Int J Ophthalmol [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Diquafosol ophthalmic solution on ocular surface parameters in visual display terminal-associated dry eye disease.
Yang TT, Duan HY, Zhou YF … +7 more , Ma BK, Zhao L, Lan QQ, Chen JW, Wang XY, Yoon KC, Qi H
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41924364 · Full text
AIM: To evaluate 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution on ocular surface parameters and the alterations of lipid and muco-aqueous layer in tear film of patients with visual display terminal (VDT)-associated dry eye disease (...
AIM: To evaluate 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution on ocular surface parameters and the alterations of lipid and muco-aqueous layer in tear film of patients with visual display terminal (VDT)-associated dry eye disease (DED). METHODS: This study included patients with VDT-associated DED. It was a prospective single-arm interventional clinical trial. Patients were provided with 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution for 3mo and were followed up in 1, 2 and 3mo after treatment. Tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining score, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score were ocular surface characteristics. Lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and mucin mRNA expression levels (MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC16, and MUC20) were used to measure changes in the tear film. The LipiView interferometer was used to measure the partial blink rate (PBR). RESULTS: Sixty-eight eyes of 68 participants (54 females; mean age 25.12±4.10y; mean spherical equivalent -4.35±2.69 D) were enrolled. Compared with the pre-treatment, OSDI scores and TBUT improved significantly at all follow-up time points (all <0.01), and TMH increased significantly at 1 and 3mo (<0.01, <0.001, respectively). Conjunctival lissamine green staining improved only at 2mo (<0.05), while corneal fluorescein staining showed no significant changes. Overall LLT remained unchanged, but the PBR<1 subgroup exhibited significant LLT elevation at 3mo (<0.05), unlike the PBR=1 subgroup. Conjunctival mRNA expression of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC16, and MUC20 was significantly upregulated at 1 and 3mo (all <0.01), and MUC4 expression increased significantly only at 1mo (<0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with VDT-associated DED, 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution dramatically reduced symptoms and enhanced tear film stability by promoting ocular surface muco-aqueous secretion. Patients with better blinking habits (PBR<1) demonstrate greater LLT improvement than those with poorer habits.
Severe nausea and vomiting after teprotumumab initiation with corticosteroid pretreatment: a case report.
Youn J, Firn K, Hawy E … +1 more , Van Putten D
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41924363 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Ferroptosis and microglial polarization in retinal vein occlusion: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Xu J, Sun M, Wang C … +4 more , Ju P, Guan XD, Xie LK, Hao XF
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41924362 · Full text
With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has risen markedly. Its pathogenic mechanisms are closely linked to iron dyshomeostasis and microglial polarization and age-related deg...
With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has risen markedly. Its pathogenic mechanisms are closely linked to iron dyshomeostasis and microglial polarization and age-related degenerative changes in retinal microvessels. We systematically summarize the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis-an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven form of cell death, and elucidate the central pathway by which iron overload exacerbates retinal injury through the synergy of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). Specifically, iron metabolic imbalance catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) the Fenton reaction, which drives the polarization of microglia toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype and activates the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4)-mediated lipid peroxidation cascade. This review proposes novel insights for combinatorial therapeutic strategies targeting key ferroptotic pathways (, the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis) and modulating microglial polarization, while also addressing the translational challenges associated with iron chelators (deferoxamine), lipid peroxidation inhibitors (liproxstatin-1), and targeted delivery systems for RVO.
Isolated unilateral abducens nerve palsy as a neurologic complication of severe preeclampsia: a case report.
Rajab AE, Melebary R, Badeeb N
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41924361 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Ultraviolet association with vernal keratoconjunctivitis with perilimbal pigmentation.
Huang YM, BianBa DJ, Duan WF … +2 more , Wang YX, Wu N
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41924360 · Full text
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic bilateral ocular allergic disease affecting mainly children and adolescents. Perilimbal pigmentation (PLP) has been noted as a new sign of VKC in pigmented race of Asian and...
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic bilateral ocular allergic disease affecting mainly children and adolescents. Perilimbal pigmentation (PLP) has been noted as a new sign of VKC in pigmented race of Asian and African origin. To analyze the etiology, clinical significance, and pathophysiology of PLP, and to explore the possible association between ultraviolet (UV) exposure and the presence of PLP in VKC. A PubMed search of articles between January 1983 and January 2024 on VKC with PLP was performed. PLP takes the appearance of spotty pigmentation in the interpalpebral conjunctiva. Activation and proliferation of the melanocytes in the limbus in the status of inflammation had been proposed as possible pathogenesis of PLP. However, the clinical significance of PLP in the process of VKC were still controversial. VKC with PLP were mostly seen in pigmented races in equatorial region with hot, dry climates and strong UV. The regionality of VKC patients with PLP and the interpalpebral distribution of pigmentation suggest possible association of PLP with UV. Elucidating this issue will help to prevent and treat this regional and racial specific VKC.
Hypercortisolism and ocular microcirculation: exploring retinal and choroidal remodeling in Cushing's disease.
Yilmaz YC, Hayat SC, Kelebek M … +1 more , Hatipoglu E
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41924359 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the potential of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for detecting subclinical microvascular damage, possibly before ocular complications develop, in treatment-naive Cushing's disease (CD)...
AIM: To investigate the potential of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for detecting subclinical microvascular damage, possibly before ocular complications develop, in treatment-naive Cushing's disease (CD) patients. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive CD patients and 48 healthy controls. Ophthalmological examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA were conducted. Retinal and choroidal vessel density (VD) parameters were assessed in the macular and peripapillary regions. Correlations between VD and systemic hormone levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Age (47.3±13.3y 43.4±15.8y; =0.053) and gender distribution (CD: 35 females, 13 males; controls: 34 females, 14 males; =1.000) did not significantly differ. Patient group exhibited significant reductions in radial peripapillary capillary (RPC; <0.05) and choriocapillaris (CC) VD across all quadrants (<0.05) compared to controls. Nasal deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD was also significantly decreased (=0.035). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT; =0.459) did not differ significantly, but nasal choroidal thickness (CT) at 1500 µm (<0.040) and 3000 µm (<0.031) was markedly increased. Notably, hormonal correlations revealed associations between ACTH and temporal CC VD (=0.367, =0.009), plasma cortisol and superior RPC VD (=0.303, =0.034), and urinary free cortisol with superior, and nasal RPC (=-0.404, =0.004, =-0.317, =0.027) and nasal DCP VD (=-0.287, =0.045). CONCLUSION: High endogenous cortisol levels in CD patients primarily affect the peripapillary region and the nasal part of the macula. VD changes occur before pachyvessel formation, choroidal thickening, and the development of pachychoroid spectrum disorder.
Intraocular lens tilt and decentration in congenital ectopia lentis: baseline characteristics and first-year report.
Ye HW, Liu XX, Liu ZZ … +4 more , Ma YY, Zhang XY, Zheng DY, Jin GM
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767334 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the characteristics and associated factors of intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration after transscleral suture-fixated IOL surgery in congenital ectopia lentis (CEL). METHODS: CEL patients under...
AIM: To investigate the characteristics and associated factors of intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration after transscleral suture-fixated IOL surgery in congenital ectopia lentis (CEL). METHODS: CEL patients undergoing transscleral suture-fixated IOL surgery were divided into two groups based on implanted IOL type (three-piece IOL or one-piece IOL). The IOL tilt and decentration at 3-month and 1-year postoperative were measured. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors of IOL tilt and decentration as well as longitudinal changes. RESULTS: The 61 CEL patients (mean age 9.07±5.05y) in three-piece IOL (M/F: 14/7) group had a greater tilt than those with one-piece IOL (M/F: 28/12) group both at 3-month postoperative (horizontal: =0.024; vertical: =0.048) and 1-year postoperative (horizontal: =0.011; vertical: =0.001). Three-piece IOL group had a greater longitudinal change between 3-month postoperative to 1-year postoperative in IOL tilt (horizontal: =0.028; vertical: =0.026) and a greater longitudinal change in horizontal IOL decentration than one-piece IOL group (<0.05). The longer axial length (AL) was associated with the longitudinal changes in IOL tilt (=0.039), while the three-piece IOL was associated with the longitudinal changes in horizontal IOL decentration 1-year postoperatively (=0.011). CONCLUSION: IOL tilt is greater in the three-piece IOL group than that in the one-piece IOL group 1-year postoperatively. The three-piece IOL is associated with greater longitudinal changes of IOL decentration, while longer AL is associated with longitudinal changes of IOL tilt. For CEL patients, more stable IOL type should be selected and patients with longer AL warrant closer monitoring.
Depression induces ocular surface inflammation and dry eye-like changes in mice.
Lin X, Liu YW, Li JN … +7 more , Ouyang WJ, Tang LY, Wu JL, Liu ZL, Wu SN, Hu JY, Liu ZG
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767333 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the impact of depression-like behavior on ocular surface homeostasis in a mouse model, with a focus on dry eye-like alterations. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice (10-12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to...
AIM: To investigate the impact of depression-like behavior on ocular surface homeostasis in a mouse model, with a focus on dry eye-like alterations. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice (10-12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to control or restraint stress (RS) groups. The RS group underwent three intermittent 24-hour restraint sessions to induce depressive-like behavior. Behavioral testing, tear secretion measurement, and corneal Oregon Green Dextran (OGD) staining were performed. Postmortem analyses included histological evaluation of lacrimal glands, goblet cell quantification using periodic acid-Schiff staining, and assessment of key inflammatory and apoptotic markers: interleukin (IL)-17, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, MMP-9, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, and cleaved caspase-3 and -8. RESULTS: Repeated RS induced depression-like behavior and significant ocular surface changes. RS-treated mice showed increased corneal OGD uptake and upregulation of gene/protein expression of IL-17, MMP-3, and MMP-9 (<0.05). Goblet cell density and IL-13 protein expression were reduced, while IFN-γ protein expression was elevated (<0.05). Cleaved caspase-3 and -8 levels were significantly increased in both cornea and conjunctiva. Tear volume and lacrimal gland size were unchanged; however, mild inflammatory infiltration was observed in lacrimal glands. CONCLUSION: Repeated RS leads to ocular surface inflammation and dry eye-like pathology, including corneal barrier disruption, goblet cell loss, and epithelial apoptosis. These findings suggest that depression contributes to the pathogenesis of dry eye disease immune-mediated mechanisms.
Causal effect of obesity on cataract and mediating roles of metabolites: a Mendelian randomization study.
Li C, Wang JM, Yang WH
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767332 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk and explores the potential mediating roles of metabolites using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: Summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide ass...
AIM: To investigate the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk and explores the potential mediating roles of metabolites using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: Summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to examine the relationship between obesity and cataract were utilized. Obesity-related traits, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC). A two-sample MR approach was employed to assess the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk, while potential mediators were identified from suitable genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets. Additionally, a metabolic pathway analysis was conducted. RESULTS: An increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in BMI, WHR, and WC was associated with a significantly higher risk of cataract (BMI: odds ratio (OR) 1.0017, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0001-1.0032, =0.0320; WHR: OR 1.0029, 95%CI: 1.0006-1.0051, =0.0129; WC: OR 1.0020, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.0038, =0.0390]. These associations remained robust after adjusting for confounding factors in multivariable MR analysis. Furthermore, a two-step MR analysis identified eight potential metabolic mediators, with one mediator showing a significant causal role in the relationship between obesity and cataract. CONCLUSION: This work highlights the importance of addressing obesity as a modifiable risk factor for cataracts, particularly through metabolic pathways.
Protective effects of zingerone on the retina in diabetic rats.
Utlu B, Kozan BD, Yildirim S
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767331 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the effects of zingerone (ZO) on the retina in diabetic rats. METHODS: A total of 70 rats were randomly selected and divided into seven groups [diabetic group (Dm+; =10), diabetic+metformin group (Dm+...
AIM: To investigate the effects of zingerone (ZO) on the retina in diabetic rats. METHODS: A total of 70 rats were randomly selected and divided into seven groups [diabetic group (Dm+; =10), diabetic+metformin group (Dm+Met; =10), diabetic+ZO25 group (Dm+ZO25; =10), diabetic+ZO50 group (Dm+ZO50; =10), diabetic+metformin group+ZO 50 Group (Dm+Met+ZO50; =10)]. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and metformin and two different doses of ZO were administered gavage. Retinal tissues were evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: In diabetic rats, severe retinal inflammation, tissue necrosis, and increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression were observed. ZO administration reduced these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Protective effects of metformin alone were limited, and no synergistic benefit was observed in ZO+Met groups. Administration of 50 mg/kg ZO to non-diabetic rats caused no retinal toxicity. Additionally, elevated 8-OHdG and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expressions in diabetic retinopathy models were significantly reduced by ZO treatment. CONCLUSION: ZO can markedly reduce the pathological effects of the retina in a diabetic rat model.
Comparison of three different instruments for vault measurements after implantable collamer lens implantation.
Li BL, Cheng MR, Chang WT … +6 more , Lei YD, Xu GH, Li MW, Mao ZW, Chen X, Wang XY
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767330 · Full text
AIM: To evaluate the differences and consistency of vault measurements obtained by Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT, CASIA II), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) f...
AIM: To evaluate the differences and consistency of vault measurements obtained by Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT, CASIA II), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) following implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c implantation. METHODS: Vault measurements were acquired using three modalities: Pentacam, CASIA II AS-OCT, and UBM. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the vault values obtained by the three devices. The correlation and consistency of measurements among the three instruments were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: This retrospective study enrolled 210 myopic eyes of 210 patients (158 women and 52 men) who underwent ICL implantation: 108 eyes had a myopic ICL V4c implanted, and 102 eyes had a toric ICL V4c implanted. The mean vault values measured by Pentacam, CASIA II, and UBM were 452.64±204.20 µm, 538.57±203.54 µm, and 560.95±227.54 µm, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between vault values measured by different instruments (all <0.001). ICC results indicated good consistency among the three measurement modalities (all <0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that when the vault value was ≤250 µm, the correlation and consistency of measurements across the three instruments were lower than those in the medium and high vault subgroups. CONCLUSION: Vault values measured by Pentacam are lower than those obtained by CASIA II and UBM, with UBM yielding the highest mean vault values. Measurements from the three instruments are not interchangeable but can serve as mutual references due to their significant correlation and good overall consistency. Pentacam and CASIA II demonstrate the highest consistency in vault measurement. Notably, when the vault value is ≤250 µm, the consistency between Pentacam and the other two instruments decreases significantly.
Prevalence of heterophoria, tropia, and near point of convergence abnormality in a high school student population in Erbil city center.
Ahmad MA
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767329 · Full text
AIM: To determine the prevalence of tropia, phoria, and abnormality of near point of convergence (NPC), along with associated ocular symptoms, in high school students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in...
AIM: To determine the prevalence of tropia, phoria, and abnormality of near point of convergence (NPC), along with associated ocular symptoms, in high school students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil, Iraq. The target population consisted of high school students selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Comprehensive visual examinations were performed for all students, including measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and distance and near cover tests. NPC was evaluated using a single 6/12 visual target mounted on a centrally positioned Gulden fixation stick. Ocular symptoms were investigated through interviews. RESULTS: Of the 996 selected students, 921 participated in the study. Of them, 543 (58.96%) were female, and their ages ranged from 13 to 22y. The prevalence of tropia was 3.58% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.38%-4.78%], observed in 3.44% of males and 3.68% of females. Exotropia (1.95%, 95%CI: 1.06%-2.85%) was more common than esotropia (1.52%, 95%CI: 0.73%-2.31%). The 15.42% (95%CI: 13.09%-17.75%) of students had phoria. Exophoria (13.79%, 95%CI: 11.56%-16.02%) was significantly more prevalent than esophoria (1.63%, 95%CI: 0.81%-2.45%). The prevalence of NPC abnormality in the total study population was 24.97% (95%CI: 22.18%-27.77%). It was 26.72% (95%CI: 22.26%-31.18%) in males and 23.76% (95%CI: 20.18%-27.34%) in females (=0.307). The most common symptom in phoria was headache (86.62%, 95%CI: 81.02%-92.22%), followed by tired or sore eyes (61.97%, 95%CI: 53.99%-69.96%). The most common symptoms in tropia were blurry vision (93.94%, 95%CI: 79.77%-99.26%) and difficulty concentrating (87.88%, 95%CI: 76.74%-99.01%). CONCLUSION: Among Erbil's high school students, the prevalence of strabismus, particularly the exodeviation type, is relatively high, and a significant percentage of students have NPC abnormalities. Addressing and correcting these binocular vision problems, due to their associated visual symptoms, can lead to an improvement in students' quality of life and academic performance.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone in retinal disorders and uveitis: an updated review.
