional IHPSS between January 2024 and May 2025. Data collected from medical records included patient demographic data, and peri- and post-procedural data. Single-catheter PTCE was performed in all cats through a 6Fr vascular sheath percutaneously placed in the jugular vein. Isolated portogram and cavogram were performed to localize the shunt, measure caval diameter, and determine caval stent positioning using a 4Fr Berenstein catheter. A laser cut stent was selected based on computed tomography and cavogram measurements and positioned to span the shunt ostium. The same Berenstein catheter was used for portal pressure measurement and coil deployment by alternating between the shunt and portal vein locations. No complications associated with venous trauma or portal hypertension were reported. Scientific or clinical relevance and novel information: The case series results suggest the modified PTCE technique is viable alternative that was associated with reasonable procedural duration and avoided vascular complications that may be associated with large vascular sheaths in cats.
EXPRESS: Effect of Intraoperative Positioning on Anesthetic Variables in Cats Undergoing a Perineal Urethrostomy.
Ruffin C, Schmiedt C, Dantino S … +3 more , Wallace ML, Grimes JA, Sutherland B
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42168827 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesCats undergoing perineal urethrostomy (PU) often have acute kidney injury (AKI). Minimizing additional kidney injury during anesthesia is critical to prevent exacerbation of AKI. The impact of surgical position...
ObjectivesCats undergoing perineal urethrostomy (PU) often have acute kidney injury (AKI). Minimizing additional kidney injury during anesthesia is critical to prevent exacerbation of AKI. The impact of surgical positioning for PU on anesthetic variables is unknown. This study evaluated pre-, intra- and postoperative variables in cats undergoing PU in sternal (SR) or dorsal (DR) recumbency. We hypothesized there would not be a significant difference in anesthetic complications and postoperative serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations in cats positioned in SR as compared with those positioned in DR.MethodsMedical records of 97 client-owned cats undergoing PU in SR (n=55) or DR (n=42) were retrospectively reviewed. Cats undergoing procedures in addition to PU were excluded. Data collection included signalment, number of preoperative obstructive episodes, pre- and postoperative SCr, surgical and anesthetic duration, drugs in the anesthetic regimen, and presence and duration of intraoperative hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypoventilation, and hypothermia. Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U or Fisher's exact tests.ResultsA significant difference was detected in the number of preoperative obstructive episodes in cats undergoing PU in SR compared to DR (SR median episodes=2 [range=0-5]; DR median episodes=2 [range=1-6]; P=0.0074). No other differences were identified in preoperative or intraoperative variables. Postoperative SCr and change from preoperative SCr did not differ between groups.Conclusion and relevanceAnalysis of these data demonstrate no measurable differences in anesthetic parameters or postoperative outcomes in cats undergoing PU in SR or DR. The statistical difference between groups relative to preoperative obstructive episodes does not appear to be clinically relevant. Thus, we accept our hypothesis and conclude SR or DR positioning should not be a consideration in establishing an optimized anesthetic experience for cats with urethral obstruction associated AKI. Surgeon preference should continue to be the driving force on positioning for a PU in cats.
EXPRESS: Clinical and virological effects of the integrase inhibitor raltegravir in cats with naturally progressive feline leukaemia virus infection.
Morais de Almeida P, Belas A, Martins JMCC … +4 more , Picado R, Meneses A, Tavares de Oliveira JT, Viegas C
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42129643 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesFeline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection-particularly the progressive course-continues to cause substantial morbidity and reduced survival in cats. Therapeutic options with proven antiviral effectiveness remain...
ObjectivesFeline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection-particularly the progressive course-continues to cause substantial morbidity and reduced survival in cats. Therapeutic options with proven antiviral effectiveness remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and virological effects of the integrase inhibitor raltegravir in naturally infected, FeLV-progressive cats with FeLV-related conditions, clinical outcome, viraemia, proviral burden and survival.MethodsFourteen client-owned cats with confirmed progressive FeLV infection and at least one FeLV-related condition was enrolled. Raltegravir was administered for 90 days, followed by a 90-day treatment-free observation period. Clinical evaluation and quantification of viral RNA and proviral DNA loads were performed at treatment initiation (t0), day 45 (t45), day 90 (t90) and day 180 (t180). Cats continued to receive standard-of-care as clinically indicated. Survival data were recorded until study closure.ResultsAfter 45 days of treatment, plasma viral RNA load showed a non-significant mean reduction of 1.34 log₁₀ (P = 0.204). At day 90, mean viral load continued to decrease, with reductions of 1.10 log₁₀ at 40 mg (P = 0.208) and 1.39 log₁₀ at 80 mg (P = 0.195), none of which reached statistical significance. Raltegravir did not exert a consistent effect on proviral DNA load. Most FeLV-related conditions remained clinically stable or improved during the 180-day monitoring period. Leukaemia and lymphoma were the main causes of death. Median survival time was 48 months from FeLV diagnosis and 10.8 months from treatment initiation.Conclusions and relevanceTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first prospective longitudinal study in naturally infected, FeLV-progressive cats with FeLV-related conditions assessing the effects of raltegravir on viraemia, proviral load and clinical outcomes. These real-world data suggest that raltegravir may be associated with numerical reductions in viraemia and clinical stabilisation in some cats. A definitive virological or survival benefit, however, could not be demonstrated. Longer-term, controlled studies-potentially within multimodal antiviral strategies-are warranted to further define its therapeutic role.
