Curr Drug Deliv [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Limitations and Innovative Application Methods of Surfactants for Solubilization of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs.
Jin G, Wang J, Xu J … +3 more , Jin Q, Xue JF, Li LH
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38812424 · Full text
Poor solubility of drugs leads to poor bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. A large proportion of drugs that are not developed and marketed for use by patients are due to their extremely low solubility. Therefore,...
Poor solubility of drugs leads to poor bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. A large proportion of drugs that are not developed and marketed for use by patients are due to their extremely low solubility. Therefore, improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs is one of the most important aspects of the field of drug research. With the continuous development of more and more formulation techniques and excipient applications, the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs can be improved to a certain extent to obtain better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including pH microenvironment regulation technology, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, nanotechnology, and application of surfactants. However, the most widely used among them is the application of surfactants. This technique can reduce the surface tension, improve wettability, and have a remarkable solubilizing ability after forming micelles. However, surfactants have also been found to possess certain limitations in solubilization. In this review, the factors affecting the solubilization of surfactants and limiting their application have been summarized from several aspects. These factors include drugs, additives, and media. Some ideas to solve these application limitations have also been put forward, which can lay a foundation for the wider application of surfactants in the future.
Ufasomes as Topical/Transdermal Drug Delivery System: Structural Components, Preparation Techniques and Therapeutic Application.
Al-Mahmood S, Ayash NR
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38779736 · Publisher ↗
Fatty acid vesicles, or ufasomes, are spherical structures that encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules to the skin or other tissues. They are formed from both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and offer advantag...
Fatty acid vesicles, or ufasomes, are spherical structures that encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules to the skin or other tissues. They are formed from both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and offer advantages over liposomes, including greater stability and a wider range of pH compatibility. They are composed of two layers of fatty acid molecules with their hydrocarbon tails facing inwards and their carboxylic groups facing outwards. The space between the two layers is filled with surfactants. There are various methods for characterizing and evaluating the properties of vesicles and drug-loaded vesicles, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, Dialysis, Franz diffusion cell, and stability testing. Each method provides specific information about the vesicles, such as their size, zeta potential, morphology, drug content, entrapment efficiency, drug release, permeability, and stability. Ufasomes have potential applications in topical/transdermal drug delivery as food additives, cosmetics, vaccines, gene therapy vectors, and diagnostic tools. Their ability to encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules makes them valuable in various fields, including drug delivery and biomedical research. In summary, fatty acid vesicles represent a versatile drug delivery system with potential applications in various fields.
Three-Dimensional Printing Technology for Medicines.
de Castro Moreira da Silva CD, Dos Santos Matos AP, Hecht Ortiz B … +2 more , Lifsitch Vicosa A, Ricci-Junior E
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38778615 · Publisher ↗
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Structures, Stability, and Cellular Uptake of Protein Nanoparticles (NP) and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs).
Morozova OV, Golubinskaya PA, Obraztsova EA … +2 more , Eremeev AV, Klinov DV
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38752637 · Publisher ↗
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A Biodegradable Nano-Drug Delivery Platform for Co-Delivery of Minocycline and Chitosan to Achieve Efficient and Safe Non-Surgical Periodontitis Therapy.
Yang J, Mou J, Ding K … +7 more , Zhu S, Sun Z, Cui Y, Meng S, Qiang G, Zhong W, Liu Z
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38706352 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are widely used as ideal nanovehicles for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the balance between high anti-periodontitis activity and low biotoxicity has...
INTRODUCTION: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are widely used as ideal nanovehicles for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the balance between high anti-periodontitis activity and low biotoxicity has been challenging to maintain in most relevant studies owing to the slow degradation of silica in living organisms. METHOD: In this study, responsive hydroxyapatite (HAP) was doped into the MSN skeleton, and the chemotherapeutic drug minocycline hydrochloride (MH) was loaded into the pores of MSN, forming a negatively charged drug delivery system. Cationic chitosan (COS) is a biodegradable material with high antibacterial performance and good biosafety. In this study, COS was immobilized on the surface of the drug-loaded particles through stable charge interaction to construct a composite drug delivery system (MH@MSNion@COS). RESULTS: In vitro and cellular experiments demonstrated effective degradation of the nanocarrier system and synchronized controlled release of the drug. Notably, compared with single MH administration, this system, in which MH and COS jointly regulated the expression levels of periodontitis- associated inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS), better inhibited the progress of periodontitis and induced tissue regeneration without showing significant toxic side effects in cells. CONCLUSION: This system provides a promising strategy for the design of intelligent, efficient, and safe anti-periodontitis drug delivery systems.
Lipid Nanoparticles as a Platform for miRNA and siRNA Delivery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Dogheim GM, Chinnam S, Amralla MT
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38698743 · Publisher ↗
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises 75-80% of liver cancer cases. Therapeutic strategies for HCC are available and have b...
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises 75-80% of liver cancer cases. Therapeutic strategies for HCC are available and have been shown to prolong survival but do not treat HCC. Gene expression and regulation are responsible for the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. Altering these genetic networks can impact cellular behaviors and in turn cure HCC. Single-stranded and double-stranded non-coding ribonucleic acid known as microRNA and small interfering RNA, respectively have been investigated as possible therapeutic options. Currently, efficient delivery systems that ensure cell-specific targeting and efficient transfection into tumor cells are still under investigation. Viral vectors have been studied extensively, but immunogenicity hinders their use as delivery systems. Non-viral vectors which include inorganic, lipid, or polymeric nanoparticles are promising delivery systems. However, there are a lot of challenges during the formulation of such systems to ensure efficient and specific delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies have investigated different lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver miRNA or siRNA. In this review, we highlight the role of LNPs as a delivery system for miRNA and siRNA in HCC in addition to the latest results achieved using this approach.
Applications of Inorganic Nanomaterials against Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review.
Dastidar DG, Roy A, Ghosh G … +1 more , Mandal S
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38693736 · Publisher ↗
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health threat, with millions of new infections recorded annually. Current treatment strategies, such as Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), face challenges, includi...
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health threat, with millions of new infections recorded annually. Current treatment strategies, such as Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), face challenges, including patient non-compliance and the emergence of drug-resistant TB strains. In response to these obstacles, innovative approaches utilizing inorganic/metallic nanomaterials have been developed to enhance drug delivery to target alveolar macrophages, where Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides. These nanomaterials have shown effectiveness against various strains of TB, offering benefits such as improved drug efficacy, minimized side effects, and sustained drug release at the infection site. This comprehensive review explores the applications of different metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and metal-metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles in the management of TB, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The synergistic effects of combining inorganic nanoparticles with conventional anti-TB drugs have demonstrated promising results in combating TB infections. Further research and development in this field hold great promise for overcoming the challenges faced in current TB therapy and improving patient outcomes.
Evaluation of Leaf Extract for its Antibacterial Properties, Mechanism of Action, and Corneal Ulcer Healing Effects in Rabbits' Eyes.
Bibi A, Dhanawat M, Aman S … +6 more , Chauhan S, Chalotra R, Mujwar S, Kaur N, Maivagna CH, Gupta S
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38638050 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods, snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has im...
BACKGROUND: is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods, snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has immense promising applications by offering antimicrobial and antibacterial activities for targeted uses. This validates the court of Hippocrates that let food be the medicine and medicine be the food for which moringa qualifies. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the antioxidant properties of antibacterial activity of hydro-ethanolic extract, and further investigate healing potential of for corneal ulcers and analysis. METHODS: To evaluate the antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial potency of the hydro-ethanolic extract of on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion assay. Furthermore, , healing response of extract was analysed on corneal ulcers induced in rabbit eyes infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS: The extract exhibited exponential antioxidant activity. antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay showing zone of inhibition ranging from 11.05 ± 0.36 to 20 ± 0.40 mm at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/ml, whereas, in our finding, no zone of inhibition was observed below 20 mg/ml concentration, which indicated that there is threshold limit below which the antibacterial activity of extract is not observed. Furthermore, continuous application of 3% and 5% extract (eye drop) four times a day for 14 consecutive days showed a significant healing response of the eyes of rabbits with corneal ulcers. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that extract could be a viable alternative or in combination could be used in existing antibacterial therapies for corneal ulcers. Additionally, there is a possibility of commercial formulation of extract in the form of deliverable pharmaceutical products; therefore, it should be explored further.
Gold Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis.
Gautam D, Pandit V, Kumar S … +2 more , Talwan P, Sharma T
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38629367 · Publisher ↗
Managing bacterial pathogens in the central nervous system is an immense issue for researchers all around the globe. The problem of these infections remains throughout the population, regardless of the discovery of sever...
Managing bacterial pathogens in the central nervous system is an immense issue for researchers all around the globe. The problem of these infections remains throughout the population, regardless of the discovery of several possible medicines. The major obstacle to drug delivery is the BBB, but only a few medicines that fulfill demanding requirements can penetrate it. Considering inadequate antibiotic alternatives and the increasing development of resistance, it is more important than ever to find new approaches to address this worldwide problem. Medical nanotechnology has evolved as a cutting-edge and effective means of treating many of the most difficult CNS illnesses, including bacterial meningitis. Various metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and titanium oxide, have shown bactericidal potential. Gold nanoparticles have gotten a great deal of interest due to their excellent biocompatibility, simplicity of surface modification, and optical qualities. The current study described AuNP-based detection and therapy options against meningitis-- causing bacteria, including bacterial pathogens' mechanisms for crossing BBB and AuNPs' mode of Action against those bacteria. The current study looked into green synthesized bactericidal gold nanoparticles-based therapy techniques for diagnosing and intervening in bacterial meningitis. Nevertheless, more research is needed before these laboratory findings can be translated into therapeutic trials. Nonetheless, we can confidently assert that the knowledge acquired and addressed in this study will benefit neuro-nanotechnology researchers.
An Epic Advancement in Targeting Macrophages for Cancer Therapy Approach.
Xiaohong L, Qiuxia F, Ruie L … +3 more , Daijie W, Muluh TA, Zhang Y
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38591208 · Publisher ↗
Macrophages are immune cells with high heterogeneity and plasticity, crucial for recognizing and eliminating foreign substances, including cancer cells. However, cancer cells can evade the immune system by producing sign...
Macrophages are immune cells with high heterogeneity and plasticity, crucial for recognizing and eliminating foreign substances, including cancer cells. However, cancer cells can evade the immune system by producing signals that cause macrophages to switch to a pro-tumor phenotype, promoting tumor growth and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages, which infiltrate into tumor tissue, are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and can regulate cancer's growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting tumor immunity. This review article highlights the characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages and their role in the occurrence and development of cancer. It outlines how reprogramming macrophages towards an anti-tumor phenotype can improve the response to cancer therapy. Explore the intricate process of engineered nanoparticles serving as carriers for immunostimulatory molecules, activating macrophages to instigate an anti-tumor response. Finally, it summarizes several studies demonstrating targeting macrophages is a potential in preclinical cancer models. Several challenges must be addressed in developing effective macrophage-targeted therapies, such as the heterogeneity of macrophage subtypes and their plasticity. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment and identify novel targets for macrophage-directed therapies. Targeting macrophages is a promising and innovative approach to improving cancer therapy and patient outcomes.
WITHDRAWN: Resveratrol-based Delivery Systems as Contemporary Nominees for Combating Pulmonary Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.
Ahmed S, Mansour M, Ishak RAH … +1 more , Mortada ND
Curr Drug Deliv · 2024 Feb · PMID 38549518 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn of the journal "Current Drug Delivery". Bentham Science apologizes...
UNLABELLED: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn of the journal "Current Drug Delivery". Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Preparation, Characterization, and Hepatoprotective Activity Evaluation of Quercetin-loaded Pluronic F127/Chitosan-Myristic Acid Mixed Micelles.
Telange DR, Kamdi S, Hemke AT … +3 more , Pethe AM, Lambole VB, Telrandhe UB
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38500282 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Quercetin (QTN) is a flavonol antioxidant found in foods, medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. QTN oral consumption produces several biological effects, including antioxidant, cardioprotective...
BACKGROUND: Quercetin (QTN) is a flavonol antioxidant found in foods, medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. QTN oral consumption produces several biological effects, including antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, anti-hypertensive, and chemo preventive. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to prepare Pluronic®F127/chitosan-myristic acid copolymer (PF127/C-MAc)-based mixed micelles (QTN MM) to improve the biopharmaceutical and hepatoprotective potential of QTN. METHODS: QTN MM was developed employing thin-film hydration and optimized using full factorial design (FFD). Optimized QTN MM was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), in vitro dissolution, permeation, and antioxidant activity in carbon tetrachloride (CCL)-induced albino rats. RESULTS: PF127/C-MAc ratio (1:1) with CMC value ~ 5 μg/mL showed the suitability for MM. Characterization supported the formation of MM. QTN MM revealed prominent encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of about ~ 95.10% and ~ 12.28% w/w, respectively. MM spherical shape of QTN with a smaller particle size of ~ 34.08 nm and a higher zeta potential of ~ 36.24 nm indicated excellent physical stability. Dissolution and permeation results revealed higher dissolution and permeation of QTN MM compared to QTN and PM. In vivo antioxidant activity suggested that QTN MM at (~ 20 mg/kg, p.o.) restored the enhanced marker enzyme level compared to QTN. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that developed QTN MM could be used as an alternative nanocarrier to increase the biopharmaceutical and hepatoprotective potential of QTN and other flavonoids.
Advances in Aerosol Formulation for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents from Nose to Brain.
Verma S, Sharma PK, Malviya R
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38445697 · Publisher ↗
The intricate anatomical and physiological barriers that prohibit pharmaceuticals from entering the brain continue to provide a noteworthy hurdle to the efficient distribution of medications to brain tissues. These barri...
The intricate anatomical and physiological barriers that prohibit pharmaceuticals from entering the brain continue to provide a noteworthy hurdle to the efficient distribution of medications to brain tissues. These barriers prevent the movement of active therapeutic agents into the brain. The present manuscript aims to describe the various aspects of brain-targeted drug delivery through the nasal route. The primary transport mechanism for drug absorption from the nose to the brain is the paracellular/extracellular mechanism, which allows for rapid drug transfer. The transcellular/intracellular pathway involves the transfer across a lipoidal channel, which regulates the entry or exit of anions, organic cations, and peptides. Spectroscopy and PET (positron emission tomography) are two common methods used for assessing drug distribution. MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) is another imaging method used to assess the efficacy of aerosol drug delivery from nose to brain. It can identify emphysema, drug-induced harm, mucus discharge, oedema, and vascular remodeling. The olfactory epithelium's position in the nasal cavity makes it difficult for drugs to reach the desired target. Bi-directional aerosol systems and tools like the "OptiNose" can help decrease extranasal particle deposition and increase particle deposition efficiency in the primary nasal pathway. Direct medicine administration from N-T-B, however, can reduce the dose administered and make it easier to attain an effective concentration at the site of activity, and it has the potential to be commercialized.
Recent Trends and Applications of Nanostructure-based Drug Delivery in Alleviating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Nagar L, Gulati N, Saini A … +6 more , Singh SK, Gupta G, MacLoughlin R, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Dureja H
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38445696 · Publisher ↗
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a chronic lung disease that causes breathing difficulties and obstructs airflow from the lungs, has a significant global health burden and affects millions of people worldwid...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a chronic lung disease that causes breathing difficulties and obstructs airflow from the lungs, has a significant global health burden and affects millions of people worldwide. The use of pharmaceuticals in COPD treatment is aimed to alleviate symptoms, improve lung function, prevent exacerbations, and enhance the overall quality of life for patients. Nanotechnology holds great promise to alleviate the burden of COPD. The main goal of this review is to present the full spectrum of therapeutics based on nanostructures for the treatment and management of COPD, including nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, and niosomes. Nanotechnology is just one of the many areas of research that may contribute to the development of more effective and personalized treatment modalities for COPD patients in the future. Future studies may be focused on enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of nanocarriers by conducting extensive mechanistic investigations to translate current scientific knowledge for the effective management of COPD with little or no adverse effects.
Volatile Oil of Pamp. for Transnasal Administration: Its Preparation, Characterization, and Mechanism of Action in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.
Guo Q, Wang X, Wang Y … +2 more , Zhou P, Zhang X
Curr Drug Deliv · 2024 · PMID 38441019 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic nasal condition usually caused by allergens. The immune system overreacts when the body is exposed to allergens, releasing a lot of tissue chemicals that cause conge...
BACKGROUND: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic nasal condition usually caused by allergens. The immune system overreacts when the body is exposed to allergens, releasing a lot of tissue chemicals that cause congestion, more secretions, and an inflammatory reaction in the nasal mucosa. METHOD: In clinical practice, it remains a significant public health issue. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Magnolia Volatile Oil (MVO) has good anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and other pharmacological effects. Previous research and literature reports have reported that MVO has good therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis. However, due to the poor water solubility of Magnolia, its bioavailability is low. The purpose of this present work is to develop a new microemulsion formulation to improve the stability and bioavailability of MVO. RESULTS: The droplet size, PDI, and zeta potential of Magnolia volatile oil microemulsion (MVOME) were characterized along with its physical characteristics, and these values were found to be 14.270.03 nm, 0.09410.31, and -0.35850.12 mV, respectively, demonstrating the successful formation of microemulsion. In OVA-induced AR rats, MVO-ME dramatically reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 inflammatory factors. In addition, MVO-ME significantly inhibited the expression of protein levels of PPAR-γ and P65 in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. In this regard, we hypothesized that MVO-ME may play a therapeutic role in AR by activating the PPAR signaling pathway as well as inhibiting the activation of the NF/κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: MVO-ME has systematic advantages, such as high solubility, bioavailability, etc. It is expected to be an efficient nano-drug delivery system for the clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Review of Phytosomes and Ethosomes: Groundbreaking Approaches for Delivering the Phytochemical Components of Plants.
Raghav A, Attri M, Chaudhary H
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38425111 · Publisher ↗
Phytoconstituents have been widely used since ancient times to form a complex with phospholipids due to their various therapeutic actions. Despite having strong pharmacodynamic efficiency, numerous phytoconstituents have...
Phytoconstituents have been widely used since ancient times to form a complex with phospholipids due to their various therapeutic actions. Despite having strong pharmacodynamic efficiency, numerous phytoconstituents have shown lower bioavailability and few adverse effects. Phytochemicals soluble in water exhibit poor absorption, leading to a limited therapeutic impact. Phytosome nanotechnology overcomes this limitation by creating a bound of phytochemicals with phospholipids. This method exhibits improved absorption because phytosomes inhibit significant herbal extract components from being degraded by gastric juices and gut flora. This improves bioavailability, increases clinical benefit, and ensures delivery to tissues without compromising nutritional stability. This review also aims to highlight those vesicular systems that could be used in phytosome technology. Additionally, this review highlights the preparation, advantage, characterization, applications, and recent development of phytosome and ethosome with a list of recent patents and marketed formulations and their uses.
Targeted Bacterial Keratitis Treatment with Polyethylene Glycol-Dithiothreitol-Boric Acid Hydrogel and Gatifloxacin.
Shen X, Huang C, Bai J … +1 more , Wen J
Curr Drug Deliv · 2024 · PMID 38425110 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: To prolong the ocular residence time of gatifloxacin and enhance its efficacy against bacterial keratitis, this study developed a velocity-controlled polyethylene glycol-dithiothreitol-boric acid...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: To prolong the ocular residence time of gatifloxacin and enhance its efficacy against bacterial keratitis, this study developed a velocity-controlled polyethylene glycol-dithiothreitol-boric acid (PDB) hydrogel loaded with gatifloxacin. METHODS: First, the basic properties of the synthesized PDB hydrogel and the gatifloxacin-loaded PDB hydrogel were assessed. Secondly, the degradation rate of the drug-loaded PDB was measured in a simulated body fluid environment with pH 7.4/5.5. The release behavior of the drug-loaded PDB was studied using a dialysis method with PBS solution of pH 7.4/5.5 as the release medium. Finally, a mouse model of bacterial keratitis was established, and tissue morphology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, mouse tear fluid was extracted to observe the antibacterial effect of the gatifloxacin-loaded PDB hydrogel. RESULTS: The results showed that the PDB hydrogel had a particle size of 124.9 nm and a zeta potential of -23.3 mV, with good porosity, thermosensitivity, viscosity distribution, rheological properties, and high cell compatibility. The encapsulation of gatifloxacin did not alter the physical properties of the PDB hydrogel and maintained appropriate swelling and stability, with a high drug release rate in acidic conditions. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the gatifloxacin- loaded PDB hydrogel exhibited superior therapeutic effects compared to gatifloxacin eye drops and displayed strong antibacterial capabilities against bacterial keratitis. CONCLUSION: This study successfully synthesized PDB hydrogel and developed a gatifloxacin drug release system. The hydrogel exhibited good thermosensitivity, pH responsiveness, stability, and excellent biocompatibility, which can enhance drug retention, utilization, and therapeutic effects on the ocular surface.
An Enzyme-responsive Porphyrin Metal-organic Framework Nanosystem for Targeted and Enhanced Synergistic Cancer Photo-chemo Therapy.
Yi M, Lin Y, Li Y … +4 more , Xiong B, Huang Y, Guo W, Lu B
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38424427 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The clinical efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with chemotherapy has proven to be a promising strategy for tumor treatment, yet is restricted by the high glutathione (GSH) concentration...
BACKGROUND: The clinical efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with chemotherapy has proven to be a promising strategy for tumor treatment, yet is restricted by the high glutathione (GSH) concentration at the tumor site and nonspecific drug targeting. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the current research was to create a biocompatible GSH-depleting and tumor- targeting nanoparticle (denoted as DOX/CA@PCN-224@HA) for the combined photodynamic and chemo photo-chemo) therapy. METHODS: The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A UV-vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the drug loading efficiency (DE) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The GSH-depleting ability was measured using Ellman's test. Confocal laser scan microscopy (CLSM) was used to assess the cellular uptake. MTT was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of DOX/CA@PCN-224@HA against 4T1 cells. RESULTS: The altered PCN-224 showed excellent monodispersing with a dimension of approximately 193 nm ± 2 nm in length and 79 nm ± 3 nm in width. The larger and spindle grid-like structure of PCN-224 obtains better dual-drug loading ability (DOX: 20.58% ± 2.60%, CA: 21.81% ± 1.98%) compared with other spherical PCN-224 nanoparticles. The ultimate cumulative drug release rates with hyaluronidase (HAase) were 74% ± 1% (DOX) and 45% ± 2% (CA) after 72 h. DOX/CA@PCN-224@HA showed GSH-consuming capability, which could improve the PDT effect. The drug-loaded nanoparticles could accurately target 4T1 cells through biological evaluations. Moreover, the released DOX and CA display cooperative effects on 4T1 cells . DOX/CA@PCN-224@HA nanoparticles showed inhibition against 4T1 cells with an IC value of 2.71 μg mL. CONCLUSION: This nanosystem displays great potential for tumor-targeted enhanced (photo-chemo) therapy.
Current Progress and Emerging Role of Essential Oils in Drug Delivery Therapeutics.
Sultana R, Mohanto S, Bhunia A … +7 more , Biswas A, Akhtar MS, Mishra V, Modi D, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala M, Faiyazuddin M
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38409707 · Publisher ↗
The utilization of novel drug delivery systems loaded with essential oils has gained significant attention as a promising approach for biomedical applications in recent years. Plants possess essential oils that exhibit v...
The utilization of novel drug delivery systems loaded with essential oils has gained significant attention as a promising approach for biomedical applications in recent years. Plants possess essential oils that exhibit various medicinal properties, i.e., anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti- inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, etc., due to the presence of various phytoconstituents, including terpenes, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and esters. An understanding of conventional and advanced extraction techniques of essential oils (EOs) from several plant sources is further required before considering or loading EOs into drug delivery systems. Therefore, this article summarizes the various extraction techniques of EOs and their existing limitations. The in-built biological applications of EOs are of prerequisite importance for treating several diseases. Thus, the mechanisms of action of EOs for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial activities, etc., have been further explored in this article. The encapsulation of essential oils in micro or nanometric systems is an intriguing technique to render adequate stability to the thermosensitive compounds and shield them against environmental factors that might cause chemical degradation. Thus, the article further summarizes the advanced drug delivery approaches loaded with EOs and current challenges in the future outlook of EOs for biomedical applications.
Transfersomes: Recent Advances, Mechanisms, Exhaustive Applications, Clinical Trials, and Patents.
Manchanda D, Makhija M, Pandey P … +1 more , Sharma M
Curr Drug Deliv · 2025 · PMID 38385485 · Publisher ↗
A feasible nano transdermal delivery system generally intends to have specific ideal and distinct characteristics primarily for safety, clinical efficacy, and boosted therapeutic index. The delivery of drugs, particularl...
A feasible nano transdermal delivery system generally intends to have specific ideal and distinct characteristics primarily for safety, clinical efficacy, and boosted therapeutic index. The delivery of drugs, particularly macromolecules, across the skin is one of the most strenuous obstacles in front of pharmaceutical scientists. Technology advancement has provided some opportunities to overcome this difficulty by utilising microneedle arrays, ablation, laser methods etc. However, associated uneasiness, painful sensation, and higher cost of therapies limit their day-today use. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing alternate carriers like ultra-deformable liposomes, also termed transfersomes. Transfersomes are composed of a lipid bilayer containing phospholipids and an edge activator to facilitate drug delivery via transdermal route to deeper layers of skin and for higher systemic bioavailability. The bilayer structure of transfersomes allows ease of encapsulation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs with higher permeability than typical liposomes. Therefore, among various vesicular systems, transfersomes have developed much interest in targeted and sustained drug delivery. The current review primarily emphasizes critical aspects of transfersomes, including their applications, clinical trial studies, and patents found in various literature sources.
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