ScientificWorldJournal [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Evil Eye Illness in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.
Tadesse D, Masresha G, Lemlemu M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40421322 · Full text
Traditional medicinal plants are used worldwide to treat human ailments. One of the ailments used to treat medicinal plants through traditional medical practices is the evil eye. This systematic review aimed to compile a...
Traditional medicinal plants are used worldwide to treat human ailments. One of the ailments used to treat medicinal plants through traditional medical practices is the evil eye. This systematic review aimed to compile and document ethnobotanical studies on the treatment of evil eye illnesses in Ethiopia. A web-based systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases. All studies with complete ethnobotanical information regarding the plants used to treat the illness were included. A total of 53 articles that met the inclusion criteria were used to compile and document this review. The number of plant species and families, parts used, habits, modes of preparation, and routes of administration was tabulated and summarized using an Excel spreadsheet and descriptive statistics. Ethnomedicinal use of 146 plant species belonging to 65 families has been reported and documented for the treatment of evil eye illness in Ethiopia. Fabaceae (22 species) and Asteraceae (13 species) were the most commonly used families in terms of the species count. The dominant habit was shrubs (41%), followed by herbs (31%). Roots (37.13%) and leaves (22.77%) were the first and second most commonly used plant parts, respectively. The most commonly used route of medicinal plant preparation was nasal (35.14%), followed by dermal (22.83%), and oral (18.84%) methods. L. (Apocynaceae), (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), L. (Rutaceae), L. (Amaryllidaceae), and Lam. (Capparaceae) are among the most utilized plant species for the treatment of evil eye illnesses. This review shows that many medicinal plants are used to treat evil eye illnesses in traditional medical practices in Ethiopia. Hence, further investigation of commonly utilized plant species for the same purpose is recommended. In addition, the documentation of indigenous herbal knowledge and conservation of commonly utilized traditional medicinal plants should be strengthened.
Efficacy of Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjunct to Lignocaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for Extraction of Mandibular Third Molar-A Split-Mouth Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
Singh A, Kodali MVRM, Pentapati K … +3 more , Saha M, Gadicherla S, Smriti K
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40421321 · Full text
Extensive ongoing research is aimed at enhancing the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Even though magnesium itself is not a primary analgesic, it has been shown to increase the effects of analgesics when...
Extensive ongoing research is aimed at enhancing the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Even though magnesium itself is not a primary analgesic, it has been shown to increase the effects of analgesics when used as an adjuvant or a supplement. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO) has reportedly been used to supplement regional blocks and spinal anaesthesia in various surgical procedures. Building on the concept of MgSO as an analgesic adjuvant, our study aimed to assess its efficacy in increasing IANB success and controlling postsurgical pain. The split-mouth study evaluated the effectiveness of adding MgSO to 2% lignocaine in improving block success and offering postsurgical pain relief after the transalveolar extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (MTMs). We carried out a double-blinded, randomized, split-mouth study in 26 patients having bilateral impacted MTM. Patients presenting with impacted MTM bilaterally with a Pederson's score of ≤ 6 were included. The primary outcomes evaluated were the onset time, duration of anaesthesia, need for additional injections, and burning sensation during injection. The secondary outcomes assessed included postoperative pain relief and the quantity of rescue analgesics required. The test side showed a significantly longer duration of analgesia than the control side ( < 0.001). The MgSO group showed a lesser requirement for additional injections; however, it was not found to be statistically significant (0.289). No significant differences were seen in postoperative pain and the number of rescue analgesics. The addition of MgSO to 2% lidocaine resulted in a significantly longer duration of analgesia. CTRI identifier: CTRI/2018/05/013842.
Advancements in Hematologic Malignancy Detection: A Comprehensive Survey of Methodologies and Emerging Trends.
Nambiar R, Bhat R, Achar H V B
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40421320 · Full text
The investigation and diagnosis of hematologic malignancy using blood cell image analysis are major and emerging subjects that lie at the intersection of artificial intelligence and medical research. This survey systemat...
