Cont Lens Anterior Eye [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Depression, anxiety, stress, and dry eye disease among Gazan undergraduate health sciences and nursing students: a structural equation modeling study.
Aljarousha M, Azemin MZC, Ariffin IA … +9 more , Alhoot MA, Elmanama AA, Alsaqqa HH, Aljeesh Y, Isa MZA, Ang MY, Alghamdi WM, Mizher HAA, Shaqoura EIH
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40925815 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate associations between dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress) among undergraduate health sciences and nursing students in the Gaza Strip during the 2...
PURPOSE: To investigate associations between dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress) among undergraduate health sciences and nursing students in the Gaza Strip during the 2023-2025 conflict period. METHODS: A cross-sectional study used convenience sampling via WhatsApp and face-to-face interviews between 4 February and 29 April 2025. Participants completed a demographic form, the Arabic Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and the Arabic Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-8 (DASS-8). Analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, correlations, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with interaction terms; sex was included as a covariate, and academic year was examined as an exploratory moderator of distress-symptom associations. RESULTS: Data from 282 students (190 female, 92 male) were analyzed. OSDI scores were skewed upward (median 25.0, IQR 16.67-33.33). Using OSDI > 12, symptomatic DED prevalence was 87.9 %. OSDI correlated with depression (r = 0.37), anxiety (r = 0.44), and stress (r = 0.56), all p < 0.001. SEM indicated a stronger unique association for stress and a smaller, significant association for depression; moderation by academic year was not statistically significant. The classifier achieved good discrimination for symptomatic status (AUC = 0.829). CONCLUSION: Among Gazan health sciences and nursing students, DED symptoms were common and associated with psychological distress-particularly stress and, to a lesser extent, depression. Sex and academic year did not show robust effects. Findings support considering mental health within DED management for students in conflict settings.
Are scleral lenses underutilized? A call for greater awareness among healthcare professionals.
Walker MK
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40912992 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Diagnostic criteria for meibomian gland dysfunction: A prospective registry-based external validation analysis.
Wang MTM, Cooper JM, Jennings CJ … +3 more , Power B, Wolffsohn JS, Craig JP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40885660 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Letter to the editor RE "Improved control efficacy of a novel aspherical orthokeratology lens compared with the traditional three-zone spherical lens in a single-blind randomized clinical trial".
Aphale DP, Shekhar H, Dokania S
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40850845 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
The impact of a hyaluronic acid derivative-containing care system on the wettability of PEG-coated rigid lenses.
Yamasaki K, Nakagawa H, Motohiro C … +2 more , Jones L, Hui A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40850844 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study investigated how a contact lens care solution containing a hyaluronic acid derivative (HAD) impacts wettability of rigid lenses, with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coatings when tested...
PURPOSE: This study investigated how a contact lens care solution containing a hyaluronic acid derivative (HAD) impacts wettability of rigid lenses, with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coatings when tested in vitro. METHODS: The adsorption of fluorescently labelled HAD and hyaluronic acid (HA) on to PEG and non-PEG coated lenses was compared by fluorescence quantification. The impact of HAD on sessile drop wettability was investigated on PEG and non-PEG coated lenses, which were cycled 300 times between an artificial tear solution (ATS) for 16 h and 8 h in a HAD or non-HAD containing solution. PEG-coated lenses were also rubbed with two commercial solutions over 30 cycles, to observe the impact on wettability. The total amount of lysozyme deposited on PEG-coated lenses when using these solutions after 30 cycles were also compared. Finally, to quantify the maintenance of the PEG coating, the amount of silicon detected nanometres under the lens surface when using either solution was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. RESULTS: Greater amounts of HAD adsorbed onto rigid lenses compared to HA. Use of a HAD-containing solution improved the wettability of non-PEG coated lenses, being similar to uncycled PEG-coated lenses after 21 cycles. The wettability of PEG-coated lenses was maintained with the HAD-containing solution, with less lysozyme deposition and similar levels of silicon detected as uncycled lenses. In contrast, the non-HAD containing solution decreased wettability over cycles, with PEG-coated lenses being similar to non-PEG coated lenses after 90 cycles. These lenses also experienced greater amounts of lysozyme deposition, and a greater amount of silicon detected below the lens surface. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of HAD into a contact lens care solution has positive effects on wettability of both PEG and non-PEG coated rigid lenses. In contrast, using a non-HAD containing solution decreased wettability over time, even for PEG-coated lenses.
