Curr Drug Deliv [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Advancements in 3D Printing and Nanomaterials for Personalized Drug Delivery.
Gokulan MA, Narayanan J
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41588942 · Publisher ↗
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has transformed drug delivery by enabling the development of complex, patient-specific dosage forms and implantable systems tailored to individual therapeutic needs. Thi...
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has transformed drug delivery by enabling the development of complex, patient-specific dosage forms and implantable systems tailored to individual therapeutic needs. This review explores the convergence of 3D printing technologies with nanomaterials in the fabrication of advanced drug delivery systems and biomedical implants. Key 3D printing techniques, including Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Direct Energy Deposition (DED), and electrospinning, are discussed alongside their material compatibilities, such as polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites. Nanomaterials-like dendrimers, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and exosomes-are critically examined for their roles in enhancing drug stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. The paper highlights innovative drug delivery strategies, including polypills, gastro-floating tablets, and compartmentalized dosage systems, enabled by precise 3D printing. Additionally, recent advancements in 3D-printed drugeluting implants for localized therapy in cancer and infectious diseases are presented. These systems demonstrate prolonged release profiles, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties resembling those of human tissue. Despite scaling and regulatory challenges, the future of this technology lies in the integration of smart materials, surface-modified nanoparticles, and AI-assisted design, paving the way for decentralized, personalized, and sustainable medical solutions.
Utilizing Extracellular Vesicles for Delivering Therapies in Neurodegenerative Disorders.
Sutar AD, Kamble AS, Chitranshi N … +1 more , Shukla R
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41588592 · Publisher ↗
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by slow progression and late detection, seriously compromising the efficiency of treatments. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly impairs conventi...
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by slow progression and late detection, seriously compromising the efficiency of treatments. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly impairs conventional therapies. More recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising drug delivery systems for brain-targeted therapies due to their ability to cross the BBB and their combination of low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and delivery efficiency. EVs play a vital role in intercellular communication, transporting nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins between cells, which are crucial for modulating cellular functions, immune responses, and neuroprotection. They have also demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential by mitigating neuroinflammation, reducing neuronal damage, and alleviating cognitive deficits in preclinical models of NDs. This review discusses various applications of EVs in the treatment of NDs, challenges they present as a delivery vehicle, and future research directions and regulatory considerations in advancing EV-based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Dual Function of Anti-Inflammatory and Lubrication for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment.
Zhou H, Zeng Y, Xiao JL … +1 more , Wang X
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41572762 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease leading to cartilage degeneration and destruction. Friction between articular cartilage surfaces exacerbates these effects. Currently,...
INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease leading to cartilage degeneration and destruction. Friction between articular cartilage surfaces exacerbates these effects. Currently, clinical therapy is dominated by single anti-inflammatory or lubrication treatments. Preparations with both anti-inflammatory and lubrication effects are of great significance for RA treatment. In this study, a mesoporous silica nanosystem (MSN@DCF-HA) with dual functions of anti-inflammation and joint lubrication was developed for RA therapy. METHODS: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were prepared by the template method. MSN@DCF-HA was synthesized by encapsulating diclofenac (DCF) into MSN and then coating it with hyaluronic acid (HA). Drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and biosafety of MSN@DCF-HA were evaluated. An RA rat inflammation model was used to assess therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS: TEM revealed that MSN@DCF-HA was spherical and size-uniform. Experiments demonstrated favorable biocompatibility and stability. The system facilitated sustained DCF release in acidic PBS. In vivo results showed significant reduction in paw swelling, inflammatory factors, and bone damage in the MSN@DCF-HA group. Cell toxicity experiments, hemolysis experiments, and in vivo experiments indicated that it has no significant toxicity. DISCUSSION: MSN@DCF-HA, by loading DCF to exert anti-inflammatory effects and HA to provide external lubrication, joint protection, and synergistic treatment of RA, has demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects, providing a new strategy for RA treatment. CONCLUSION: MSN@DCF-HA was successfully prepared, exhibited slow drug release in acidic environments, and its anti-inflammation and joint lubrication exerted synergistic effects on RA rats without obvious toxicity. This work proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Study on the Preparation of Frankincense Volatile Oil Submicro Emulsion and Its Effect on Ulcerative Colitis.
Liu M, Wang Y, Wang M … +20 more , Zhang L, Niu Z, Wang X, Wang J, Xia N, Wang J, Ge X, Chen C, Chen Q, Zhang S, Xie Y, Shi H, Zhao C, Zou J, Guo D, Shi Y, Yang M, She Z, Zhang X, Sun J
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41540523 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Frankincense Essential Oil (FREO) has demonstrated curative potential in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients. However, the inherent instability of FREO results in its relatively low bioavailability. Therefore,...
INTRODUCTION: Frankincense Essential Oil (FREO) has demonstrated curative potential in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients. However, the inherent instability of FREO results in its relatively low bioavailability. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a novel oral O/W type FREO Submicron Emulsion Formulation (FREO-SE). This was achieved by encapsulating FREO within submicron emulsion droplets, with the further objective of elucidating the anti-UC efficacy of FREOSE. METHODS: A single-factor experimental approach was employed to screen the formulation, dosage, and preparation process of FREO-SE. Subsequently, the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the submicron emulsion preparation procedure. The quality of the prepared emulsion was evaluated. Finally, a comparative analysis of the anti-ulcerative colitis efficacies of FREO and FREOSE was conducted using a UC mouse model. The mechanism of action of FREO-SE was further examined through immunohistochemistry, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the stability of FREO and elucidating its therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis. RESULTS: The optimal formulation and manufacturing process for FREO-SE were established, and the particle size, PDI, and Zeta potential were characterized, with values of 105.09 ± 1.27 nm, 0.30 ± 0.02, and -37.43 ± 0.97 mV, respectively, confirming the successful preparation of FREO-SE. In DSS-induced UC mice, FREO-SE significantly reduced the DAI score compared with the DSS group. The weight loss of the FREO-SE-H group mice was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), and the shortening of colon length was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), thereby alleviating colonic tissue lesions. The expression of p-ERK and p-P65 in colon tissue was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). In conclusion, FREO-SE inhibited the levels of p-ERK and p-P65 in MAPK and NF-κB signaling, and demonstrated a definite therapeutic effect in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. DISCUSSION: This study confirmed that the FREO-SE formulation notably potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of FREO against UC, with its mechanism underlying modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: The preparation process of FREO-SE is characterized by stability, simplicity, and controllability, endowing it with excellent stability. FREO-SE exhibits a protective effect against DSSinduced UC in mice and demonstrates significant efficacy in the ulcerative colitis mouse model.
Preparation of Dual-Drug-Loaded Liver-Targeted Liposomes Co-Modified with SP94 Peptide and TAT Peptide.
Jing L, Luo S, Gan Y … +5 more , Li L, Wu H, Zhang J, Liu X, Yuan M
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41540522 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The toxicity of nontargeted chemotherapy hinders liver cancer treatment. This study developed dual-peptide (SP94/TAT) co-modified liposomes (SP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs) for enhanced targeting and efficacy. METHOD...
INTRODUCTION: The toxicity of nontargeted chemotherapy hinders liver cancer treatment. This study developed dual-peptide (SP94/TAT) co-modified liposomes (SP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs) for enhanced targeting and efficacy. METHODS: Liposomes encapsulating docetaxel (DTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared via film dispersion/ammonium sulfate gradient using DSPE-PEG, lecithin, and cholesterol. SP94 (targeting) and TAT (penetrating) peptides were conjugated via organic phase reaction/insertion. Their physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, drug release, and in vitro antitumor activity were evaluated. RESULTS: Optimized SP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs were spherical (119.6 ± 4.1 nm; PDI 0.161 ± 0.006; zeta -9.84 ± 1.54 mV), and their encapsulation efficiency was high (DOX: 92.97 ± 1.73%; DTX: 80.33 ± 0.96%). Stability was confirmed at 4 °C for 30 days (PDI < 0.2, size change < 10%) and in 50% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 hours (transmittance > 90%). Sustained release showed 68.2 ± 3.5% (DTX) and 74.8 ± 2.9% (DOX) cumulative release at 48h (PBS pH 7.4). In vitro, SP94/TATDOX- LPs showed 2.3-fold higher HepG2 cellular uptake versus single-modified liposomes (p<0.001), with minimal LO2 uptake. Cytotoxicity assays revealed a 3.11-fold lower IC50 (0.096 ± 0.026 μg/mL) versus unmodified liposomes (0.299 ± 0.103 μg/mL). Apoptosis was significantly higher (39.5% in HepG2) than in single-modified formulations (20.55-26.74%). DISCUSSION: SP94/TAT-LPs enable dual-stage targeting: SP94 targets liver cancer cells, and TAT enhances penetration, significantly improving in vitro antitumor activity. Study limitations include sole in vitro validation (HepG2/LO2), small sample size (n=3), parameter variability, and lack of in vivo data on targeting, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. CONCLUSION: SP94/TAT-DOX/DTX-LPs achieved effective dual-stage targeting and synergistic cytotoxicity. High encapsulation, stability, and sustained release support their potential as a targeted platform for liver cancer therapy, reducing off-target toxicity.
Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Nanoparticles Loaded with Cabazitaxel: A Promising Nanomedicine for Malignant Prostate Tumors.
Qu N, Ji Y, Zhang M … +3 more , Li Z, Li Z, Chen L
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41540521 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men globally. The firstline drug, cabazitaxel (CTX), has significant side effects such as neutropenia and anemia. To address this, we aimed to develop hyaluro...
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men globally. The firstline drug, cabazitaxel (CTX), has significant side effects such as neutropenia and anemia. To address this, we aimed to develop hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified human serum albumin (HSA)-loaded CTX nanoparticles (HA-CTX NPs) to target prostate tumors with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. METHODS: HA-CTX NPs were synthesized via a self-assembly method and optimized using unidirectional and response surface analyses. The NPs were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. In vitro experiments evaluated the pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake in prostate cancer cells with high CD44 expression and in HepG-2 cells with low CD44 expression. In vivo anti-tumor efficacy and biosafety were assessed using tumor-bearing models. RESULTS: The optimized HA-CTX NPs achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 89.2 ± 1.3%. Disulfide bonds enabled rapid drug release in the tumor microenvironment with high glutathione levels. In vitro studies showed significant cytotoxicity and targeting ability for prostate cancer cells. In vivo assays demonstrated a tumor inhibition rate of 85.31% with good biosafety. DISCUSSION: HA-CTX NPs exhibited superior anti-tumor efficacy and biosafety compared to Jevtana ®. The targeting ability was attributed to the high CD44 expression in prostate cancer cells. The rapid drug release in the tumor microenvironment contributed to the enhanced therapeutic effect. Limitations include the need for further long-term safety studies. CONCLUSION: HA-CTX NPs represent a promising nanomedicine for prostate tumor treatment, offering improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to conventional CTX formulations.
The Influence of Phyto-Active Incorporated Topical Formulations on Cell Migration in Scratch Assays and Wound Model in Mice.
Yapar EA, Gökçe EH, İnal E … +3 more , Ulusoy Ş, Çankaya İİT, Kartal M
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41540520 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Vitis vinifera L. seed oil, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed oil, and the Olea europaea L. oil macerates of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. flowers and Matricaria recutita L. flowers were used for the prepa...
INTRODUCTION: Vitis vinifera L. seed oil, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed oil, and the Olea europaea L. oil macerates of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. flowers and Matricaria recutita L. flowers were used for the preparation of topical wound-healing ointments. METHODS: The ointments basically were prepared by hot-melt blending method and subjected to rheological tests and texture profile analysis. After characterization of in vitro characterization studies, a scratch assay was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ointment formulations. Ultimately, the optimized formulations underwent further testing on an in vivo burn wound model in mice. RESULTS: Measured viscosity values were F1:382.98 Pa.s and F2:2562.3 Pa.s, respectively, and both of the formulations created an easy-to-apply, soft, thin adhesive film layer. The fast wound closure was observed with F1 formulation, and when applied at different doses of 100 μL, 200 μL, and 400 μL, the 200 μL concentration of F1 formulation was able to heal the wound totally (100 %) at 48th hour. DISCUSSION: The F1 formulation presented lower viscosity than the F2; the increase in the white petrolatum concentration increased the initial viscosity as expected. F1 formulation had higher phyto-actives and cera alba and lower petrolatum in comparison to F2. The wound healing effects of both the formulations were synergistic due to their phytoactives content. In in vivo studies, the F1 ointment exhibited faster re-epithelialization with less inflammation compared to the burn control group. CONCLUSION: The best formulation included oils of H. italicum, M. recutita, V. vinifera, and T. foenum-graecum at a total concentration of 16%, exhibiting appropriate preadability and successful healing property. Additional research needs to be carried out to shed light on the mechanism underlying the formulation's healing capabilities.
Formulation Development and In vitro Characterization of Nanoparticles of Pazopanib for Wet Macular Degeneration.
Fnu G, Bhatt P, Gupta SV … +2 more , Sharma P, Sutariya V
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 Jan · PMID 41510735 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: One of the primary causes of severe vision loss globally is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and the mainstay of therapies for neovascular diseases is intravenous administration of anti-VEGF (vascula...
INTRODUCTION: One of the primary causes of severe vision loss globally is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and the mainstay of therapies for neovascular diseases is intravenous administration of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs. The goal of this research is to create an effective delivery of anti-VEGF drugs to overcome the challenges associated with current therapy and adverse effects arising from repetitive intravitreal injections. METHODS: Pazopanib (PZ) nanoparticles (NPs) have been generated to deliver the anti-VEGF drug to the posterior segment of the eye over an extended period via intravitreal injection. They were subsequently investigated for physicochemical and in vitro studies. RESULTS: The PZ NPs were found to be nano-sized with a particle size of 132.1 ± 1.4 nm and a PDI of 0.125 ± 0.023. The results showed that the zeta potential was -20.12 ± 2.7 mV and the entrapment efficiency was 33.9 ± 2.5%. Up to seven days of controlled drug release was observed in an in vitro drug release study. The PZ NPs were further assessed for cell cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and anti- VEGF assays in in vitro cell culture investigations employing human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19). In vitro cell culture tests revealed that, in comparison to the drug solution, the PZ NPs formulation was well taken up by the cells and less cytotoxic, as well as exhibited greater antiangiogenic efficacy by inhibiting VEGF expression for an extended period of time. DISCUSSION: The NPs demonstrated sustained drug release, driven by their controlled degradation kinetics. Increased potential intensity enhanced electrostatic repulsion, thereby improving NP stability. The low entrapment efficiency of PZ in the NPs was likely due to drug diffusion during emulsification and poor compatibility with the hydrophilic polymer matrix. For in vitro studies, ARPE-19 cells were selected due to their retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)-like properties, making them suitable for AMD drug testing. Efficacy (ELISA) assessments revealed that NP formulations had a stronger inhibitory effect than free drug solutions. CONCLUSION: The proposed PZ NPs were successfully developed, characterized, and demonstrated potential application in the treatment of AMD.
Double Particle Surface Modification to Improve Key Properties of Pueraria Lobatae Radix Powder for Direct Compaction.
Zhou M, Zhou S, Wu F … +4 more , Hong Y, Shen L, Qian C, Lin X
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Nov · PMID 41268827 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The ethanol extract of Pueraria lobatae Radix (EPL), a kind of medicinal herb powder with unacceptable behaviour (poor compactibility and slow dissolution rate), has the potential to be improved by double par...
BACKGROUND: The ethanol extract of Pueraria lobatae Radix (EPL), a kind of medicinal herb powder with unacceptable behaviour (poor compactibility and slow dissolution rate), has the potential to be improved by double particle surface design by fluid-bed coating. This involves surface coating with plastic Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and surface pore formation induced by NH4HCO3. METHODS: The EPL drug was selected as the model for investigation. The formulation of the Composite Particles (CPs) was optimized using a central composite design. Subsequently, the pivotal tabletrelated attributes were contrasted between the optimized porous HPMC-coated EPL CPs and the pure HPMC-coated EPL CPs. Finally, the stability and applicability of the porous HPMC-coated EPL CPs were studied. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that (i) the optimized use levels of HPMC and NH4HCO3 for the porous CPs were 8.42% and 15.00% (w/w), respectively; (ii) the compactibility and tablet dissolution rate of the porous HPMC-coated EPL CPs were significantly enhanced in comparison to those produced from the pure HPMC-coated CPs; and (iii) the porous HPMC-coated CPs exhibited good stability and universal applicability in direct compaction. CONCLUSION: As a whole, the combination of polymeric coating and porous design proved effective in enhancing the compactibility and dissolution rate of EPL-based CPs while also rendering them suitable for direct compaction. These findings are conducive to the expansion of the application of fluidbed coating technology and the simultaneous improvement of the quality and efficacy of some drug tablets.
Multiple-Chamber Nanostructures for Drug Delivery.
Yu DG, Liu J
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 41169132 · Publisher ↗
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Nano Biomaterials in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.