The investigation and diagnosis of hematologic malignancy using blood cell image analysis are major and emerging subjects that lie at the intersection of artificial intelligence and medical research. This survey systematically examines the state-of-the-art in blood cancer detection through image-based analysis, aimed at identifying the most effective computational strategies and highlighting emerging trends. This review focuses on three principal objectives, namely, to categorize and compare traditional machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and hybrid learning approaches; to evaluate performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the ROC curve; and to identify methodological gaps and propose directions for future research. Methodologically, we organize the literature by categorizing the malignancy types-leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma-and particularizing the preprocessing steps, feature extraction techniques, network architectures, and ensemble strategies employed. For ML methods, we discuss classical classifiers including support vector machines and random forests; for DL, we analyze convolutional neural networks (e.g., AlexNet, VGG, and ResNet) and transformer-based models; and for hybrid systems, we examine combinations of CNNs with attention mechanisms or traditional classifiers. Our synthesis reveals that DL models consistently outperform ML baselines, achieving classification accuracies above 95% in benchmark datasets, with hybrid models pushing peak accuracy to 99.7%. However, challenges remain in data scarcity, class imbalance, and generalizability to clinical settings. We conclude by recommending the integration of multimodal data, semisupervised learning, and rigorous external validation to advance toward deployable diagnostic tools. This survey also provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers and clinicians striving to harness AI for reliable hematologic cancer detection.
Theoretical Investigation of Lorentz Transformation of Relativistic Quantities in Two-Dimensional Spacetime Continuum.
Khadka CB, Karki B
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40406457 · Full text
In the current study, we conducted a theoretical study to derive the Lorentz transformation between inertial frames of reference moving in two-dimensional spacetime continuum. The invariance of the space-time interval eq...
In the current study, we conducted a theoretical study to derive the Lorentz transformation between inertial frames of reference moving in two-dimensional spacetime continuum. The invariance of the space-time interval equation, with use of the derived two-dimensional transformations, yields the notion of 2 + 2-dimensional spacetime continuum which consists of two space and two time coordinates. The velocity addition formulas, Lorentz transformations of energy and momentum are then investigated in 2 + 2-dimensional spacetime frame. Additionally, we investigated the concept of four-vector in 2 + 2 dimensions and further discussed their transformation based on the matrix equation, which is fully consistent with the Lorentz invariant energy-momentum relation.
Herbal Medicine Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Trends and Determinants.
Harfiani E, Puspita R, Prabarini IRS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40401107 · Full text
The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased use of herbal medicine in Indonesia, driven by its perceived efficacy in enhancing immunity. This study examines the sociodemographic factors influencing herbal medicine consumption...
The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased use of herbal medicine in Indonesia, driven by its perceived efficacy in enhancing immunity. This study examines the sociodemographic factors influencing herbal medicine consumption during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2021 across 33 Indonesian provinces, involving 461 respondents. Key sociodemographic variables included gender, age, education, domicile, and occupation, while the dependent variable was herbal medicine consumption. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, with significance determined by values. A total of 62.7% of respondents reported using herbal medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by standardized herbal medicine (23.2%) and phytopharmaceuticals (14.1%). Among the respondents, 66.4% were female, and 29.9% were aged 17-25. Herbal medicine consumption was significantly influenced by age ( = 0.006) and occupation ( = 0.038). Students (26.2%) and individuals on Java Island (62.7%) constituted the largest consumer groups. Key ingredients included ginger, turmeric, and lime, which are widely recognized for their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Age and occupation were identified as associated factors of herbal medicine use, emphasizing the importance of tailored public health strategies to promote traditional remedies as complementary measures. These findings highlight herbal medicine's cultural and therapeutic relevance during health crises.
Relationship Between Physicochemical Parameters and Risk of Analgesics and Antibiotics of Effluents From Three Selected Hospitals in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana.
Nsafoah EK, Gyeniaw CY, Sulemana A … +7 more , Fei-Baffoe B, Azanu D, Miezah K, Boateng KS, Amprako DN, Hogarh JN, Buabeng KO
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40386120 · Full text
This study is aimed at ascertaining the relationship between environmental risks of analgesics (acetaminophen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen), methylxanthine (caffeine), and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and metro...
This study is aimed at ascertaining the relationship between environmental risks of analgesics (acetaminophen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen), methylxanthine (caffeine), and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole) and physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved salts, and turbidity) of three replicates of untreated effluents from three hospitals (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [KNUST] Hospital, Kumasi South Hospital [KSH], and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital [KATH]) within Kumasi, Ghana. The samples were filtered, extracted by solid phase, and analyzed by PerkinElmer Flexar HPLC. Samples showed ambient temperature, around neutral pH, and high electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved salts, and turbidity. Acetaminophen and diclofenac were detected at concentrations of 40.00-44.00 and 77.00-553.00 g/L, respectively, in KNUST samples. Acetaminophen (266.00-510.00 g/L), caffeine (60.00-85.00 g/L), diclofenac (55.00-380.00 g/L), ciprofloxacin (44.00-45.00 g/L), and metronidazole (18.00-42.00 g/L) were detected in KSH samples. In KATH samples, acetaminophen and ciprofloxacin were found at concentrations of 29.00-114.00 and 74.00-232.00 g/L, respectively. Ibuprofen and amoxicillin in samples were below detection levels. A Pearson correlation showed an inverse relationship between temperature, pH, and acetaminophen; a direct relationship between turbidity and ciprofloxacin; and direct relationships between electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved salts, and acetaminophen. The last two parameters showed direct relationships with metronidazole but an inverse relationship with ciprofloxacin. The risk quotient for the detected pharmaceuticals showed low toxicity exposure (< 0.10) to algae, daphnids, and fish, except ciprofloxacin, which showed high toxicity exposure (> 1.00) to algae. The physicochemical properties of hospital effluents affect the concentrations and environmental risks of their constituents' analgesics and antibiotics.
Effect of Presowing Treatments on Seed Germination and Growth Performance of 1-Year (L.) Pers Seedlings in Northeast India.
Musa FI, Sahoo UK
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40365605 · Full text
(L.) Pers (Lythraceae family), called pride of India, is an important ornamental and medicinal plant having a very high demand for its fruits. Six presowing treatments, that is, hot water, cold treatment, cow dung, HSO,...
(L.) Pers (Lythraceae family), called pride of India, is an important ornamental and medicinal plant having a very high demand for its fruits. Six presowing treatments, that is, hot water, cold treatment, cow dung, HSO, gibberellic acid (GA), and scarification, were used to evaluate the effect of treatments on seed germination, mean germination time, and germination energy and monitor the growth performance of seedling as well as seedling quality index of . Among the different treatments, hot water recorded the highest germination percentage (51.95%). However, minimum mean germination time was achieved by HSO treatment (21.17 days). Additionally, a significant difference ( < 0.05) was observed in germination rate among treatments and the number of seeds germinated per day among treatments. The mean seedling height of reached a maximum height of 104 cm and a diameter of 10.67 mm in 1 year. We found a strong relation between seedling height and soil temperature ( = 0.56) and between seedling characteristics and biomass parameters, while there was a negative correlation with the total percentage of water content. The Dickson quality index of the seedlings was found to be 2.68. Our findings recommend hot water as the best treatment for ensuring quality seedlings, and seedlings of 1 year is sufficiently robust for large-scale afforestation and reforestation programs.
Nutrient Composition and Antinutritional Evaluation of Selected Wild Edible Plants Grown in Agroforestry of Simada District, Ethiopia.
Wassie KB
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40343194 · Full text
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutrient composition and antinutritional factors of five wild edible fruits , , , , and . Proximate composition parameters (moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, and cr...
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutrient composition and antinutritional factors of five wild edible fruits , , , , and . Proximate composition parameters (moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude protein) and antinutritional factors were evaluated using methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and mineral analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) were used to analyze the data. Among the five wild edible fruit species, and had the highest fiber content (18 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and high protein content (8.7 ± 0.03 g/100 g), respectively. had the highest amount of moisture (16.3 ± 0.001 g/100 g), energy (320.58 ± 0.03 kcal/100 g), and carbohydrate content (76.72 g/100 g). was found to have the highest saponin content (2.1 mg/100 g). Oxalate content ranged from 0.46 mg/100 g in to 1.7 mg/100 g in Mineral analysis showed that had the highest Ca content (1015 mg/100 g), whereas the highest Zn content (38.6 mg/100 g) was investigated in . According to their recommended proximate and mineral contribution to daily nutrient requirements in humans, , , , , and are sound in their dietary composition and in combating hunger especially in developing countries. More studies are vital to assess the nutritional composition and antinutritional quality of these wild edible plants and encourage farmers to cultivate in the agroforestry system.
Investigating the Influence of Ellipticity on the Purcell and Quality Factors in Planar-Elliptical Bragg Mirrors.
Al-Sumaidae S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40343193 · Full text
High-quality factor and elliptical cross-section microcavity of small size are described. We present a numerical investigation of the performance of the elliptical microcavity. We design elliptical microcavities to cont...
High-quality factor and elliptical cross-section microcavity of small size are described. We present a numerical investigation of the performance of the elliptical microcavity. We design elliptical microcavities to control the emission rate of dipolar emitters and investigate how the ellipticity factor influences the Purcell and -factors. We demonstrate an enhancement of up to 16 × 10 in the Purcell factor for TiO-based mirrors and 8 × 10 for ZnS-based mirrors. A numerical study at 1550 nm also shows that an ellipticity factor ( = 0.4) could significantly affect the Purcell and -factor. These benefits are expected to be even more persuasive in short wavelengths.
Severe Maternal Outcome in Women Admitted to an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit in the Northeast of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.
da Silva FX, de Kássia Andrade Rufino R, Padilha MB … +3 more , Bezerra SKS, Correia MDT, Katz L
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40330312 · Full text
The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of women who experienced severe maternal outcomes (SMO: maternal near-miss or maternal death) in an obstetric intensive care unit (ICU). A cross-sectional s...
The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of women who experienced severe maternal outcomes (SMO: maternal near-miss or maternal death) in an obstetric intensive care unit (ICU). A cross-sectional study was carried out including pregnant or postpartum women up to 42 days of childbirth admitted to the obstetric ICU at one reference centre in the northeast of Brazil, for any clinical, surgical, or obstetric complication, with data collected between October 29, 2018, and September 30, 2019. Maternal characteristics, details on admission to the ICU, pregnancy outcomes, and causes for ICU admission were compared between groups with SMO or with the remaining group, potential life-threatening conditions (PLTCs). A significance level of 5% was adopted. During the study period, 309 women were admitted to the obstetric ICU and considered eligible for the study. SMO was observed in 150 (48.5%) of these women. Of these, 8 (2.6%) were maternal deaths, and 142 (45.9%) presented one or more near-miss criteria. Most women with a SMO were admitted for direct obstetric causes such as hypertensive syndromes, postpartum haemorrhage, or puerperal infection. SMO was associated more frequently with puerperal infection. SMO is a commonly occurring outcome in an obstetric ICU with great possibility of treatment. Direct obstetric causes such as hypertension syndromes, postpartum haemorrhage, and puerperal infection were the most prevalent causes in the development of this outcome. Puerperal infection was the condition most associated with SMO.
Exploration of the Use of Traditional Herbs to Overcome Cough and Cold in Three Provinces of East Java Province.
Ekasari W, Widyowati R, Kurnia ND … +3 more , Jayanegara AQ, Sari AL, Sahu RK
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40322746 · Full text
This study is aimed at documenting traditional practices in the use of medicinal plants to overcome cough and cold in three selected regions of East Java Province, by establishing the relative significance, consensus, an...
This study is aimed at documenting traditional practices in the use of medicinal plants to overcome cough and cold in three selected regions of East Java Province, by establishing the relative significance, consensus, and scope of all medicinal plants used. The survey on the use of medicinal plants was conducted in one subdistrict in each of the three selected regions in East Java Province, Indonesia. Ethnomedicine data were collected through semistructured interviews, group discussions, and guided field visits from 111 informants. Plant importance is calculated using indices such as use report (UR), family importance value (FIV), and use value (UV). A total of 32 traditional herbs for the treatment of coughs and 20 traditional herbs for the treatment of colds, made of 25 species belonging to 21 genera from 15 families, have been identified as having ethnomedicine significance. The highest FIV (63.96) in the treatment of coughs and colds was reported for Zingiberaceae. The most commonly cited types of medicinal plants are (27 UR; 0.27 UV) for the treatment of coughs and (34 UR; 0.486 UV) for the treatment of colds. The findings of this study show the rich tradition of using medicinal plants and cultural knowledge of local communities in three selected regions of East Java Province. Thus, for the potential management and conservation strategy of plant genetic resources, recording traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their practices is very important. This legacy of awareness about medicinal plants will pave the way for future drug discovery to improve global health care.