Yi SL, Huang YQ
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767328 · Full text
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic releasing hormone that plays a crucial physiological role in regulating the synthesis and release of anterior pituitary hormones. In recent years, studies have fo...
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic releasing hormone that plays a crucial physiological role in regulating the synthesis and release of anterior pituitary hormones. In recent years, studies have found that GHRH possesses functions like anti-inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, and facilitating cell migration. It participates in regulating the development of uveitis and diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, it also has an impact on the development of retinal ganglion cells by modulating the inflammatory response and mediating the immune response. Given the important roles of GHRH in ophthalmic diseases, elucidating the molecular regulation of the GHRH-GHRH receptor (GHRHR) signal and the innovative development of intervention pathways that directly or indirectly target GHRH serve as strong evidence of how basic research guides innovation and translation. In this review, research reports on GHRH in ophthalmic diseases including retinal diseases and uveitis were summarized and analyzed.
A novel variant presenting as Leber congenital amaurosis-8 with angle-closure glaucoma in a Chinese family.
Chen G, Wang ZR, Zhao C … +2 more , Chen HH, Shi JM
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767327 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Positive/negative binocular fusional C-optotypes and 2D planar C-optotypes on transient accommodation and stability in adult eyes: implications for myopia prevention and control.
Fan QX, Lin J, Xu L … +1 more , He W
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767326 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes (positive/negative) and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation (TAC) in adults, and to provide a basis for non-co...
AIM: To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes (positive/negative) and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation (TAC) in adults, and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention. METHODS: This was a self-controlled study. Using red-blue 3D technology, four experimental stages were set up: Test A [fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes, 8△ base-in (BI)], Test B (fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes), Test C (fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes), and Test D [fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes, 20△ base-out (BO)]. A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations [evaluated interquartile range (IQR) and median-based coefficient of variation (CV)]. Additionally, the convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) ratio was calculated, and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants' subjective visual comfort. RESULTS: A total of 21 subjects (7 males, 14 females; aged 23-41y) with normal binocular visual function were enrolled. The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages, and these values were Test A (-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B (-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C (-0.77±0.32 D) <Test D (-1.38±0.31 D). There were significant overall differences (=56.136, <0.001). Compared with Test C, Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D (<0.05), while Test D increased it by 0.61 D (<0.001). There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude (all >0.05), but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s (=0.017). The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D (0.05±0.02 D/△) than in Test A (0.03±0.02 D/△, =0.007), indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation. The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low (median 0-1), with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C (<0.05). No linear correlation was found between TAC and age (all <0.1, >0.05). CONCLUSION: Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC, while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC. The red-blue 3D-based non-contact training mode exhibits good safety (median visual fatigue scores: 0-1 across all tests) and provides a novel dual-directional (relaxation-activation) strategy for myopia prevention and control.
Evaluation of retina and choroid OCT in anti-DFS70/LEDGF positive healthy individuals.
Baytaroğlu A, Doğruya S, Uçar Baytaroğlu IM
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767325 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the association between anti-DFS70 antibody positivity and ocular parameters, specifically, the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and other optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics, in a healthy pop...
AIM: To investigate the association between anti-DFS70 antibody positivity and ocular parameters, specifically, the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and other optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics, in a healthy population. METHODS: This age- and sex-matched case-control study enrolled 84 healthy individuals with positive anti-DFS70 antibody findings and 84 healthy negative controls. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmological examinations, including biometry and OCT imaging. Anti-DFS70 positivity was determined by indirect immunofluorescence and scored semi-quantitatively (1+ to 3+). CVI was calculated from OCT images using a standardized protocol with Image J software. Statistical analyses, including Student's -test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression, were used to compare groups and identify predictive factors. RESULTS: The individuals who tested positive and negative for anti-DFS70 included in the study were matched for age (median age=47y) and sex (F:M=7:1). CVI was significantly lower in the anti-DFS70-positive group compared to the negative group. A higher anti-DFS70 antibody titer was significantly associated with decreased subfoveal and nasal choroidal thickness (=0.016 and =0.014, respectively). In univariate regression analysis, CVI was the only significant predictor of anti-DFS70 positivity [odds ratio (OR)=0.02, =0.025]. Multivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between macular thinning outside the subfoveal area and anti-DFS70 status (<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a novel association between anti-DFS70 antibody positivity and reduced choroidal vascularity in healthy individuals. These findings suggest that anti-DFS70 antibodies may be associated with subtle choroidal vascular changes detectable by OCT, even in asymptomatic individuals. Further longitudinal research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and long-term clinical significance of these ocular changes.
Causal relationships between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia: a Mendelian randomization study.
Wu XF, Yu L, Zhang Y … +3 more , Li S, Li R, Sun LY
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767324 · Full text
AIM: To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS: Publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS...
AIM: To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS: Publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis. Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol's Research Data Repository, and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables (IVs) based on three rigorous criteria: relevance, independence, and exclusion of pleiotropy. Five MR methods were employed for causal inference: the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimator, simple mode, and weighted mode approaches. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates. RESULTS: A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified. MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α (MIP-1α) were associated with a 17% reduced risk of myopia [odds ratio (OR)=0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.99; <0.05]. In contrast, elevated levels of eotaxin (OR=1.26; 95%CI: 1.07-1.47; <0.01), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α; OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.08-2.62; <0.05), and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL-2Rα; OR=1.25; 95%CI: 1.01-1.53; <0.05) were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia. MIP-1α may act as a protective factor against myopia, while eotaxin, SDF-1α, and IL-2Rα are potential risk factors for myopia. These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia, offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.
Bibliometric analysis of papers on inflammation in glaucoma from 2000 to 2025.
Chen WL, Wu X, Zhang LX
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767323 · Full text
AIM: To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications focusing on inflammatory mechanisms in glaucoma, thereby comprehensively understanding the current research status and identifying potential frontier directions for...
AIM: To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications focusing on inflammatory mechanisms in glaucoma, thereby comprehensively understanding the current research status and identifying potential frontier directions for future studies. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database to retrieve relevant literature published from January 1, 2000, to August 31, 2025 (data accessed on September 12, 2025). Multiple data visualization tools were employed to conduct in-depth analyses of the included publications, covering aspects such as publication quantity and quality, evolutionary trends of research hotspots, keyword co-occurrence networks, and collaborative patterns among countries/regions, institutions, and authors. RESULTS: A total of 3381 articles related to glaucoma inflammation were extracted from WoSCC. The analysis showed that the USA had the highest research output in this field (29.04%, =982), followed by China (18.40%, =622) and UK (6.01%, =203). Based on citation frequency and burst intensity, the USA also ranked as the most influential country. Baudouin C and Sun X were identified as the most productive authors, while and were the journals with the highest number of published relevant articles. Additionally, keyword analysis revealed that "neuroinflammation", "retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)", "pathophysiology", and "traditional Chinese medicine" are emerging research hotspots in the field of immune-inflammatory responses in glaucoma. CONCLUSION: This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric overview of research on glaucoma-related inflammation, indicating that this field has received extensive scientific attention with a steady upward trend in research activity. Furthermore, it establishes a theoretical basis for the development of neuroinflammation-targeted therapeutic strategies for glaucoma and emphasizes the necessity of strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to promote the clinical translation of research findings.
Vaccinia-related kinase 1/snail family transcriptional repressor 1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Ying Y, Liao X
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767322 · Full text
AIM: To investigate whether vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) mediates transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2)-caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory responses in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE...