Effects of wearing orthokeratology lenses for more than 5 years on the ocular surface of adolescents.
Yang XD, He XY, Lyu Y … +2 more , Wang WQ, Wan GM
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40849245 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of long-term orthokeratology (OK) lens wear on the ocular surface in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study included 30 adolescents who had worn OK lenses for more...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of long-term orthokeratology (OK) lens wear on the ocular surface in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study included 30 adolescents who had worn OK lenses for more than 5 years and 30 demographically matched adolescents who wore spectacles. They were allocated to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The ocular surface condition, visual acuity, corneal fluorescein staining, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear film lipid layer characteristics, and upper and lower meibomian glands were assessed for all participants. RESULTS: The adolescents who wore OK lenses for more than 5 years had lower average non-invasive tear break-up time (t = 2.099, p = 0.04), thinner tear film lipid layers (z = -2.657, p = 0.008), and higher rate of lower meibomian gland loss (MGL) (t = -5.541, p＜0.001) than those in the control group. Sex and refraction were independent predictors of lower MGL among long-term OK lens wearers. Males had a higher MGL rate than females (B = 16.308, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 6.05, 26.56; p = 0.003). For every 1-diopter (D) increase in refraction (1D reduction in myopia), lower MGL decreased by 4.044 % (B = -4.044, 95 % CI: -8.00, -0.09; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term OK lens wear by adolescents is associated with increased lower MGL and reduced tear film stability. Male sex and high myopia are risk factors for MGL. Regular follow-up and close monitoring of ocular surface health are recommended during extended OK lens use.
Comparison of myopia control efficacy and retinal defocus in adolescents with moderate to high myopia when wearing aspheric lenses with different back optic zone diameters.
Yu J, Yang X, Zhou Y
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40841265 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To compare aspheric lenses with different back surface optic zones, analyze the defocus distribution in adolescents with moderate to high myopia and the changes in the eye axis after wearing the lenses, and p...
OBJECTIVES: To compare aspheric lenses with different back surface optic zones, analyze the defocus distribution in adolescents with moderate to high myopia and the changes in the eye axis after wearing the lenses, and provide a basis for the precise clinical fitting of orthokeratology lenses.. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted from 2021 to 2025. 346 adolescent myopia patients were selected at Beijing Ming Vision and Ophthalmology Clinic. They were divided into Group A (small optic zone, 5.0 mm) and Group B (conventional optic zone, 6.0 mm). This study systematically compared two types of orthokeratology lenses with different back surface optic zone designs, analyzed the changes in the relative defocus values of each quadrant and annular region after wearing the lenses for 6 months and 12 months, and explored the relationship between these changes and the growth of the eye axis. RESULTS: The group with a small optic zone can generate a stronger myopic defocus effect in the region of 10° - 20°, while the group with a conventional optic zone shows more significant defocus effects in the region of 40° - 53° and the temporal region. In the nasal region, the myopic defocus value of the group with a small optic zone is higher, and the effect is enhanced as the wearing time prolongs. Multiple factors such as age, myopia degree, and pupil diameter are significantly correlated with the growth of the eye axis. Moreover, in different optic zone groups, the influence of each factor on the growth of the eye axis varies. Aspheric orthokeratology lenses with a small optic zone perform better in controlling the growth of the eye axis in adolescents with moderate to high myopia, and this effect is related to multiple ocular parameters.. CONCLUSIONS: Aspheric orthokeratology lenses with a small optic zone have a better effect on controlling the eye axis of adolescents with moderate to high myopia. This is related to multiple parameters. They may provide a more precise mechanism for myopia control.
How well does non-invasive tear break-up time reflect patient-reported ocular discomfort? Insights from a clinical setting.
Potenza M, Odorici S, Moramarco A … +2 more , Fontana L, Versura P
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40818913 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and patient-reported symptoms in Dry Eye Disease (DED), and to explore whether NIBUT can serve as a supportive clinical parameter refle...
OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and patient-reported symptoms in Dry Eye Disease (DED), and to explore whether NIBUT can serve as a supportive clinical parameter reflecting symptom severity. METHODS: This single-centre retrospective study included data from 295 subjects (209 females and 86 males), complaining of chronic ocular discomfort and evaluated in a third-level specialized lab - Laboratory for Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis, in the period between July 2023 and June 2024. NIBUT was measured with the CA-800 topographer (Topcon Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan), while subjective symptoms were estimated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and the Numerical Rate Score (NRS). RESULTS: NIBUT did not correlate significantly with the subjective scores in the total population, including OSDI (r = -0.11, p = 0.43) and VAS (r = -0.06 and p = 0.56) correspondingly. Also, at the level of individual eyes, no significant relationship was demonstrated between NIBUT and NRS scores: for the right eye, r = -0.09, for the left eye r = -0.05; p = 0.12 and 0.39 respectively Only severe OSDI scores showed an inverse correlation with NIBUT values (r = -0.22; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Although NIBUT offers a standardized and non-invasive assessment of tear film stability, our data suggest that its correlation with patient-reported symptoms is limited and becomes clinically relevant only in subjects with severe OSDI scores. These findings suggest that NIBUT cannot independently diagnose DED, but may be useful as a complementary tool within a multimodal diagnostic approach to DED.
Accommodation and convergence with spherical and toric soft contact lenses in astigmatic eyes.
Banik A, S G, Hadalgi NK … +1 more , K V A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40816950 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accommodation and convergence in astigmatic eyes with spherical and toric contact lenses. METHODS: Total of 50 non-contact lens wearers, aged between 18 and 30 years with -0.75 to -2.00 D of asti...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accommodation and convergence in astigmatic eyes with spherical and toric contact lenses. METHODS: Total of 50 non-contact lens wearers, aged between 18 and 30 years with -0.75 to -2.00 D of astigmatism were enrolled in a double-masked, randomized, crossover study. Participants attended three clinical visits and were fitted with Purevision 2 Sphere and Toric (Bausch and Lomb Inc, Rochester, NY) contact lenses in a randomized order. The amplitude of accommodation was measured using a push-up technique with a Royal Air Force Ruler, and the near point of convergence was assessed using a vertical row of letters attached to a pen torch. All participants completed the Near ActivityVisual Questionnaire (NAVQ) and a forced-choice lens preference test. RESULTS: The amount of amplitude of accommodation was significantly lower with toric contact lenses (7.86 ± 0.94 D) compared to spherical contact lenses (10.6 ± 0.84 D, p < 0.001). Similarly, near point of convergence was also significantly better with toric correction than with spherical correction (10.99 ± 1.06 cm vs. 12.78 ± 1.19 cm, p < 0.001). Participants reported improved near-visual performance with toric lenses (p < 0.001), and ninety percent (45 of 50) of participants preferred toric lenses (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Astigmatic eyes showed reduced accommodative stress and improved convergence stability with toric contact lenses. This study emphasizes the importance of correcting astigmatism to optimize binocular vision and minimize visual fatigue in contact lens wearers.
Intense pulsed light therapy to improve signs and symptoms of contact lens discomfort.
Dumpati S, Iqbal F, Vijay AK … +3 more , Tan J, Kumar M, Willcox M
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40796411 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy on signs and symptoms of Contact Lens Discomfort (CLD) in symptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers. METHODS: A prospective, randomised, double masked st...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy on signs and symptoms of Contact Lens Discomfort (CLD) in symptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers. METHODS: A prospective, randomised, double masked study was conducted on 36 eyes of 18 CL wearers (IPL: n = 20; sham: n = 16) with a Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) score ≥ 12. Participants received two IPL/sham treatments at three weeks intervals as per randomization. The sham group underwent simulated light exposure using a torch while the IPL device remained inactive. Meibomian gland expression was performed for both groups after each treatment. Symptom and clinical assessments included CLDEQ-8 questionnaire, non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear volume, meibomian gland secretion score (MGSS), meiboscore (upper/lower eye lids), MG capping, pouting, foam, telangiectasia, hyperaemia (bulbar, limbal, & palpebral), palpebral roughness, corneal staining, and lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF). Assessments were evaluated prior to treatment at baseline (D-0), and then at day 21(D-21), D-42, and D-90. RESULTS: The IPL group showed a significant reduction in CLDEQ-8 score from 18.1 ± 1.9 at D-0 to 10.7 ± 1.1 at D-42 (p = 0.01), and improved meibomian gland secretion score (MGSS) at D-21 (p = 0.02) and D-42 (p < 0.01), MG capping, and pouting remained improved at D-90 (p < 0.01). MG foam, telangiectasia, bulbar hyperaemia and corneal staining improved significantly at D-42 (p < 0.01), but most changes diminished by D-90. The sham group showed no significant changes. No differences were observed in tear film parameters at any time point. CONCLUSION: IPL therapy, effectively reduced symptoms of CLD and improved meibomian gland function, though effect diminished within 69 days after the final treatment, underscoring the need for optimized treatment protocols.
Optimizing scleral lens prescriptions: a comparison of algorithmic and conventional refraction and over-refraction in irregular corneas.
Alves-de-Carvalho RS, Macedo-de-Araújo RJ, González-Méijome JM
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40789688 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and consistency of subjective refraction using conventional methods versus an algorithm-based approach in patients with primary or secondary corneal irregularities, both with and without...
PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and consistency of subjective refraction using conventional methods versus an algorithm-based approach in patients with primary or secondary corneal irregularities, both with and without scleral lenses (SL). METHODS: Nineteen eyes of ten subjects with irregular corneas underwent non-cycloplegic refraction using (I) retinoscopy followed by conventional subjective refraction (Conventional Refraction) to achieve maximum visual acuity with the maximum positive prescription, and (II) a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer (WAM 800) followed by an algorithm-based semi-automatic phoropter (Vision-R 800). Refraction measurements were conducted with both techniques, without and with SLs. Outcomes included spherical equivalent (M) and astigmatic components (J0 and J45), and monocular high and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA). RESULTS: Without SLs, the mean difference in the spherical equivalent between methods was -0.80 ± 1.20 D (p = 0.001). With SLs, the mean difference was -1.04 ± 0.93 D (p = 0.001). Without SLs, monocular HCVA was 0.21 ± 0.20 LogMAR (range: -0.10 to 0.76) and 0.17 ± 0.14 LogMAR (range: -0.02 to 0.60) for Conventional Refraction and V-R 800 (p = 0.162), respectively. Monocular LCVA was 0.59 ± 0.22 LogMAR (range: 0.18 to 0.96) and 0.53 ± 0.20 LogMAR (range: 0.10 to 0.92) for Conventional Refraction and V-R 800, respectively (p = 0.060). With SLs, HCVA was 0.12 ± 0.16 LogMAR (range: -0.12 to 0.50) and 0.09 ± 0.11 LogMAR (range: -0.08 to 0.26) for Conventional Refraction and V-R 800 (p = 0.272), respectively. LCVA was 0.43 ± 0.20 LogMAR (range: 0.06 to 0.90) and 0.47 ± 0.15 LogMAR (range: 0.18 to 0.88), respectively (p = 0.287). CONCLUSIONS: Algorithm-based refraction method provided a more positive spherical equivalent than conventional methods, and both techniques resulted in comparable HCVA and LCVA. Algorithm-based refraction may offer an alternative for over-refraction in patients with irregular corneas during SLs.
Effect of selective topical anaesthesia on the initial comfort of rigid contact lenses.
Navascues-Cornago M, Maldonado-Codina C, Read ML … +1 more , Morgan PB
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40774861 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The primary sensory location of contact lens discomfort remains unclear. This study utilised selective topical anaesthesia of the ocular surface to investigate if the relative contribution of different tissues t...
PURPOSE: The primary sensory location of contact lens discomfort remains unclear. This study utilised selective topical anaesthesia of the ocular surface to investigate if the relative contribution of different tissues to lens-related discomfort could be determined. METHODS: This was a randomised, subject-masked, contralateral eye pilot study involving 10 participants. Mechanical sensitivity was measured at three locations on the ocular surface (cornea, upper and lower eyelid marginal conjunctiva) using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. Following sensitivity measurements, proxymetacaine hydrochloride 0.5% was topically applied to one of the three locations in one eye whilst 0.9% saline was applied to the corresponding location in the fellow eye as a placebo. Sensitivity measurements were then repeated. A pair of rigid contact lenses was subsequently applied and comfort scores were recorded after 5 min using a 0-100 visual analogue scale. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the location anesthetised decreased significantly (all Bonferroni-adjusted p<0.006), whilst the sensitivity of the unanaesthetised remaining two locations showed no significant change (all p>0.05). There was no significant change in sensitivity following the application of saline (all p>0.05). There was no significant difference in comfort following lens application between the anaesthetic and saline for the cornea and lower lid marginal conjunctiva [LSM difference (95% CI): -3.0 (-11.3, 5.3) and 2.0 (-6.3, 10.3), respectively]. However, comfort was significantly better when the upper lid marginal conjunctiva was anaesthetised compared to saline application [12.3 (4.0, 20.6)]. CONCLUSION: This work has demonstrated a novel technique which can successfully selectively anaesthetise specific regions of the ocular surface. The initial comfort of rigid lenses was better when the upper lid marginal conjunctiva was anaesthetised, which supports the hypothesis that initial comfort of rigid lenses may be driven by the interaction between the lens and the upper eyelid. This work may also have significant utility for investigating discomfort in soft contact lenses.
The impact of prolonged low-dose radiation exposure on tear function and corneal endothelial parameters in radiation workers.
Usta Küçükbezirci G, Arslan OŞ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40769862 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of prolonged occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (X-rays) on tear film parameters and corneal endothelial morphology among healthcare personnel, including radiology te...
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of prolonged occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (X-rays) on tear film parameters and corneal endothelial morphology among healthcare personnel, including radiology technicians and diagnostic imaging staff. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 144 radiation-exposed participants and 91 controls. Prolonged exposure was defined as more than 10 years, with a mean annual dose of 1.7-2.1 mSv. Participants were stratified by exposure duration into three groups: <10 years, 10-20 years, and >20 years (10-year exposures were included in the 10-20-year group). Tear film was evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I/II tests, tear breakup time (TBUT), tear osmolarity, and Oxford grading. Corneal endothelium was assessed via specular microscopy, including cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonality (HEX), pachymetry (PACH), average cell area (AVE), and standard deviation (SD). Only one eye per participant was analyzed. RESULTS: Mean OSDI scores increased progressively across radiation-exposed groups (34, 52, and 67) compared to the control group (11) (P < 0.001) accompanied by a corresponding decline in Schirmer I values (15, 8, and 9 mm vs. control: 18 mm, P < 0.001). Tear osmolarity increased with chronic low-dose radiation exposure (303, 310, and 313 mOsm/L vs. control: 302 mOsm/L), and TBUT was shortened (6, 4, and 4 s vs. control: 14 s) (P < 0.001 for both). CD was reduced in radiation groups (2683, 2709, 2647 cells/mm vs. control: 2830 cells/mm, P < 0.001), whereas CV, HEX, and PACH remained stable. Cornea guttata was more frequent in exposed individuals but did not correlate with annual dose, suggesting a potential stochastic or threshold effect. CONCLUSION: Prolonged exposure to low-dose radiation is associated with early ocular surface changes and reduced endothelial CD, supporting the need for regular ocular monitoring in radiation-exposed workers.
Understanding the quality-of-life impacts of ocular surface disease.