Serum amyloid A: A biomarker to aid in assessing cats with acute pyelonephritis and monitoring response to antibiotic therapy.
Viviano K, Bruneau V, Kaul S … +3 more , Hartmann F, Whitehouse WH, Waller K
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42084293 · Full text
ObjectivesSerum amyloid A (SAA), the major acute-phase protein in cats, has potential, as in humans, to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. This study compared SAA concentrations in cats with acut...
ObjectivesSerum amyloid A (SAA), the major acute-phase protein in cats, has potential, as in humans, to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. This study compared SAA concentrations in cats with acute pyelonephritis (APN) with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy cats. In cats with APN, SAA concentrations were monitored during antibiotic treatment to assess whether they correlated with clinical scores.MethodsA multicenter study recruited client-owned cats with APN (n = 9), with stable CKD (n = 10) or healthy cats (n = 10). Cats with APN were monitored for 21 days during antibiotic therapy to assess SAA concentrations along with clinical scores.ResultsThe majority of cats with APN were older (>10 years) and spayed females (8/10), with 5/9 having pre-existing CKD. Median SAA concentrations were significantly higher in cats with APN (235.3 mg/l, range 9.1-810) than in healthy cats (1.85 mg/l, range 1-2.7; = 0.0008) and cats with stable CKD (1.45 mg/l, range 0.1-8.9; = 0.0002). Cats with APN reached peak SAA concentrations (412 mg/l, range 18.6-810) within 48 h of presentation. In addition, with treatment and clinical recovery, median SAA concentrations returned to normal (3.1 mg/l, range 1-7.2) within 14 days. SAA concentrations were moderately correlated with clinical scores ( = 0.650).Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this study offer additional insights into the potential benefits and limitations of monitoring SAA concentrations in cats with APN. Cats with APN experience increased SAA concentrations, supporting SAA as a diagnostic tool for identifying affected cats. Serial SAA monitoring may help assess clinical recovery or determine treatment failure.
EXPRESS: Antibody responses to inactivated (adjuvanted) and attenuated (non-adjuvanted) feline panleukopenia virus vaccination, including in different injection sites.
Westman ME, Hall E, Norris JM … +14 more , Weir W, Dunbar D, McDonald M, Parr Y, Pan S, Martin CJ, Wuestner E, Meggiolaro MN, Nakamura M, Atkin N, Hajjar R, Hughes D, Malik R, Hosie MJ
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42083096 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Concern about feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) has prompted recommendations to vaccinate in the hindlimb or tail instead of the scruff, but evidence of adequate immune response at these sites is limited...
OBJECTIVES: Concern about feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) has prompted recommendations to vaccinate in the hindlimb or tail instead of the scruff, but evidence of adequate immune response at these sites is limited. This field study evaluated the antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in kittens vaccinated with one of two commercial vaccines, injected at different sites. METHODS: An inactivated (killed) adjuvanted vaccine was injected subcutaneously into the scruff, left distal hindlimb, or proximal tail. A modified-live virus (MLV) was given in the scruff only. Cats were given a booster vaccination in the same site and using the same vaccine type. Kittens were sampled at four timepoints over 12 months (T0, T1, T2, T12). Protective FPV antibody titres were determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI; negative < 1:32, positive ≥ 1:32). RESULTS: Samples from 100 kittens and 77 adults were available for FPV antibody testing. Eight kittens were found to be HI-positive at T0. Protective titres did not differ significantly among the three injection sites for the inactivated vaccine. Antibody titres were higher in kittens given the MLV vaccine compared to kittens given the inactivated vaccine at T1 (p = 0.006) and T12 (p = 0.001). However, the proportion of kittens protected in each group (MLV vaccine vs inactivated vaccine) was the same. A single vaccination was sufficient to produce protective antibody levels in 91% of kittens, irrespective of whether they were given the MLV (scruff) or inactivated vaccine (at any site). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Both inactivated and MLV vaccines induce protective titres against FPV. Comparable FPV antibody responses are elicited when inactivated vaccines are administered into the scruff, left distal hindlimb, or proximal tail. Notably in this study, the MLV vaccine tended to produce higher antibody titres. These results support evidence-based recommendations on vaccination site selection to mitigate FISS risk.