Impact of Engineered Particle Size Distribution of Ordinary Portland Cement on Slag Supplemented Cement: A Comparative Performance Analysis With Commercial Portland Slag Cement.
Kamble RS, Guptha KG, Nayak AK … +1 more , Vengala J
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40322745 · Full text
This study explores the critical interplay between particle size distribution (PSD) and Bogue's compounds, highlighting their essential roles in enhancing the early strength of cement while ensuring sustainability. The r...
This study explores the critical interplay between particle size distribution (PSD) and Bogue's compounds, highlighting their essential roles in enhancing the early strength of cement while ensuring sustainability. The research explores experimental procedures by subjecting commercial ordinary Portland cement (C-OPC) to a grinding process, resulting in a specific fineness of 5390 cm/g, referred to as the "stimulator (S)". Blending this stimulator with standard C-OPC at a precisely calibrated 45% weight ratio (referred to as 'S45') demonstrates a refined approach to optimizing the PSD of the mixture. The results confirm the superior properties of the resulting slag cement blend, with engineered PSD serving as the central driver of these improvements. To broaden the study's scope, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is introduced as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and strategically combined with S45 in varying proportions. This systematic approach shows that the optimized blend of S45 and GGBFS outperforms commercial Portland slag cement (Com-PSC) and ushers in a new paradigm in cement formulation using SCMs. The findings underscore the significance of PSD in enhancing both the initial and long-term compressive strength of cement, with performance improvements evaluated over a period of up to 365 days. Importantly, the optimized approach enables the production of more sustainable cement without increasing production costs. This not only reduces the carbon footprint but also promotes a safer and more environmentally friendly industry. The research highlights a practical pathway for cement manufacturers to enhance the performance of slag cement, though the quality of slag remains dependent on its source. Future research aimed at developing comprehensive guidelines will provide valuable insights to further advance sustainable cement production.
Trends in Hospitalization for Fall-Related Injuries in US Older Adults, 2001-2021.
Orces CH
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40292182 · Full text
Fall-related injuries are a major public health problem affecting ageing populations. Although previous studies have reported increasing hospitalization rates for fall-related injuries in United States older adults, rece...
Fall-related injuries are a major public health problem affecting ageing populations. Although previous studies have reported increasing hospitalization rates for fall-related injuries in United States older adults, recent trends in hospitalization for these injuries have not been examined. Thus, the present study aimed to examine nationwide trends in hospitalization after emergency department (ED) visits for fall-related injuries. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program was used to estimate hospitalizations after ED visits for fall-related injuries in adults ≥ 65 years between 2001 and 2021. Joinpoint regression software V.5.0.2 was used to examine the average annual percent change in age- and sex-adjusted hospitalization rates according to type of injury, body parts, and traumatic brain injuries. A total of 704,875 ED visits for fall-related injuries occurred in US older adults between 2001 and 2021. Of those 26.5% (95% CI: 26.3, 26.6) were hospitalized. Overall, women represented 59.2% (95% CI: 59.0, 59.5) of the hospitalizations and fractures were the leading type of injury. By sex, hospitalization rates in women annually increased on average by 2.5% (95% CI: 2.0, 3.0) and in men by 4.2% (95% CI: 3.6, 4.9). Similarly, fall-related fracture rates in men increased annually on average by 2.5% (95% CI: 1.9, 3.2) and in women by 1.5% (95% CI: 1.0, 2.2) during the study period. Notably, the highest increase in hospitalization rates during the study period occurred among older adults with traumatic brain injuries. Hospitalizations for fall-related injuries significantly increased in US older adults over the past two decades. The present findings underscore the importance of implementing effective community-based programs to prevent fall-related injuries.
Evaluation of the Impact of Selected Financial Indicators on Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh: A Nonlinear Modeling Approach.
Salan MSA, Ali A, Amin R … +4 more , Sultana A, Naznin M, Kabir MA, Hossain MM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40292181 · Full text
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a steadfast contributor to capital flows and plays an indispensable role in driving economic advancement and emerging as a pivotal avenue for financing growth in Bangladesh. Therefore,...
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a steadfast contributor to capital flows and plays an indispensable role in driving economic advancement and emerging as a pivotal avenue for financing growth in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study identifies the factors that influence FDI inflows in Bangladesh. Moreover, the authors explored the more appropriate model for predicting FDI by comparing the efficacy of other models' predictions. This study is based on secondary data over the period 1973 to 2021 and collected from the publicly accessible website of the World Bank. A generalized additive model (GAM) was implemented for describing the proper splines. The model's performance was assessed using the modified -squared, the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Findings depict a significant nonlinear relationship between Bangladesh's FDI and key economic indicators, including GDP, trade openness, external debt, gross capital formation, gross national income (GNI) and government rates of exchange, total reserves, and total natural resource rent. It is also observed that the GAM ( = 0.987, = 608.03, and = 658.28) outperforms multiple linear regressions and polynomial regression in predicting FDI, emphasizing the superiority of GAM in capturing complex relationships and improving predictive accuracy. A nonlinear relationship is observed between FDI along with the covariates considered in this study. The authors believed that this study's findings would assist in taking efficient initiatives for FDI management and proactive economic indicator optimization to empower Bangladesh's economic resilience and foster sustainable growth. The analysis revealed that FDI and its related risk factors follow a nonlinear pattern. The study recommends using the GAM regression as a reliable method for predicting FDI in Bangladesh. The authors suggest that the findings can guide policymakers in developing strategies to increase FDI inflows, stimulate economic growth, and ensure sustainable economic development in Bangladesh.
Vagal Splenic-Dependent Effects Influence Glucose Homeostasis, Insulin Secretion, and Histopathology of the Endocrine Pancreas in Hypothalamic Obese Male Rats: Vagus Nerve and Spleen Interactions Affect the Endocrine Pancreas.
Siqueira BS, Gomes ECZ, Rentz T … +4 more , Malta A, de Freitas Mathias PC, Balbo SL, Grassiolli S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40276696 · Full text
Vagus nerve (VN) and spleen dysfunctions are often associated with obesity (Ob). We evaluated the effects of VN and spleen ablation on adiposity, metabolism, and insulin secretion in hypothalamic obese male rats. Ob wa...
Vagus nerve (VN) and spleen dysfunctions are often associated with obesity (Ob). We evaluated the effects of VN and spleen ablation on adiposity, metabolism, and insulin secretion in hypothalamic obese male rats. Ob was induced by neonatal subcutaneous injection of monosodium glutamate (4 g/kg). At 60 days of life, Ob animals were randomly distributed into four groups ( = 16 rats/group): sham operation (SHAM), vagotomy (VAG), splenectomy (SPL), and VAG + SPL. Body weight and food intake were monitored for 8 weeks postsurgery. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) and intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (ipPTT) were performed at 148 days of life, and VN activity was recorded at 150 days. After euthanasia (150 days), adiposity, plasma biochemical parameters, glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), and cholinergic and adrenergic islet responsiveness were evaluated. The pancreas was submitted for histopathological analysis, and the protein content of OXPHOS and IL-10 was evaluated in isolated pancreatic islets. Decreased VN activity was confirmed in the Ob-VAG groups, associated with lower visceral adiposity, triglycerides, and plasma insulin, together with improved insulin sensibility and pyruvate tolerance, compared to Ob-SHAM rats. Spleen absence reduced VN activity and cholinergic insulinotropic responses, with deleterious effects on the endocrine pancreas. Furthermore, Ob-VAG + SPL rats presented greater reductions in GIIS and more severe endocrine pancreas histopathology, compared to the Ob-SHAM group, without altered islet size or number or protein content of OXPHOS or IL-10. Vagal and splenic interactions contribute to glucose homeostasis control in hypothalamic obese rats, modulating insulin secretion and pancreas histology.
Isolation and Identification of Black Oil-Degrading Bacteria From Lubricant-Contaminated Soil in Northern Baghdad, Iraq.
Faisal ZG, Jameel MM, Abdullah OA
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40260096 · Full text
Black oil is a refined petroleum product that poses a significant environmental risk. It contains complex multihydrocarbons that decompose slowly, so black oil remains in the environment for a long time, causing various...
Black oil is a refined petroleum product that poses a significant environmental risk. It contains complex multihydrocarbons that decompose slowly, so black oil remains in the environment for a long time, causing various toxic effects. This study isolates and identifies an indigenous bacterium from soil samples contaminated with waste lubricating oil and evaluates its potential for degrading black crude oil. Twelve species of black oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from six soil samples of automobile and motorcycle workshops in the Al-Tarmiyah District of Baghdad, Iraq. Isolated bacteria were identified based on morphological and VITEK 2 system as , , , , , , , and . Among these, based on the measurement of optical density and chromatogram analysis, exhibited the maximum efficiency in degrading black oil, followed by . Therefore, these indigenous bacteria have the potential to be used in black oil removal from contaminated sites and the expansion of bioremediation approaches.
Assessment of the Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia Among University Students in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Sarfo IA, Boakye B, Eshun H … +4 more , Jingbeja E, Asmah-Brown A, Adu P, Boachie J
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40231323 · Full text
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically associated with anemia, with both implicated in global mortalities and morbidities. Adequate knowledge about these conditions might help individuals to prevent and/or manage them...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically associated with anemia, with both implicated in global mortalities and morbidities. Adequate knowledge about these conditions might help individuals to prevent and/or manage them effectively. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of CKD and anemia regarding their causes, risk factors, and preventive practices among undergraduate students. The study was a cross-sectional design conducted from July 2023 to September 2023, involving 267 students pursuing either health-related or nonhealth-related programs. A structured questionnaire was administered to participants to assess their knowledge of CKD and anemia and was analyzed. An overwhelming majority, 208 (77.9%), demonstrated a good level of general knowledge of CKD, whereas an even higher proportion, 215 (80.5%), had a good level of general knowledge of anemia. Also, the bulk of the participants, 222 (83.1%), showed a good level of knowledge of the relationship between CKD and anemia. There was a significant relationship between a student's faculty and general CKD knowledge ( < 0.001). Participants in health-related faculties and in the third/fourth year significantly had good knowledge of CKD than those in nonhealth-related faculties and in the first/second year of studies. With regards to anemia, individuals aged 20 years and beyond had good knowledge of anemia than teenage students. There was also a significant relationship between a student's faculty and general knowledge of anemia ( < 0.001), such that participants in health-related faculties were about 99% less likely to have poor knowledge of anemia than those in nonhealth-related faculties [AOR = 0.01 (0.00, 0.007)]. Students with good knowledge of CKD, anemia, and/or their interrelationships were the majority. However, students in health-related faculties significantly had good knowledge of both CKD and anemia than their counterparts in nonhealth-related faculties. Health-related courses that would enlighten students in nonhealth-related faculties should be promoted.
Assessment of Patient Safety Culture Among Healthcare Professionals in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Al-Zadjali ZM, Awadh HI, Chan MF … +5 more , Al Sabei SD, Al-Sariri QS, Aimaq R, Gimono P, Al-Farsi YM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40225356 · Full text
Patient safety (PS) is a worldwide concern affecting countries at all health system stages. Three million people die each year worldwide due to medical errors and unsafe care. Medical malpractice cases have increased in...
Patient safety (PS) is a worldwide concern affecting countries at all health system stages. Three million people die each year worldwide due to medical errors and unsafe care. Medical malpractice cases have increased in the Sultanate of Oman, although the reasons for this increase are poorly understood, and there are not many studies on PS. This study is aimed at assessing PS culture among healthcare professionals in Oman's healthcare facilities. This cross-sectional study used a national PS culture database maintained by the Directorate General of Quality Assurance at the Ministry of Health. The data was collected using a validated hospital survey on PS culture tool with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 in the English version which was distributed online to 1599 full-time healthcare professionals in Oman; the response rate was 99%. A stratified random sampling technique was used. The study examined the relationship between items using -tests, chi-squared tests, regression, and odds ratio. Out of the 1599 healthcare professionals who participated in the study, 16 were excluded and only 1583 healthcare professionals were included; the majority 842 (53.2%) were working in nonprimary healthcare (non-PHC). The global average proportion of reported adverse events' positive response rates (PRRs) was significantly higher in the PHC group compared to the non-PHC group (50.0% vs. 47.6%) ( < 0.04). Staffing (OR 1.55; 95% CI [1.24-1.93]), teamwork across units (OR 1.37; 95% CI [1.07-1.75]), and organizational learning (OR 1.26; 95% CI [1.02-1.57]) were significantly higher than other domains. The female group showed significantly higher PRR in "staffing" (OR 1.27; 95% CI [1.00-1.62]) ( < 0.05). Similarly, older age demonstrated higher PRR in "nonpunitive response to errors" (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.05-1.57]) ( < 0.02), the nursing profession exhibited higher PRR in "communication openness" (OR 1.57; 95% CI [1.24-1.98]) ( < 0.001), and advanced work experience was significantly higher in "management support" (OR 1.30; 95% CI [1.07-1.60]) ( < 0.01). The study reports that primary healthcare professionals in Omani healthcare institutions have higher PRRs in critical PSC domains like teamwork, supervisor expectations, organizational learning, and staffing compared to non-PHC professionals. They also scored highest in communication openness and management support. The study suggests interventions focusing on staffing adequacy, teamwork, and communication strategies can enhance PS culture among healthcare professionals.
A Review of the Prospective Effects of Methadone on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Diabetic Patients.
Poursamimi J
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40225355 · Full text
Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a significant complication for diabetic patients, often linked to poor glycemic control and elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). High serum levels of cytokines, such as...
Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a significant complication for diabetic patients, often linked to poor glycemic control and elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). High serum levels of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, and an increase in T-lymphocytes are crucial factors in developing neuropathic complications. Research suggests that substances like opiates and methadone can provide pain relief for these patients. This literature review is aimed at exploring the advantages and disadvantages of prescribing methadone to individuals with diabetes. We conducted a search of several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. We used keywords such as "diabetes," "neuropathic pain," "methadone," "opioids," "inflammation," and "neuroimmunomodulation." Ultimately, we identified 19 articles suitable for a more detailed examination. Studies have revealed that the visual analog scale (VAS) index and serum glucose levels decreased in patients who had taken low-dose methadone. Additionally, the production of N-chlorotaurine, a crucial component for innate immunity, was increased in these individuals. Methadone, in a dose-dependent manner, is accountable for increasing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a high number of monocyte CD14. In conclusion, there were several advantages to taking methadone in a dose-dependent manner, compared to opioids.
Genetic Engineering for Cereal Crop Yield Improvement and Disease Resistant Breeding.
Limenie AD, Alehegn M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40225354 · Full text
Genetic engineering has revolutionized the field of agriculture, providing innovative solutions to enhance crop productivity and resilience against diseases. Among the various crops, cereals hold a pivotal position in gl...
Genetic engineering has revolutionized the field of agriculture, providing innovative solutions to enhance crop productivity and resilience against diseases. Among the various crops, cereals hold a pivotal position in global food security, feeding a significant portion of the world population. Genetic engineering, in cereal crop breeding, has opened new avenues for yield improvement and the development of disease-resistant varieties. Growing population and climate change, traditional breeding methods alone are insufficient to meet the increasing demand for food while ensuring sustainability. Genetic engineering offers a precise and efficient approach to introduce desirable traits into cereal crops, thereby improving yield and reducing the impact of diseases. One of the primary objectives of genetic engineering in cereal crops is to enhance yield potential. This can be achieved by modifying genes associated with key traits such as photosynthetic efficiency, stress tolerance, and nutrient use efficiency. For instance, genetic engineering can be used to increase the efficiency of light capture and conversion into biomass, thereby boosting yield. Disease resistance is another critical area where genetic engineering can make a significant impact. Pathogens and pests pose a constant threat to cereal crops, leading to significant yield losses. Genetic engineering techniques allow the introduction of genes encoding resistance to diseases, such as those from wild relatives or from other organisms. Here, evidence shows that the incorporation of () genes into maize has effectively controlled corn borer infestations, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. This not only reduces yield losses but also minimizes the development of pathogen resistance to single-gene interventions.
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