Med Sci Monit Basic Res [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
FLT3 Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Northeast Thailand.
Ei Ei Aung N, Yamsri S, Teawtrakul N … +2 more , Kamsaen P, Fucharoen S
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Nov · PMID 36542496 · Full text
BACKGROUND Mutations in the FLT3 gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 mutations have been identified in approximately 30% of de novo AML patients, particularly those with typical karyotype and infe...
BACKGROUND Mutations in the FLT3 gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3 mutations have been identified in approximately 30% of de novo AML patients, particularly those with typical karyotype and inferior prognosis. Therefore, we examined the frequencies of an internal tandem duplication (ITD) and missense mutations of the FLT3 gene and their associated clinical characteristics in patients with AML in northeast Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHODS The leftover bone marrow and/or peripheral blood specimens of 65 newly diagnosed AML patients recruited from Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, northeast Thailand, between January 2020 and May 2021 were included in this study. FLT3-ITD and FLT3- tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) were amplified using PCR-related techniques. RESULTS The frequencies of FLT3-ITD and TKD were found to be 16.9% (11/65) and 10.8% (7/65), respectively. One patient had ITD and TKD mutations. The white blood cell count and peripheral blast percentage of FLT3-ITD-positive patients were statistically significantly higher than those of the FLT3-wild type patients, while the peripheral blast percentage of FLT3-TKD-positive patients was significantly lower. No other clinical characteristics among FLT3-positive and FLT3-wild-type patients were observed. DNA sequencing identified 4 FLT3-TKD mutations. The c.2504A>T; Asp835Val and c.2503G>C; Asp835His mutations were predicted as pathogenic mutations while the 2 novel mutations, c.2508C>A; Ile836= and c.2508C>G; Ile836Met were predicted as neutral mutations. CONCLUSIONS This study showed for the first time that FLT3-TKD mutation is common among northeast Thai AML patients. The data should prove useful for selecting efficacious targeted treatment plans for the patients.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Dental Cement Materials on Growth of Different Bacterial Strains.
Lila-Krasniqi ZD, Bajrami Halili R, Hamza V … +1 more , Krasniqi S
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Nov · PMID 36394828 · Full text
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of dental cement materials for the prevention of bacterial growth, which can cause failure of fixed cementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We de...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of dental cement materials for the prevention of bacterial growth, which can cause failure of fixed cementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed an agar diffusion disk test in-house to evaluate the antibacterial properties of 3 commercially available dental cement materials (Ketac, Harvard FLB, and Panavia SA Universal Dual Resin cements) compared with a negative control. The materials were tested for the inhibition against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 10449), Streptoccocus salivarius (ATCC 25975), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and Lactobacilus acidophilus (ATCC 4356). The antimicrobial effectiveness of materials was expressed as the diameters of the inhibition zones around the disk. RESULTS Overall, 240 specimens were tested. All cement materials showed antimicrobial effectiveness. Different microbial strains reacted differently to the different dental cements (all P.
Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Migration Inhibition, and Autophagy-Induced by Crude Ricin from Ricinus communis Seeds in A549 Lung Cancer Cell Lines.
Herawati IE, Lesmana R, Levita J … +1 more , Subarnas A
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Jul · PMID 35849510 · Full text
BACKGROUND Ricin protein derived from Ricinus communis seeds is known to have a high toxicity to humans and animals. Several studies revealed that ricin, belonging to ribosome inactivating protein-I, has cytotoxic proper...
BACKGROUND Ricin protein derived from Ricinus communis seeds is known to have a high toxicity to humans and animals. Several studies revealed that ricin, belonging to ribosome inactivating protein-I, has cytotoxic properties against various types of cancer cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS Crude ricin (CR) from the seeds of R. communis was investigated for its cytotoxicity on the A549 cancer cell lines using the MTS assay, and the cell death mechanism was explored using flow cytometry and Western blot methods. The cell migration was measured using a scratch/wound-healing method and the autophagy activity was explored using Western blotting. RESULTS CR showed cytotoxicity against A549 cancer cell lines, with an IC₅₀ of 40.94 ppm. CR induced apoptosis and necrosis, but apoptosis occurred more frequently than necrosis. Apoptosis induced by CR was mediated by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. CR inhibited cell migration in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with the highest effect occurred at the concentration of 1.0 ppm. The autophagic experiment showed that CR inhibited autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells by decreasing Beclin-1 levels while increasing Atg5 levels in a concentration-dependent manner and CR decreased LC3-II level while increasing p62 level. Cisplatin treatment also inhibited autophagy as it exhibited the same effect on those autophagic proteins as CR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CR might be a potential candidate for anticancer drugs, but further study is needed to verify its anticancer properties.
Evaluation of Apical Leakage After Root Canal Obturation with Glass Ionomer, Resin, and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Sealers Combined with Thermafil.
Vula V, Stavileci M, Ajeti N … +3 more , Vula V, Kuçi A, Meqa K
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Jun · PMID 35771493 · Full text
BACKGROUND A hermetic seal at the apical terminus is required for healthy periradicular tissue. Root canal obturation sealers that are used in endodontics are based on zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, resins, glass...
BACKGROUND A hermetic seal at the apical terminus is required for healthy periradicular tissue. Root canal obturation sealers that are used in endodontics are based on zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, resins, glass ionomers, silicone, or bioceramics, but no optimal sealer material has been identified to date. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate apical leakage after crown-down preparation and root canal obturation with Endomethasone N, glass ionomer cement, and EndoRez sealers. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this in vitro study, we tested 92 extracted human teeth, which were divided into 3 groups after a preparation technique and obturation with Endomethasone N sealer, glass ionomer cement, and EndoRez sealer in combination with Thermafil obturator. Apical leakage was evaluated and compared among the tested groups using a dye leakage method through a stereomicroscope. The values were measured from the apex to the coronal extent of dye penetration. For statistical analysis, the t test was used for comparison of the arithmetic averages of tested groups. RESULTS After preparation with rotary files, tested groups obturated with Thermafil obturator in combination with Endomethasone sealer showed higher average dye penetration than tested groups obturated with EndoRez and glass ionomer sealer. CONCLUSIONS Although all experimental groups showed dye leakage, the glass ionomer sealer in combination with Thermafil showed the least leakage, compared with EndoRez and Endomethason N.
Comparison of Sealing Abilities Among Zinc Oxide Eugenol Root-Canal Filling Cement, Antibacterial Bioceramic Paste, and Epoxy Resin, using Enterococcus faecalis as a Microbial Tracer.
Kelmendi T, Koçani F, Kurti A … +2 more , Kamberi B, Kamberi A
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Jun · PMID 35771490 · Full text
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare sealing abilities among 3 root canal sealers, using Enterococcus faecalis as a microbial tracer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-six straight single-rooted teeth were subjected to crown...
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare sealing abilities among 3 root canal sealers, using Enterococcus faecalis as a microbial tracer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-six straight single-rooted teeth were subjected to crown removal at the cementoenamel junction. Root canals were instrumented using the crown-down technique. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 22 teeth each, according to the sealer used: Canason zinc oxide eugenol root-canal filling cement, Well-Root ST antibacterial bioceramic paste, and AH 26 epoxy resin. Root canals were obturated using the lateral condensation technique, then stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week to allow sealers to set completely. Subsequently, bacterial leakage was tested using a 2-chamber method. Twice weekly, fresh E. faecalis was placed into the coronal portion of the filled root canal. Specimens were monitored at 24-h intervals for 33 days. The number of leaking samples and mean interval until leakage were compared among groups. RESULTS The mean intervals until leakage were 5.8 days in the Canason group, 1.5 days in the Well-Root ST group, and 13.3 days in the AH 26 group. These mean intervals significantly differed between the Canason and Well-Root ST groups (P=0.035) and between the AH 26 and Well-Root ST groups (P=0.012). After 33 days, survival rates were 31.8% in the Canason group, 90.9% in the Well-Root ST group, and 68.2% in the AH 26 group (P.
Calcitriol Inhibits Proliferation and Potentially Induces Apoptosis in B16-F10 Cells.
Sutedja EK, Amarassaphira D, Goenawan H … +7 more , Susanti Pratiwi Y, Sylviana N, Setiabudiawan B, Suwarsa O, Tina Dewi Judistiani R, Supratman U, Lesmana R
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 May · PMID 35642437 · Full text
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and it has shown a remarkable surge in incidence during the last 50 years. Melanoma has been projected to be continuously rising in the future. Therapy fo...
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and it has shown a remarkable surge in incidence during the last 50 years. Melanoma has been projected to be continuously rising in the future. Therapy for advanced-type melanoma is still a challenge due to the low response rate and poor 10-year survival. Interestingly, several epidemiological and preclinical studies had reported that vitamin D deficiency was associated with disease progression in several cancer types. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, apoptosis, and differentiation induction effects of calcitriol in various cancers. However, information on the effects of calcitriol (1,25(OH)₂D₃) on melanoma is still limited, and its mechanism remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, by utilizing B16-F10 cells, which is a melanoma cell line, we explored the anti-proliferative effect of calcitriol using cell viability assay, near-infrared imaging, expression of apoptosis-related genes using real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and the expression of apoptosis proteins levels using western blot. In addition, we also assessed calcitriol uptake by B16-F10 cells using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS We found that calcitriol inhibits melanoma cell proliferation with an IC₅₀ of 93.88 ppm (0.24 μM), as shown by cell viability assay. Additionally, we showed that B16-F10 cells are capable of calcitriol uptake, with a peak uptake time at 60 min after administration. Calcitriol was also able to induce apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-3, caspase 8, and caspase-9. These effects of calcitriol reflect its potential utility as a potent adjuvant therapy for melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Calcitriol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in B16-F10 cells.
Case-Control Study to Evaluate the Oral Hygiene Habits in 31 Children with Hemophilia in Bulgaria Using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) Questionnaire.
Mandova VD, Stefanov RS
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Apr · PMID 35478183 · Full text
BACKGROUND For patients with hereditary coagulopathies such as hemophilia, the most common dental problem is spontaneous oral bleeding caused by daily oral hygiene habits like tooth brushing. Because of fear of bleeding,...
BACKGROUND For patients with hereditary coagulopathies such as hemophilia, the most common dental problem is spontaneous oral bleeding caused by daily oral hygiene habits like tooth brushing. Because of fear of bleeding, children with hemophilia often skip routine oral hygiene procedures, which can lead to dental caries and periodontal diseases. This case control study aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene awareness and hygiene practices of children with hemophilia from 6 to 18 years of age in Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted over 4 years and included 31 patients (children). A sociological approach was used, with direct individual questionnaires for self-assessment of dental habits. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups in methods of oral hygiene. The duration of oral hygiene procedures was 1 min (n=5, 16.13±6.61%) or 2 min (n=13, 41.94±8.86%), which was considered insufficient for proper oral hygiene. Children who had received oral hygiene advice by a dentist brushed their teeth significantly longer (n=9, 69.23±12.80%) than those who had not. There was a considerable difference between the reasons for the last dental visit between the groups of children (χ²=5.18, P.
Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Conditioned Medium of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ATMSC)-Treated Fresh Frozen Plasma.
Laksmitawati DR, Widowati W, Noverina R … +8 more , Ayuningtyas W, Kurniawan D, Kusuma HSW, Afifah E, Rinendyaputri R, Rilianawati R, Faried A, Susilarini NK
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Mar · PMID 35318298 · Full text
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the body's first response to an illness that causes irritation or infection. Inflammation is tightly correlated with aging, which is a progressive degenerative process. Conditioned medium (CM)...
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the body's first response to an illness that causes irritation or infection. Inflammation is tightly correlated with aging, which is a progressive degenerative process. Conditioned medium (CM) from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-ATMSCs) has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and dermal fibroblast migration, as well as reduce wrinkles and improve wound healing. This study aimed to observe the production of inflammatory modulators - interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) - in CM-ATMSCs treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) at passages 3 (P3), 7, 11, and 15. MATERIAL AND METHODS ATMSCs P3 were obtained from liposuction of female donors, and the CM from ATMSCs was collected. Measurement of these cytokines was performed with ELISA. RESULTS At many passages, IL-6, a proinflammatory modulator, was discovered to be the most powerful modulator among FFP- and non-FFP-treated cells. However, CM-ATMSCs treated with FFP and in the late passage have significant differences (P<0.05) compared to non-FFP treatments and in other passages in their effects on secretion of inflammatory modulators. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CM-ATMSC has the potential to secrete proinflammatory modulators.
Degree of Myopia and Reduced Physical Activity in 3600 College Students in China.
Zhao X, Zhang Y
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Feb · PMID 35153294 · Full text
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the degree of myopia and reduced physical activity in 3600 college students in China between 2018 and 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 3600 participants (1742 men and...
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the degree of myopia and reduced physical activity in 3600 college students in China between 2018 and 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 3600 participants (1742 men and 1858 women) aged 19 to 23 years from a Chinese college. The distribution of the levels of eyesight associated with physical exercise was assessed using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart measurement method. RESULTS The rates of myopia of students enrolled students in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 84.31%, 87.22%, and 89.17%, respectively, which showed an increasing trend (P<0.01). For the students starting in 2018, the rate of myopia showed an upward trend in their 3 years of college (P<0.01). The incidence of myopia was significantly different during the academic year between students who participated and did not participate in sports clubs (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study showed that between 2018 and 2020 there was a high prevalence of myopia in college students in China, which increased annually and was associated with reduced physical activity while at college. These findings may have public health implications for improving physical activity in this population. Physical exercise could effectively prevent the occurrence of myopia, improve the visual status of students, and alleviate the decline of vision.
Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over the Primary Motor Cortex (M1) Enhances Motor Response Inhibition and Visual Recognition Memory.
Bashir S, Bamugaddam A, Alasheikh M … +8 more , Alhassan T, Alhaidar S, Almutairi AK, Alfaleh M, Al-Regaiey K, Al Zahrani SS, Albaiji BA, Abualait T
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2022 Jan · PMID 35034949 · Full text
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain modulatory technique that can boost cognitive processes and alter performance in cognitive tasks. The effect of anodal-tDCS on cognitive f...
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain modulatory technique that can boost cognitive processes and alter performance in cognitive tasks. The effect of anodal-tDCS on cognitive functions following a single session has been repeatedly reported. However, results are varied, mixed, and confounded by several factors, including differences in tDCS current intensity and sham conditions used. Therefore, we assessed the effect of a single session of anodal-tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) on cognitive functions, particularly response inhibitory control and visual recognition memory, in healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty healthy male subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled tDCS study (2 mA, for 20 min). In the sham stimulation, subjects received the same intensity (2 mA, for 30 s, ramped up, then ramped down). We assessed the cognitive functions response inhibitory control and visual recognition memory using the stop signal task (SST) and pattern recognition memory (PRM) task before and after the stimulation. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in cognitive function as assessed by the stop signal task go trial (SST) (P=0.019) and SST correct response time on go trials (P=0.04) after real stimulation only. There was no significant effect observed in sham condition. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that anodal-tDCS applied over M1 improves inhibitory control and visual recognition memory compared to sham stimulation. Thus, application of anodal-tDCS to the M1, as an integral node in inhibitory motor control, might be a promising adjuvant therapeutic intervention for modulation of motor response inhibition.
A National Cross-Sectional Study from the Republic of Kosovo on Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) to Evaluate the Vaccination Status of Children Between 12 and 24 Months of Age During 2018 to 2020.
Gllareva BB, Humolli I, Rudhani I … +5 more , Jakupi X, Rexhepi J, Metaj T, Kafexholli A, Sopi V
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Dec · PMID 34955529 · Full text
BACKGROUND In the Republic of Kosovo, full vaccination status in children under age 2 years includes: 1 dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine; 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, h...
BACKGROUND In the Republic of Kosovo, full vaccination status in children under age 2 years includes: 1 dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine; 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-HB-IPV-Hib) vaccine; 3 doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV); and 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) is a method used to assess the performance of health quality indicators. MATERIAL AND METHODS A national cross-sectional study with children aged between 12 and 24 months from Kosovo was performed between 2018 and 2020. The vaccination status of children was assessed with lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) using randomized samples. RESULTS Among 430 children, more than 90% had completed the full immunization schedule. Delays in children's immunizations were observed. Most vaccinations showed short delays of less than 1 month, followed by delays of up to 3 months. The main reason for vaccination delay was the COVID-19 pandemic, following by child's illness at the scheduled time of vaccination or the parents were too busy to take the child to the vaccination site. Meanwhile, child age was the only parameter that showed difference among non-vaccinated and fully vaccinated (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS LQAS analysis showed that between 2018 and 2020 lack of full immunization was due to delay caused by the parent not taking the child to the vaccination site, which may be prevented by improving information given to parents and the use of vaccination reminders.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections: Influence of National Health Care Policies and Local Clinical Practices.
Lekskulchai V
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Nov · PMID 34719666 · Full text
BACKGROUND Because reliable epidemiological data are necessary to eliminate hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections, factors influencing their prevalence should be determined. This study aimed to disclose practi...
BACKGROUND Because reliable epidemiological data are necessary to eliminate hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections, factors influencing their prevalence should be determined. This study aimed to disclose practical issues that affect the prevalence of these viral infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS All medical records with laboratory findings during 2016 to 2018 were reviewed, and all relevant data were extracted. All HBV and HCV infections were followed within these 3 years and investigated in detail. RESULTS The total number of records was 103 197, with a male to female ratio of 1: 1.4. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was tested in 12 934 cases, with a male to female ratio of 1: 2.6. Anti-HCV antibody (anti-HCV Ab) testing was done in 475 cases (53% male). The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was 5.2% and 4.4%, respectively. Chronic HBV and HCV infections and their life-threatening complication, liver cancer, were highly detected in men aged 41-60 years. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg was highly screened in women owing to the nationwide implementation of the universal HBsAg screening in pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission. Screening for anti-HCV Ab was neglected, probably due to lack of vaccine and high costs of anti-HCV drugs, which most people in low- to middle-income countries generally cannot afford. Local practices under national health care policies and limited budget and resources can cause underestimation of the prevalence of the HBV and HCV infections and persistent transmission of these viruses owing to unidentified cases.
Electroacupuncture Inhibits Myelin Sheath Injury in the Internal Capsule After Focal Cerebral Infarction in Rats Through the Nogo-A/NgR Signaling Pathway.
Dong W, Miao H, Li H … +1 more , Wu F
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Oct · PMID 34593748 · Full text
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is usually accompanied by white matter damage. The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ameliorating white matter damage is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the precise m...
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is usually accompanied by white matter damage. The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ameliorating white matter damage is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the precise mechanism of EA in treating ischemic white matter. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, the sham-operated group, model group, and EA group. The stroke model was established by right middle cerebral artery occlusion, and EA was performed 24 h after the operation for 30 min per day. After 14 days of treatment, brain tissue samples were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin and Luxol fast blue staining were used to observe the changes of white matter damage in the internal capsule (IC). The expression levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), Nogo-A, and Nogo-A receptor (NgR) were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had decreased expression of MBP and significantly increased expression of Nogo-A and NgR (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the IC damage was alleviated in the EA group. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that EA significantly increased the expression of MBP in white matter (P<0.05) and downregulated the expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that EA can inhibit the expression of Nogo-A/NgR and promote myelin sheath regeneration.
Size of Acute Myocardial Infarction Correlates with Earlier Time of Initiation of Reperfusion Therapy with Cardiac Perfusion Scintigraphy: A National Single-Center Study.
Çitaku H, Miftari R, Stubljar D … +1 more , Krasniqi X
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Sep · PMID 34511594 · Full text
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the size of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the time of initiation of reperfusion therapy with cardiac perfusion scintigraphy. MATERIAL AND...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the size of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the time of initiation of reperfusion therapy with cardiac perfusion scintigraphy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall, 80 patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were examined. All patients were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Data on patient and system delay expressed in minutes were recorded and compared with recommended timelines. Cardiac scintigraphy was performed with 99m Tc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The median time of cardiac scintigraphy was 20 days. The correlation between the size of infarction and the time of initiation of reperfusion therapy was evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 60.5±11.5 years, and 72.5% were male. The average system delay was 348 min, and the average patient delay was 173 min. The mean total ischemic time was 800 min. There was a correlation between time delays of reperfusion therapy and infarct size. Patients with a shorter time delay to patent artery after FMC showed smaller infarct size when compared to the patients with longer delay times. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FMC, being male, and smokers had statistical significance when predicting infarct size. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between the size of myocardial infarction and the time of initiation of reperfusion therapy determined by perfusion myocardial scintigraphy. The study showed that there are time delays in starting the treatment of AMI with pPCI when compared to the recommended time, which requires an action plan in the near future to ensure earlier treatment for our patients.
Influence of Severe Thoracic Trauma on Choosing the Correct Surgical Strategy in Patients with Polytrauma from Kosovo.
Demaçi S, Maliqi S, Çuperjani F … +7 more , Behluli A, Selimi F, Gradica F, Bruçi B, Jukic T, Stubljar D, Aliu X
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Aug · PMID 34421114 · Full text
BACKGROUND Severe thoracic trauma (TT) has a significant impact on the selection of treatment strategy in patients with polytrauma. Our aim was to assess the impact of severe TT on choosing the optimal surgical procedure...
BACKGROUND Severe thoracic trauma (TT) has a significant impact on the selection of treatment strategy in patients with polytrauma. Our aim was to assess the impact of severe TT on choosing the optimal surgical procedure to decrease mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall, 66 patients with polytrauma and significant TT were analyzed. Demographic data, trauma history, admittance imaging, injury details, injury severity scores, conservative treatment, surgical treatment, days of hospital stay, and mortality data were gathered. Frequencies of thoracic surgical procedures and other treatments were collected and compared with those in the literature. RESULTS All patients had Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores of thorax >3. Injuries to extremities and/or the osseous pelvis accounted for 50% of injuries; 47.0% included the head and/or neck; 45.5% were external injuries; and 27.3% were abdominal injuries or included pelvic organs and/or lumbar spine. Mean prehospital time was 40.3 min. Mean time from trauma occurrence to tertiary treatment was 125 min. Blunt TT (BTT) was recorded in 59 patients (89.4%), and penetrant TT (PTT) was recorded in 7 patients (10.6%). Thoracic drainage, urgent thoracotomy and laparotomy were recorded procedures. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of all patients was 31.17. Nine patients died (13.6%) and had BTT with a mean ISS of 48.44. The Trauma Injury Severity Score for BTT injuries was 77.08% and for PTT, 85.6%. CONCLUSIONS Factors that decreased hospital stay and mortality and increased survival included arriving in time after injury, aggressive reanimation/intensive care, and mandatory thoracic surgical procedure combined with laparotomy.