EXPRESS: Longitudinal comparison of serum pancreatic lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity with clinical signs in cats with suspicion of pancreatitis.
Kook PH
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 May · PMID 42083095 · Publisher ↗
ObjectivesIt remains unclear whether pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) and lipase activity similarly reflect clinical status and disease severity in cats with suspected pancreatitis. This retrospective cohort stud...
ObjectivesIt remains unclear whether pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) and lipase activity similarly reflect clinical status and disease severity in cats with suspected pancreatitis. This retrospective cohort study aimed to directly compare their association with clinical disease severity over timeMethodsTwenty-one client-owned cats with suspicion of pancreatitis were followed up over a median of 6 weeks (range, 1-130). The median number of re-checks was 2 (range, 1-9). Lipase activity (LIPC Roche; RI, 8-26 U/L) and PLI (Spec fPL; RI, 0-4.4 µg/L ) were measured at each examination and compared to clinical status of cats expressed as a clinical disease activity score (CDAS).ResultsNo significant correlation between CDAS and either lipase assay was detected at the initial evaluation. During 50 follow-up visits, both lipase assays showed moderate correlations of similar magnitude with CDAS (lipase activity, rₛ = 0.486, P = 0.0003; PLI, rₛ = 0.432, P = 0.0017). Median lipase activity (46 U/L, range 20-421) and PLI (23 µg/L, range, 1.3-50), as well as CDAS (5, range 1-9) at initial presentation were significantly higher compared to follow-up visits (lipase activity 33 U/L, range 9-357; PLI 7 µg/L, range 0.7-50; CDAS 2, range 0-10). Seventeen cats had concurrent chronic enteropathy. Immunomodulatory therapy was administered during 31/50 (62%) follow-up visits compared to 4 (19%) cats at initial presentation. Discordant results relative to RIs were rare (3/72 visits, 4%), with normal lipase activity and mildly increased PLI; CDAS was 0 (n=2) or 1 (n=1) because of minimal weight loss in these 3 cats.Conclusions and relevanceBoth lipase assays provide clinically equivalent information, however a moderate correlation with clinical status was only seen during follow-up visits. The lack of correlation with clinical status in sicker cats may reflect the limited spectrum of clinical signs in feline pancreatitis.
Fluoroscopy-assisted single cannulated screw placement for stabilisation of bilateral sacroiliac joint luxation in six cats: technique and outcome.
Savy RM, Deglume E, Bureau S … +2 more , Billet JP, Etchepareborde S
J Feline Med Surg · 2026 Jun · PMID 42080347 · Full text
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to describe the step-by-step fluoroscopy-assisted percutaneous placement of a cannulated screw (FAPPCS) for the fixation of bilateral sacroiliac luxation (SIL).MethodsA retrospe...
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to describe the step-by-step fluoroscopy-assisted percutaneous placement of a cannulated screw (FAPPCS) for the fixation of bilateral sacroiliac luxation (SIL).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of the medical records of six client-owned cats diagnosed with bilateral SIL treated using the FAPPCS technique. Signalment, concurrent orthopaedic lesions, size of implant, pre- and postoperative imaging including measurements of screw placement, percentage of reduction and pelvic canal width ratio, hospitalisation time and recovery time were documented. Short- and long-term outcomes were assessed through standard postoperative clinical examination, radiographs and owner questionnaire.ResultsSix cats were treated for bilateral SIL. One minor functional complication (lameness) resolved spontaneously. No major complications were reported. Mean joint reduction was good (right side 96.2% ± 6.6%, left side 98.8% ± 2.9%). The mean absolute angle of deviation was 1.3°. Pelvic canal diameter showed no significant modification. Intraoperative fluoroscopy did not reveal any cranial, ventral or foraminal impingement. Long-term follow-up examinations revealed excellent and moderate functional recuperation in 5/6 and 1/6 cases, respectively. Recovery times were satisfactory: 16.6% fully recovered within 1 month, 50% between 1 and 2 months, and 33.4% took more than 2 months.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe FAPPCS technique without the use of a guide is a viable salvage procedure for bilateral SIL in cats. Postoperative management and quality of life were considered good by most owners. When performing fluoroscopy-assisted bilateral SIL treatment, we recommend targeting the centre of the body of the sacrum before any attempt to reduce the ilium.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe