Cont Lens Anterior Eye [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Dehydration and physicochemical changes in myopia control contact lenses: influence of material and maintenance solutions.
Noya-Padin V, Pena-Verdeal H, Rodrigues PV … +3 more , Machado AV, Yebra-Pimentel E, Lira M
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40670208 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To assess the dehydration rate in different myopia control contact lenses (CLs) and the physicochemical changes that occur after exposure to different maintenance solutions. METHODS: First, the dehydration rate...
PURPOSE: To assess the dehydration rate in different myopia control contact lenses (CLs) and the physicochemical changes that occur after exposure to different maintenance solutions. METHODS: First, the dehydration rate of CLs and its impact on refractive index and diameter were evaluated in three myopia control CLs models (MiSight 1 Day, Bloom Day, and MYLO). Measurements were taken immediately after the CL was removed from the blister and at 5-min intervals over a 30-min period. Second, the effect of different maintenance solutions on the physicochemical properties of monthly replacement myopia control CLs (MYLO) with different diameters were assessed. Refractive index, water content, diameter, lens surface hydrophobicity, and dynamic mechanical properties were measured immediately after the CL was removed from the blister and again after 12 h of immersion in each of the three maintenance solutions studied (Hidro Health HA, OPTI-Free PureMoist and Biotrue). RESULTS: The dehydration rate exhibited significant disparities among the CLs examined, with daily replacement CLs (MiSight 1 Day and Bloom Day) demonstrating the fastest dehydration and, consequently, the most significant change in refractive index. In contrast, MYLO CLs exhibited the greatest reduction in diameter. When assessing the impact of maintenance solutions on MYLO properties, changes were observed in all evaluated parameters, except for mechanical properties. These changes varied depending on the maintenance solution used and the diameter of CL. CONCLUSION: Myopia control CLs can undergo dehydration and changes due to the solutions used for their care, which may significantly affect their physicochemical properties, lens performance, comfort, and stability. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the properties of the CL material and the maintenance solutions properties to optimize the user experience and ensure consistent lens behavior over time.
Specific clinical phenotypes of dry eye disease can predict the presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the ocular surface.
Mejía-Salgado G, Rojas-Carabali W, Cifuentes-González C … +10 more , Diez-Bahamón LA, Kerguelén-Dumar V, Téllez-Zambrano J, García-Madero JJ, Guevara-Carvajal A, Moreno-Pardo ML, Tirado-Ángel J, Marroquín-Gómez G, Galor A, de-la-Torre A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40670207 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The InflammaDry test detects matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tears, a biomarker associated with ocular surface inflammation. While a positive result may indicate the need for anti-inflammatory therapy, i...
OBJECTIVE: The InflammaDry test detects matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tears, a biomarker associated with ocular surface inflammation. While a positive result may indicate the need for anti-inflammatory therapy, its cost and qualitative nature limit widespread use. This study aims to identify clinical phenotypes that predict positive InflammaDry results, facilitating targeted anti-inflammatory therapy without requiring MMP-9 testing. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 1,363 patients with Dry Eye Disease (DED) from a dry eye clinic. Diagnosis was based on symptoms and at least one tear dysfunction sign. All patients underwent InflammaDry testing. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney-U) identified clinical factors associated with test positivity, which were further analyzed in a multivariable model. The proportion of InflammaDry-positive patients was compared across groups with increasing numbers of risk factors. RESULTS: The mean age of the population was 51.4 years; 84.1 % were female, and all were Hispanic. Multivariable analysis identified several significant predictors of positive InflammaDry results: the presence of any autoimmune or allergic disease (odds ratio, OR = 1.59), corneal staining (Oxford ≥3, OR = 2.41), conjunctival staining (Oxford ≥3, OR = 2.30), low tear film viscosity (OR = 1.55), and nasal (OR 1.80) or temporal (OR = 1.47) ocular redness (Jenvis score >2 by Oculus). The frequency of a positive InflammaDry increased from 69.9 % in the total population (n = 1,363) to 100 % in those with three identified risk factors (n = 9). CONCLUSION: Specific systemic and ocular phenotypes can predict InflammaDry test results. Patients with specific characteristics may not require MMP-9 testing due to the high likelihood of having a positive result, potentially leading to more targeted and cost-effective management strategies.
A survey of attitudes and clinical behaviour of UK eyecare practitioners towards fitting contact lenses for children and young people.
