Curr Drug Deliv [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Biocompatibility Evaluation of a Dexamethasone Mucoadhesive Nanosystem: Preclinical and Preliminary Clinical Evaluations.
Pérez-González GL, Villarreal-Gómez LJ, Valenzuela-Salas LM … +2 more , Méndez-Sánchez ER, Cornejo-Bravo JM
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Apr · PMID 40207765 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: There is a strong need for drug delivery systems that are both highly compatible with biological tissues and effective when used in the oral mucosa. While gels, creams, or ointments are currently employed f...
INTRODUCTION: There is a strong need for drug delivery systems that are both highly compatible with biological tissues and effective when used in the oral mucosa. While gels, creams, or ointments are currently employed for this purpose, their oral bioavailability is constrained by the limited contact time with mucosal tissue. METHOD: In response to this challenge, we developed and evaluated the efficacy of a multilayer mucoadhesive system incorporated with Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEX-P) for oral mucosal delivery. An electrospun multilayer system was created and subjected to biocompatibility and efficiency testing through both in vitro and ex vivo approaches, finally culminating in an acceptability trial in healthy human volunteers. The multilayer system was created using Poly-Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) and Poly ε-Caprolactone (PCL) as a polymeric base and Polycarbophil (NOVEON® AA-1, PCF) serving as an adhesion enhancer to facilitate the unidirectional release of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DEX-P). RESULT: The nanofibers matrices underwent morphological characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and DEX-P release was evaluated using ex vivo porcine mucosa, yielding promising results. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay, employing HFF-1 cells. The cell viability ranged from 78 to 96%, suggesting the safety of the polymers used. The tested dose range of DEX on cell lines did not decrease below 75%, indicating its safety in terms of in vivo cytotoxicity. Biocompatibility was evaluated on animal models, with no considerable tissue damage observed. CONCLUSION: Human in vivo studies demonstrated prolonged adhesion and a favorable perception of the system.
Optimizing Transdermal Drug Delivery with Novasome Nanocarriers: A Quality by Design (QbD) Framework.
Kaur P, Kriplani P
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Apr · PMID 40197203 · Publisher ↗
A revolutionary encapsulation-based drug delivery technique called novasome technology outperforms conventional liposome systems in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. It is comprised of free fatty acid, cholesterol,...
A revolutionary encapsulation-based drug delivery technique called novasome technology outperforms conventional liposome systems in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. It is comprised of free fatty acid, cholesterol, and surfactant, which combine to yield better vesicle properties for medication administration. Numerous research endeavors have examined the ideal blend of surfactant types, free fatty acids, and their proportions, along with the formulation elements that might substantially impact the vesicle properties. It has been shown that novasome technology may be used to deliver various drugs, such as vaccines, niflumic acid, zolmitriptan, and terconazole. To develop the most effective novasomal formulations with significant drug loading and nano-metric form, it is important to find the appropriate ratio between core components along with critical manufacturing process determinants. Understanding the interplay between these factors requires applying Quality by Design (QBD) in combination with Design of Experiments (DoE). These may be applied for both scale-up and lab-scale applications. This manuscript includes a detailed view of novasomes and the involvement of QBD.
Precision Drug Delivery to the Liver: A Nanoparticle Approach.
Yadav K, Ajazuddin, Sharma M … +6 more , Nagori K, Jain P, Minz S, Singh MR, Singh D, Pradhan M
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 40183273 · Publisher ↗
The global burden of Chronic Liver Diseases (CLDs) is escalating, with increasing prevalence and mortality. Various conditions ranging from fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with conditions...
The global burden of Chronic Liver Diseases (CLDs) is escalating, with increasing prevalence and mortality. Various conditions ranging from fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with conditions such as toxin accumulation, viral infections, and metabolic derangements. In this already difficult context, the emergence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis complicated the picture even further. While there has been much advancement in medical research, there is currently no standard cure; hence, the best treatment options are limited, providing a rising need for new therapeutic approaches. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems represent a promising avenue, providing targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic effectiveness. Nanosystems can protect therapeutic agents from degradation, evade rapid clearance mechanisms, and target drugs directly to a specific hepatic cell type. However, the complex architecture of the liver presents challenges for these therapies, including the need to precisely target individual cells and retain the stability of nanoparticles within the hepatic microenvironment. This review presents recent advances in nanoparticle and targeted ligands-based technologies. These technologies help to navigate barriers associated with similar therapies. As these challenges are addressed, nanotechnological advancements could potentially lead to a major revolution in the treatment of CLDs, paving the way for improved management strategies and providing new hope for affected individuals worldwide.
Novel Antibiotic-Loaded PEGylated Xerogels of Acidified Chitosan for Periodontal Diseases.
Zafar F, Sheraz MA, Ali SA … +3 more , Riaz M, Ahmed S, Anwar Z
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Mar · PMID 40148301 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to develop an effective treatment strategy for periodontal diseases that maximizes therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic adverse effects. Specifically, the study focu...
OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to develop an effective treatment strategy for periodontal diseases that maximizes therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic adverse effects. Specifically, the study focused on creating a xerogel-based localized drug delivery system for the slow release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat periodontal disease. METHODS: Xerogels were prepared using the solvent casting method, with the solvent being evaporated slowly at ambient conditions. The prepared DH xerogels underwent comprehensive characterization to assess their in-silico compatibility, pharmacokinetics, and physicochemical properties. The properties studied included drying time and rate, thickness, moisture content, swelling index, organoleptic properties, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, drug release and kinetics, and antibacterial activity. RESULTS: In-silico studies demonstrated compatibility between the ingredients, indicating minimal adverse effects on the body. The analysis revealed hydrogen bonding between the drug and polymers, changing the drug's crystallization characteristics to an amorphous form. The release profiles of DH from the xerogels indicated a slow release, ranging from 29.42% to 66.30% over 10 hours, following the Hopfenberg model. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the formulated xerogels are well-suited for periodontal applications. The slow-release profile of DH from the xerogels offers a promising approach for localized treatment of periodontal disease, reducing the risk of systemic adverse effects. This data is valuable for dental practitioners and pharmaceutical formulators, providing a new avenue for enhancing periodontal disease treatment.
Lactoferrin-Conjugated Nanocarriers for Transformative Strategies in Cancer Management: New Insights on Breast Cancer Therapy.
Pahwa R, Saini S, Sharma G … +8 more , Panwar R, Tuli HS, Mishra N, Vishwas S, Singh TG, Gupta G, Dureja H, Singh SK
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Mar · PMID 40143391 · Publisher ↗
Cancer represents a diverse and complex spectrum of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells, establishing a formidable global health challenge. Within the array of diverse cancers, breast...
Cancer represents a diverse and complex spectrum of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells, establishing a formidable global health challenge. Within the array of diverse cancers, breast cancer arises as one of the primary contributors to cancer-related fatalities in females. Breast cysts, thickenings, alterations in breast size or form, etc., are all prevalent and well-known signs of breast cancer. Despite remarkable progression in cancer research and the abundance of potent drugs, the effectiveness of conventional therapy is still hindered by various complications. In this avenue, nanocarriers present considerable promise for delivering therapeutics to cancerous cells, however, still numerous challenges persist in achieving successful targeted drug delivery and localization. Recent progress has emphasized the utilization of ligand-functionalized nanocarriers to enhance the delivery at target tissues and improve uptake by cancer cells. This approach contributes to increased accuracy and efficacy, which ultimately leads to enhanced patient outcomes. Lactoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is currently receiving significant attention as a promising ligand for targeted drug delivery in cancerous cells, especially breast cancer cells. This review provides new insight into ligand-targeted therapy, emphasizing the key benefits and notable features of utilizing lactoferrin as a targeting ligand for delivering drug-loaded nanocarriers to tumor sites.
Spray-Dried Inhalable Favipiravir Dry Powder Formulation for Influenza Therapy: Preparation and In vivo Evaluation.
Zhang X, Wang B, Xu L … +7 more , Zhao L, Zhang L, Bei Z, Zhang D, Zhou D, Lv M, Song Y
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 Mar · PMID 40077822 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Influenza, a seasonal infectious disease, has consistently posed a formidable challenge to global health in recent years. Favipiravir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, serves as an anti-influenza me...
BACKGROUND: Influenza, a seasonal infectious disease, has consistently posed a formidable challenge to global health in recent years. Favipiravir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, serves as an anti-influenza medication, currently administered solely in oral form for clinical use. However, achieving an effective therapeutic outcome often necessitates high oral doses, which can be accompanied by adverse effects and suboptimal patient adherence. OBJECTIVE: To enhance favipiravir delivery efficiency and potentially mitigate dosage-related side effects, this study aimed to formulate favipiravir as a dry powder for pulmonary inhalation, facilitating direct targeting of lung tissue. METHODS: Employing L-leucine as a carrier, favipiravir was prepared as an inhalable dry powder through the spray-drying technique. A 3x3 full-factorial design approach was adopted to optimize the formulation. The optimized spray-dried powder underwent comprehensive characterization, including assessments of its morphology, crystallinity, flowability, and aerodynamic particle size distribution. The therapeutic efficacy of the powder was evaluated in a mouse model infected with the H1N1 influenza virus. RESULTS: The formulated powder demonstrated good aerosol properties, rendering it suitable for inhalation delivery. Its therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in the mouse model, where it exhibited marked protective effects against the virus in vivo after 5 days of treatment. Notably, the inhalation dose required (15 mg/kg/day) was significantly lower than the oral gavage dose (150 mg/kg/day), indicating that substantially reduced doses, when administered via inhalation, were sufficient to confer protection against mortality in mice. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the potential of inhalation therapy using spray-dried favipiravir powder as an effective and efficient treatment option for influenza, offering the promise of reduced dosing requirements and associated adverse effects.
Biomimetic Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Brain Diseases.
Tan Y, Tang Z, Zhang Y … +2 more , Du L, Jia F
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 40070067 · Publisher ↗
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively blocks most drugs from entering the central nervous system, posing significant challenges to the treatment of brain diseases, such as cerebrovascular disorders, neurodegenerative...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively blocks most drugs from entering the central nervous system, posing significant challenges to the treatment of brain diseases, such as cerebrovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and brain tumors. In recent years, biomimetic braintargeted drug delivery systems (BBDDSs) have garnered substantial attention for their potential to overcome these obstacles. BBDDSs employ natural biological materials in combination with synthetic nanoparticles to create delivery systems that mimic endogenous biological processes, enabling the penetration of the BBB and facilitating brain-targeting efficacy. This paper reviews the preparation of BBDDS using cell membranes, proteins, lipoproteins, peptides, nanovesicles, and viruses, introduces their applications in various diseases, and outlines current challenges and future prospects for the use of BBDDS in therapeutic interventions.
Advancements and Challenges of Plant-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Anti-Cancer Strategies and Drug Delivery.
Zhang F, Liang X, Liu H … +3 more , Anayyat U, Yang Z, Wang X
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 40059421 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are vital for intercellular material exchange and information transfer. They significantly regulate cellular functions, tissue repair, and self-defense mechanisms....
BACKGROUND: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are vital for intercellular material exchange and information transfer. They significantly regulate cellular functions, tissue repair, and self-defense mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: This review summarizes the formation pathways, composition, and potential applications of PDEVs in anti-tumor research and drug delivery systems. METHODS: We conducted a literature search using keywords such as "plant-derived extracellular vesicles," "exosomes," "drug delivery," "isolation and purification," "stability," "anti-tumor," and "tumor therapy" in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We examined studies on the formation pathways of PDEVs, including fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, exosome-positive organelles, and vacuole release. We also reviewed isolation and purification techniques critical for studying their biological functions. Furthermore, we analyzed research on the application of PDEVs in cancer therapy, focusing on their inhibitory effects in various cancer models and their role as carriers in drug delivery systems. RESULTS: PDEVs have demonstrated potential in anti-tumor research, particularly with vesicles from plants like tea, garlic, and Artemisia annua showing inhibitory effects in breast, lung, and gastric cancer models. Additionally, PDEVs serve as effective carriers in drug delivery systems, offering possibilities for developing ideal therapeutic solutions. CONCLUSION: While PDEVs show promise in cancer treatment and drug delivery, challenges such as standardization, storage stability, and elucidation of action mechanisms remain. Further research is needed to overcome these challenges and advance the clinical translation of PDEVs.
