Cont Lens Anterior Eye [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Diagnostic age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals of Meibomian gland morphological features.
Novo-Diez A, Blanco-Vázquez M, Arlanzón-Lope P … +4 more , Valencia-Sandonís C, Calonge M, González-García MJ, Fernández I
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40436664 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To establish reference intervals of Meibomian gland (MG) characteristics in healthy participants, and to classify meibography images of evaporative type dry eye disease (DED) subjects according to the determined...
PURPOSE: To establish reference intervals of Meibomian gland (MG) characteristics in healthy participants, and to classify meibography images of evaporative type dry eye disease (DED) subjects according to the determined reference intervals. METHODS: Prospective study including healthy and evaporative type DED subjects. Upper eyelid meibography images were analyzed to evaluate: MG length, minimal distance between endpoints, tortuosity, width, MG shortening area, deviation from a vertical orientation, number of linear segments, MG global area, and number of MGs. Reference intervals for MG characteristics were determined using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Participants with evaporative type DED were classified as normal or non-normal based on the reference intervals. Clinical features were compared between groups using Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Participants were 156 healthy individuals (50.6 % males; mean age 44 years) and 39 individuals with evaporative type DED (74.4 % women; mean age 62 years). MG length, minimal distance between endpoints, tortuosity, and width, depended on age but not on sex. MG shortening area depended on age and sex. Neither age nor sex affected the deviation from a vertical orientation, number of linear segments, MG global area, and number of MGs. Furthermore, 66.7 % of the participants in the evaporative type DED group were classified as normal (all the MG characteristics fell within the corresponding reference intervals). A significantly higher value was observed in the non-normal group in OSDI (P = 0.034) and meibum expressibility (P = 0.041, indicative of poor expressibility). CONCLUSIONS: Reference intervals values may be useful in classifying meibography images as normal or non-normal, thus aiding in the objective diagnosis of morphological alterations of MGs.
Changes of axial elongation and corneal topography after switching from standard to reduced back optic zone diameter orthokeratology lenses.
Chen W, Yang L, Zhang X … +5 more , Ren L, Wang C, Wang J, Zheng X, Wu J
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40414732 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effects of a modest reduction in back optic zone diameter (BOZD) in orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses on axial elongation and visual performance. The goal is to determine whether this...
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effects of a modest reduction in back optic zone diameter (BOZD) in orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses on axial elongation and visual performance. The goal is to determine whether this adjustment enhances myopia control in children with rapid progression and suboptimal outcomes, while maintaining visual quality and exploring the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from 109 myopic children undergoing ortho-k fitting over two years. The continued group wore traditional 6.0 mm BOZD lenses, while the switched group wore 6.0 mm lenses in the first year and transitioned to 5.8 mm BOZD lenses in the second year. The changes of Axial length (AL) elongation and corneal topography parameters, including treatment zone (TZ) size, cumulative relative corneal refractive power within a 4.80 mm diameter (Sum4.8), TZ decentration, and percentage of defocus zone within the pupil area (PDZP). RESULTS: In the continued and switched groups, the baseline age was 9.92 ± 2.19 and 9.38 ± 1.58 years, respectively. During the second year, the switched group exhibited a significantly reduced AL elongation compared to the continued group (0.17 ± 0.24 mm vs 0.28 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.02). Additionally, Sum4.8 was significantly elevated in the continued group. However, there wasno significant differences in TZ size and decentration, or PDZP between the two groups, indicating that the 0.2 mm reduction in BOZD may not be sufficient to influence these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The transition to a BOZD of 5.8 mm improved myopia management by mitigating AL elongation without producing visual problems, possibly attributable to an augmented peripheral myopic defocus. This study offers empirical support for the clinical advantages of decreasing BOZD in ortho-k for pediatric patients with suboptimal myopia control.
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and safety of pulsed versus continuous wave UVC.
Marasini S, Dean SJ, Swift S … +1 more , Craig JP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40404530 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Preclinical studies have confirmed efficacy of ultraviolet C (UVC) light in managing superficial corneal infections. This study sought to establish if delivering UVC in pulsed form enhances antimicrobial efficac...
PURPOSE: Preclinical studies have confirmed efficacy of ultraviolet C (UVC) light in managing superficial corneal infections. This study sought to establish if delivering UVC in pulsed form enhances antimicrobial efficacy compared to continuous delivery, and whether pulsed delivery in ocular tissue results in deeper penetration or introduces additional safety concerns. METHODS: This study compared antimicrobial efficacy, depth of penetration, and safety of continuous versus pulsed wave delivery of UVC (20 Hz, 50% duty cycle) in three experimental setups. Firstly, efficacy was assessed using a simulated in vitro corneal wound model infected with bioluminescent P. aeruginosa, comparing matched-fluence, 0 to 120 s continuous wave versus 0 to 240 s pulsed wave exposures. Secondly, penetrability was evaluated in an ex vivo porcine corneal model (0 to 650 µm thickness). Lastly, safety was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess DNA photoproducts, cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPD), focusing on their spatial distribution and density after UVC exposure (579 mJ/cm). RESULTS: Comparable antimicrobial efficacy was observed for continuous and pulsed wave UVC (50% duty cycle) for all exposure durations (p > 0.05), except the 40 s pulsed wave, which was more effective than the 20 s continuous wave (p < 0.05). Corneal UVC transmission was limited and comparable for both delivery modes (all p > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry confirmed CPD were confined to the superficial corneal epithelial layers, with no significant differences in depth or extent of CPD formation between pulsed and continuous wave delivery modes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In in vitro and ex vivo testing, pulsed wave UVC demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy that was at least as good as continuous wave delivery, demonstrated comparable corneal depth penetration, and similar spatial distribution of CPD.
How effective and safe are punctal plugs in treating dry eye disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chen KY, Chan HC, Chan CM
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40393913 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability and ocular discomfort, often treated with punctal plugs to enhance tear retention. Despite their widespread us...
BACKGROUND: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability and ocular discomfort, often treated with punctal plugs to enhance tear retention. Despite their widespread use, the efficacy, safety, and retention profiles of punctal plugs require comprehensive evaluation. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of punctal plugs in managing DED, focusing on tear film stability, tear production, symptom relief, ocular surface integrity, and plug retention rates. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024559417). The search strategy included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published up to January 2025, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. Eligible studies involved adults with DED treated with punctal plugs, reporting outcomes such as tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining, and retention rates. Data were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models based on heterogeneity (I2 statistic). Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB2 (RCTs) and ROBINS-I (non-RCTs) tools, and publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. RESULTS: Seventeen studies (1,658patients) were included. Punctal plugs significantly improved TBUT (mean difference (MD): 1.8 s; 95 % CI: 1.8-1.9; p < 0.001), Schirmer's test scores (MD: 3.1 mm; 95 % CI: 3.1-3.2; p < 0.001), OSDI scores (MD: -20.6; 95 % CI: -21.3 to -19.9; p < 0.001), fluorescein staining (MD: -1.79; 95 % CI: -1.82 to -1.76; p < 0.001), and Rose Bengal staining (MD: -0.7; 95 % CI: -0.79 to -0.67; p < 0.001). Retention rates were high of 86 % (logit: 1.78; 95 % CI: 1.62-1.94) with smart plug showing high retention of 97.3 %. Heterogeneity was low (I = 0-24.1 %) across most outcomes. Evidence was moderate to high, supported by RCTs, though some cohort studies exhibited moderate bias in confounding, selection, and outcome measurement. Publication bias was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Punctal plugs are an effective and safe treatment for moderate-to-severe DED, significantly improving tear film stability, tear production, symptoms, and ocular surface health, with high retention rates. Low heterogeneity and minimal publication bias strengthen these findings, though moderate bias in some non-RCTs suggests caution. Future research should refine plug designs and address methodological limitations to optimize outcomes.
Effect of soft contact lens wear on corneal endothelial cell characteristics.
Aljaberi HA, Rahmani S, Muhammad GA
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40383650 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of soft contact lens (SCL) wear on corneal endothelial morphology, particularly endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (COV), and hexagonality (HEX), comparing SCL wearer...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of soft contact lens (SCL) wear on corneal endothelial morphology, particularly endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (COV), and hexagonality (HEX), comparing SCL wearers with non-wearers in a young adult population in Iraq. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 394 participants, aged 18-30 years, comprising 207 SCL wearers and 187 non-wearers. Corneal endothelial characteristics were assessed using non-contact specular microscopy to measure ECD, COV, and HEX. The spherical equivalent (SE) was measured using an autorefractometer. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way and two-way ANOVA tests to compare between groups. RESULTS: A total of 394 subjects participated in the study, including 207 CL wearers (108 silicone hydrogel and 99 traditional hydrogel) and 187 non-CL wearers (control group), with 149 males and 245 females. The mean age was 23.90 ± 3.07 years, and the mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -3.07 ± 1.36 diopters. The duration of CL wear ranged from 2 to 12 years, with an average of 6.37 ± 3.25 years. Participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (2-6 years) and Group 2 (7-12 years). Statistical analysis revealed significant changes in endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (COV), and hexagonality (HEX) in CL wearers (p < 0.001), with more pronounced alterations in Group 2, particularly among traditional hydrogel lens wearers. CONCLUSION: Prolonged soft contact lens wear is associated with significant changes in corneal endothelial morphology, including decreased ECD, increased COV, and reduced HEX, which worsen with extended use. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring corneal health in long-term SCL users and suggest the need for regular ophthalmic evaluations to mitigate potential risks.
The relationship between the eyelid status and contact lens discomfort.
Valencia-Nieto L, López-de la Rosa A, López-Miguel A … +1 more , González-García MJ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40383649 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To study the relationship between eyelid alterations and the presence of contact lens discomfort (CLD) in soft contact lens (CL) wearers. METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven CL wearers were included in this cross-...
PURPOSE: To study the relationship between eyelid alterations and the presence of contact lens discomfort (CLD) in soft contact lens (CL) wearers. METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven CL wearers were included in this cross-sectional study. CLD symptoms were quantified by the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ)-8. Participants were also classified considering the CLD effect on wearing time. Non-invasive tear break-up time was measured with the EasyTear® VIEW + Tearscope, tear film lipid layer thickness was assessed with the LipiView II interferometer, and lid margin parameters, Meibomian gland morphology and function, and lid wiper epitheliopathy were evaluated using slit-lamp biomicroscopy (SL-D7, Topcon corp.). Correlations between symptoms and signs were analysed, and multivariable regression models were performed. RESULTS: Lid margin thickness (p = 0.07), Meibomian gland secretion quality (p = 0.02) and expressibility (p = 0.09) showed a significant (p ≤ 0.1) simple association with the CLD effect classification, but only lid margin thickness reached statistical significance in the multivariable regression model [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval): 0.52 (0.30/0.87); p = 0.015]. No significant (p ≤ 0.05) simple linear association was found between the CLDEQ-8 and any of the ocular parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of mild CLD symptoms in soft CL wearers was not consistently associated with any eyelid alteration, except for lid margin thickness. Future studies assessing the impact of lid margin thickness on CLD would be valuable.
Unveiling the psychological dimensions of myopia progression: Anxiety and perceived parental rearing styles in children and adolescents.
Ye L, Sun Y, Cheng J … +5 more , Zhang Y, Wang D, Tong Q, Hu L, Lu Q
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40379504 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the associations among axial length elongation, anxiety, and perceived parental rearing styles across different refractive error groups in children and adolescents. METHODS: This...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the associations among axial length elongation, anxiety, and perceived parental rearing styles across different refractive error groups in children and adolescents. METHODS: This hospital-based retrospective study included 193 children and adolescents aged 8-16 years, with one year of follow-up. Ocular examinations included axial length measurements and noncycloplegic subjective refraction. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the modified version of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran for Children were used to evaluate anxiety and perceived parental rearing styles, respectively. RESULTS: Participants with mild to moderate myopia exhibited a higher proportion of anxiety status than those with emmetropia or hyperopia. Among myopic participants, correlation analysis indicated that anxiety scores were positively associated with axial length elongation, parental rejection, and parental overprotection, while negatively correlated with parental emotional warmth. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that greater axial length elongation and parental rejection increased the risk of higher anxiety scores after adjustment. Mediation analysis showed that parental rejection partially mediated the effect of axial length elongation on anxiety scores, accounting for 29% of the total effect. The association between axial length elongation and anxiety was not identified among participants with emmetropia or hyperopia. CONCLUSIONS: Among children and adolescents with mild to moderate myopia, greater axial length elongation was significantly associated with higher anxiety scores, with parental rejection mediating 29% of this relationship. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the psychological health and parenting styles of myopic children and adolescents with rapid progression, though prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
The association between corneal immune cell dynamics and comfort in silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers.
Valencia-Nieto L, Edwards K, Tavakoli A … +7 more , González-García MJ, López-Miguel A, Dando S, Hui A, Markoulli M, Papas EB, Colorado LH
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40374433 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To study the association between corneal immune cell dynamics and contact lens (CL) comfort, as well as tear film inflammatory mediators in established CL wearers. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study i...
PURPOSE: To study the association between corneal immune cell dynamics and contact lens (CL) comfort, as well as tear film inflammatory mediators in established CL wearers. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study including existing CL wearers was conducted. Symptoms were assessed with a comfort visual analog scale (VAS) and the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8. In-vivo corneal confocal microscopy was used to track immune cell dynamics over 3 timepoints at 5-minute intervals. Trajectory speed was calculated as the total length travelled by cells divided by time; displacement speed as the straight-line distance between the start and end positions of a cell divided by time; and persistence ratio as the ratio of displacement speed and trajectory speed. Measurements were performed for 1-3 cells per participant, and the minimum, maximum, and average values were analyzed. Tear film samples were collected to assess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. Correlations between immune cell dynamics, symptoms, and tear inflammatory mediators, were analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen CL wearers (4 men and 15 women) aged 30 ± 5 years were included. Participants wore silicone hydrogel CLs for 8-10 h before clinical assessment. There was a significant association between comfort VAS and the maximum (rho = 0.533; p = 0.019) and average (rho = 0.506; p = 0.027) values of immune cell displacement speed. The concentration of MMP-9 was associated with the minimum value of trajectory speed (rho = 0.621; p = 0.031). Finally, the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was associated with the maximum value of trajectory speed (rho = -0.717; p = 0.030), and the maximum (rho = -0.720; p = 0.008) and average (rho = -0.678; p = 0.015) values of displacement speed. CONCLUSION: Corneal immune cell dynamics is related to sensations of discomfort in silicone hydrogel CL wearers, with cell speed possibly being regulated by inflammatory mediators assessed from the tear film. These observations may aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying the discomfort response.
Association between disinfectant resistance genes in exoU and exoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa with sensitivity to multipurpose disinfecting solutions and antibiotics.
Akter T, Stapleton F, Green M … +1 more , Willcox M
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40368654 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine differences in susceptibility of exoU and exoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa to multi-purpose disinfecting solutions (MPDS) and antibiotics and their association with disinfect...
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine differences in susceptibility of exoU and exoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa to multi-purpose disinfecting solutions (MPDS) and antibiotics and their association with disinfectant resistance genes. METHODS: A total of 16 exoU and 24 exoS P. aeruginosa keratitis isolates were tested for susceptibility against four multipurpose disinfecting solutions (OPTI-FREE PureMoist, Acuvue RevitaLens, Biotrue, and Renu Advanced Formula) using minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. Antibiotic susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was determined by MIC. Whole genome sequences from 27 isolates were utilized to identify disinfectant resistance genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and Geneious Prime respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the disinfectant resistance genes qacE, qacEΔ1, and sugE1. Correlation between disinfectant resistance genes and their SNPs with disinfectant and antibiotic MICs was determined by Spearman's Rho. RESULTS: All MPDS were bactericidal at full strength, but upon dilution OPTI-FREE Puremoist and Renu Advanced Formula were the most active against the exoU and exoS groups correspondingly. ExoU showed significantly higher resistance than exoS (p ≤ 0.04) to levofloxacin (37.5 % vs. 8.3 %), gentamicin (43.8 % vs. 0 %), and tobramycin (37.5 % vs. 0 %). The qacEΔ1 and sugE1 genes along with several SNPs in the resistance genes were more common in the exoU group. SNPs in disinfectant resistance genes correlated with MPDS MICs/MBCs, notably mexQ Arg1036His (R ≥ -0.38, p ≤ 0.04), Gly505Asp (R ≥ 0.40, p ≤ 0.04) and opmD Gly269Ser (R ≥ 0.43, p ≤ 0.03). QacEΔ1 and sugE1 were linked to increased MIC (R ≥ 0.54, p < 0.01) and MBC (R ≥ 0.50, p < 0.01) for Renu Advanced Formula. Also, multiple SNPs and qacEΔ1 and sugE1 showed moderate to large positive associations with antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: ExoU strains had distinct MPDS susceptibility patterns, with higher disinfectant resistance genes prevalence and mutations, contributing to MPDS and antibiotics resistance.
The impact of soft contact lenses on the corneal neuromediators and optical quality in high myopia.
Shao Y, Li M, Wang W … +5 more , Shi Y, Sun L, Qian Y, Ma X, Zou J
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40350347 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: To investigate the impact of long-term soft contact lenses (SCLs) wear on corneal neuromediators within stromal lenticules and its effect on optical quality. METHODS: This study enrolled 140 eyes from 70 pati...
BACKGROUND: To investigate the impact of long-term soft contact lenses (SCLs) wear on corneal neuromediators within stromal lenticules and its effect on optical quality. METHODS: This study enrolled 140 eyes from 70 patients with high myopia who underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Participants were divided into three groups according to the duration of SCLs wear: > 10 years group, ≤ 10 years group, and a non-wearing group (NW). Corneal higher-order aberrations and densitometry were assessed using a Pentacam system. Levels of Neuromediators in stromal lenticules were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence analysis. The relationships among SCLs wear duration, neuromediator levels, and optical quality parameters were evaluated through multiple comparative analyses. RESULTS: The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), substance P (SP), and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) were significantly elevated in SCLs wearers. In comparison to the NW group, corneal densitometry values within the 0-6 mm zone were obviously higher in both the ≤ 10 years and > 10 years groups. The total higher-order aberrations and horizontal coma were observed to be increased in the > 10 years group. Significant correlations were found between NGF levels and corneal densitometry values in the anterior layer at the 0-2 mm and 2-6 mm zones in the > 10 years group, as well as between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels and corneal densitometry values in the the central layer's 0-2 mm zone in the NW group. CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged wear of SCLs in individuals with high myopia may result in an increase in the levels of corneal stromal neuromediators and a deterioration in corneal optical quality. Notably, neuromediators are significantly associated with corneal optical quality.
Scleral lens prescribing trends in a large specialty contact lens practice in the Netherlands.
van Ooik DJ, Soeters N, Krijgh WAC … +1 more , Visser ES
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40348714 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To report scleral lens prescribing trends in a large specialty contact lens practice in the Netherlands. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, data of all scleral lens orders between 2016 and 2022 were co...
PURPOSE: To report scleral lens prescribing trends in a large specialty contact lens practice in the Netherlands. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, data of all scleral lens orders between 2016 and 2022 were collected. Patient demographics, scleral lens design, scleral lens parameters and one lens order per eye per fitting period were analysed. All scleral lenses were fitted using the Visser fitting philosophy with diagnostic trial sets. RESULTS: In total, 27,430 scleral lenses for 6,635 unique patients were evaluated, of which 2,594 unilateral cases, 16,685 mini-scleral lens designs (60.8 %) and 10,745 large scleral lens designs (39.2 %). Median patient age at the time of the initial order was 43 years (range 3-95) and 53.4 % were male. Keratoconus patients were the youngest group (median 35 years, range 9-83). For all indications, except for keratoplasty, the proportion of mini-scleral versus large scleral lens design increased significantly over time (44 % in 2016, 74 % in 2022). The ratio of tangential versus curved landing zones was 10:1 in mini and 1:1 in large scleral lens design. Both lens design landing zones were toric in 99.8 % of all cases. The median (range) flattest tangent of the landings zone was 38 (16-58) degrees (mini-scleral lens design) and 44 (37-53) (large scleral lens design). The median (range) flattest curve of the landing zone for the large scleral lens was 12.5 (10.5-13.8). Median sagittal depth was 3.5 versus 4.3 mm, median BOZR was 8.6 versus 8.2 mm and median diameter was 16 versus 20 mm in mini and large scleral lens designs, respectively. The mean number of lenses (±SD) ordered for a successful new fit for all designs combined was 1.4(±0.7). CONCLUSION: A notable result of this study was the predominant use of toric scleral lens landing zones. During the study period the prescribing trend shifted from large towards mini-scleral lens designs. The fitting strategy with diagnostic trial sets resulted in high success rates with low numbers of re-orders.
Double Iris, A case report.
Ali Al-Wassiti AS, Rashed AM, Mutar MT
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40345892 · Publisher ↗
The formation of the iris involves interactions between the neural ectoderm, neural crest-derived cells, and the mesoderm. This report describes the occurrence of double iris in a patient and describes the clinical profi...
The formation of the iris involves interactions between the neural ectoderm, neural crest-derived cells, and the mesoderm. This report describes the occurrence of double iris in a patient and describes the clinical profile for him. The study presents a case of 31-year-old male with a history of blurred vision in the left eye since childhood. His left eye (OS) was amblyopic with a VA of 6/60. There was hypermetropia in the left eye and intraocular pressure (IOP) was within the normal range. Anterior chamber (AC) showed no signs of inflammation, and the vitreous was clear. The slit lamp examination revealed double iris bilaterally that was confirmed using an optical coherence tomography.
Patient considerations versus actual reasons for contact lens cessation: Insights from a survey-based study.
Ballesteros-Sánchez A, Gispets J, Torrents A
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40280788 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To analyze and compare non-contact lens-related and contact lens-related reasons influencing cessation considerations in current contact lens wearers (CLWs) with the actual reasons for cessation reported by disc...
PURPOSE: To analyze and compare non-contact lens-related and contact lens-related reasons influencing cessation considerations in current contact lens wearers (CLWs) with the actual reasons for cessation reported by discontinued CLWs. METHODS: This was an cross-sectional study with face-to-face survey administered to current and discontinued CLWs by trained optometrists at the General Óptica centers across Spain. The survey included basic demographic information, and explored both non-contact lens-related and contact lens-related reasons that led current CLWs to consider cessation or resulted in cessation among discontinued CLWs. RESULTS: A total of 1266 surveys, including 764 from current CLWs and 502 from discontinued CLWs, were included. Regarding non-contact lens-related reasons for cessation, discontinued CLWs more frequently reported a "Preference for wearing spectacles" (13.1 % vs. 3.8 %, P < 0.05) and "Recommendation by an eye care practitioner" (5.2 % vs. 0.6 %, P < 0.05), while current CLWs more often cited "Refractive surgery" (15.8 % vs. 9.4 %, P < 0.05). For contact lens-related reasons for cessation, discontinued CLWs more frequently reported "Difficulty handling contact lenses" (10.6 % vs. 1.9 %, P = 0.001), whereas current CLWs more commonly cited "Contact lens-related ocular symptoms" (57.6 % vs. 43.8 %, P < 0.05). Agreement between groups was generally low for all reasons analyzed, ranging from -0.115 to 0.103. CONCLUSIONS: The reasons for cessation from the perspective of current and discontinued CLWs yield different results. By addressing the reasons considered by current CLWs, while taking into account the reasons most strongly associated with cessation in discontinued CLWs, eye care practitioners could proactively prevent CL cessation.
REPLY TO Effectiveness of orthokeratology and myopia control spectacles in a real-world setting in China.
Yang B, Liu L, Cho P
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jul · PMID 40246644 · Publisher ↗
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Harnessing medicinal maggot excretions/secretions for the ocular surface: A mini review.
Owusu E, Redfern RL
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40240210 · Publisher ↗
Ophthalmology could significantly benefit from the therapeutic potential of medicinal maggots, which have been extensively utilized in dermatology for wound healing and infection management. This article reviews the evid...
Ophthalmology could significantly benefit from the therapeutic potential of medicinal maggots, which have been extensively utilized in dermatology for wound healing and infection management. This article reviews the evidence supporting the potential translation of maggot excretions/secretions (ES) for treating ocular surface wounds and infections. It examines the challenges associated with treating ocular surface wounds and infections, the established role of medicinal maggots in chronic skin wound care, and the composition and biological properties of maggot ES. Furthermore, recent research on the impact of maggot ES on the ocular surface is highlighted, along with future research directions necessary to effectively harness its bioactive components for ocular surface-related treatments.
Impact of definition of meibomian gland dysfunction on the frequency of MGD in dry eye disease from the DREAM© study.
Jagadeesh D, Lin MC, Stapleton F … +3 more , He J, Ying GS, Asbell P
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40222849 · Full text
PURPOSE: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common disease, yet there is no standard clinical definition. This study explored the frequency and characteristics of MGD in dry eye disease (DED) using different clinical...
PURPOSE: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common disease, yet there is no standard clinical definition. This study explored the frequency and characteristics of MGD in dry eye disease (DED) using different clinical definitions. METHODS: A secondary analysis of data collected from the DREAM© study participants (n = 535) with moderate-to-severe DED was undertaken. Three common MG clinical features; plugging, secretion quality, and MG atrophy grade, either separately or in combination were used to create MGD definitions. The frequency of MGD, defined by the per eye findings, was reported. Demographic characteristics were compared between those with and without MGD. RESULTS: The frequency of MGD in DED varied from 12 % (gland plugging, plus poor secretion quality plus gland atrophy) to 55 % (gland plugging alone) of eyes. Older age was associated with MGD when atrophy-based definitions were used (p < 0.001) but was not associated with MGD definitions using plugging or secretion quality (p > 0.05). After adjustment for age and between-eye correlations, MGD frequency was higher in women for definitions based on lower lid gland atrophy (adjusted p < 0.05). Hispanic or Latino ethnicity was more commonly associated with MGD than other ethnicities (adjusted p < 0.001), for definitions based on plugging and secretion quality. CONCLUSION: The frequency of MGD in DED varied with MGD definition. The highest frequency occurred where MGD was defined as lower eyelid gland plugging. Gland atrophy increased with age. The variation in disease frequency has implications for clinical diagnosis and determining efficacy assessment in intervention studies.
Vision in times of war: Managing keratoconus in children and the role of omega-3 and vitamins in supporting eye health.
Tepleshniuk V, Barinov Y
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jul · PMID 40221352 · Publisher ↗
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Optimising the methodology for assessing tear meniscus height using digital imaging.
Wolffsohn JS, Ayaz M, Bandlitz S … +3 more , von der Höh F, Ebner A, Craig JP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jul · PMID 40221351 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To determine the optimum method for assessing tear meniscus height using digital imaging. METHOD: The tear meniscus of 38 participants (mean age 32.5 ± 10.6 years, 45 % male) was video recorded three times, each...
PURPOSE: To determine the optimum method for assessing tear meniscus height using digital imaging. METHOD: The tear meniscus of 38 participants (mean age 32.5 ± 10.6 years, 45 % male) was video recorded three times, each for a period of five seconds following two natural blinks using the Oculus Keratograph 5M, first with infrared and subsequently with visible (white) light. Still images at 0.5 s intervals from the last blink, up to 5 s, were extracted from the video recording and the lower eyelid tear meniscus height was measured using ImageJ at seven locations; immediately below pupil centre and at 1 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm, nasally and temporally. Dryness symptoms were assessed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and tear film stability with non-invasive tear breakup time with the Oculus Keratograph 5M. RESULTS: A significant difference in the tear meniscus height was measured with infrared (0.29 ± 0.08 mm) compared to white light (0.27 ± 0.08 mm; p < 0.001). Tear meniscus height increased significantly with repeated measurement (first: 0.27 ± 0.08 mm; second 0.27 ± 0.08; 0.28 ± 0.09; p = 0.005). In each case, following a significant decrease immediately after a blink, the tear meniscus height was stable between 1.0 and 2.5 s and increased thereafter (p < 0.001). A consistent tear meniscus height measurement was achieved by measuring within 1 mm of the pupil midline, but increased more peripherally (p < 0.001). Differences in height, while statistically significant, were not clinically significant except in the peripheral measurements. CONCLUSION: Tear meniscus height should be measured in a consistent manner, either with infrared or white light. A single measurement from the top of the meniscus to the eyelid margin within 1 mm of the pupil midline, from an image captured 1.0 to 2.5 s after two blinks, is sufficient.
Efficacy of 265 nm ultraviolet C light in the treatment of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in vitro and in an in vivo murine model.
Gowtham L, Sheba E, Sharma S … +2 more , Mishra DK, Bagga B
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jul · PMID 40221350 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of 265 nanometer (nm) ultraviolet C (UVC) light using 1.93 mW/cm against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis. MET...
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of 265 nanometer (nm) ultraviolet C (UVC) light using 1.93 mW/cm against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis. METHODS: The effect of UVC light was studied on two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Isolate 1 was ciprofloxacin-susceptible, and isolate 2 was MDR (but ceftazidime-susceptible). For the in vitro evaluation, P. aeruginosa isolates (100 μl, 1*10 CFU/ml) were spread on Muller-Hinton solid agar surface and exposed to UVC light for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30 seconds (s). For the in vivo study, the right eyes of C57BL mice were infected with the P. aeruginosa isolates (5 μL, 1*10 CFU/ml) in two sets with isolates 1 and 2, respectively. The first set (n = 24) was randomized into four groups: a) untreated, b) UVC light 15 s exposure twice daily for two days, c) topical ciprofloxacin 0.3 %w/v twice daily for two days, d) topical ciprofloxacin 0.3 %w/v two-hourly for two days. The second set with MDR P. aeruginosa (n = 24) was treated similarly except for group d (which received topical ceftazidime 5 %w/v two hourly for two days). The left eyes were used to evaluate the safety of applied treatments without inducing infection. At 48 hours (hrs), eyes were enucleated and subjected to microbiological and histopathology analysis. RESULTS: In vitro, the UVC light exposure resulted in a clear inhibition area for exposures of 15 and 30 s. In the in vivo murine model, UVC light prevented overall clinical severity (p < 0.05) at 24 and 48 hrs by both isolates. Microbiological assessment at 48 hrs showed no growth of organisms in UVC light-treated corneas of either of the sets, similar to an observed treatment with ciprofloxacin (set 1) and ceftazidime (set 2). CONCLUSION: 265 nm UVC light showed an exposure-dependent in vitro bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa. The in vivo studies showed that UVC light eliminated both strains of P. aeruginosa with an equivalent efficacy.
The impact of toric contact lens correction upon functional near visual performance with digital devices.
Read SA, Vincent SJ, Colorado LH … +2 more , Wood JM, Collins MJ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Oct · PMID 40210522 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Although it is well known that astigmatism correction with toric contact lenses improves clinical vision measures, their effects on real-world visual performance using digital devices such as smartphones are les...
PURPOSE: Although it is well known that astigmatism correction with toric contact lenses improves clinical vision measures, their effects on real-world visual performance using digital devices such as smartphones are less well understood. This study aimed to examine how toric soft contact lenses impact functional near visual performance with a smartphone, in comparison to spherical equivalent contact lenses. METHODS: Fifteen healthy young adults (mean age 23.6 ± 2.8 years) with low to moderate astigmatism (-0.50 D to -1.50 D) participated in this prospective, repeated measures randomised crossover trial. Either toric or best sphere soft daily disposable contact lenses (lens material Verofilcon A) were worn during two separate study visits. At each visit, near visual acuity (VA) was assessed, and participants performed a reading task on a smartphone with both high and low contrast text displays. A mobile eye tracker was worn during the reading task to track objective measures of visual fatigue such as palpebral aperture height and near focusing demand. RESULTS: Both high and low contrast near VA were significantly better with the toric correction compared to the best sphere (p = 0.001). While reading on a smartphone, the average reading speed was not significantly different between the sphere and toric lenses (p = 0.18). Significantly fewer errors were made while reading with the toric lens compared to the best sphere lens for the low contrast (p = 0.04), but not for high contrast text (p = 0.4). For measures of palpebral aperture height, and focusing demand, a significant lens by time interaction was found (both p < 0.05), with a significantly greater focusing demand and a narrower palpebral aperture observed towards the end of the reading task with the best sphere lens. CONCLUSION: Significant visual and functional benefits were found for digital near visual tasks associated with toric contact lens correction.
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