Baral P, Kumaran SE, Stapleton F … +4 more , Khong JJ, Carnt N, Wolffsohn JS, Pesudovs K
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40769861 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of adults with different types of ocular surface disease (OSD) to understand their quality of life (QoL) impacts. METHODS: Lived experiences of participants diagn...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of adults with different types of ocular surface disease (OSD) to understand their quality of life (QoL) impacts. METHODS: Lived experiences of participants diagnosed with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (DED), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), anterior blepharitis, neuropathic corneal pain (NCP), ocular surface involvement of autoimmune disease and contact lens discomfort (CLD) were explored using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited from specialized dry eye clinics in Australia, United Kingdom, as well as online support groups. Thematic analysis of interviews was performed to identify key QoL themes. RESULTS: Sixty-two participants participated in an in-depth interview (median age: 46 years, range 22-78). There were 16 male participants (median age: 38.5 years; range: 23-74) and 46 female participants (median age: 50 years; range 22-78). The distribution of participants by condition as follows: DED - 9, MGD - 12, anterior blepharitis - 8, NCP - 8, ocular surface involvement of autoimmune disease - 14, and CLD - 11. Thirteen major QoL themes emerged. The most significant impact observed was on the emotional wellbeing with participants describing feelings of annoyance, depression, frustration, reduced self-confidence, worry, and anxiety related to their condition. Many expressed concerns about the chronic nature of OSDs, characterised by persistent symptoms and lifelong treatment. Economic impact extended beyond direct medical expenses, affecting employment, and productivity. Participants also described difficulties with daily activities, driving and mobility. Coping strategies included adjustments to their daily routine and environment. CONCLUSION: OSDs significantly impact multiple aspects of an individual's life. These findings lay the foundation for developing a comprehensive and technologically advanced patient reported outcome measure (PROM) tailored to individuals with OSDs. Addressing these QoL concerns through targeted interventions and policy updates will be crucial in enhancing patient care and optimizing disease management.
Evaluation of deep learning models for anterior segment OCT image segmentation during scleral lens wear.
Marin YG, Alonso-Caneiro D, Collins MJ … +1 more , Vincent SJ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2026 Feb · PMID 40764201 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The accurate segmentation of corneal and contact lens boundaries in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images provides essential clinical information. The purpose of this study was to evaluat...
PURPOSE: The accurate segmentation of corneal and contact lens boundaries in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images provides essential clinical information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sixteen different deep learning (DL) models developed to segment AS-OCT images obtained during scleral lens wear. METHODS: AS-OCT images were obtained from 15 participants with normal corneas after 0 and 480 min of scleral lens wear. An experienced observer manually annotated the boundaries of interest in each image (considered the ground truth) including the anterior and posterior scleral lens surfaces, the anterior corneal epithelial surface, the anterior stromal interface, and the endothelium. Four different architectures were adapted for semantic segmentation (U-Net, U-Net++, FPN, and MA-Net) each of which was tested with five different encoders (EfficientNet-B4, DenseNet201, VGG19, ResNet34, and Xception). Following training, the segmentation performance of each model was evaluated using the Dice coefficient (measurement of the area overlap) and the mean absolute boundary error. RESULTS: All DL models displayed a high level of performance for classification and segmentation of the scleral contact lens and fluid reservoir (with Dice coefficients typically > 99 % and mean absolute error values of < 1 pixel). Misclassification issues arose for some models, likely linked to the lower reflectivity and homogeneity of the interface between Bowman's layer and the corneal stroma. Overall, only minor differences were observed between models, with the U-Net++/VGG19 combination displaying the best performance with an overall Dice score of 99.26 % and per class Dice scores ranging from 99.11 to 99.77 %. CONCLUSION: The U-Net++/VGG19 DL model displayed the best performance for AS-OCT image segmentation during scleral lens wear based on the overall Dice coefficient. Further assessment of DL models involving the segmentation of eyes with corneal disease and altered tissue morphology during scleral lens wear is warranted.
Predicting contact lens discomfort from meibomian gland morphology and function.
Iqbal F, Papas EB, Stapleton F … +5 more , Alghamdi WM, Ruan A, Darvesh K, Nguyen L, Tan J
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40750454 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To develop and validate a model to predict contact lens discomfort (CLD) using features of the meibomian glands (MG). METHODS: This study consisted of three parts: (i) 50 meibography images from contact lens wea...