AIM: To investigate whether vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) mediates transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2)-caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory responses in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells through regulating snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1), and to validate its role in a proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) mouse model. METHODS: Human RPE cell line ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGF-β2 to construct an EMT model. Western blot detected VRK1 level. The effects of VRK1 on SNAI1 expression and biological behavior of ARPE-19 cells were detected by immunofluorescence, ELISA, Transwell, and scratch assay, and the interaction between VRK1 and SNAI1 was confirmed through immunoprecipitation. A PVR mouse model was constructed, and the effects of VRK1 or/and SNAI1 on retinal damage were assessed by pathologic staining. Inflammatory factors and EMT-related proteins were assessed with ELISA and Western blot. RESULTS: VRK1 was upregulated in ARPE-19 cells after TGF-β2 treatment. Overexpression of VRK1 increased cell viability, promoted cell migration and EMT, and the levels of inflammatory factors. Silencing of VRK1 reversed the above indexes. There was a direct interaction between VRK1 and SNAI1, and overexpresssion SNAI1 weakened the impacts of silencing of VRK1. In PVR mice, silencing of VRK1 ameliorated retinal structural damage, decreased proinflammatory factor levels, and suppressed SNAI1 and mesenchymal marker expression. SNAI1 overexpression antagonized the protective effects of silencing VRK1 and exacerbated EMT and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION: VRK1 plays a key role in retinal structural and inflammatory damage in PVR mice by regulating SNAI1 and mediating TGF-β2-caused EMT and inflammatory responses in RPE cells.
Goniosynechialysis under a microscope alone and under direct gonioscopy for chronic angle-closure glaucoma patients coexisted with cataract.
Du J, Li YY, Chen DF … +8 more , Li JQ, Huang QJ, Zhu SQ, Ye WQ, Zhu S, Xu SX, Li GX, Liang YB
Int J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 41767321 · Full text
AIM: To compare the efficacy of goniosynechialysis (GSL) under a microscope alone (GM) and under direct gonioscopy (GG) for chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) coexisted with cataract. METHODS: A prospective, single-ce...
AIM: To compare the efficacy of goniosynechialysis (GSL) under a microscope alone (GM) and under direct gonioscopy (GG) for chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) coexisted with cataract. METHODS: A prospective, single-center, and randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients diagnosed as CACG and cataract were randomly allocated into either GM group or GG group. In GM group, the range of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) was confirmed through gonio-lens after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PEI). PAS was separated only under a microscope. After separating the closed angle of 360° by this method, we used a surgical gonioscope to confirm the PAS range. If any remaining PAS was present, we would separate them with an iris repositor under the direct gonio-lens until angle of 360° was reopened. In GG group, PAS was separated under direct gonioscopy after PEI until angle of 360° was reopened. The range of residual PAS after GSLs was the primary outcome. Intraoperative complications (hyphema), intraocular pressure (IOP) and anti-glaucoma medication usage after operation were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Sixty eyes were included, each group comprising 30 eyes. The average age [GM group: 66.3±6.8y (12 males), GG group: 67.6±8.9y (7 males), =0.550], the baseline IOP (GM group: 29.6±11.5 mm Hg, GG group: 32.4±12.2 mm Hg, =0.366) and the average initial PAS extent (GM group: 8.9±2.6h, GG group: 9.4±2.5h, =0.425) were similar in the two groups. In GM group, the PAS range reduced from 8.9±2.6h before operation to 7.2±2.9h after PEI and 3.3±2.2h after GSL. In GG group, the PAS range reduced from 9.4±2.5h before operation to 7.5±2.9h after PEI and 0.1±0.3h after GSL. The PAS after PEI was significantly reduced compared to the pre-operative PAS in both groups (all <0.001). The extent of residual PAS after GSL in GM group was larger than that in GG group with significant statistical difference (<0.001). Patients who underwent GSL without a gonioscope were more likely to develop hyphema than those who underwent GSL under direct gonioscopy. The difference of hyphema grade between the two groups was statistically significant (=0.019). CONCLUSION: PEI alone can not open 360° of angle completely. PEI+GSL significantly reduced PAS range. But for patients with CACG, GSL under a microscope alone is more difficult to separate stable PAS completely and adequately than GSL under direct gonioscopy.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe