ScientificWorldJournal [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Determinants of Fruit Tree Adoption as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Amongst Smallholder Farmers in Lake Kyoga Basin: A Case Study of Budaka District, Eastern Uganda.
Wambede NM, Milliam K, Denis E … +3 more , Andrew M, Robert T, Geoffrey M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40799401 · Full text
This study investigated the socioeconomic determinants of fruit tree adoption amongst smallholder farmers in Budaka District, Eastern Uganda. Specific objectives included describing the characteristics of fruit tree gard...
This study investigated the socioeconomic determinants of fruit tree adoption amongst smallholder farmers in Budaka District, Eastern Uganda. Specific objectives included describing the characteristics of fruit tree gardens, mapping their spatial distribution, and analysing socioeconomic factors influencing adoption. This study is one of the first empirical studies in agroforestry to relate socioeconomic factors in Eastern Uganda to the spatial distribution of fruit trees. The study employed a combined approach incorporating GIS-based spatial mapping and socioeconomic analysis. A cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 276 randomly selected farmers, key informants, and focus groups. GIS was used to visualise the spatial patterns and descriptive statistics, and chi-square tests were applied to identify differences between adopters and nonadopters. Results indicated that fruit farming is predominantly undertaken by males aged 40 and above. Fruit tree distribution is concentrated in the north and northwest, grown on small holdings averaging 0.5 acres with 10-40 trees. Chi-square tests confirmed significant differences in age, labour type, farm size, and income between adopters and nonadopters, whilst there were no significant differences in gender, family size, and access to credit. Policy interventions should expand youth- and gender-inclusive extension services that support climate resilience and sustainable fruit tree farming, and address land tenure limitations to increase adoption.
Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Dermal Patch Films for Enhanced Wound Healing: Formulation and Characterization Study.
Nawatila R, Putranti A, Susetyo C … +4 more , Masur E, Kartini K, Sukweenadhi J, Avanti C
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40766750 · Full text
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their potent antibacterial properties, making them suitable for wound healing applications. This study focuses on formulating AgNPs into dermal patch films (DPFs), leveraging t...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their potent antibacterial properties, making them suitable for wound healing applications. This study focuses on formulating AgNPs into dermal patch films (DPFs), leveraging the adhesive properties of the film for the effective delivery of active ingredients. AgNPs were synthesized through a green synthesis method using L. Leaf extract as a bioreductant. Five distinct formulations, ranging from AgNP concentration of 0% (control), 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10%, were optimized and denoted as Formulas 1-5 (F1-F5), respectively. The films were fabricated by solvent casting method employing a manual film applicator. A variety of evaluations were then performed on the films, including assessments of their physical and chemical characteristics. These characteristics included organoleptic properties, film thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, loss on drying (LOD), crystallinity, the interaction between active ingredients and excipients, the morphological characteristics of the films, and a wound healing study. All formulations resulted in smooth and transparent films. Favorable outcomes were observed in film thickness and surface pH measurements. Formulations F1-F4 demonstrated exceptional folding endurance (> 200 times). This is also affirmed by a reduction in the -OH peak in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis showed that F1-F4 had adopted an amorphous structure, while F5 retained crystalline AgNPs. The drying process revealed that F5 exhibited the lowest moisture loss. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging displayed distinct morphologies among the five formulations. F4 and F5 exhibited the highest percentage of wound healing. The formulation of AgNPs synthesized through a green synthesis method, utilizing L. leaf extract as a bioreductant, has demonstrated significant improvements in the physical characteristics, particularly in Formulations F1-F4. Notably, F4 exhibited the highest wound healing efficacy. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that F4 (AgNPs 0.05%) represents the most promising DPF formulation for enhanced wound healing applications.
Therapeutics Potential of Cronassial in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Insights Into Glycosphingolipids and Humoral Immunity.
Ghazaryan G, Zanginyan H, Ghazaryan M … +1 more , Hovsepyan L
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40717793 · Full text
Currently, significant attention is being paid to the study of the mechanisms underlying the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially factors related to humoral immunity, apoptosis, and sphingolipid metabolism...
Currently, significant attention is being paid to the study of the mechanisms underlying the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially factors related to humoral immunity, apoptosis, and sphingolipid metabolism processes. These factors play a key role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during both the acute and chronic stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF) in plasma, homogenates of the brain and spinal cord, serum circulating immune complexes (CICs), the apoptosis marker APO-1/Fas, and the content of glycosphingolipids during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its treatment. The therapeutic agent used in this study was Cronassial, which contains mono-, di-, and trisialylated gangliosides. Our results indicate the significant role of elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels in the pathogenesis of EAE, which initiate the activation of the sphingomyelin cycle and subsequently trigger apoptosis processes. During the study, we observed an increased concentration of APO-1/Fas. Administration of the ganglioside-containing drug in vivo led to the normalization of the levels of the studied factors, demonstrating a neuroprotective effect. According to our findings, this drug regulates the metabolism of glycosphingolipids and the humoral immune factors that were studied.
Understanding Dengue Underreporting: An Analysis of the Impacts for the World, Latin America and Brazil.
Lessa CLS, Fiuza BSD, Hodel KVS … +3 more , Minafra C, de Souza Gonçalves M, Machado BAS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40704162 · Full text
Notifiable diseases are legally designated due to their epidemic potential, requiring mandatory reporting by healthcare professionals to support public health surveillance and control. This narrative review analyzes weak...
Notifiable diseases are legally designated due to their epidemic potential, requiring mandatory reporting by healthcare professionals to support public health surveillance and control. This narrative review analyzes weaknesses in the compulsory notification process, with emphasis on dengue, revealing critical gaps in surveillance systems and health data reporting globally. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, including articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Inclusion criteria focused on studies related to dengue surveillance, underreporting, health information systems, and notification policies. The findings demonstrate persistent failures in data collection, diagnostic confirmation, and reporting practices, which compromise the accuracy of epidemiological indicators and hinder timely responses. These limitations reflect broader challenges in dengue control. Strengthening surveillance infrastructure and reporting protocols is essential to mitigate underreporting and improve decision-making in public health.
Corrigendum to "Time to First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among HIV-Positive Children in Shashemene Town Health Facilities, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019".
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40704161 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/8868479.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/8868479.].
The Effect of Compost, Host Resistance, and Chemical Treatment Interaction on Complex Wilt Disease Management on Hot Pepper ( L.) in Jabi Tehena District, Northwestern Ethiopia.
Alehegn M, Fininsa C, Terefe H … +2 more , Dejene M, Mohammed W
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40697408 · Full text
Hot pepper is a vital vegetable crop traditionally valued for its commercial importance and role in rural economies, with its fruits consumed fresh, dried, processed, or used as condiments. Hot pepper wilt, a complex dis...
Hot pepper is a vital vegetable crop traditionally valued for its commercial importance and role in rural economies, with its fruits consumed fresh, dried, processed, or used as condiments. Hot pepper wilt, a complex disease caused by various soilborne pathogens, significantly influenced hot pepper crops. This study is aimed at evaluating the combined effects of compost application, host resistance, and chemical treatments on seeds and seedlings in managing this disease, as well as its effect on yield. Eighteen treatment combinations were tested in a split-split plot design with three replications. The findings showed highly significant differences ( ≤ 0.001) in disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and agronomic traits across the treatment combinations. The study found that the Melka Zala variety, when treated with Apron Star and transplanted into compost-treated plots, exhibited the lowest disease severity (23%), AUDPC (478.33%-days), and disease progress rate (0.0034 units/day). In contrast, the Mareko Fana variety, grown in compost-untreated and control plots, showed the highest disease severity (54%), AUDPC (1426.67%-days), and disease progress rate (0.0114 units/day). Additionally, Melka Zala yielded the highest marketable fruit yield (2.42 t ha) and total fruit yield (2.47 t ha) when the seeds and seedlings were treated with Apron Star Fungicide and transplanted into compost-treated plots. Treating Melka Zala seeds and seedlings with Apron Star fungicide and transplanting them into compost-treated plots resulted in twice the net benefit and marketable fruit yield compared to other treatment combinations. In conclusion, using the Melka Zala variety treated with Apron Star and grown in compost-treated plots effectively controlled the disease and improved yield, suggesting this approach as a viable strategy for farmers in the study area and similar agroecological zones to manage wilt disease.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Herbs Used by the Luguru Tribe Against Various Human Ailments in Morogoro Rural District, Tanzania.
Kacholi DS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40689214 · Full text
Since time immemorial, Tanzanians, particularly the Luguru tribe, have utilised medicinal herbs (MHs) to manage various ailments. However, few ethnobotanical studies have been conducted to document and quantitatively ana...
Since time immemorial, Tanzanians, particularly the Luguru tribe, have utilised medicinal herbs (MHs) to manage various ailments. However, few ethnobotanical studies have been conducted to document and quantitatively analyze them. This study documents and quantitatively analyzes MHs used by the Luguru people of Morogoro Rural District to address various ailments. The research was conducted between September 2022 and October 2023. Ethnobotanical data on MH were collected from 100 informants identified through the snowball method, employing semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, and field walks. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an independent samples -test were employed to examine statistically significant differences among social demographic variables. Quantitative indices, including family use value (FUV), MH use value (UV), fidelity level (FL), plant part value (PPV), and informant agreement ratio (IAR), were computed. A total of 30 MHs belonging to 13 families were reported to be used for managing various ailments. Asteraceae was the most represented family (seven species, FUV = 2.23). Del. (Asteraceae) had the highest UV index (0.571), while the root was the most utilised plant part (0.692). Malaria and fever (0.96) and metabolic disorders (0.94) had the highest IAR. The preferred modes of preparation and administration were decoction and oral, respectively. Female, illiterate, and elderly informants possessed significantly higher medicinal knowledge. The study demonstrates that the Luguru people possess a rich understanding of MHs and continue to rely on them to treat various ailments. The MHs with high UV, IAR, and FL can be a foundation for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
The Ethnoveterinary Study of Medicinal Plants Utilized in Treating Animal Diseases in Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone of Amhara Regional State in Ethiopia.
Teshome M, Yohannes T
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40678719 · Full text
An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document the plant-based indigenous knowledge of the people on the utilization of these medicinal plant resources in Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 100 in...
An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document the plant-based indigenous knowledge of the people on the utilization of these medicinal plant resources in Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 100 informants were sampled from four study sites, and a variety of ethnobotanical methods were applied, including semistructured interviews, field observations, and direct matrix rankings. The vast source of traditional healing knowledge of plant species conveyed from one generation to the next by word of mouth was in a family member. Totally 47 plant species were identified from the study site. These 47 medicinal plants belong to 44 genera and 31 families. Of these, 21 species are used for the treatment of livestock ailments only, and 26 species are reported for the treatment of both human and livestock ailments. These medicinal plants are used to treat about nine types of animal ailments and eight types of animal and human ailments. Family Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, and Asteraceae were represented by the highest number of five medicinal plant species, followed by the Fabaceae with three, Rutaceae two, and the remaining family representing one species. Of the total medicinal plant species, 24 species (51%) were shrubs, 16 species (34%) were herbs, and 2 species (4%) were trees, whereas 4 species (9%) were climbers. Most of them have medicinal properties in their leaf, bark, root, stem, flower, seeds, and fruits. Medicine from these plant parts is prepared in fresh, dried, and both fresh and dried states. Data showed that retained placenta had the highest informant consensus factor (ICF) value (1.00), followed by anthrax and eye infection (0.9), diarrhea (0.896), rabies (0.888), leech infestation (0.808), and snake poisoning (0.750). The highest fidelity level (FL) values were obtained for the plants treating leech infestation, used to treat eye infection, and also for leech infestation. Therefore, further phytochemical investigations need to be conducted on the above-listed plants with the highest FL values, which may indicate their higher potential against the respective ailments. Due to high population growth, the expansion of urban areas, and the need for more farming lands, there are significant challenges in conserving ethnoveterinary medicinal plants. The existing conservation efforts undertaken by the local community are insufficient to address the loss of plant species from their natural habitats. Therefore, it is imperative to implement both and conservation strategies based on the nature of medicinal plants.
A Roadmap for the Application of Convalescent Plasma and Hyperimmune Globulins in Emerging Viral Outbreaks.
Rahimian A, Askari H, Nabati A … +1 more , Aminian M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40642339 · Full text
The outbreak of COVID-19 took the world by surprise and dealt a serious blow to the global economy. Even today, few drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been proven useful, and repurposing existing antiviral therapies...
The outbreak of COVID-19 took the world by surprise and dealt a serious blow to the global economy. Even today, few drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been proven useful, and repurposing existing antiviral therapies remains a major research area in the treatment of the disease. During previous viral outbreaks, therapies using convalescent plasma and related products have repeatedly been used as empirical approaches. Rapid preparation of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune globulins (hIVIGs) makes these two treatment options useful in dealing with outbreaks of emerging diseases. The current study presents a systematic roadmap concerning the guidelines, criteria, and regulations involved in plasma transfusion and the preparation of hIVIGs applicable to possible future viral outbreaks.
Optimizing Crop Yield Prediction: An In-Depth Analysis of Outlier Detection Algorithms on Davangere Region.
Anu CS, Nirmala CR, Bhowmik A … +1 more , Santhosh AJ
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40620643 · Full text
Crop yield prediction is a critical aspect of agricultural planning and resource allocation, with outlier detection algorithms playing a vital role in refining the accuracy of predictive models. This research focuses on...
Crop yield prediction is a critical aspect of agricultural planning and resource allocation, with outlier detection algorithms playing a vital role in refining the accuracy of predictive models. This research focuses on optimizing crop yield prediction in the Davangere region through a thorough analysis of outlier detection algorithms applied to the local agricultural dataset. Six prominent algorithms, including isolation forest, elliptic envelope, one-class SVM, iterative R, spatial singular value decomposition (SSVD), and spatial multiview outlier detection (SMVOD), are systematically evaluated. The study emphasizes the significance of accurate crop yield predictions in local agriculture and assesses each algorithm's performance using precision, recall, accuracy, and 1 score metrics. Elliptic envelope demonstrates its efficacy in handling the unique characteristics of the Davangere dataset. This method demonstrated improved performance in refining the crop yield prediction model by identifying and removing outliers, thereby contributing to more accurate predictions and optimized planning in the dynamic landscape of the Davangere region.
Assessing the Efficiency of Bin-Centered Solid Waste Segregation System in Ashanti Region, Ghana.
Sackey LNA, Anum DNA, Ampiah EY … +5 more , Marfo CA, Amos K, Ahorlley NAA, Agyemang LSY, Addy HST
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40620642 · Full text
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) established a waste segregation system that provided plastic waste to feed a plastic recycling facility to improve solid waste management in 2017. However, since...
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) established a waste segregation system that provided plastic waste to feed a plastic recycling facility to improve solid waste management in 2017. However, since the establishment of the segregation system, there has not been any assessment to ascertain its efficiency. Hence, this research seeks to assess the efficiency of KNUST's waste segregation system. The study utilized a quantitative research approach method to assess the efficiency of the segregation system. A total of 500 randomly selected participants, including students, lecturers, administrators, cleaners, and other staff, participated in the survey. Also, to ascertain the efficiency of the segregation system, through stratified random sampling, 67 bins were selected for the segregation of plastic waste. The results indicated poor attitudes towards segregation, low adherence, and ineffectiveness. Analysis of the waste components generated on campus revealed that 64.7% of the participants generated paper as part of the total waste produced, a substantial 83.5% generated plastics, 82.5% generated food waste, and 28.2% generated tins/cans. A corresponding 9.4%, 11.24%, and 4.4% generated fiber bags, glass, and other waste types, respectively. The plastic waste stream consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS). Of the participants, 43.9% knew about waste segregation on campus, and 75.5% had seen the bins. Of the participants, 56.5% knew what the color codes of the bins meant. Barriers to effective segregation included low publicity, insufficient bins, and low monitoring. Management should intensify publicity, introduce more bins, and diversify the system.
Ethnomedical Knowledge of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine in Mampa Village, Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Valentin BC, Martin BB, Salvius BA … +1 more , Baptiste LSJ
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40599608 · Full text
The inhabitants of the village of Mampa have developed a rich corpus of knowledge and practices for treating pathologies using plants that are worthy of preservation, perpetuation, and promotion. They draw on the region'...
The inhabitants of the village of Mampa have developed a rich corpus of knowledge and practices for treating pathologies using plants that are worthy of preservation, perpetuation, and promotion. They draw on the region's rich biodiversity, particularly in the Miombo clear forest. However, to date, no documentation of their ethnomedicinal knowledge exists. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2022 and October 2023. It employed a direct, face-to-face interview with the Mampa village population and a guide questionnaire. A total of 400 respondents were included in the study (sex ratio M/F = 0.9; mean age: 48.0 ± 4.0 years; experience: 14.5 ± 2.0 years), and the majority (93.8%) reported that they learned about plants from their families. These individuals mainly use plants as a first-line treatment (100%) and provided information on 38 plants. The most commonly cited species were and with 46 citations, while the most commonly used plant was with six recorded uses. This is the first report of and as medicinal plants. Most of these plants are trees, comprising 29 from 23 genera belonging to 24 families, with a notable prevalence of Fabaceae (10 plants). Thirty-two diseases are indicated for treatment, with a predominance of gastrointestinal disorders (8 recipes, 7 plants, 152 citations). The root is the most used organ, with 21 recipes and 14 plants, while decoction is the most common preparation method, with 41 recipes and 19 plants. This study's findings indicate that a significant number of medicinal plants are used in traditional Mampa medicine to treat various diseases. Some of these species are endemic to the Miombo biodiversity, while others are shared with other cultures and regions. A series of pharmacological studies are currently underway to validate some of the reported plant indications.
Impact of Calcium Sources on Soil Chemical Properties, Tomato Growth, Yield, and Quality.
Adekiya AO, Ogunbode TO, Esan VI … +3 more , Adedokun O, Olatubi IV, Ayegboyin MH
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40589616 · Full text
Nigerian soils are generally light-textured and have a low cation exchange capacity, crucial for retaining exchangeable cations like calcium, which enhances tomato ( L.) shelf life. Therefore, screenhouse studies were co...
Nigerian soils are generally light-textured and have a low cation exchange capacity, crucial for retaining exchangeable cations like calcium, which enhances tomato ( L.) shelf life. Therefore, screenhouse studies were conducted to assess the effects of calcium fertilizers on soil chemical properties and tomato growth, yield, quality, and shelf life. Five Ca fertilizer sources were tested: no fertilizer, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, poultry manure, and cow bone biochar. Each was applied at 160 kg Ca ha in a completely randomized design replicated three times. The soil used was classified as Alfisol. Results showed that applying different Ca sources improved soil chemical properties (organic matter, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), plant growth (height and stem diameter), yield (fruit number and weight), and the mineral content of tomatoes. Results showed that calcium sulfate increased the Ca content of the soil by 1.25%, 9.82%, 20.11%, and 704% compared to calcium nitrate, poultry manure, biochar, and the control, respectively. Poultry manure enhances growth and yields the most due to its balanced nutrient supply. Poultry manure increased plant height by 10.1%, 11.2%, 20.3%, and 45.2% compared to calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, biochar, and the control, respectively. Similarly, tomato fruit yield increased by 22.5%, 20.16%, 83.4%, and 382.5% relative to calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, biochar, and the control, respectively. Relative to calcium nitrate, poultry manure, biochar, and control, calcium sulfate treatment reduced weight loss of tomato by 24.81%, 55.59%, 61.19%, and 104.99% and increased shelf life by 14.78%, 29.79%, 36.42%, and 69.44%, respectively. This effectiveness was attributed to its high Ca content. While poultry manure was effective in enhancing tomato yield and quality, it was not as effective as calcium sulfate in extending shelf life and reducing weight loss. Thus, future research should focus on the potential integration of poultry manure with calcium sulfate to develop an amendment that could improve yield, quality, and shelf life of tomatoes.
(Solanaceae), a New Species From Northeastern Thailand.
Chatan W, Munglue P, Promprom W
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40567387 · Full text
Chatan and Promprom, a new species from Mukdahan Province, Phu Pha Yol National Park, northeastern Thailand, is morphologically described and illustrated. It is similar to Nees and Kerr ex Barnett, but it clearly diffe...
Chatan and Promprom, a new species from Mukdahan Province, Phu Pha Yol National Park, northeastern Thailand, is morphologically described and illustrated. It is similar to Nees and Kerr ex Barnett, but it clearly differs from two latter species in several ways. Its young stems are armed with very few and thin prickles, which become unarmed as they age, with brownish-green prickles in live plants. The flowers are 4-5-merous, and the calyx tube is 5.0-5.5 mm long with brownish-green prickles, while the corolla is always white. The androecium consists of 4-5 stamens. The ovaries are glabrous except for sparsely glandular hairs near the apex, and the fruits are 1.0-1.2 cm in diameter, green at maturity. A key to these closely related species is presented. The preliminary conservation status was assessed, and the distinct morphological characters between the new and similar species were discussed.
In Vitro Regeneration of Anchote ( (Lam.) Cong) Using "Bulla" ( (Welw.), Cheesman) as an Alternative Gelling Agent.
Shibabaw D, Yigezu ZD
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40551900 · Full text
In countries that have food security problems like Ethiopia, anchote ( (Lam.) Cogn) holds promising potentials for food, feed, and industrial uses. Efficient utilization of such crops through in vitro propagation is limi...
In countries that have food security problems like Ethiopia, anchote ( (Lam.) Cogn) holds promising potentials for food, feed, and industrial uses. Efficient utilization of such crops through in vitro propagation is limited due to constraints associated with growth medium components. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of flour (bulla) as a substitute of agar for micropropagation of anchote using nodal explants. The experiment was conducted using different combinations of bulla and agar as a solidifying agent under completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement. The earliest and highest shoot initiation was observed when a combination of 75 g/L bulla and 2 g/L agar and 65 g/L bulla and 2.8 g/L agar was used as a solidifying agent, respectively. The highest average shoot number, 8.4 and 6.2, was recorded when 75 g/L bulla and 2 g/L agar and 65 g/L bulla and 2.8 g/L agar were used for micropropagation of red and white accessions, respectively. The maximum leaf counts were registered when the MS medium was supplemented with 75 g/L bulla and 2 g/L agar for red (7.6) and 65 g/L bulla and 2.8 g/L agar for white (7.0) accessions. The number of roots was the highest (12.6 and 12.4) on a growth medium supplemented with 65 g/L bulla and 2.8 g/L agar and 75 g/L bulla and 2 g/L agar for white and red accessions, respectively. The present finding showed that bulla has promising potential to substitute agar in plant tissue growth medium; however, characterization of its starch and identifying the primary active components are required.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments Incorporated With Nanoparticles in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.
Kaukab A, Nekkanti S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40524740 · Full text
Placing an intracanal medicament helps in the disinfection of primary root canals, and nanoparticles enhance the material properties by increasing the physical and chemical reactivity. The study was aimed at assessing th...
Placing an intracanal medicament helps in the disinfection of primary root canals, and nanoparticles enhance the material properties by increasing the physical and chemical reactivity. The study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of calcium hydroxide+calcium hydroxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide+zinc oxide nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament when compared with calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol in terms of antibacterial efficacy and penetration depth. Forty extracted human primary teeth were included in the study. Of these, 40 teeth were divided into two subgroups-Group A (to assess antibacterial efficacy) and Group B (to assess penetration depth). The teeth in Group A were contaminated with an biofilm for 7 days, and CFU count was determined. Calcium hydroxide (A1), calcium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (A2), zinc oxide with zinc oxide nanoparticles (A3), and zinc oxide eugenol (A4) were placed in the canals. CFU count was determined on Day 7 and Day 14. The teeth in Group B were also divided into calcium hydroxide (B1), calcium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (B2), zinc oxide with zinc oxide nanoparticles (B3), and zinc oxide eugenol (B4) groups. Two teeth from each group were subjected to SEM analysis. A statistically significant difference was noted in the CFU count reduction on Day 7 in Group A2, Group A3, and Group A4. The highest penetration depth was noted in Group B2. The authors concluded that the antibacterial efficacy and penetration depth into dentin improved on incorporating calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Based on this conclusion, the authors recommend further in vivo studies with nanoparticles incorporated intracanal medicaments in primary teeth to determine their safety of use and feasibility in a clinical scenario.
Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Abuse Among Healthcare Students.
Magableh RM, Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH … +1 more , Hayajneh FA
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40497010 · Full text
Substance abuse among healthcare students is a growing issue across various regions, including the Middle East. Here, we investigate its prevalence and correlates in Jordan. The study utilized an online questionnaire con...
Substance abuse among healthcare students is a growing issue across various regions, including the Middle East. Here, we investigate its prevalence and correlates in Jordan. The study utilized an online questionnaire consisting of demographics, attitudes toward substance abuse, the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), and the prevalence and types of substances of abuse reported by the participants. A total of 465 students participated, including males (41.3%) and females (58.7%). The results revealed a high prevalence of substance abuse (13.76%), which correlated with DAST-10 scores ( = 0.442, < 0.01) and was associated with experiencing suicidal thoughts ( < 0.01). Higher odds ( < 0.05) for substance abuse were observed with smoking (OR = 1.81), working (OR = 2.02), attending private universities (OR = 2.03), studying pharmacy compared to medicine, dentistry, and nursing (OR = 4.85) and being a second year student (OR = 3.23). However, it was not associated with gender, age, marital status, living arrangement, attended high school, GPA, and attending a course covering CNS drugs. In terms of attitudes, substance abuse was associated ( < 0.05) with the following: not believing that substance abusers should be punished or that childhood or friends contribute to substance abuse, believing that abusers cannot fully recover, and still wanting to interact with a healthcare provider who has a history of substance abuse. Lastly, seven drugs of abuse classes were identified, and the main reported class was benzodiazepines (22.6%). In conclusion, substance abuse is prevalent among healthcare students in Jordan and is associated with various demographic and attitude factors, which should be taken into consideration for developing interventional and preventative strategies to mitigate this issue.
Phytoremediation: Sustainable Solutions for Heavy Metal Pollution and Bioenergy in Bangladesh.
Ahmed MN, Afroze CA, Jahan R
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40453194 · Full text
Heavy metal pollution is plundering the well-being of people in Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia, which is also striving to secure green energy resources. This comprehensive review highlights the use of phy...
Heavy metal pollution is plundering the well-being of people in Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia, which is also striving to secure green energy resources. This comprehensive review highlights the use of phytoremediation technology to both clean up heavy metal pollution and produce bioenergy in Bangladesh. It emphasizes the dual benefits of removing contaminants from the environment while generating sustainable energy sources. We identified 16 species of hyperaccumulators with potential as bioenergy sources, including second-generation bioethanol, biodiesel, biofuels, biogas, and bioelectricity. This effort supports the adaptability of Sustainable Development Goal 7-access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all-and is aimed at helping Bangladesh achieve its target of generating 15% of total electricity from renewable sources by 2041. These species were effective in accumulating heavy metals from contaminated soils and wastewater. Bioenergy plants with hyperaccumulating activities can address the issue of biomass disposal by converting bioenergy production after the remediation process of chemical pollutants, leading to bioeconomic technology and increasing the acceptance of large-scale applications. Using advanced biotechnological approaches, it is possible to improve hyperaccumulating activities such as absorbing, accumulating, biodegrading, or immobilizing heavy metals. The review further provides recommendations, including funding initiatives, public awareness campaigns, collaborative efforts, policy development, and capacity building to enhance the development and implementation of phytoremediation technology using bioenergetic plants in Bangladesh, thereby unlocking its bioeconomic potential.
Psychometric Model for Service Firm's Intellectual Stress Diagnosis and Management: Development and Validation.
Emuobonuvie AE, Ekuobase GO
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40453193 · Full text
A modern service firm-a complex interaction of humans, technology, and corporate culture driven by knowledge and digitalization-is susceptible to intellectual stress (istress) as do humans. This is because both have inte...
A modern service firm-a complex interaction of humans, technology, and corporate culture driven by knowledge and digitalization-is susceptible to intellectual stress (istress) as do humans. This is because both have intellectual capability-intellectual capital (IC) for service firms and competence for humans. However, studies on the istress of firms are famished. As with humans, addressing this issue will help improve the value production capability and competitiveness of service firms. This study sets for itself two objectives: (i) identify the intellectual stressors (istressors) and inhibitors of istress on service firms and (ii) develop and validate a model for the diagnosis and management of istress in service firms. Mediating the transactional theory of stress and coping (TTSC) model, a conceptual model was formulated. The candidate constructs and indicators of the model were extracted from the literature via systematic and scoping reviews. These constructs were aggregated and streamlined into a questionnaire consisting of 108 indicator questions. The questionnaire was randomly administered online using Google Forms. A total of 185 (55.89%) valid individual responses were codified and loaded into SmartPLS4 for PLS-SEM assessments of the conceptual model including its ablated forms. The standard istressors and inhibitors of istress on firms have been validly identified. The istress value for the service industry has been estimated as -0.323. An operational model for service firm's istress diagnosis and management, christened MISS, has been developed and validated. MISS is capable of reverting istress of service firms from distress to eustress. The MISS implementation guide is also presented.
Antidiabetic Potential of Combined Cassiavera and Morel Berry Ethanol Extracts in Diabetic Rats.
Azima F, Ishak WRW, Syukri D … +3 more , Rahmayani, Iqbal M, Azzahra Y
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40433165 · Full text
This study investigated the effects of a combination of cassiavera and morel berry ethanol extracts (CMBEs) on diabetic rats, focusing on blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, immune and inflammatory markers, and pancrea...
This study investigated the effects of a combination of cassiavera and morel berry ethanol extracts (CMBEs) on diabetic rats, focusing on blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, immune and inflammatory markers, and pancreatic histopathology. Twenty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group A (normal rats), Group B (diabetic rats), Group C (diabetic rats treated with metformin), and Group D (diabetic rats treated with CMBE). Parameters such as the IC of CMBE, body weight, blood glucose levels, lipid profile, immune markers (leukocyte percentage, total count, and macrophage activity), inflammatory markers (TNF- and IL-6), and pancreatic histopathology of rats were assessed for 7 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test, with a significance level of = 5%. The results revealed an IC value of 18.5338 ppm for CMBE. Weight gain was observed in all groups except Group B, in which rats lost weight. CMBE was notably effective in lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, with rats in Group D exhibiting higher HDL cholesterol levels and total leukocyte counts compared with those in Group C. Furthermore, CMBE significantly reduced TNF- and IL-6 levels, exhibiting promising potential in promoting pancreatic repair. This study highlights the potential of a combination of Cassiavera and Morel Berry extract as an effective antidiabetic agent, suggesting it as a valuable addition to functional food formulations.
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