Nanophase: An Effective Dispersion System for the Decoction of Kushen Huaihua for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.
Liu J, Tang H, Yang L … +3 more , Wang H, Li X, Yang Z
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 40012383 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: In traditional Chinese medicine, the decoction turns into a complex multiphase system following exposure to high temperatures and a complex chemical environment. However, the effective dispersion...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: In traditional Chinese medicine, the decoction turns into a complex multiphase system following exposure to high temperatures and a complex chemical environment. However, the effective dispersion system of the decoction of Kushen Huaihua (DKH) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) has yet to be elucidated. METHODS: DKH was separated into precipitated phase (DKH-P), nanophase (DKH-N), and solution phase (DKH-S) according to the particle size by ultracentrifugation dialysis, and the physicochemical properties of each phase group, such as particle size, morphology, chemical composition, and content, were analysed by TEM and HPLC. The anti-UC effects of the different phases were evaluated by ELISA and HE staining. Furthermore, the composition of the effective dispersion system and release characteristics were investigated by UV and HPLC. RESULTS: The fingerprint analysis of DKH recognized 11 key components, namely Ru, Qu, Ka, Fo, Iso, Kur, SFG, OMT, OSC, MT, and SC. The content of these components in DKH-N was found to be 69.51%, 88.30%, 84.60%, 82.92%, 73.35%, 77.03%, 74.02%, 89.74%, 85.99%, 79.53%, and 85.24% of the corresponding levels in DKH, respectively. Pharmacodynamic results demonstrated that DKH-N exerted the same anti-UC effect as DKH, decreased DAI and CMDI scores, increased IL-4 and IL-10 activities, and reduced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO, which were significantly different from those of the model group (**P<0.01). Additionally, DKH-N was found to comprise 30.30% polysaccharides and 24.93% protein components. Furthermore, 11 components in DKH-N demonstrated more than 80% release in enzyme-containing simulated colonic fluid in 24 h. CONCLUSION: DKH-N may be an effective dispersion system for DKH treatment of UC.
Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Research on Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems (2008-2023).
Xiang W, Shang Q, Zhu Z … +2 more , Wu Y, Song X
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39980286 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Exosomes are unique bio-nanomaterials possessing significant value and potential for drug delivery systems. However, to date, no bibliometric studies in this field have been reported. Our aim is to explore...
INTRODUCTION: Exosomes are unique bio-nanomaterials possessing significant value and potential for drug delivery systems. However, to date, no bibliometric studies in this field have been reported. Our aim is to explore the research hotspots and trends of exosome drug-carrying systems across various medical fields through bibliometric analyses. METHODS: Articles and reviews related to "exosome" and "drug delivery" are retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Origin 2021 are employed for bibliometric analyses. RESULTS: A total of 771 articles from 60 countries, such as China and the United States, are included. The number of papers concerning exosomal drug delivery systems has been increasing yearly. The main research institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Fudan University, and Sichuan University. The Journal of Controlled Release is the most prevalent and frequently cited journal in this field. These papers are authored by 247 individuals, with Ando, Hidenori having the highest number of publications and Alvarez-Erviti L receiving the most citations. "Extracellular vesicles", "drug delivery", "in vitro", "nanoparticles", "cells", "delivery", and "mesenchymal stem cells" are the principal keywords for this hotspot. CONCLUSION: This pioneering bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the research trends and advancements in exosomal drug delivery systems in medicine over the past fifteen years.
A Nanocarrier Enhances the Anti-Liver Cancer Efficacy of Mitoxantrone: An Acidic Polysaccharide III.
Ding Y, Wei P, Xia D … +5 more , Deng M, Zhang Y, Li M, Yan Z, Chen T
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 39976030 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are high; therefore, developing new drug delivery systems with good biocompatibility and targeting has become a research hotspot. METHODS: Mitoxantrone hydr...
INTRODUCTION: The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are high; therefore, developing new drug delivery systems with good biocompatibility and targeting has become a research hotspot. METHODS: Mitoxantrone hydrochloride (MH) loaded in acidic Panax notoginseng polysaccharide III nanoparticles (MANPs) was prepared using electrostatic adsorption. This was achieved by loading MH in acidic polysaccharide III (APPN III), a natural compound that exhibits anti-tumor activity. Response surface methodology was used to determine the parameters for the best formulation. RESULTS: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that MH in MANPs was amorphous and exhibited good encapsulation efficiency in the carrier. Findings from dynamic dialysis confirmed that MANPs exhibited slow drug release at pH 6.8 and over the pH range of 7.2-7.4. In vitro experiments confirmed the anti-tumor effects of MANPs on H22 cells based on the inhibition of cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. MANPs also demonstrated an obvious anti-tumor effect without any toxicity in H22 tumor-bearing mice. This effect could be attributed to APPN III enhancing the immune system and exerting a synergistic anti-tumor effect in combination with MH, thereby alleviating MH-induced damage to the immune system in H22 tumorbearing mice. CONCLUSION: As a nano-carrier prepared using natural resources, APPN III shows immense potential in the field of drug delivery and could serve as a novel option for the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Garlic Extract-Mediated SPIONs-Incorporated Nanohydrogel for Enhanced Wound Healing Potential.
Parmanik A, Bose A, Panigrahi LL … +2 more , Sahoo RN, Nayak AK
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39957697 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a specific size range of 15-70 nm are usually considered nontoxic substances with superior antibacterial activity, making them strong candidates for...
INTRODUCTION: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a specific size range of 15-70 nm are usually considered nontoxic substances with superior antibacterial activity, making them strong candidates for wound dressing applications. Although SPIONs have significant antibacterial activity, their ability to treat infected wounds still needs to be explored. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to synthesize antibacterial SPIONs (G-SPIONs) using aqueous garlic extract as a bioreducing agent and evaluate the synthesized G-SPIONsincorporated nanohydrogel for wound healing potential. METHODS: Synthesized G-SPIONs were characterized by SEM, zeta potential, VSM, FTIR, etc. The antibacterial effects of G-SPIONs were evaluated against , and , as compared to garlic extract. The synthesized G-SPIONs were further incorporated into the chitosanbased hydrogel (ChiG-SPIONs) to assess their wound healing potential using the in vivo rat model. RESULTS: The synthesized G-SPIONs had a positive surface charge of +3.82 mV and were spherical, with sizes ranging between 20-80 nm. Additionally, their hemo-biocompatible nature was confirmed by hemolysis assay. The magnetic nature of synthesized G-SPIONs was investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer, and the saturation magnetization (Ms) was found to be 53.793emu/g. The in vivo wound healing study involving rats revealed a wound contraction rate of around 95% with improved skin regeneration. The histopathological examination demonstrated a faster rate of reepithelialization with regeneration of blood vessels and hair follicles. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the developed ChiG-SPIONs could be a novel and efficient nanohydrogel dressing material for the effective management of wound infections.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Albumin Nanoparticles for Delivery of Gemcitabine.
Paroha S, Dubey RD, Verma J … +8 more , Jain V, Akbar S, Mishra AK, Neha SL, Rani L, Mahto AK, Sahoo PK, Dewangan RP
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 39945261 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine (Gem) is a well-known antineoplastic drug used to treat several solid tumors. The clinical application of Gem is hampered owing to its non-selectivity, short half-life, and drug resistance, which,...
BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine (Gem) is a well-known antineoplastic drug used to treat several solid tumors. The clinical application of Gem is hampered owing to its non-selectivity, short half-life, and drug resistance, which, therefore, necessitate the development of a suitable novel formulation that can selectively target cancer sites. METHODS: In present work, Gem-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Gem-BSANPs) have been prepared by using the desolvation cross-linking method and coated with hyaluronic acid (HAGem- BSANPs) to target the CD44 receptor which overexpressed on several solid tumors. The developed NPs were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Further anticancer activity of the developed formulation was evaluated against A549 and MCF-7 cells and explored mode of action studies. RESULTS: The mean particle size and zeta potential of HA-Gem-BSANPs were observed as 144.7±5.67 nm and -45.72±3.24 mV, respectively. The TEM analysis also corroborated the particle size and shape, while thermal analysis (DSC) indicated that Gem was entrapped into NPs in an amorphous form. The nucleoside transport inhibition assay demonstrated that the NPs do not depend on transporters for cellular internalization, and hence, resistance development in cells is less expected against this formulation. HA-Gem-BSANPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis on both the tested cell lines. However, better cell-killing ability and mitochondrial membrane potential loss were observed against A549 due to CD44 expression. CONCLUSION: The present work demonstrated that HA-Gem-BSANPs could be a potential strategy to improve Gem's therapeutic efficacy by selectively targeting the tumor site.
Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutics and Theranostics for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review.
Sharma N, Kumar A, Sambhakar S … +5 more , Bhatia D, Hussain S, Mursal M, Singh B, Narayan KP
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39865830 · Publisher ↗
Recent advancements in nanotherapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment through the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, known as theranostics. This critical review examines the current landscape of...
Recent advancements in nanotherapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment through the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, known as theranostics. This critical review examines the current landscape of nanotherapeutics for various cancers, such as bladder and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting current advancements in nanotherapeutics and challenges. Key approaches discussed include biomimetic smart nanocarriers, polymeric smart nanocarriers, inorganic-based smart nanocarriers, and nanorobots. Furthermore, diverse nanomaterials have been explored in theranostics, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, the integration of imaging techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and positron emission tomography (PET) with therapeutic nanoparticles has been analyzed for potential clinical applications.
mRNA Vaccines: Unlocking Potential, Exploring Applications, and Envisioning Future Horizons.
Mishra G, Rathee S, Garg M … +1 more , Patil UK
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39865829 · Publisher ↗
In recent years, there have been notable strides in developing mRNA vaccines, resulting in the creation of potent immunizations against diverse diseases. This review examines the most recent advancements in this field, f...
In recent years, there have been notable strides in developing mRNA vaccines, resulting in the creation of potent immunizations against diverse diseases. This review examines the most recent advancements in this field, focusing on their implications for future vaccine development. The pursuit of heightened vaccine efficacy is investigated through cutting-edge methods in adjuvant selection, delivery system optimization, and antigen selection. The review also explores the potential for personalized vaccines based on genetic profiles, along with the latest techniques to ensure vaccine stability and extend shelf life. Highlighting the versatility of mRNA vaccines in addressing emerging infectious diseases and their variations, the review underscores the significance of swift response plans and advanced technologies to counter evolving viral mutations. In summary, this in-depth analysis emphasizes how mRNA vaccines hold transformative potential in reshaping both therapeutic and preventive strategies. Notable achievements include the creation of extremely potent mRNA vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing efforts to address challenges like long-term immune protection and increase the effectiveness and stability of mRNA vaccines are also discussed. This review's main goal is to provide a thorough summary of current advancements in mRNA vaccine technology while exploring how these advances may impact future approaches to treating and preventing different diseases.
Exploring the Physicochemical Compatibility of Minoxidil in Combination with Different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Ready-to-use Vehicles for Alopecia Treatment.
Marianni B, Koulouridas S, Polonini HC
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 39844416 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Alopecia is globally known as a distressing medical disorder that affects men and women, and current commercially available minoxidil solutions are formulated with irritant vehicles with frequent complaints o...
BACKGROUND: Alopecia is globally known as a distressing medical disorder that affects men and women, and current commercially available minoxidil solutions are formulated with irritant vehicles with frequent complaints of dermatologic adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate further the compatibility of ready-to-use vehicles for the preparation of tailored formulations for alopecia treatment, namely TrichoSol™ (a ready-to-use vehicle for personalized hair solutions) and TrichoFoam™ (a ready-to-use vehicle for personalized foam formulations), in combination with minoxidil and other active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), to establish adequate beyond-use dates (BUD) for the given formulations. METHODS: Products under evaluation were compounded using TrichoSol™ or TrichoFoam™, with direct incorporation of the APIs into these vehicles. Samples were then stored at controlled room temperature for up to 180 days. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed and validated, and then utilized to evaluate the compatibility of the APIs in TrichoSol™ and TrichoFoam™. Forced degradation studies were conducted to assess API stability under various stress conditions, and Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing (AET) was performed at 0 and 180 days after compounding. RESULTS: According to our results, BUDs of up to 90-180 days were obtained for the examined formulations stored at room temperature, considering a degradation of maximum 10% of the nominal concentration of the APIs within them. The formulations exhibited no discernible physical alterations throughout this period and maintained chemical stability within acceptable limits. Microbiological evaluations confirmed the efficacy of the preservative system. CONCLUSION: Products compounded with TrichoSol™ and TrichoFoam™ showed suitable stability to be used as personalized treatments for alopecia. We can then suggest that the vehicles TrichoSol™ and TrichoFoam™ present effective solutions for compounding personalized hair care treatments.
Soluplus Stabilized Amorphous Dispersions for Enhanced Oral Absorption of Felodipine.
Zhang S, Xiong S, Gong Y … +2 more , Wang L, Huang D
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39819530 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Overcoming the poor aqueous solubility of small-molecule drugs is a major challenge in developing clinical pharmaceuticals. Felodipine (FLDP), an L-type calcium calcium channel blocker, is a poorly water-solu...
BACKGROUND: Overcoming the poor aqueous solubility of small-molecule drugs is a major challenge in developing clinical pharmaceuticals. Felodipine (FLDP), an L-type calcium calcium channel blocker, is a poorly water-soluble drug. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to explore the potential applications of polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (Soluplus) stabilized amorphous dispersions for augmenting the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. METHODS: Soluplus-stabilized amorphous FLDP (FLDP-SSAs) was prepared using a two-phase mixing method. The samples were analyzed for their microscopic and macroscopic behavior using polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular simulation, and dissolution studies. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetics of FLDP-SSAs were evaluated. RESULTS: The maximum drug-to-Soluplus mass ratio of FLDP-SSAs was 50:50, with a drug concentration of 8.0 mg/mL. They exhibited an amorphous nature, as confirmed by PLM and DSC. FLDPSSAs generated nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 50 nm during dissolution. Compared to FLDP oral solution, FLDP-SSAs exhibited higher solubility due to their amorphous nature and the generation of nanoparticles. The area under the curve (AUC) for oral FLDP-SSAs was 16.7-fold larger than that of the FLDP suspension. CONCLUSION: FLDP-SSAs could stabilize FLDP in an amorphous state and serve as drug carriers to enhance oral absorption.
Drug-Loaded Hydrogel Microneedles for Sustainable Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecular Proteins.
Chandran R, Mohd Tohit ER, Stanslas J … +2 more , Salim N, Mahmood TMT
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39819406 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Poly(methyl vinyl ether co-maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) hydrogel microneedles (HMN) are investigated for transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs owing to their biocompatibility and super-swelling properties....
INTRODUCTION: Poly(methyl vinyl ether co-maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) hydrogel microneedles (HMN) are investigated for transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs owing to their biocompatibility and super-swelling properties. However, the drug delivery efficacy reduces with increasing molecular weight due to the entrapment within the HMN matrices. Furthermore, integrating external drug reservoirs extends the drug diffusion path and reduces the efficiency of drug permeation. METHODS: A direct drug loading approach in the HMN matrix was introduced in this work following a pH modification step. The effect of pH modification on the physicochemical properties of HMN was studied. Then, bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein, was loaded into the pH-modified HMN, and the morphological changes in HMN and protein stability were also assessed. Finally, the efficacy of BSA-loaded HMN in the transdermal delivery was evaluated . RESULTS: A significant increase in swelling was recorded following the pH modification of HMN (p < 0.001). The structure of pH-modified hydrogel was highly porous, and ATR-FTIR spectra indicated a shift in the carboxylic peak. The secondary structure of BSA loaded in the pH-modified HMN was also preserved. The BSA-loaded HMN mediated a sustained ex-vivo drug release with a cumulative release of 64.70% (3.88 mg) in 24 h. CONCLUSION: The model drug-incorporated PMVE/MA HMN system shows potential for sustainable transdermal delivery of proteins.
Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-mediated Combination Drug Therapy for Tackling Solid-resistant Tumors.
Rafiya K, Awasthi S, Qureshi SA … +2 more , Hasan N, Ahmad FJ
Curr Drug Deliv · 2026 · PMID 39819405 · Publisher ↗
Cancer is a group of dynamic diseases characterized by uncontrollable growth and spread of cells. The heterogenic nature of cancer hinders the abolishment of cancer resulting in a narrow therapeutic index, the capacity o...
Cancer is a group of dynamic diseases characterized by uncontrollable growth and spread of cells. The heterogenic nature of cancer hinders the abolishment of cancer resulting in a narrow therapeutic index, the capacity of drug efflux, multidrug resistance, and unacceptable side effects. The major challenge in the treatment of malignancies is multidrug resistance (MDR). A novel platform, nanoscale delivery system, concluding desirable applications for the treatment of cancer with targeted and controlled release of drugs, reducing the number of side effects and systemic toxicity. Recent studies emphasize that combining 2 or more nanocarrier-mediated therapies may produce complementary therapeutic effects, perhaps resulting in improved outcomes of cancer current therapies like deterioration of drug resistance. Therefore, in this article, we scrutinize the recent advancement addressing combination therapy by combining nanoparticles with anticancer drugs. It briefly concludes a thorough overview of cancer, tumor or solid resistant tumors, the mechanism of resistant tumors, current therapies for the treatment of solid tumors, and their challenges. It also covers various types of nanoparticles used in cancer treatment, the usage of nanocarriers in resistant tumors, and nanocarrier-based combinatorial therapy for the treatment of resistant tumors as well as its benefits. However, this approach still needs to be improved for clinical applications.
Improvement in Compatibility and Drug Release Performance of Hot-Melt Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Physical Blending Technique.
Yang J, Yin S, Wu T … +4 more , Zhang Y, Zhu C, Feng N, Guo T
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 39817376 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Hot-melt Pressure-sensitive Adhesives (HMPSA) are eco-friendly pressuresensitive adhesives, with the potential of being used as substrates for transdermal patches. However, due to the low hydrophilicity of HM...
BACKGROUND: Hot-melt Pressure-sensitive Adhesives (HMPSA) are eco-friendly pressuresensitive adhesives, with the potential of being used as substrates for transdermal patches. However, due to the low hydrophilicity of HMPSA, the application is limited in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plasters. METHODS: Three modified HMPSA were prepared with acrylic resin EPO, acrylic resin RL100, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the modifying materials. The physical compatibility between HMPSA and the modifying materials was investigated through in vitro release performance, viscosity, softening point, cohesion, and fluidity, so as to determine the most effective modifying material. The impact of the modified HMPSA on the release properties of different TCM ingredients was elucidated by the performance of water absorption and contact angle behavior. RESULTS: With the addition of the modifying materials, both the viscosity and the softening point of HMPSA were improved, with the flowability reduced and the cohesion maintained. The morphological and structural changes reflected the physical compatibility between HMPSA and the three modifying materials. According to the results of in vitro release experiments, PVP effectively improved the release performance of paeoniflorin, ephedrine hydrochloride, and cinnamaldehyde in HMPSA, with no significant impact on the release performance of eugenol. The changes in the drug release performance of HMPSA may be attributed to the improved hydrophilicity of HMPSA after physical modification. CONCLUSION: The compatibility and the drug release performance of HMPSA were effectively enhanced after the addition of the modifying materials by the physical blending technique. Among the three modifying materials, PVP has been found to be an ideal modifying material for HMPSA in the field of TCM plasters due to its effects on drug release performance.
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