Sabei FY
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Oct · PMID 41163289 · Publisher ↗
The integration of nanotechnology with biomaterials has opened new avenues in drug delivery and tissue engineering, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. Nano-sized biomaterials (1-100 nm) demonstrate uniq...
The integration of nanotechnology with biomaterials has opened new avenues in drug delivery and tissue engineering, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. Nano-sized biomaterials (1-100 nm) demonstrate unique properties that improve drug targeting, reduce side effects, and facilitate tissue regeneration. This review highlights the multifunctional applications of nanoparticles, particularly selenium nanoparticles, in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine. By optimizing interactions with biological systems, these advanced materials are poised to revolutionize treatment protocols, offering targeted therapies that combine diagnostics and therapeutics. The potential of nanobiotechnology in clinical applications underscores its critical role in advancing personalized medicine.
Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology-Driven Strategies for Diagnosis and Therapy of Ocular Diseases.
Kanugo A, Teli N
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Oct · PMID 41126420 · Publisher ↗
The eye is one of the primary structures of the body that allows perception of the entire world. A person's activities rely entirely on having good vision, and any diseases or problems encountered with vision create a tr...
The eye is one of the primary structures of the body that allows perception of the entire world. A person's activities rely entirely on having good vision, and any diseases or problems encountered with vision create a troublesome condition in life. Ocular delivery can potentially treat numerous eye-related disease conditions. The diseases that affect the eyes include glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, cataracts, conjunctivitis, diabetic retinopathy, keratitis, uveitis, Endophthalmitis, allergies, and others. The conventional dosage forms (eye drops, ointment) pose numerous challenges in treating ocular infections owing to their complex nature and several barriers. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning provide a preliminary diagnosis in the early stages of disease identification and are also useful during retinal surgery. The poor ocular penetration, low bioavailability, short retention time, and frequent administration are the limitations of conventional treatments. These limitations are easily solved with nanotechnology-driven approaches. The current state-of-the-art review explores eye physiology, barriers (precorneal, corneal epithelium, lacrimal sac, blood-ocular, and efflux protein), limitations of the conventional and nanotechnology-based delivery (Lipid-based, polymer-based, metal and inorganic NPs, vesicle-based NPs, and miscellaneous). These nanocarriers facilitate good permeation, extended retention time, augment solubility, improve bioavailability, improve patient comfort and compliance, and minimize dosage application. The nanocarriers are equally effective in treating the anterior and posterior regions of the eyes, whereas conventional ones have failed to treat them effectively. The recently approved agents and patents are elaborated on ocular drug delivery. Advancements in stem cell and gene therapy are also gaining attention for treating inherited and acquired retinal diseases.
Peptide-Loaded Nanoparticles: A Precision Approach to Breast Cancer Treatment.
Eltaib L, Alanazi MN, Maqbool M … +3 more , Rana AJ, Khan Y, Hussain MS
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 41088984 · Publisher ↗
Breast cancer (BC) continues to be the most prevalent cause of death from cancer on a global scale, requiring novel and targeted therapeutic strategies. Peptide-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) have been established as a prosp...
Breast cancer (BC) continues to be the most prevalent cause of death from cancer on a global scale, requiring novel and targeted therapeutic strategies. Peptide-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) have been established as a prospective platform for precision drug delivery in BC treatment, providing enhanced cancer selectivity, improved drug stability, and reduced systemic toxicity. This article explores the multifaceted utilizations of peptide-loaded NPs in BC therapeutics, highlighting advancements in targeted drug delivery, combination therapy, and vaccine development. Peptideloaded NPs have demonstrated superior efficacy in delivering chemotherapeutic agents, overcoming drug resistance, and minimizing adverse effects. Studies on tumor-homing peptides, such as F3- functionalized liquid crystalline NPs and tLyP-1-modified reconstituted high-density lipoprotein NPs, have shown significant improvements in drug accumulation at tumor sites, reduction in metastasis, and prolonged circulation time. Additionally, the creation of peptide-based vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens, including HER2/neu and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), is reshaping BC immunotherapy, stimulating strong immune responses against tumors. Despite these advancements, obstacles persist in ensuring NP stability, mitigating immunogenicity, and scaling up manufacturing for clinical translation. Future directions include the integration of peptide-loaded NPs with CRISPR/Cas9 for gene-editing applications, the development of peptide nanovaccines, and the use of personalized nanomedicine approaches tailored to the molecular profiles of individual tumors. This review underscores the potential of peptide-loaded NPs as a next-generation therapeutic strategy, facilitating the development of more efficient and personalized treatments for BC.
A Dual-Drug Nanosuspension of Bufalin and Quercetin Exhibits Potent Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity In vitro and In vivo.
Song R, Li B, Gao C … +5 more , Yang Z, Zhu T, Sun Y, Sheng H, Zhu L
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Oct · PMID 41036754 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Both bufalin (BF) and quercetin (QUE) have demonstrated significant antitumor potential. However, they suffer from poor solubility and low bioavailability, which largely limit their clinical application. In...
INTRODUCTION: Both bufalin (BF) and quercetin (QUE) have demonstrated significant antitumor potential. However, they suffer from poor solubility and low bioavailability, which largely limit their clinical application. In order to increase the antitumor activity of BF and QUE by synergistic effect, BF and QUE co-loaded nanosuspension (BF-QUE NS) was developed. METHODS: The MTT method was used to determine the viability of HepG2 cells after treatment with BF and QUE at different mass ratios, and the optimal combination ratio was screened. BF-QUE NS was prepared by the anti-solvent precipitation method, and the single factors affecting its preparation were investigated to optimize the formulation and preparation process of the best combined NS. BFQUE NS was characterized by observing morphology, measuring particle size and zeta potential, Xray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and drug release in vitro. Cytotoxicity was detected using the MTT method; the uptake of BF-QUE NS by HepG2 cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry; apoptosis of HepG2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. BF-QUE NS was systematically characterized, and H22 tumor-bearing mice were further used to investigate the targeting distribution, antitumor effect. RESULTS: The optimal synergistic ratio of BF to QUE was 3:2. The mass ratio of BF and QUE in BFQUE NS was 1.47:1. The optimized BF-QUE NS exhibited an average particle size of 238.4 ± 2.1 nm, polydispersity index of 0.250 ± 0.004, zeta potential of -22.2 ± 0.3 mV, and presented good short-term physical stability. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that BF-QUE NS exhibited significant liver tumor-targeting efficacy, achieving an inhibition rate of 72.59% in H22 tumorbearing mice, along with high safety profiles. DISCUSSION: BF-QUE NS provides a practical solution to the delivery challenges of poorly soluble anti-cancer drugs. CONCLUSION: The prepared BF-QUE NS enhanced the drug solubility and promoted the targeted accumulation in tumors, thereby strengthening the synergistic anti-tumor effect of BF and QUE. BFQUE NS shows potential for clinical application as an anti-liver tumor drug.
Technological Aspects, Challenges and Applications of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System-A Critical Review.
Balkrishna A, Mishra S, Singh S … +6 more , Rana M, Kumar A, Rajput SK, Kumar T, Singh R, Arya V
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Sep · PMID 41017085 · Publisher ↗
The medicine is constantly released via a sustained and regulated drug delivery system per unit. However, there are several situations where it is undesirable to keep a drug's blood level constant. In these circumstances...
The medicine is constantly released via a sustained and regulated drug delivery system per unit. However, there are several situations where it is undesirable to keep a drug's blood level constant. In these circumstances, pulsatile drug delivery could be preferable. Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are gaining popularity because they deliver the medicine to the correct site of action at the proper time and in the right amount, offering spatial and temporal delivery and boosting patient compliance. These are essentially time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the system manages the lag time independent of environmental parameters such as pH, enzymes, gastrointestinal motility, etc. PDDS can be divided into three categories: time-controlled systems, where the delivery system controls drug release primarily; stimuli-induced systems, where release is programmed by external stimuli like magnetism, ultrasound, electrical effect, and irradiation; and externally regulated systems, where external stimuli like the pH or enzymes present in the intestinal tract or enzymes present in the drug delivery system control release. This article discusses several systems, such as capsular, osmotic, single- and multiple-unit systems based on soluble or erodible polymer covering and rupturable membranes. It summarizes the most recent technical innovations, formulation parameters, and system release profiles. This study also includes products available as once-daily formulations based on pulsatile releases, such as Pulsincap®, OROS®, CODAS®, and Pulsys®. These systems are helpful for medications with chronopharmacological behavior that need night-time dosage, pharmaceuticals with a first-pass solid action, and a particular location of absorption in the GIT. Diseases wherein PDDS are promising include asthma, peptic ulcer, cardiovascular ailments, arthritis, attention deficit syndrome in children, and hypercholesterolemia. PDDS can potentially bring new developments in the therapy of many diseases.
Silver Nanoparticle-Infused Aloe Polysaccharides/ Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Nanofiber Sheet for Enhanced Burn Wound Healing.
Patole V, Gadge P, Shirode A … +7 more , Ingavle G, Undale V, Deshkar S, Sanap A, Jha A, Pandit A, Giram P
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Aug · PMID 40917032 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Burn wounds are painful injuries that demand immediate and effective management. Conventional wound care solutions often have limitations, such as discomfort during application or removal and potential dama...
INTRODUCTION: Burn wounds are painful injuries that demand immediate and effective management. Conventional wound care solutions often have limitations, such as discomfort during application or removal and potential damage to healing tissue. Therefore, developing novel wound dressings that support biological processes and promote wound healing is highly beneficial. Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as a promising platform for the development of biomedical wound dressings due to their unique structural and functional properties. This study evaluates the burn wound healing potential of electrospun nanofibers composed of aloe polysaccharides, sodium alginate, and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). METHOD: AgNPs were synthesized using a green approach, employing Aloe vera as a reducing agent. Characterization of AgNPs was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, and TEM. Aloe polysaccharides were extracted using ultrasonication and characterized via FTIR, XRD, and DSC. The extracted polysaccharides were then blended with PVA and sodium alginate to fabricate electrospun nanofiber sheets, into which the synthesized AgNPs were incorporated and analyzed for antibacterial, angiogenesis, and in vivo studies. RESULTS: AgNPs exhibited spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 20 to 27 nm under TEM. Electrospun nanofiber sheet displayed a uniform structure with an average fiber diameter of 129 nm, as confirmed by SEM analysis. A sustained release of silver ions (78.98 ± 0.61% over 48 hours) was observed. The nanofibers exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, promoted angiogenesis, and significantly enhanced wound healing in a burn wound model. DISCUSSION: AgNPs impregnated nanofiber sheet exhibited superior wound healing, angiogenesis, and antibacterial properties ideal for wound healing applications. The nanofiber sheets mimicked the extracellular matrix and supported angiogenesis. Enhanced wound closure in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of the nanofibers. CONCLUSION: AgNPs-impregnated nanofiber sheets offer antibacterial activity and support angiogenesis, suggesting their potential as a multifunctional wound dressing for effective burn treatment.
Nano-Engineered Cetuximab-Copper Complexes for Targeted Drug Delivery in Head and Neck Cancer.
AlFayi MS
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Aug · PMID 40910245 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) require precise treatments. Cetuximab (Ceb) targets EGFR, and copper (Cu) compounds show promise in cancer therapy. This study investigates Ceb-Cu-p-NC, a nanoe...
BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) require precise treatments. Cetuximab (Ceb) targets EGFR, and copper (Cu) compounds show promise in cancer therapy. This study investigates Ceb-Cu-p-NC, a nanoengineered drug delivery system, designed for enhanced HNSCC treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Ceb-Cu-p-NC in HNSCC treatment. METHODS: Cu precursor, Ceb, poloxamer-407, and hyaluronic acid were used to synthesize Ceb-Cu-p- NC. Fluorescence microscopy and UV spectrophotometry were utilized to determine Ceb integration efficiency, cellular interactions, and drug concentration. Drug release was assessed via in-vitro studies at pH 5.4 and 7.4. Studies using A-253 cell lines were conducted to analyze cytotoxicity, viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. RESULTS: In this study, Ceb-Cu-p-NC showed size reduction (85-120 nm) and zeta potential shift. The Ceb integration was 34.92% with 82.5% entrapment efficiency. Cytotoxicity studies revealed enhanced efficacy (IC50: 27.55 mg/mL - 51.47 mg/mL). Flow cytometry showed significant apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest, with statistically significant results (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Ceb conjugation to Cu-p-NC enhanced nanoparticle stability, reduced surface charge, and enabled targeted, controlled drug release. The formulation showed superior cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and S-phase arrest in A-253 cells compared to free Ceb, highlighting its potential as an effective targeted therapy for head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION: Ceb-Cu-p-NC demonstrates targeted efficacy against HNSCCs, with controlled release, increased cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.
Novel Drug Delivery Systems Approved by USFDA from 2019 to 2023: A Comprehensive Review.
Almazyad AF, Haq N, Alsarra IA … +4 more , Alshehri S, Alam P, Imran M, Shakeel F
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Sep · PMID 40908700 · Publisher ↗
In recent years, tremendous progress in the field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), which has prompted the creation of new strategies to enhance treatment results and patient compliance. The goal of this comprehensi...
In recent years, tremendous progress in the field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), which has prompted the creation of new strategies to enhance treatment results and patient compliance. The goal of this comprehensive review is to provide a summary of the NDDS that the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has approved from 2019 to 2023. Various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, and patent websites were utilized to gather relevant information. The selected NDDSs were categorized based on their delivery route, such as oral, injectable, transdermal, pulmonary, nasal, ocular, and implantable. For each delivery route, the review provides a detailed analysis of the approved NDDSs, including their mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, and clinical applications. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges faced during the development and commercialization of these systems, as well as the prospects and potential areas of improvement. The findings of this comprehensive review demonstrate the remarkable progress made in the field of NDDSs, with the USFDA approving several innovative technologies in recent years. The approved NDDSs have shown promising results in enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and patient convenience. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and pharmaceutical industries, offering insights into the latest advancements in NDDSs approved by the US FDA. The knowledge gained from this review can guide future research endeavors, foster innovation, and contribute to developing more effective and patient-friendly NDDS strategies.
Nanotechnology-Enabled Antibiotic Therapy: The Promise of Transfersomal Tigecycline in Combating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Khasawneh DM, Oweis RJ
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Aug · PMID 40820452 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of purulent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs), posing significant global health and economic challenges. This study aims t...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of purulent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs), posing significant global health and economic challenges. This study aims to optimize a drug delivery system, specifically Tigecyclineloaded transfersomes, to address the limitations of current treatments, including bacterial resistance, systemic side effects, and poor drug penetration, thereby offering a safer and more effective alternative for MRSA-related SSTIs. METHODS: A novel Tigecycline transfersomal formulation was developed using the thin film hydration method. The study investigated the effects of varying drug-to-lipid ratios, lipid-to-edge activator ratios, and different hydration media on the characteristics of the Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes. The formulation's morphology, release profile, and antibacterial activity against clinical MRSA strains were also evaluated. RESULTS: The Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes were successfully prepared with particle sizes ranging from 92.3 to 290.8 nm, zeta potential values from -16.22 to -48.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 54.8% to 84.39%. The formulation prepared using distilled water as the hydration medium, a lipid-to-edge activator ratio of 80:20, and a drug-to-lipid ratio of 3:8 was selected for further assessment due to its optimal characteristics. The selected transfersomes were spherical with an average diameter of 131 nm. The formulation exhibited a controlled drug release profile and demonstrated a twofold increase in antibacterial activity against MRSA compared to non-liposomal Tigecycline. DISCUSSION: The results highlighted the significant role of formulation parameters in tailoring transferosomal characteristics and enhancing therapeutic performance. The study builds on existing research by introducing Tigecycline-a broad-spectrum antibiotic-into transfersomal systems for the first time. However, further in vivo validation is necessary. CONCLUSION: Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes demonstrated improved drug delivery and antibacterial efficacy against MRSA. This novel formulation shows promise as an effective topical therapy for antibiotic-resistant SSTIs.
Starch Biopolymer Functionalized with Extract: A Natural System for Bioactive Delivery in Type II Diabetes.
Muniz BAL, Gutierrez RMP, Muniz-Ramirez A
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 40820451 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Natural compounds derived from plants, such as Ipomoea batatas, have shown therapeutic potential for its treatment. M...
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Natural compounds derived from plants, such as Ipomoea batatas, have shown therapeutic potential for its treatment. METHODS: A starch-based biopolymer was developed and functionalized with a methanolic extract of (IBM). Its physicochemical properties, such as swelling capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and extract release, were evaluated. tests were conducted on diabetic using two administration routes: immersion and oral delivery. RESULTS: The biopolymer exhibited a swelling capacity of 333.03% and an encapsulation efficiency of 47.78%. In the zebrafish model, significant reductions in glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels were observed, along with inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation in groups treated with IBM and BP-IBM. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that the biopolymer preserves the chemical integrity of the extract and improves its bioavailability, enabling a significant therapeutic effect. The dual administration routes provide flexibility and demonstrate the efficacy of the delivery system. CONCLUSION: The starch-based system functionalized with I. batatas extract proved to be a promising and non-toxic platform for the delivery of bioactive metabolites in type 2 diabetes models, with potential for future therapeutic applications.
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