ScientificWorldJournal [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
In Vitro Propagation of (L.) Merr.: Optimization of Surface Sterilization and Effects of BA and NAA on Shoot and Root Induction.
Hongthongkham J, Srivarom C, Joomdok N … +1 more , Rattanasuk S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41090069 · Full text
(L.) Merr., or Wan Hom Daeng, is a medicinal plant valued for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Its bulbs contain flavonoids, phenolics, and naphthoquinones, but slow natural propagation a...
(L.) Merr., or Wan Hom Daeng, is a medicinal plant valued for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Its bulbs contain flavonoids, phenolics, and naphthoquinones, but slow natural propagation and low seed viability hinder large-scale cultivation and conservation. This study evaluated the optimal Clorox concentration and exposure time for sterilizing bulb explants and examined the effects of BA and NAA on in vitro shoot and root development. The results revealed that surface sterilization with 20% Clorox for 20 min yielded the highest explant survival rate at 73.33%. Shoot induction was significantly enhanced in MS medium supplemented with 2 or 4 mg/L BA, or a combination of 2 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA, all achieving a 100% shoot formation rate. Root induction was most effective in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA alone, also with a 100% success rate. These findings establish a reliable and efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation of , providing a foundation for its conservation, sustainable use, and potential commercial cultivation to meet increasing demand in the medicinal plant sector.
A Mini Review Validating the Therapeutic Potential of Spach Extracts in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris.
Kaweesa SP, Lukwago TW, Odoki M … +5 more , Ntulume I, Anywar G, Anokbonggo WW, Guyah B, Ombaka J
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41080417 · Full text
BACKGROUND: This study explored the potential of extracts as a promising natural treatment option for acne vulgaris. Previous research suggests that extracts might hold promise against factors that worsen acne vulgaris...
BACKGROUND: This study explored the potential of extracts as a promising natural treatment option for acne vulgaris. Previous research suggests that extracts might hold promise against factors that worsen acne vulgaris. This valuable information is however still scattered across various scientific publications, and this has hindered its accessibility, comprehensive understanding, and easy usage. There is need to review, synthesize, and compile this valuable information into a user-friendly article to enable easy understanding, accessibility, and usability of bark extract as an option to treat acne vulgaris. METHODS: A comprehensive assessment, synthesis, and compilation of the potential of for treatment of acne vulgaris were conducted through review of work done across major scientific databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar), among studies published in English between April 1980 and April 2022. The search focused on studies that investigated the plant description, traditional medicinal usage, active components of , its safety profile, and its efficacy against factors contributing to acne vulgaris lesions. The study included , , , and clinical trials while excluding computer-modeled () studies. RESULTS: From an initial 200 search results, 37 full-text articles inclusive of three informative abstracts met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed that extracts possessed several properties beneficial for acne treatment, including anti-inflammatory response, antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity, antilipase activity, and keratolytic properties (promoting skin cell shedding). Notably, key bioactive compounds such as garcinone E, psorospermin, mangiferin, and betulinic acid exhibit distinct structural features, including prenylation and hydroxylation, that contribute to their ability to inhibit microbial growth, suppress inflammation, regulate lipid metabolism, and all critical pathways in acne pathogenesis. These structural-functional relationships between phytochemicals and acne mechanisms support the pharmacological promise of this plant extract. CONCLUSION: The review suggests that holds significant therapeutic potential against factors that aggravate acne vulgaris severity. The stem bark of is therefore a promising raw material that could be used to develop topical formulations (gels or creams) for the treatment of acne vulgaris disease.
Do Caregivers Decrease Depression in People With Disabilities? Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Chilean Population-Based Survey.
Ramos-Carrillo CA, Torres-Marocho MF, Alarco JJ
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41064153 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Although caregiver assistance is generally assumed to improve the mental health of individuals with disabilities, this relationship has not been evaluated using population-based data. This study was aimed at a...
OBJECTIVE: Although caregiver assistance is generally assumed to improve the mental health of individuals with disabilities, this relationship has not been evaluated using population-based data. This study was aimed at assessing the association between caregiver assistance and depression among individuals with disabilities in Chile in 2015. METHODS: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the 2015 Second National Study on Disability (ENDISC II) in Chile. The primary outcome was depression diagnosed by a physician or health professional. The main exposure variable was caregiver assistance. Additional confounding variables were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The analysis included data from 2610 individuals with disabilities. In the overall sample, caregiver assistance was not associated with depression. However, stratified analysis by disability severity showed that among individuals with severe disabilities, caregiver assistance was associated with a 27% reduction in the prevalence of depression (PR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.89), after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with severe disabilities in Chile, caregiver assistance appears to reduce the likelihood of depression. Healthcare policies should promote and strengthen both formal and informal caregiving for this vulnerable population.
Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Information Utilization on Wheat Productivity of Smallholder Farmers: Evidence From Northwest Ethiopia.
Shitaye Z, Tadesse B, Enkuahone K
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41064152 · Full text
Smallholder farmers in Ethiopia face significant challenges in accessing reliable agricultural information due to limited extension services, inadequate infrastructure, low literacy levels, and restricted access to digit...
Smallholder farmers in Ethiopia face significant challenges in accessing reliable agricultural information due to limited extension services, inadequate infrastructure, low literacy levels, and restricted access to digital tools. These barriers negatively impact farm productivity. This study investigates the effect of agricultural information utilization on wheat productivity in the East Gojjam Zone of the Amhara Region. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 403 wheat-producing households. To address potential selection bias, a propensity score matching (PSM) model was applied, incorporating variables such as farmer mobility, access to extension services, availability of farm inputs, proximity to markets, and exposure to electronic media. The findings reveal that farmers who accessed and effectively used agricultural information achieved an average wheat yield increase of 19.675% per hectare compared to nonusers. This result underscores the crucial role of information access in improving productivity, particularly when supported by better mobility, strong extension services, reliable input supply, market accessibility, and media connectivity. Based on these insights, the study recommends strengthening the agricultural extension system, improving input supply chains, enhancing rural market infrastructure, expanding access to electronic media, and promoting cooperative-based information dissemination as key strategies to support sustainable agricultural development in Ethiopia.
Development of a New Index to Assessing the Safety Culture Based on the Edgar Schein Model (Audit Approach).
Eskandari D, Haghparast Ghomesheh A, Jabbari M … +2 more , Gholami A, Ahmadi O
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41040134 · Full text
Over the past few decades, particularly following the Chernobyl incident, awareness of the importance of safety culture has increased significantly. Traditionally, safety culture has been assessed using questionnaires, w...
Over the past few decades, particularly following the Chernobyl incident, awareness of the importance of safety culture has increased significantly. Traditionally, safety culture has been assessed using questionnaires, with results often influenced by employees' psychological states. Therefore, the present study evaluates safety culture through an audit-based approach, employing performance indicators grounded in Edgar Schein's model. To identify the key factors contributing to the safety culture index, Edgar Schein's model was applied. Relevant indicators were derived across three levels: artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), combined with expert evaluations, was used to determine the relative importance of these criteria. Finally, the company's safety culture index was quantitatively assessed using guide tables and the weighted contribution of each factor. Then, 10 indicators were identified across the three levels of Schein's model: quality of documentation and procedures, employee involvement, management of professional competence, change management, organizational learning, openness and communication, prioritization of safety, managerial knowledge, safety perspectives, and attitudes toward mistakes. According to the FAHP results, prioritization of safety had the highest weight (0.157), while quality of documentation and procedures had the lowest weight (0.026) in the safety culture index. An audit-based approach proves more effective than questionnaire methods for quantitatively assessing safety culture.
New -Derived Antibacterial Compounds Targeting Gram-Positive Bacteria: A Systematic Review.
Ait Assou S, El Hassouni M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41040133 · Full text
Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive bacteria like vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA), are a growing concern. This review highlights the potential of the...
Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive bacteria like vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA), are a growing concern. This review highlights the potential of the genus in producing novel antibacterial compounds against Gram-positive bacteria. The study was carried out following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). To gather relevant literature on novel anti-Gram-positive bacteria compounds produced by , a web search was conducted using several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering the period from January 2013 to mid-2024. The search terms employed in this study included "," "antimicrobial/antibacterial activity," "compounds," and "Gram-positive bacteria." Consequently, a total of 248 -derived compounds were featured across the 96 eligible studies. These compounds include 100 polyketides (58 aromatic polyketides, 30 macrolides, and 12 other polyketides), 72 peptides (67 nonribosomal peptides [52 typical cyclic peptides and 15 lipopeptides] and 5 ribosomal peptides), 23 terpenoids, five polyketides-terpenoids, six alkaloids, 12 phenazines, 11 nucleoside antibiotics, and 19 other compounds belonging to distinct chemical classes. The results emphasize that is an unlimited source of naturally occurring compounds with various structural variations that can occasionally have targeted action against a range of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Farmer Perceptions of Soil Erosion: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture in Soro District, Central Ethiopia.
Estefanos E, Bufebo B, Betebo T
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41017821 · Full text
Soil erosion remains a critical environmental and agricultural challenge in Ethiopia, particularly in highland areas such as the Soro District of Central Ethiopia, where land degradation directly threatens agricultural p...
Soil erosion remains a critical environmental and agricultural challenge in Ethiopia, particularly in highland areas such as the Soro District of Central Ethiopia, where land degradation directly threatens agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. This study was undertaken to better understand the key factors influencing smallholder farmers' adoption of soil and water conservation practices, along with their perceptions of soil erosion and its impacts. The study employed a mixed methods approach, combining household surveys, focus group discussions, and field observations to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from a representative sample of smallholder farmers. Descriptive analysis, principal component analysis, and probit regression models were used to analyze the collected data. Probit regression analysis revealed that factors such as sex, education, size of farmland, interactions with extension services, participation in conservation training, and household income all played a significant and positive role in encouraging the adoption of soil and water management practices. In contrast, soil fertility was found to have a negative effect on the uptake of soil and water conservation techniques. Farmers perceived damaged conservation structures, soil loss, and farmland fragmentation as key consequences of severe soil erosion. While most farmers recognize soil erosion as a major threat to their land, adoption rates of sustainable practices remain uneven due to economic, institutional, and knowledge-based constraints. The study underscores the importance of integrating local perceptions into policy frameworks and promoting participatory approaches to enhance the uptake of conservation practices. These insights contribute to the design of more effective and context-specific land management strategies aimed at ensuring long-term environmental sustainability and agricultural resilience in the region.
The Role of BSL-3 Laboratories in Pandemic Preparedness: A Focus on Brazil's Infrastructure for Biosafety and Disease Control.
Vinhas R, Oliveira F, Fonseca L … +5 more , Hodel K, Mafra C, Minafra C, Gonçalves M, Machado B
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41017820 · Full text
BSL-3 laboratories are fundamental for the safe handling of infectious microorganisms that require high-containment measures. Through a literature review, this work was aimed at highlighting the importance of these labor...
BSL-3 laboratories are fundamental for the safe handling of infectious microorganisms that require high-containment measures. Through a literature review, this work was aimed at highlighting the importance of these laboratories in supporting research and public health responses, especially during health emergencies. The review presents an overview of the global distribution of BSL-3 facilities, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory investments, and future perspectives on their role in national development. It was observed that the pandemic exposed limitations in laboratory capacity, leading many countries to operate in suboptimal environments, underscoring the need for strict biosafety standards and preparedness infrastructure. This review also identifies disparities in global BSL-3 capacity-particularly in low- and middle-income countries-and examines the Brazilian context, where the absence of a unified regulatory framework hinders progress. By synthesizing international trends and Brazil's recent initiatives, including the development of its first BSL-4 laboratory, this work contributes to understanding the challenges and opportunities for strengthening biosafety infrastructure in support of equitable pandemic preparedness.
Integrating Mental Health Screening in Community Pharmacies: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers Among Pharmacy Students.
Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40989830 · Full text
Mental health disorders remain a significant global burden, and access to timely mental healthcare remains limited. Community pharmacies, given their accessibility to the public, are well-positioned for early mental heal...
Mental health disorders remain a significant global burden, and access to timely mental healthcare remains limited. Community pharmacies, given their accessibility to the public, are well-positioned for early mental health screening. Here, we aimed to assess pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers in this regard. The study was conducted via a printed questionnaire, and a total of 211 students, with a mean age of 23.3 ± 3.32 years, participated, including males (35.55%) and females (64.45%). Most students agreed that they are familiar with common mental health disorders (44.08%) and the roles of pharmacists in mental healthcare (38.39%), but were neutral in terms of their ability to identify signs and symptoms (43.13%), awareness of mental health screening tools (32.7%), and confidence in their ability to perform screening (28.44%), with males reporting higher awareness and confidence ( < 0.05) than females. In terms of attitudes, the majority strongly agreed that mental healthcare is essential (50.24%), and most agreed that pharmacists are well-positioned for mental health screening (40.28%) and that screening can improve patient outcomes (39.81%), reduce stigma (37.44%), and should be a routine pharmacy practice (30.81%). The overall score of self-perceived knowledge was 59%, while that for positive attitude was 69%. Lastly, the participants moderately agreed on several potential barriers, including time constraints, lack of pharmacist training or education, lack of sufficient privacy, patient reluctance to share and communicate, and stigma toward mental illness among pharmacists, with agreement scores ranging from 53.25% to 64.75%. The results indicate a low level of perceived knowledge, moderately positive attitudes, and relative awareness of the potential barriers, suggesting a need for improved awareness and education in this regard.
Effect of 6-Min Mastication Test on Masticatory Function in Young Versus Older Adults: A Comparative SEMG Study.
Chilwan U, Shameer S, Hanan A … +1 more , Balasubramanium RK
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40989829 · Full text
Aging impacts masticatory and swallowing functions due to muscle atrophy, neural degeneration, and reduced endurance. This study evaluated age-related differences in masticatory muscle function using the 6-min masticatio...
Aging impacts masticatory and swallowing functions due to muscle atrophy, neural degeneration, and reduced endurance. This study evaluated age-related differences in masticatory muscle function using the 6-min mastication test (6MMT) with surface electromyography (SEMG). The study included two groups: healthy young adults (18-35 years) and healthy older adults (60 years and above). Muscle activity of the masseter and submental muscles was recorded using electrodes during mastication. Participants were instructed to chew bubble gum in synchronization with a metronome set at 80 bpm, with verbal reinforcement provided every minute. Results revealed significant age-related differences in the masseter muscle for all parameters and in the submental muscle for peak values. Older adults demonstrated reduced masticatory muscle performance, attributed to sarcopenia, neural degeneration, and increased noncontractile tissue. Within-group analysis showed progressive changes in submental muscle mean average and power values over the 6-min task, reflecting fatigue, while no significant differences were observed in masseter muscle parameters in healthy young adults, possibly due to a warm-up effect or compensatory motor unit recruitment. The study demonstrated that masseter muscle activity significantly declines with age, with large effect sizes observed for all the parameters. Additionally, fatigue-related reductions in submental muscle parameters were observed across both age groups. These findings suggest that age-related and task-induced fatigue differentially affect masticatory muscles, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to support oral function in older adults.
Understanding the Impact of Livelihood Diversification on Food Security Among Smallholder Farmers in West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Zewudie SE
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40978195 · Full text
Livelihood diversification is widely recognized as a vital strategy for improving food security among smallholder rural households. However, achieving meaningful diversification remains a challenge due to various socioec...
Livelihood diversification is widely recognized as a vital strategy for improving food security among smallholder rural households. However, achieving meaningful diversification remains a challenge due to various socioeconomic and institutional constraints. This study investigates the impact of livelihood diversification on food security in the West Gojjam Zone of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional research design was employed using primary data collected from 390 randomly selected smallholder farmers through a multistage sampling technique. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing livelihood diversification, while Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to estimate its causal impact on food security. Robust standard errors were reported to address potential heteroscedasticity, and diagnostic tests confirmed no major multicollinearity or model misspecification issues. Among the sampled households, 108 engaged in livelihood diversification. Regression results revealed that education (+15.4%) and household size (+5.9%) significantly increased the likelihood of diversification, whereas access to irrigation (-35.7%), livestock ownership (-2.9%), and credit access (-12.08%) negatively affected it. PSM analysis confirmed a positive and statistically significant impact of diversification on food security, increasing daily kilocalorie intake by 118-136 kcal. The findings suggest that livelihood diversification significantly enhances food security among smallholder farmers. Therefore, policies should promote diversification through expanded irrigation infrastructure, vocational training (TVET and universities), and support for activities such as animal fattening, dairy farming, and beekeeping. Extension services and microfinance institutions should be mobilized to provide technical and financial support focused on diversified farming strategies.
RETRACTION: Removal of Pb (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by (Linnaeus) Hoek.
Journal TSW
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40978194 · Full text
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1100/2012/793606.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1100/2012/793606.].
Corrigendum to "Efficient Removal of Brilliant Green Dye Using Mesoporous Attapulgite Clay: Investigating Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms, and Mechanisms".
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40937474 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/9799127.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/9799127.].
Effectiveness of First Aid Training at Home for Grandparents Caring Grandchildren Under 5 Years Old: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Rahim A, Asadollahi A, Mojadam M … +3 more , Šparovec ED, Kashfi M, Nazari M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40932835 · Full text
This study is aimed at raising awareness about home accidents among grandparents caring for their grandchildren and reducing the risk of accidents and premature death in children under five through structured first aid t...
This study is aimed at raising awareness about home accidents among grandparents caring for their grandchildren and reducing the risk of accidents and premature death in children under five through structured first aid training. In this randomized controlled trial, 76 older adults from a daycare center in Shiraz, Iran, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of first aid training. Pre- and postintervention assessments included PMT-based questionnaires and practical first aid skill tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS and JAMOVI. Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group compared to the control group in terms of first aid knowledge ( < 0.001), home accident prevention ( < 0.001), and practical first aid skills ( < 0.001). Effect size analyses (Cohen's > 0.80) further supported the substantial impact of the intervention across all measured domains. First aid training based on protection motivation theory significantly enhanced older adults' preparedness in preventing and managing home accidents involving their grandchildren. These findings underscore the importance of integrating first aid education into geriatric caregiving programs. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number: IRCT20180514039648N6.
RETRACTION: "Preparation and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites".
World Journal TS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40880611 · Full text
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/572726.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/572726.].
Urban Noise Pollution in Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana: Implications for Public Health and Quality of Life.
Sackey LNA, Amuah EEY, Asamoah DKO … +3 more , Amoah B, Amoyaw BC, Tettey BA
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40874049 · Full text
This study focused on urban noise pollution in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana, examining its implications for public health and quality of life. Five submetropolitan areas: Subin, Bantama, Manhyia North, Manhyia...
This study focused on urban noise pollution in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana, examining its implications for public health and quality of life. Five submetropolitan areas: Subin, Bantama, Manhyia North, Manhyia South and Nhyiaeso were selected to represent different neighbourhood types: commercial, residential and mixed-use zones. Ambient noise levels were monitored using a JD-801A sound level meter. Generally, the noise level ranged between 51.86 and 82.87 dB. Manhyia South recorded the highest average noise, ranging from 58.65 to 82.87 dB, and Nhyiaeso recorded the lowest, ranging from 51.86 to 74.83 dB. Commercial areas had the highest noise levels due to overcrowded areas, traders and purchasers, deafening noise from public address systems, and overwhelming honking from vehicles. The study also revealed average noise levels across all five submetros significantly exceeded the WHO 2018 Environmental Noise Guidelines, posing a potential health threat, including cardiovascular diseases, sleep disruption and cognitive impairment. The findings emphasised the urgent need for regulatory enforcement, spatial noise planning and community-based noise mitigation strategies under the oversight of the EPA Ghana.
Heavy Metals in Cannabis Vapes and Their Health Implications-A Scoping Review.
Gaur S, Agnihotri R
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40874048 · Full text
Cannabis vaping involves the vaporization of cannabis vape (CV) liquid via a vape pen made of metallic and nonmetallic parts. Recently, various metal contaminants that originate from cannabis, as well as the vape liquid...
Cannabis vaping involves the vaporization of cannabis vape (CV) liquid via a vape pen made of metallic and nonmetallic parts. Recently, various metal contaminants that originate from cannabis, as well as the vape liquid packaging device, were reported in CV liquids and aerosols. Heavy metal exposure from CVs is associated with various health afflictions and should be regulated. This scoping review intends to investigate the literature on heavy metal releases from CVs and their impact on health. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR scoping review guidelines. Initial search in electronic databases such as Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science yielded nine studies published until February 2024. The metals released from CVs, the variables influencing their leaching, and any documented adverse health impacts were recorded. Findings revealed that the structural elements of the CVs leached metals such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu), which were transported into the aerosol as tiny particles. Several factors, including the structural integrity of the device components, device age, operating temperature, vape liquid pH, and viscosity cutting agents in the vape liquid, caused metal dissolution. Even though none of the studies evaluated the direct health impact of these metals, they proposed that they may affect multiple body organs, specifically the lungs, where they were associated with electronic vaping device use-associated lung injury (EVALI). These metals might expedite the transformation of vitamin E acetate into ketenes, which are associated with EVALI. We can conclude that heavy metals beyond the regulatory guidelines are released from CVs and have negative health consequences. Further research is required to improve the CV design elements to lower the metal leaching. Additionally, disclosing the CV packaging contents to consumers is essential to prevent possible health risks.
Species Composition, Abundance, and Habitat Association of Medium- and Large-Sized Mammals in and Around Yegof National Forest Priority Area, Wollo, Ethiopia.
Ayalew Y, Getachew G, Yazezew D
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40843396 · Full text
Understanding the composition, abundance, and habitat associations of mammalian species is crucial for their effective conservation and habitat management. The study was aimed at filling the knowledge gaps regarding mamm...
Understanding the composition, abundance, and habitat associations of mammalian species is crucial for their effective conservation and habitat management. The study was aimed at filling the knowledge gaps regarding mammalian diversity and distribution in the Yegof National Forest Priority Area and its surrounding habitats. Accordingly, we assessed the species composition, abundance, and habitat association of mammals in the study area from July 2021 to April 2022. Based on plant physiognomy, the study area was categorized into five habitat types: natural forest, wooded grassland, plantation, bushland, and open grassland. A total of 13 mammalian species were recorded through line transect surveys. The order Primate was the most abundant taxonomic group accounting for 68.9% of the total mammals recorded. Among the recorded species, was the most numerous, accounting for 32.77% of the total, followed by (19.95%) and (16.15%). The abundance of mammals varied significantly across different habitats. During the dry and wet seasons, 57.7% and 42.3% were recorded, respectively. A statistically significant seasonal difference in abundance was observed. More than half (56%) of the species recorded were common to all five habitat types. The highest species similarity index (SI = 0.95) was observed between natural forest and wooded grassland. The study reveals considerable mammalian diversity in the study area, accompanied by notable variations in abundance across different habitats and seasons. However, the study area faces conservation challenges, including deforestation, illegal hunting, and human-wildlife conflict, which threaten population sustainability. Addressing these threats is essential to ensure the long-term survival of mammal species.
The Role of Congestion-Adaptive Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.
Rathod VU, Gumaste SV, Majumder H
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40832576 · Full text
In MANETs, the congestion-adaptive routing protocol (CRP) enhances data delivery by dynamically adjusting routes based on real-time congestion, unlike traditional protocols that lack congestion adaptability. The present...
In MANETs, the congestion-adaptive routing protocol (CRP) enhances data delivery by dynamically adjusting routes based on real-time congestion, unlike traditional protocols that lack congestion adaptability. The present paper discusses the CRP proposed protocols for evaluating the E2E delay, PDR, overhead, and energy consumption across various data rates (1-40) and communication times (0-900 ms) using the ns-3 simulator. The obtained results were compared with the DSR, TORA, OLSR, and AODV protocols. Results indicate that CRP delivers superior performance to DSR, TORA, OLSR, and AODV in congestion-aware conditions. The optimal improvements in the CRP protocol are observed for an E2E delay of 85% and a PDR of 53.84%. In the case of routing overhead and energy consumption, the performance of the CRP protocol has been reduced by 20.68% and 23.07%, respectively, compared to the DSR and AODV protocols.
Land Use Change Effect on Soil Carbon Stock and Selected Soil Properties in Gobu Sayyo District, Western Ethiopia.
Wako D, Welemariam M, Kitila G
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 40808806 · Full text
Land use change is one of the major factors affecting soil degradation. Growing population pressure has increased land use change with more negative effects on soil carbon storage and overall soil properties. The objecti...
Land use change is one of the major factors affecting soil degradation. Growing population pressure has increased land use change with more negative effects on soil carbon storage and overall soil properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of land use changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and selected soil physicochemical properties in Gobu Sayyo, Western Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from three adjacent land uses, that is, forest land, grazing land, and cultivated land, at 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. A total of 36 composite soil samples were collected, and the major soil properties and SOC storage of the area were analyzed and computed based on their standard procedures. SOC stock was significantly ( < 0.05) higher (43.09-81.86 t ha) in forest land and was significantly lower (38.08-43.09 t ha) in cultivated land at the top 20 cm. SOC stock decreased with depth in all land uses. Changes in land use and soil depth affected the physical and chemical properties of soil. The physical soil property such as bulk density (BD) was higher (1.62 g cm) in the cultivated land, whereas the lowest (1.08 g cm) was recorded in the forest at 0-20 cm depth. Comparatively, the moisture content was higher (25.89%) under forest land at the depth of 20-40 cm and was lower (11.22%) under cultivated land. The chemical soil properties like exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K were higher in forest lands. Organic carbon, available phosphorus (AvP), total nitrogen (TN), exchangeable calcium (ex.Ca), exchangeable magnesium (ex.Mg), exchangeable potassium (ex.K), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were lower under cultivated lands. pH increased with depth and was higher under forest land and lower under cultivated land. Soils of the study area are in general acidic to slightly acid, with pH values ranging from 4.6 to 6.02. The pH, SOC, TN, AvP, and CEC were higher under forest land compared to cultivated and grazing lands. It can be concluded that SOC stocks and the physical and chemical properties were affected by land use change and depth. Therefore, reducing the intensity of cultivation, adopting integrated soil fertility management, and maintaining forest land must be practiced to save the soil of the area from degradation.
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