Disinfection of Infected Artificial Dental Periapical Lesions with Diode Laser: An In Vitro Study.
Bytyqi A, Aliu X, Barani M … +4 more , Stubljar D, Jukic T, Starc A, Krasniqi S
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Jul · PMID 34369916 · Full text
BACKGROUND Periapical lesions are primarily caused by infections in the root canals. The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of diode laser during root canal treatment in artificial mode...
BACKGROUND Periapical lesions are primarily caused by infections in the root canals. The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of diode laser during root canal treatment in artificial models of infected periapical lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty-two extracted premolar single-rooted teeth were inserted into methyl methacrylate artificial models of periapical lesions, and bacterial solutions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49456) were then applied to the models. The respective diameters of lesions in the artificial models represented 3 different subgroups based on lesion size. The laser protocol used for endodontic disinfection had a power output of 1.5 W and a wavelength of 810 nm. The impact on cell viability was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Disinfection with laser did not differ between microorganisms (P=0.137), and laser irradiation with a longer duration had better disinfecting action for both microorganisms (P.
Circulating Adiponectin and Resistin Levels Are Associated with Adiposity Indices and Physical Fitness in Healthy Adult Males.
Habib SS, Sultan M, Khan A … +2 more , Al-Khlaiwi T, Bashir S
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Jun · PMID 34158467 · Full text
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of physical fitness scores (PFS) with serum adiponectin, resistin, and adiponectin/resistin ratio (AR ratio) in relation to body adiposity indices in healthy...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of physical fitness scores (PFS) with serum adiponectin, resistin, and adiponectin/resistin ratio (AR ratio) in relation to body adiposity indices in healthy adult males. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Physiology Unit, Physiology Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, from March 2017 to April 2018. We included 125 healthy adult males. Serum samples were obtained after overnight fasting. Analysis was performed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal insulin, lipid profile, resistin, and adiponectin. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess body composition. Based on ideal body composition, PFS were computed as previously published for all subjects and compared with serum markers. RESULTS There was a positive correlation of adiponectin with PFS (r=.218, p=0.015) and an inverse correlation with obesity degree (OD), OD (r=-.239, p=0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r=-.244, p=0.001), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) WHR (r=-.296, p=0.001). Moreover, it was correlated negatively with basal insulin (r=-.211, p=0.009) and homeostatic insulin resistance model (HOMA-IR) HOMA-IR (r=-.221, p=0.013). Resistin was correlated negatively with PFS (r=-.203, p=0.023), while its correlation with OD, BMI, WHR, and HOMA-IR was not significant. AR ratio was positively correlated with PFS (r=.286, p=0.001) and negatively with OD (r=-.210, p=0.019), BMI (r=-.222, p=0.013), WHR (r=-.308, p=0.001) and basal insulin (r=-.237, p=0.008). In linear regression analysis, the relationship of PFS was significant with adiponectin (r=.218, p=0.015), resistin (r=-.203, p=0.023) and AR ratio (r=.286, p=0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that individually the values of adiponectin and resistin were not significantly correlated with PFS, but they were significant with the combined AR ratio with AUC 64.6% (p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS Serum adiponectin was positively correlated and resistin was negatively correlated with physical fitness scores based on healthy body composition with low proportion of body adiposity and a higher proportion of fat-free mass. However, the combined effect of adiponectin/resistin ratio is an even better predictor of physical fitness. Moreover, the adiponectin/resistin ratio is even more highly associated with physical fitness than adiponectin or resistin alone.
Vitamin D Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in A549 Cells by Downregulating Inflammatory Cytokines.
Gatera VA, Lesmana R, Musfiroh I … +3 more , Judistiani RTD, Setiabudiawan B, Abdulah R
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 Jun · PMID 34103463 · Full text
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that lung inflammation affects lung function, with life-threatening results. Vitamin D may play an important role in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D deficiency is related to sev...
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that lung inflammation affects lung function, with life-threatening results. Vitamin D may play an important role in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D deficiency is related to several lung problems, including respiratory distress syndrome, alveolar inflammation, epithelial damage, and hypoxia. Few studies have evaluated the benefits of vitamin D in preventing inflammation in alveolar cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a cell inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The effects of vitamin D on LPS-induced inflammation in A549 cells were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of vitamin D was evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results indicated that vitamin D promoted A549 cell survival following LPS-induced inflammation by downregulating nuclear factor nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-12. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that vitamin D has the potential to manage lung inflammation, although further studies are needed.
Cytotoxicity and Antiplasmodial Properties of Different Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Extracts.
Hendra R, Khodijah R, Putri R … +4 more , Amalia R, Haryani Y, Teruna HY, Abdulah R
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 May · PMID 34035208 · Full text
BACKGROUND Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the most common fruits in tropical countries, including Indonesia. The unique deep purple-colored pulp of the fruit is eaten whole and consumed as juice. However,...
BACKGROUND Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the most common fruits in tropical countries, including Indonesia. The unique deep purple-colored pulp of the fruit is eaten whole and consumed as juice. However, the inedible thick peel is wasted, causing environmental issues. In this study, the toxic, cytotoxic, and antiplasmodium activity from various extract of H. polyrhizus peels were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial properties of the various peel extracts by using different organic solvents.The extraction of the peels was conducted using maceration to obtain pigment, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts. The toxicity of the extract was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality test, followed by WST assay to test in vitro cytotoxic properties and in vitro antiplasmodial properties in 2 Plasmodium falciparum strains (3D7 and W2). RESULTS The n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts depicted various levels of activity, whereas the pigment extract did not show any activities. However, dichloromethane demonstrated a high toxicity level with LC₅₀ of 10.32±0.13 μg/mL and a weak cytotoxic level against SK-OV-3 cell lines (IC₅₀ of 560.86±0.63 μg/mL). Moreover, the dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts showed high and promising antiplasmodial activity with IC₅₀ 2.13±0.42 and 6.51±0.49 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The dichloromethane extract demonstrated high antiplasmodial activity. Our observations have elucidated the cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activity of the peel of dragon fruits and can be used as a foundation for further research into the isolation and bioactivity of secondary metabolites.
Kangfuxin Liquid Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Modulating Immune Response and Suppressing Inflammation.
Tang M, Ni LL, Xu JL … +6 more , Wang YJ, Zhang CG, Ali T, Wu XM, Liu H, He M
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2021 May · PMID 33972493 · Full text
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kangfuxin liquid (KFXL) on inflammatory response, and its underlying mechanism in treating acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice induced by dextran sulfate...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kangfuxin liquid (KFXL) on inflammatory response, and its underlying mechanism in treating acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were provided drinking water containing DSS (3%) for 7 days to induce acute enteritis. The mice were divided into 6 groups: a control group, a DSS-induced (vehicle) group, a sulfasalazine (SASP) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose kangfuxin liquid groups. Disease activity index (DAI), colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS), and organ index were monitored daily. The levels of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum and interleukin-17 (IL-17) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in colon tissue were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was used to assess the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in spleens of mice to evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs on acute UC in mice. RESULTS Different doses of kangfuxin liquid reduced the DAI, CMDI, and HS scores (P<0.01 or P<0.05) of acute UC mice, reduced the level of IL-1ß and IL-17 in serum, increased the expression of IL-10 in serum and EGF in colon tissue, increased the number of CD3⁺ T cells, and decreased the level of CD4⁺ T cells and the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺. CONCLUSIONS Kangfuxin liquid has a therapeutic effect on DSS-induced acute UC in mice, and its mechanism of action may be associated with regulating immune function and reducing intestinal inflammatory response.
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