Coverdale S, Mallen E, Cufflin M … +3 more , Bowen M, Lewandowski T, Ghorbani-Mojarrad N
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40634179 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study explored the attitudes and prescribing behaviours of UK eyecare practitioners (ECPs) toward fitting contact lenses (CLs) for patients under 18, and whether these have been influenced by the growing av...
PURPOSE: This study explored the attitudes and prescribing behaviours of UK eyecare practitioners (ECPs) toward fitting contact lenses (CLs) for patients under 18, and whether these have been influenced by the growing availability of myopia control options. METHODS: An online survey was conducted in 2023 with UK-based optometrists and contact lens opticians (CLOs). It examined minimum fitting ages for different CL types, key decision-making factors when prescribing for paediatrics, and changes in practitioners' willingness to fit CLs for children. Comparisons were made to a prior iteration of the survey in 2014. RESULTS: A total of 316 ECPs (248 optometrists, 68 CLOs) completed the survey, with a median of 16 years of experience. Patients under age 18 comprised an estimated 37.2 % of respondents' CL patients, dropping to 6.2 % for those under age 10. All respondents considered soft CLs suitable for under-18 s, with a median starting age of 8-9 years; rigid corneal lenses were deemed suitable from a significantly higher age of 10-12 years (p < 0.001). CLOs were more willing than optometrists to fit both lens types at earlier ages (p < 0.05) and rated a child's age as less influential in decision-making (4.9/10 vs. 6.2/10 respectively, p < 0.001). In general, the child's motivation was the most important factor (9.1/10), while sex was the least (1.8/10). Myopia control was a key consideration (8.4/10), and 38.6 % of ECPs said they had greater willingness to fit CLs for children due to increased access to myopia control options. The proportion of optometrists willing to fit a child under age 8 increased from 12.7 % in 2014 to 39.1 % in 2023. CONCLUSIONS: UK ECPs are generally supportive of CL wear in under-18 s, with myopia control increasingly influencing prescribing. CLOs appear more proactive in paediatric fittings, suggesting a need to enhance optometrists' training to improve confidence in prescribing for younger patients.
Be a force for good.
Akerman D
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40628630 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Effectiveness of DIMS combined with atropine and orthokeratology in a real-world setting in China.
Song D, Chen Y, Yao J … +1 more , Chen J
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40619289 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myopia cases have markedly increased worldwide, particularly in younger individuals. This study evaluatestheeffectofdefocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lens combined with atropine (DI...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myopia cases have markedly increased worldwide, particularly in younger individuals. This study evaluatestheeffectofdefocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lens combined with atropine (DIMSA) in the control of myopia progression versus orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses. METHODS: In this non-randomized controlled clinical study, 180 eyes in 180 myopic children treated at the Nanjing Children's Hospital between January 2022 and February 2023 were included. According to the preferences of patients and their guardians, the participants were divided into the DIMSA and ortho-k groups, with 90 cases (90 eyes) each. Totally 161 patients in both groups met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 88 and 73 in the DIMSA and ortho-k groups, respectively. Right eye parameters were analyzed. Both groups were compared in terms of change in axial length (AL), AL negative growth rate and AL elongation rate after a one-year visit. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in baseline features other than age between the DIMSA and ortho-k groups. After a one-year treatment, no statistically significant difference was found in axial elongation (AE) between the two groups. After adjustment for baseline age, axial elongations in the DIMSA and ortho-k groups were 0.14 ± 0.18 mm and 0.20 ± 0.18 mm (P = 0.025), respectively. Baseline age was the only factor impacting the axial control efficacy of DIMSA and ortho-k lenses, with a negative association between AE and age in both groups and a positive association between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) increase and baseline age in the DIMSA group. The DIMSA group exhibited higher AL negative growth and AL slow growth (≤0.15 mm) rates after one year compared with the ortho-k lens group (P = 0.008 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: DIMSA demonstrated marginally superior myopia control efficacy compared to ortho-k lenses in children with mild to moderate myopia in a real-world setting in China.
Anti-Demodex activity of castor oil confirmed in an ex vivo study.
Jennings CJ, Cooper JM, Bandamwar K … +2 more , Bitton E, Craig JP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40617731 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Periocular castor oil application shows possible benefits in managing Demodex blepharitis based on visibly reduced cylindrical dandruff at the base of the eyelashes, but the antidemodectic mechanism remains uncl...