PURPOSE: To develop and validate a model to predict contact lens discomfort (CLD) using features of the meibomian glands (MG). METHODS: This study consisted of three parts: (i) 50 meibography images from contact lens wearers and non-wearers were assessed to distinguish features of interest between the groups to develop an automated algorithm which was tested on 154 images from CLD participants (ii) A multivariable model was constructed with a separate population of 84 lens wearers using imaging features and ocular surface signs to predict Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) score (iii) The model was validated on two independent sets of images using Bland-Altman comparisons between actual and predicted CLDEQ-8 scores. RESULTS: Part I: Intergland distance and width of the gland at the lid margin, centre and distal end were identified as features distinguishing between lens wearers and non-wearers. Part II: In univariate analysis, CLDEQ-8 scores were negatively associated with gland width at the lid margin (r = -0.52, p = 0.01) and lipid layer thickness (r = -0.40, p < 0.05) and positively associated with tear break-up time (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), MG expressibility (r = 0.35, p = 0.01), and intergland distance at the lid margin (r = 0.73, p = 0.02). The multivariable regression model accounted for 68 % (R = 0.68, p < 0.05) of the variance in CLDEQ-8 scores. Part III: The mean difference (bias) between the predicted and actual CLDEQ-8 score was -0.1 with limits of agreement of ± 2.8 units. CONCLUSION: Morphometric features of MG can predict CLDEQ-8 score in lens wearers with reasonable accuracy. This approach may be a suitable screening tool in early detection and to understand the natural history of CLD.
Comparative in vitro efficacy of ivermectin, lotilaner, lime sulfur, tea tree oil, and lemongrass oil against Demodex folliculorum.
Demirci G, Erdur SK
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40721364 · Publisher ↗
AIM: Excessive proliferation ofDemodex folliculorumhas been implicated in blepharitis and other inflammatory ocular conditions. Given the growing interest in safer and more effective alternatives to current treatments, t...
AIM: Excessive proliferation ofDemodex folliculorumhas been implicated in blepharitis and other inflammatory ocular conditions. Given the growing interest in safer and more effective alternatives to current treatments, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vitro acaricidal efficacy of lemongrass oil, tea tree oil (TTO), ivermectin 1%, lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% (Xdemvy), lime sulfur, and olive oil (used as a negative control) againstDemodex folliculorum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult Demodex folliculorum mites were isolated from eyelash samples of blepharitis patients. Lashes were epilated under slit-lamp guidance using sterile forceps. The most motile mite per slide was selected and placed under a digital light microscope (40 × ) with 20 μL of each test agent. Mite viability was recorded in real time; death was defined as the cessation of all movement for 60 s despite mechanical stimulation. Ten mites were tested per group. Survival time data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Lotilaner 0.25 % exhibited the shortest median survival time (12.0 min), followed by ivermectin 1 % (14.0 min), lemongrass oil (14.5 min), lime sulfur (22.0 min), and TTO 5 % (27.0 min). Olive oil showed minimal acaricidal activity (median: 360.0 min). Lemongrass oil achieved the fastest complete kill time, while lotilaner demonstrated the lowest median survival time. CONCLUSION: Lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% demonstrated the shortest median survival time, followed closely by ivermectin 1% and lemongrass oil. While lemongrass achieved complete mite mortality most rapidly, lotilaner was most consistent in reducing survival time. These in vitro findings suggest that both pharmaceutical and natural agents may possess promising acaricidal activity. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore safety and clinical applicability.
Machine learning techniques in the diagnosis of meibomian glands related alterations from clinical indicators.
Fernández-Jiménez E, Diz-Arias E, Gomez-Pedrero JA … +1 more , Peral A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40695721 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: There is no "Gold Standard" test that allows the diagnosis and classification of alterations and pathologies related to Meibomian glands (MG). A global evaluation of objective and subjective tests is necessary t...