PURPOSE: Periocular castor oil application shows possible benefits in managing Demodex blepharitis based on visibly reduced cylindrical dandruff at the base of the eyelashes, but the antidemodectic mechanism remains unclear. This research sought to establish Demodex mite susceptibility to castor oil directly in a controlled, ex vivo study. METHODS: Motile Demodex mites from epilated eyelashes with visible cylindrical dandruff were exposed to 5 µL aliquots of one of four castor oil or tea tree oil-based preparations, or remained unexposed (negative control). Adult Demodex mite motility was confirmed by high magnification microscopy every 5 min for up to 480 min post-exposure and survival time recorded when movement ceased. Tested oils were 100% cold-pressed castor oil, a proprietary castor oil preparation containing identical castor oil combined with manuka and kanuka oils, and 100% and 50% tea tree oil as positive controls. RESULTS: Survival time in the negative control group exceeded 480 min. All tested oils exhibited shortened mite survival time relative to the negative control (p < 0.05 in all cases). Survival times for 59 mites from 12 participants were plotted for the 5 experimental groups. Undiluted and proprietary castor oil preparations exhibited median (interquartile range; IQR) survival times of 235 (200-285) and 325 (240-405) minutes, respectively, with no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). A single mite from each castor oil group survived beyond 480 min. Positive controls exhibited median (IQR) survival times of 5 (5-10) mins for 100% tea tree oil and 20 (15-25) mins, for 50% tea tree oil. CONCLUSIONS: Castor oil alone, or in proprietary form supplemented with manuka and kanuka oils, reduced Demodex survival over an 8-hour period. Outcomes suggest extended duration exposure to castor oil, such as in overnight application, has demodecidal activity that could contribute to Demodex blepharitis management.
Letter to the Editor: is the elimination of keratoconus in our hands?
Tello A, Galvis V
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40592614 · Publisher ↗
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Effect of publication bias on the evidence supporting the use of myopia control interventions.
Rizzo GC, Scotti L, Recchioni A … +5 more , Ponzini E, Zeri F, Tavazzi S, Denniss J, Cheloni R
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40541449 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Publication bias exists when studies with negative results are less likely to be published, resulting in over-estimation of treatment efficacy. This study aimed to assess the impact of publication bias on curren...
PURPOSE: Publication bias exists when studies with negative results are less likely to be published, resulting in over-estimation of treatment efficacy. This study aimed to assess the impact of publication bias on current evidence supporting myopia control interventions. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve systematic-reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) assessing myopia control interventions. From eligible SRs & MAs randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating myopia control treatments (spectacle-based, contact lenses (CL), pharmacological) were included. Outcomes were mean changes in axial-length and refractive error. Pooled estimates of efficacy were computed with random effects meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: This study included 27 SRs and MAs, reporting on 49 eligible RCTs. Considering axial length outcomes, there were 41 RCTs, assessing CL (n = 16, 39 %), spectacles (n = 13, 31.7 %), and pharmacological treatments (n = 12, 29.3 %). Egger's test was significant only for pharmacological treatments (p = 0.045), but trim and fill analysis indicated that that treatment efficacy was not over-estimated. Of 46 RCTs considering refractive error outcomes, 13 (28.3 %), 14 (30.4 %), and 19 (41.3 %) examined CL, pharmacological and spectacle treatments, respectively. Egger's test showed significant asymmetry only for CL (p = 0.006), but there was not over-estimate of treatment efficacy. Among specific treatments, only atropine (refractive outcomes) and multifocal CL (axial length and refractive outcomes) had sufficient RCTs for analysis, and all Egger's test were not significant (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find evidence of publication bias affecting the current literature supporting myopia control treatments, suggesting that the effect of different interventions is unlikely to be overestimated.
Improving multifocal contact lens fitting by replicating their fitting guides using the SimVis Gekko visual simulator.
Esteban-Ibañez E, Molina-Martín A, Martínez-Plaza E … +3 more , Dorronsoro C, Gambra E, Piñero DP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40527654 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of implementing fitting guides for multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) using the SimVis Gekko visual simulator and, through a preliminary assessment with a novel metric (3D-VA, which int...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of implementing fitting guides for multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) using the SimVis Gekko visual simulator and, through a preliminary assessment with a novel metric (3D-VA, which integrates visual acuity at multiple distances and patient visual needs), determine whether this combined approach can optimise initial MCL selection. METHODS: Twenty presbyopic subjects participated in this study using two methods to select on-eye MCLs from 4 manufacturers: (1) using the first step of the fitting guide, according to the patient's addition need, to provide the MCLs recommended by the manufacturer and, (2) using SimVis Gekko simulations to obtain MCLs providing better 3D-VA, between the first and the first-alternative step of the fitting guides. Clinical measurements and metric calculations (3D-VA, perceptual score module, and direct preference) were conducted to compare the visual performance of the on-eye MCLsselected by both methods when differences existed. RESULTS: SimVis Gekko selected the same combination of MCLs as the fitting guides in 59 % of the cases. In 28 %, SimVis Gekko chose the alternative step with differences greater than 0.05 in 3D-VA. In these latter cases, the 3D-VAsobtained with the on-eye MCLs indicated that SimVis Gekko selections were better in 62 % of cases, equal in 14 %, and worse in 24 %. The perceptual score module showed that SimVis Gekko selections were better in 62 % of cases, equal in 9 %, and worse in 29 %. The direct preference indicated that SimVis Gekko selections were better in 61 % of cases. Clinical measurements revealed that MCLsselected by SimVis Gekko had better Near Activity Visual Questionnaire scoresthan the fitting guide selection acrossall manufacturers (p = 0.02), indicating greater comfort and independence for near activities. CONCLUSIONS: SimVis Gekko can effectively replicate fitting guide steps and, in combinationwith the3D-VA metric, has the potential to become a tool that helps practitioners enhance MCL wearer satisfaction. This approach could improve the adoption and visual performance of MCLs among the presbyopic population,streamlining the fitting process.
Low-level light therapy alone versus combination therapy with intense pulsed light in the treatment of dry eye disease with meibomian gland dysfunction: A randomised paired-eye and mechanism of action trial.
Chiang JCB, Dremin V, Semp DA … +4 more , Lam HY, Ting PW, Ayaz M, Wolffsohn JS
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40494722 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate ocular surface changes following intense pulsed light therapy (IPL) combined with low level light therapy (LLLT) versus LLLT alone for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in patient...
PURPOSE: To investigate ocular surface changes following intense pulsed light therapy (IPL) combined with low level light therapy (LLLT) versus LLLT alone for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in patients with dry eye disease (DED). METHODS: Twenty-four participants with MGD and DED were recruited into a double-masked, paired-eye clinical trial, with one eye randomised to being treated with combined therapy and the other eye with LLLT alone across 4 treatment sessions, each 2 to 3 weeks apart. Follow-up assessments were also conducted at 2 weeks and then 3 months after the final treatment. Outcome measures included change in DED signs, symptomatology and in-vivo confocal microscopy parameters at final follow-up from baseline. Mechanism of action was explored with laser doppler flowmetry and fluorescence measures of the central lower eyelid. RESULTS: Symptom frequency rated with the Symptom Assessment Questionnaire in Dry Eye improved from baseline to final follow-up with combined therapy (mean difference - 21.6; 95 % CI - 38.5, -4.8; p = 0.005) and LLLT alone (-20.5; 95 % CI - 37.9, -3.1; p = 0.01), while symptom severity improved only with combined therapy (-18.5; 95 % CI - 34.5, -2.6; p = 0.01). Both modalities improved meibum expressibility following 3 treatment sessions, although improvement remained at final follow-up only with LLLT alone (-0.5, 95 % CI - 0.8, -0.2; p < 0.001). Tissue flavin fluorescence decreased after the fifth visit only with combined therapy (-12.7; 95 % CI - 4.9, 20.6; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy may have further mechanistic changes in increasing cellular metabolism, in addition to improvements in symptoms and meibum expressibility compared to LLLT alone. LLLT alone could be considered an adjunctive therapy for MGD if IPL is contraindicated.
International reporting guidelines for tear fluid research: A Delphi consensus.
Schmeetz J, van de Sande N, Rojas-Carabali W … +12 more , Mergen B, Bonnet C, Boychev N, Cifuentes-González C, Kessal K, Brignole-Baudouin F, Asbell P, Kilicaslan NA, Lengyel I, Ibanez IC, Agrawal R, Gijs M
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40484775 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Tear fluid is a valuable biomarker source for diagnostics, monitoring, and screening thanks to its minimally invasive, inexpensive, and rapid collection. However, the lack of standardized reporting has hindered...
PURPOSE: Tear fluid is a valuable biomarker source for diagnostics, monitoring, and screening thanks to its minimally invasive, inexpensive, and rapid collection. However, the lack of standardized reporting has hindered reproducibility in the field. To address these challenges, this study aimed to establish international consensus-based reporting guidelines tailored to tear fluid research. METHODS: Using the Delphi methodology, the Tear Research Network engaged 74 international professionals to evaluate 35 proposed reporting statements. These statements covered essential aspects of tear fluid research, including terminology, collection, storage, pre-analytical processing, analysis, and data normalization. Professionals ranked their agreement on the need to include each of the statements based on a 5-point Likert scale (very unimportant - very important). Consensus was defined as ≥70 % agreement, and all ratings were collected and analyzed anonymously. RESULTS: Consensus was achieved for 34 of the 35 proposed statements in the first Delphi round, reflecting a high level of agreement among professionals, with 26 of these statements reaching strong consensus at agreement levels of 90% or higher. The resulting guidelines provide detailed recommendations to standardize reporting, improve transparency, and enhance reproducibility in tear fluid studies. CONCLUSIONS: The TEAR-reporting guidelines (TEAR-RG) represent a significant step toward standardizing research practices in tear fluid studies. By addressing key methodological and reporting issues, these guidelines aim to improve the reproducibility and transparency of research in this rapidly evolving field. This work underscores the importance of standardized frameworks for advancing biomarker discovery and clinical applications in tear fluid research.
Characterizing power profiles of a concentric ring multifocal contact lens for myopia management: a novel approach.
Mawhinney AJ, Buckhurst PJ, McNeile C … +2 more , Hall SD, Buckhurst HD
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40480940 · Publisher ↗
This study presents a systematic method for characterizing power profiles of concentric ring multifocal contact lenses (MFCL), specifically the MiSight® lens used in myopia management, and evaluates the potential of Mult...
This study presents a systematic method for characterizing power profiles of concentric ring multifocal contact lenses (MFCL), specifically the MiSight® lens used in myopia management, and evaluates the potential of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) modelling to extrapolate profiles across a full dioptric range. Power profiles of eleven MiSight® lenses (-0.25D, then -1.00D to -10.00D in 1.00D steps) were measured using the NIMOevo® system. MiSight® lenses comprise four concentric zones, with zones 2 and 4 providing additional plus power. Centre thickness (CT) was measured using an immersive spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomographer. Zonal boundaries were determined as asymptotes of a four-parameter sigmoidal function fitted to junctions between zones, average power within each zone was calculated between these boundaries. MARS was trained on the measured power profiles and used to generate theoretical power profiles for intermediate powers. These were validated against independently measured lenses with matching labelled powers (-1.50D, -3.50D and -6.50D). The proposed method identified consistent zonal boundaries across labelled powers, with minor power-dependent variations. CT correlated significantly with labelled power (r = 0.78). Zone 2 addition powers were consistent, while zone 4 demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing negative power. The MARS accurately modeled boundary locations and addition powers. This framework offers a systematic approach for analyzing zonal MFCL power profiles, addressing the method for determining zonal boundaries. Additional plus power provided by MiSight® lenses varies across the two zones, with a pronounced effect of reducing addition power in zone 4. MARS modelling allowed extrapolation of power profiles and warrants further investigation.
From evidence to action: why does it take so long for clinical practice to adapt?
Gil-Cazorla R
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jul · PMID 40473551 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Keratoconus amongst school children in Mumbai.
Chaurasia N, Moodley VR, Mashige KP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40473550 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and characterize the clinical profile of keratoconus [KC] among Mumbai schoolchildren. METHODS: A sample of 2 042 students aged 9-17 years was selected from schools in Mumbai through...
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and characterize the clinical profile of keratoconus [KC] among Mumbai schoolchildren. METHODS: A sample of 2 042 students aged 9-17 years was selected from schools in Mumbai through stratified random sampling. Selected participants underwent ocular assessments of visual acuity [VA], auto keratorefractometry [ARK], retinoscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and corneal topography. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted utilizing SPSS software version 25. RESULTS: The prevalence of KC was 3.6% [n = 74], with a mean age of 12.47 ± 1.7 years and 70% being female. Amongst the KC group, 58% were Hindus and 41% Muslims, with consanguinity being significantly associated with KC amongst Muslims (<0.001). In both topography [48.22D vs. 43.58D] and ARK [47.58D vs. 43.16D], K2 [steep keratometry] was higher in the KC as compared to the non-KC group. The I-S index was elevated [2.0D vs. 0.71D], unaided VA worse by 0.35 log units, and myopia [-5.27D vs. -1.89D] and irregular astigmatism [-1.88D vs. -0.68D] more severe in the KC group. Significant asymmetry was noted in the surface asymmetry index, flat and mean K values, myopia, and astigmatic refractive errors [p < 0.001] when comparing better and worse eyes. Retinoscopy showed strong associations with refractive error and topographical findings. CONCLUSION: This first population-based study among schoolchildren in Mumbai [aged 9-17] found a significant KC prevalence. A more comprehensive screening approach, incorporating key diagnostic indicators such as topographical indices [mean K, I-S index, an asymmetric bow-tie pattern], positive scissors reflex on retinoscopy, myopia [≥ - 5 D], irregular astigmatism [>1.5 D], VA of 0.35 log units or worse and marked asymmetry between better and worse eyes, proved effective in identifying KC cases. Findings highlight the need to integrate KC detection protocols into school vision programs in Mumbai for early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving long-term visual and ocular health outcomes of affected children.
Optimisation of blinking exercises for dry eye disease.
Wolffsohn JS, Travé-Huarte S, Bahra I … +4 more , Finch C, Anyaegbu U, Garcia-Porta N, Kingsnorth A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40467388 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Blinking exercises can reduce the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease, but the optimum technique, repetitions and repeats/day are unclear. Hence, this study used an instructional app to assess the best routine...
PURPOSE: Blinking exercises can reduce the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease, but the optimum technique, repetitions and repeats/day are unclear. Hence, this study used an instructional app to assess the best routine for blinking exercises. METHOD: In the optimisation stage, dryness symptoms with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI-6-item), Symptom Assessment Questionnaire iN Dry Eye (SANDE), and the time the eyes were comfortable for after a blink (the Blink Test) were assessed in 98 participants with dry eye before and after 2 weeks of blinking exercises, as well as 2 weeks after completing the blinking exercise routine. Participants were randomised between a squeeze and blink compared to blink only regimen, 2 to 4 repeats per day and 5 to 25 repetitions each time. A second efficacy study with 28 participants with dry eye disease assessed the optimum app parameters based on symptom severity and frequency, blink rate/completeness, tear film stability and volume, along with ocular surface staining over the same time period. RESULTS: Overall, blinking exercises reduced symptomatology (p < 0.01). Including a squeeze step significantly reduced symptom frequency (p < 0.01). Forty repetitions spread over two time a day was more effective than 10 repetitions 4x/day (SANDE frequency p = 0.015). Fifteen repetitions was more effective than 5 repetitions 3x/day (SANDE frequency p = 0.008). Using the optimum blinking exercise routine of 15 repeats, 3x/day for 2 weeks, dry eye symptom severity (p = 0.001), frequency (p = 0.027), incomplete blinks (p < 0.001) and conjunctival staining (p = 0.041) significantly decreased. These readings mostly returned to baseline levels two weeks after finishing the blinking exercises (p > 0.05). However, there was no significant effect on the blink rate, non-invasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height or corneal staining (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fifteen repeats of close-squeeze-open cycles, 3x/day was the optimum blinking exercise routine, reducing symptoms, number of incomplete blinks and conjunctival staining.
An in vivo study of cigarette smoke induced meibomian gland deterioration in a murine model.
Jiang Y, Zhang L, Wang J … +2 more , Lyu R, Gao Y
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40467387 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the histopathological structure of the meibomian gland in a murine model, including the presence of inflammatory mediators and sebocyte apoptosis,...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the histopathological structure of the meibomian gland in a murine model, including the presence of inflammatory mediators and sebocyte apoptosis, and to provide a new experimental basis and theoretical support to further explore the relationship between CS and dry eye. METHODS: Forty-eight female C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group (12 weeks, 24 weeks) and a CS exposure group (12 weeks, 24 weeks). The normal control group received no treatment while the CS exposure group were exposed to CS 2 cigarettes/hour, 3 h/day and 6 days/week for either 12 or 24 weeks. Corneal changes were monitored regularly. Following CS exposure, meibomian gland tissues of mice were processed for H&E staining, CD45 immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining for IL-6 and Ki67. The expression of IL-6, Ki67, P63, MMP-3 in meibomian glands were evaluated by RT-PCR. Sebocyte apoptosis was assessed through TUNEL staining. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, H&E staining in the CS12 group showed no significant change, while meibomian gland orifices were blocked in the CS24 group. TUNEL staining demonstrated a significant increase in cellular apoptosis in both smoke-exposed groups compared to the normal control group. IL-6 and MMP-3 were significantly up-regulated in meibomian gland tissues after 12 weeks of CS exposure and the expression of cell proliferation-related gene Ki67 and P63 decreased. CONCLUSION: CS exposure induces meibomian gland inflammation, promotes sebocyte apoptosis, and inhibits sebocyte proliferation in mice.
Soft toric contact lens correction of moderate astigmatism improves digital reading performance and oculomotor behaviour: An eye movement study.
Plainis S, Gleni A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40450442 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Reading on digital devices is a crucial daily activity. In this study, oculomotor behaviour and reading performance were evaluated in patients with low to moderate astigmatism corrected with spherical or toric l...
PURPOSE: Reading on digital devices is a crucial daily activity. In this study, oculomotor behaviour and reading performance were evaluated in patients with low to moderate astigmatism corrected with spherical or toric lenses, before and after a short reading task on a tablet. ΜETHODS: Silent reading performance and visual acuity (VA) of twenty four volunteers (age: 30 ± 8 yrs) was assessed binocularly with IReST passages (0.3 logMAR print size) for two contrast levels (100 % and 10 %) at 40 cm screen distance. Participants were corrected for their binocular myopic astigmatism using daily disposable contact lenses (PRECISION1, Alcon Laboratories) in either single vision (spherical) or toric design (of 0.75D or 1.25D cylinder). Recordings were repeated after a 10-minute reading activity on a tablet. Eye movements were monitored with an infrared eyetracker. Data analysis included computation of reading speed and a range of oculomotor indices. RESULTS: Average VA improved at near with toric compared to spherical lens correction at both contrast levels (high: 0.06 ± 0.07 logMAR, p = 0.001; low: 0.12 ± 0.10 logMAR, p < 0.001). Conversely, statistically significant improvements with toric lenses in reading speed (faster by 27 ± 50 wpm, p = 0.023) and the number of fixations (improved by 0.07 ± 0.12 fpw, p = 0.003) were only found for the low contrast texts before tablet use, while average fixation duration was shorter (10 ± 20 ms, p = 0.028) after tablet use. When comparing the two cylindrical corrections, reading speed improvement with toric lens correction was statistically significant only with the 1.25D cylinder for both high (52 ± 58 wpm, p = 0.001) and low (57 ± 56 ms, p = 0.024) contrast texts. The reading task on the tablet had no impact on reading performance. CONCLUSION: In contrast to VA, reading speed and oculomotor behaviour was found improved only in the correction of moderate astigmatism with soft toric lenses of 1.25D cylinder. Additionally, the 10-minute digital reading task did not influence reading performance. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The study was supported by an investigator-initiated study grant from Alcon (IIT# 73072439).
Effect of apical clearance rigid corneal contact lens fitting on keratoconus progression: a controlled longitudinal analysis.
Tsai TH, Hsu JH, Sun CC … +3 more , Hsiao CH, Lee JS, Lin KK
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Dec · PMID 40456664 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of apical clearance rigid corneal contact lens (RCCL) fitting on keratoconus (KC) progression compared to untreated KC patients over a 12-month period. METHODS: This retrospective, control...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of apical clearance rigid corneal contact lens (RCCL) fitting on keratoconus (KC) progression compared to untreated KC patients over a 12-month period. METHODS: This retrospective, controlled longitudinal study included 237 eyes with KC from two centers between 2018 and 2023. Following propensity score matching for baseline age and maximum keratometry (K), 31 eyes each were assigned to untreated and RCCL groups. RCCLs were fitted using the apical clearance method. Assessments at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Scheimpflug corneal tomography and higher-order aberrations (HOAs). KC progression was defined by any of the following: an increase in K or anterior steep keratometry (K2) of >1.0 D, a decrease in thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) of > 10 μm, or a loss of >1 line of BCVA. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: No significant differences in BCVA, tomographic indices, or HOAs were observed between the untreated and RCCL groups at baseline or during follow-up at 3 and 12 months (all p > 0.05). KC progression rates were comparable between the groups, occurring in 12.9 % of untreated eyes and 19.35 % of RCCL treated eyes by 12 months (p = 0.731). GEE analysis revealed a significant reduction in K2 at 3 months within the RCCL group (p = 0.003); however, no other significant longitudinal differences were detected within or between groups at any follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Apical clearance RCCL fitting did not significantly affect overall KC progression compared with no treatment over 12 months. However, the significant reduction in K2 at 3 months in the RCCL group suggests that one week of contact lens discontinuation may not be sufficient for the cornea to fully return to its natural state.
International trends in prescribing contact lenses for myopia control (2011-2024): An update.
Efron N, Morgan PB, Woods CA … +4 more , Jones D, Jones L, Santodomingo-Rubido J, Nichols JJ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40451690 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The progression of myopia can be slowed using soft myopia control (SMC) and orthokeratology myopia control (OKMC) contact lenses. The purpose of this work is to update an earlier survey (covering years 2011-2018...
PURPOSE: The progression of myopia can be slowed using soft myopia control (SMC) and orthokeratology myopia control (OKMC) contact lenses. The purpose of this work is to update an earlier survey (covering years 2011-2018) by describing international trends in SMC and OKMC fitting between 2011 and 2024. METHOD: An annual contact lens prescribing survey was sent to eye care practitioners in up to 71 countries between 2011 and 2024. Data are reported here for 8,578 lens fits undertaken across 20 countries to 6-12-year-old children, comprising 688 SMC fits, 918 OKMC fits, and 6,972 non-myopia control (NMC) fits. To assess current trends, the proportion of fits between 2020 and 2024 for 12 countries returning ≥30 myopia control fits was analysed (n = 2,277 fits). RESULTS: There was a small increase in SMC fitting from 0.0 % in 2011 to 3.9 % in 2016, a significant increase to 29.5 % in 2021, and a slower increase to 30.4 % in 2024 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of OKMC fits, in relation to all rigid lens fits, increased from 40.8 % in 2011 to 86.9 % in 2024 (p < 0.0001). Of all soft lens fits, SMC fits were 7.2 % and 8.7 % to males and females, respectively (p = 0.0008). There was a decrease in the percentage of SMC fits with increasing age (p < 0.0001). No such sex/age associations were evident with OKMC fits. The proportion of all contact lens fits over the past 5 years (2020-2024) were as follows: SMC fits - 24 % (n = 525), OKMC fits - 17 % (n = 320), and NMC lens fits - 59 % (n = 1,332). CONCLUSION: There has been a substantial increase in SMC and OKMC lens fitting over the past 14 years, reflecting a heightened awareness among eye care practitioners and parents of the importance of slowing the progression of myopia in children.
In vivo assessment of multifocal contact lens fitting using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
Rodriguez-Lopez V, Esteban-Ibañez E, Gonzalez-Ramos A … +2 more , Marcos S, Martinez-Enriquez E
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40451689 · Full text
Multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) are designed to provide near vision functionality in presbyopia. They rely on the correct deployment of the multifocal power profile on the cornea and on the optical interactions between...
Multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) are designed to provide near vision functionality in presbyopia. They rely on the correct deployment of the multifocal power profile on the cornea and on the optical interactions between the MCL and the eye. The contact lens profile on the eye and the potential conformity to the cornea was evaluated using custom-developed spectral anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT images were obtained from one eye of 13 subjects (age: 35.7 ± 13.8 years) with naked eyes and with MCLs on the eye. All eyes were measured with the same MCLs: 1-Day Acuvue® Moist Multifocal with low, medium, and high additions. Images were processed using custom routines for segmentation, fan distortion correction, 3D model construction and quantification. The radius of curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the MCLs (RAL and RPL, respectively) and the anterior surface of the naked cornea (RAC) were obtained within a 3-mm diameter central area (addition area) and within a 3-6 mm peripheral ring. The power profile was also obtained by a ray-tracing analysis. RAC ranged from 7.5 to 8.2 mm across subjects (mean 8.02 ± 0.22 mm). RAC was correlated with RPL and RAL in the periphery (r > 0.80, p < 0.05) and in the addition (r > 0.79, p < 0.05) areas for the three MCL additions. The average power profile exhibited a slightly lower addition than that reported by the manufacturer (1.32, 1.36, and 1.83 D for low, medium, and high additions), but similar to other off-eye reports in the literature. OCT equipped with quantification tools allows to study the fitting of MCLs to the eye in vivo. It was found that, overall, soft MCLs conform to the underlying cornea, in both the central and the peripheral areas, and the central near add is provided as expected.
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