PURPOSE: There is no "Gold Standard" test that allows the diagnosis and classification of alterations and pathologies related to Meibomian glands (MG). A global evaluation of objective and subjective tests is necessary to determine the final diagnosis. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have experienced great progress in the field of health sciences, as promising techniques for predicting pathologies from data and images. The main objective of this study has been to train ML classifiers for the classification of three groups of participants with and without MG alterations. The secondary objective was to study the precision, specificity and sensitivity of the ML classifiers. METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was carried out on a total of 135 participants (control, contact lens wearers and MG pathology). Symptomatology and clinical tests were performed to evaluate the ocular surface and adnexa. The numerical data obtained from these tests were used to train ML classifiers and the top 5 were subsequently verified. RESULTS: Accuracies greater than 76 % were obtained for the training group and greater than 79 % for the verification group, for five classifiers previously described in Matlab. Subspace KNN was the classifier with the highest accuracies, specificities and sensitivities, these being moderate-high (greater than 79 %). CONCLUSIONS: ML algorithms can be useful for classifying groups of participants with various meibomian gland disorders using clinical data. A large number of participants is needed for reliable diagnostic accuracy.
Therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light in ocular demodicosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu HM, Su S, Liou CM … +1 more , Chuang AY
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40685287 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To assess the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on reducing ocular demodicosis. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted up to March 8, 2025, using the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane C...
AIMS: To assess the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on reducing ocular demodicosis. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted up to March 8, 2025, using the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-RCTs with Demodex measurements before and after IPL therapy were included. RESULTS: Six trials (five RCTs + one non-RCT) involving 329 adults were included. The overall risk of bias was assessed as low to moderate, and the certainty of evidence for all outcomes was considered low. IPL reduced Demodex mites per 100 eyelashes, with a mean difference (MD) of -7.80 (-16.36 to 0.76) with moderate heterogeneity (p = 0.11, I = 47 %) when considering only RCTs. The risk ratio of Demodex eradication was 1.41 (1.18 to 1.69, I = 0 %, p = 0.72) and was significant in both the IPL with meibomian gland expression (MGX) subgroup (1.49, 1.17-1.91) and IPL alone subgroup (1.32, 1.02-1.72). No major adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: IPL, either alone or in combination with MGX, demonstrates a trend toward reducing Demodex infestation with no major adverse events reported. However, its effect on mite count reduction has not reached statistical significance. Further studies are needed to establish an optimal IPL treatment protocol.
Intraocular pressure following long-term scleral lens wear in Chinese eyes.
Yang M, Wang F, Xu A … +6 more , Yang Q, Cao M, Chen B, Deng R, Jiang J, Vincent SJ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40675831 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Since the prevalence of glaucoma is greater in Asian populations, the purpose of this study was to investigate variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) following long-term scleral lens wear in Chinese eyes. METH...
PURPOSE: Since the prevalence of glaucoma is greater in Asian populations, the purpose of this study was to investigate variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) following long-term scleral lens wear in Chinese eyes. METHODS: This prospective, observational clinical study included 60 Chinese participants with irregular corneas (irregular cornea group, ICG) and regular corneas (regular cornea group, RCG). Following a baseline examination and scleral lens fitting and dispensing, follow-up visits were conducted after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months of scleral lens wear. IOP was measured without the lens on eye using rebound tonometry (ICG) or non-contact tonometry (RCG). RESULTS: In both the RCG and ICG, the mean IOP varied by < ± 0.3 mmHg across study visits (p > 0.05). A small number of participants (RCG n = 3, ICG n = 3, i.e. 10% of eyes) exhibited an IOP elevation of ≥ 2 mmHg from baseline across two consecutive study visits, including the final 3 month visit. CONCLUSION: On average, IOP remained stable (mean changes < ± 0.3 mmHg) in Chinese participants with regular and irregular corneas following three months of scleral lens wear. Future long-term scleral lens studies examining changes in IOP with the lens in situ (e.g., using pneumotonometry), anterior chamber anatomy, or optic nerve parameters in Chinese populations are warranted given the higher prevalence of glaucoma in Asian eyes.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe