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Zero-Dose Vaccination Among Children Aged 12-35 Months in Ethiopia.
Jarso H, Yohannes D, Gebru T … +5 more , Kebebe L, Mengistu T, Tolera D, Teshite B, Geda B
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41311513 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions worldwide. Approximately 62% of zero-dose children live in just 10 countries, including Ethiopia. In West Arsi Zone, f...
BACKGROUND: Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions worldwide. Approximately 62% of zero-dose children live in just 10 countries, including Ethiopia. In West Arsi Zone, findings from the rapid convenient survey (RCS) were inconsistent with DHIS-2 reports. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the proportion of zero-dose vaccination and identify associated factors among children aged 12-35 months in West Arsi Zone, June-August 2023. METHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study on 1456 children selected using multistage stratified random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with mothers/caretakers and record reviews using an ODK questionnaire. Data were cleaned and analyzed in Stata 16. Binary logistic regression identified factors associated with zero-dose vaccination. Variables with < 0.25 and practical significance were included in multivariable regression; statistical significance was set at < 0.05. RESULTS: The proportion of zero-dose vaccination was 9.62% (8.10-11.13). The main reasons included unawareness of the need for vaccination (29.57%) and unavailability of the vaccines/vaccinators (15.59%). Factors associated with higher odds of zero-dose vaccination were as follows: living in kebeles where health posts lacked refrigerators (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.25-3.45), communities without social mobilization for immunization (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.44-4.80), caregiver unawareness of HEWs (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.02-3.07), poor immunization knowledge (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.83-5.21), negative (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 2.25-7.97), or neutral attitude (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.36-7.52) toward immunization, waiting times > 30 min (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.67-4.97), lack of health education at the facility (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.44-4.27), mothers with no ANC (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.32-7.16), home delivery (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.30-7.20), and female children (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.10-2.78). CONCLUSIONS: Zero-dose vaccination is consistent with RCS findings and is unacceptably high compared to the national targets (100% Pentavalent 1 coverage nationally; 98% per district). Interventions should focus on increasing community awareness, ensuring vaccines and vaccinator availability, and promoting equal care for male and female children.
Novel Haloalkaliphilic Nitrile-Degrading Bacteria From Soda Lake Soil of Rift Valley Kenya.
Akinyi MD, Mwirichia R, Mugweru J … +1 more , Kimani NM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41311512 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Nitrile biotransformation has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its widespread applications in various industries. This study is aimed at investigating the ability of haloalkaliphilic ba...
INTRODUCTION: Nitrile biotransformation has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its widespread applications in various industries. This study is aimed at investigating the ability of haloalkaliphilic bacteria from extremely haloalkaline lakes in Kenya to produce unique nitrilases with nitrile-degrading potential. METHODOLOGY: A combination of enrichment and isolation was done on a mineral supplemented with either butyronitrile or isobutyronitrile, colorimetric assays, nesslerization method, Bertholet reaction, and molecular characterization. RESULTS: Sixty bacterial isolates were recovered, of which 14 exhibited 6 nitrilase and 8 nitrile hydratase enzyme activities. The isolates, affiliated with , , , , , , sp. YIM, sp. AKP2, and species, demonstrated optimal growth at pH 8.0-9.0, 5% salt concentration, and 28°C-40°C temperature. Notably, the nitrilase and nitrile hydratase enzymes exhibited optimal pH activity at 7.0-7.5. CONCLUSION: This study identifies novel bacterial isolates from Kenyan soda lakes with the ability to produce nitrilase and nitrile hydratase enzymes, which can be utilized for the hydrolysis of nitrile to carboxylic acid, ammonia, and amide. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: The identification of bacterial strains capable of degrading nitriles into acids and amide compounds that are environmentally safe and beneficial to the green industry highlights a promising approach for mitigating the harmful effects of toxic nitriles in the environment. Biodegradation of nitriles by bacteria from soda lakes offers a sustainable solution to reduce ecological damage. Techniques such as enzymatic assays, colorimetric methods, the Berthelot reaction, and the two-step nesslerization method are essential for isolating and characterizing nitrile-degrading bacteria. The discovery of these biocatalysts not only advances green catalyst research but also holds significant potential for applications in organic synthesis, biotechnology, and environmental remediation.
Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemical Analysis of Three Commonly Consumed Wild Edible Plants in Dibatie District, Western Ethiopia.
Anbessa B, Lulekal E, Hymete A … +1 more , Getachew P
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41293491 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Wild edible plants supplement households' food supply as seasonal or emergency foods in different communities of Ethiopia. However, local people consume them without considering their nutritional values. OBJE...
BACKGROUND: Wild edible plants supplement households' food supply as seasonal or emergency foods in different communities of Ethiopia. However, local people consume them without considering their nutritional values. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at evaluating the nutritional value, antinutritional, antioxidant, and phytochemical profiles of (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon fruits, (Wild.) DC. subsp. (Engl.) F. White fruits, and Benth. tubers consumed in Dibatie district, western Ethiopia. METHODS: Juices of edible plants were used to determine pH, acidity, and total soluble solid. Lyophilized powders were analyzed to determine vitamin C, proximate composition, minerals, antinutritional factors, antioxidant capacity, and phytoconstituents. RESULTS: The fruits had the highest ( < 0.05) acidity, vitamin C, and total soluble solid. The studied plants contained 2.50%-15.50% crude fiber, 0.75%-4.00% crude fat, 4.38%-10.50% crude protein, 59.63%-68.83% carbohydrate, and 267.75%-324.08 kcal/100 g energy. The studied plants had minerals like calcium (522.27-995.04 mg/100 g), iron (19.80-111.94 mg/100 g), magnesium (923.25-1592.18 mg/100 g), manganese (0.50-5.72 mg/100 g), potassium (591.69-1357.71 mg/100 g), sodium (0.60-17.17 mg/100 g), and zinc (1.00-1.74 mg/100 g). The tested plants had 65.11-70.67 mg/100 g phytates, 170.00-790.00 mg/100 g oxalates, and 196.51-11147.55 mg CE/100 g tannins. fruits showed substantial DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC value of 0.07 mg/mL, because they were significantly ( < 0.05) the highest in phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. CONCLUSION: The investigated plants were rich suppliers of valuable macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals, along with considerable antinutritional and antioxidant properties. Thus, they require special conservation and management measures for sustainable usage by the local communities and Ethiopian people as a whole.
Advancing Nutrient Management Strategies for Sustainable Crop Productivity in a Changing Climate: A Systematic Review.
Yimer AH, Tarnawa A
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41278586 · Full text
Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security by disrupting agricultural nutrient dynamics through increased temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These changes t...
Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security by disrupting agricultural nutrient dynamics through increased temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These changes threaten crop productivity, soil health, and environmental sustainability. Traditional nutrient management practices, often reliant on excessive chemical fertilizer use, contribute to nutrient losses, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. This review systematically analyzes 65 peer-reviewed studies (1998-2024) selected using PRISMA guidelines, supplemented by bibliometric tools, to evaluate nutrient management strategies under climate change. The results highlight climate change's multifaceted impacts on soil nutrient cycles, microbial activity, crop physiology, and crop yield. Elevated temperatures and CO levels alter nutrient availability and reduce grain quality, while erratic rainfall patterns exacerbate nutrient losses through leaching and runoff. Conventional fertilizer practices are shown to be inefficient and environmentally harmful, prompting a shift toward integrated nutrient management, precision agriculture, and biofertilizers. Emerging strategies such as slow- and controlled-release fertilizers, site-specific nutrient management, and decision support systems significantly improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Conservation agriculture and organic amendments further enhance soil health and resilience. The discussion highlights that integrated and adaptive nutrient management frameworks, supported by technology and agroecological practices, are critical for maintaining high productivity while minimizing environmental impacts under climate change. These approaches collectively support sustainable crop production, mitigate climate impacts, and promote long-term soil fertility. The review concludes that nutrient management is central to climate-smart agriculture and offers actionable insights for researchers, farmers, and policymakers aiming to secure food systems in a changing climate.
Breakthroughs and Opportunities of Biopolymer Coatings: A Bibliometric Analysis on Their Future Prospects for the Sustainable Food Packaging Industry.
Elmatsani HM, Setianto WB, Nasruddin N … +9 more , Yohanes H, Wahyuni NS, Rudiyono R, Astuti P, Susetyo EB, Djafar MJ, Astuti A, Arianto A, Lanjar L
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41267751 · Full text
Plastic packaging poses significant environmental challenges due to its resistance to natural degradation. In response, there has been a growing body of research dedicated to developing sustainable packaging alternatives...
Plastic packaging poses significant environmental challenges due to its resistance to natural degradation. In response, there has been a growing body of research dedicated to developing sustainable packaging alternatives, particularly those based on biodegradable materials. Biopolymer-based packaging is widely recognized for its enhanced environmental compatibility, owing to its capacity for natural decomposition and reduced ecological footprint. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of recent advancements in biopolymer coatings for food packaging, with a focus on their potential to enhance food safety, quality, and shelf life. Analysis of publications from 2015 to 2024 indicates a substantial and consistent rise in scholarly output related to biopolymer-based packaging solutions, driven by global efforts to mitigate plastic waste and its associated environmental impacts. The findings suggest that the future trajectory of biodegradable packaging research should emphasize the development of materials that simultaneously support human health and environmental sustainability. Bibliometric mapping identified polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), chitosan, and cellulose-based polymers as key areas of innovation, highlighting their increasing prominence and interdisciplinary research significance. These materials are notable for their biodegradability, and many also exhibit intrinsic functional properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities-attributes that are highly desirable in food packaging applications. Biopolymer coatings, in particular, have demonstrated excellent barrier properties, including controlled permeability to moisture and oxygen, which are critical for maintaining food integrity. Such coatings contribute to extended shelf life by minimizing dehydration and oxidative damage while concurrently offering protection against microbial contamination. Despite the promising functional characteristics of these materials, several challenges continue to hinder their widespread adoption. Key barriers include high production costs, the limited availability of industrial composting infrastructure, and the general lack of consumer awareness regarding appropriate disposal practices. Addressing these challenges will require coordinated efforts across research, industry, and policy domains. To enable scalable implementation, future innovation must achieve critical advancements in materials science, biopolymer production efficiency, and regulatory alignment. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach will be essential to realize the full potential of biopolymer coatings as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic packaging.
A Review of Novel Cancer Therapeutics and Current Research Trends.
Oluwajembola AM, Zakari S, Cleanclay WD … +6 more , Ayeni T, Adebosoye A, Okoh OS, Folamade J, Bawa I, Ogunlana OO
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41267750 · Full text
The unchecked growth and spread of aberrant cells describe a widely diverse collection of disorders that collectively constitute cancer. Conventional therapies for cancer, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and s...
The unchecked growth and spread of aberrant cells describe a widely diverse collection of disorders that collectively constitute cancer. Conventional therapies for cancer, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have increased the chances of survival significantly in most patients. These traditional methods usually result in low tumor or tumor cell specificity, significant systemic toxicity, and the development of drug resistance. This review summarizes updates in cancer therapy, some of which include cutting-edge therapies represented by CAR-T therapy, targeted therapies, gene therapy, arginine-depriving therapy, mitochondria-targeted therapies, neutrophil-targeted therapies, and the latest PROTAC technology for proteolysis-targeting chimera. It has emphasized mechanisms underlying these new therapeutic strategies and their translational potential for treating human cancers. We further discuss, for each approach, the challenges, limitations, side effects, and delivery systems. The review proceeds with a dynamic change in the landscape of cancer research in biology, where machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly important to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and treatment responses. We also describe the potential of stem cell therapy, metabolomics, and novel drug delivery systems toward better patient outcomes. The paper pulls together some of the current research findings and results of clinical trials in new therapeutic developments and emerging areas of research that hold out exciting promises for the future progress of cancer treatment.
Assessment of In Vivo Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Properties of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Linn.
Kabbo TBB, Rana MS, Dash PR
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41256237 · Full text
Linn.'s aqueous leaf extract was studied for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing potentials in animal models. Comprehensive in vivo studies were conducted in a mouse model using three well-established methods...
Linn.'s aqueous leaf extract was studied for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing potentials in animal models. Comprehensive in vivo studies were conducted in a mouse model using three well-established methods for evaluating analgesic potential; in all three studies, the aqueous extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses showed significant and promising effects. A 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous fraction, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, demonstrated 75% inhibition of pain; in the hot plate test, exhibited 80% analgesic efficacy (90 min later of taking dose); and in the formalin-induced paw licking test, exhibited inhibition of pain responses values of 32.31% and 66.61% in acute and chronic phases, respectively. By performing the xylene-induced ear edema method and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma test, notable anti-inflammatory potential was also found in the test fraction. Two hundred and 400 mg/kg dosages of aqueous leaf fraction reduced ear edema and granuloma brought on by xylene and cotton pellets ( < 0.001). Remarkable wound healing activity was also noted in the test extract in the burn wound model; the observed epithelialisation period for 10% ointment of aqueous extract was 13 ± 0.32 days, whereas the epithelialisation period for standard medication silver sulfadiazine was 14.20 ± 0.38 days. Moreover, probable components responsible for achieving these potentials were identified by utilising GC-MS analytical data.
Ethnobotanical Survey and Documentation of Medicinal Plants Used to Manage Snakebite Envenomation in Nyatike Subcounty, Migori County, Kenya.
Ojuka P, Nyamato GS, Santos CBR … +1 more , Kimani NM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41244138 · Full text
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional medicine plays a crucial role in managing snakebite envenomation (SBE) among the people of Nyatike subcounty. This region is particularly important for such a study due to its high i...
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional medicine plays a crucial role in managing snakebite envenomation (SBE) among the people of Nyatike subcounty. This region is particularly important for such a study due to its high incidence of snakebite cases, limited access to healthcare facilities, and strong reliance on indigenous knowledge systems. However, the medicinal plants used for this purpose remain largely undocumented, leading to a lack of scientific investigation. The absence of proper documentation poses a risk of losing this valuable knowledge, as it is primarily passed down orally within trusted families. There is a growing concern that this traditional wisdom may be lost over time due to death, aging of knowledge holders, or declining interest among younger generations. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study sought to identify and document the medicinal herbs most commonly used to manage SBE in Nyatike subcounty. By capturing this ethnobotanical knowledge, the study seeks to promote the preservation of folk medicine and provide a foundation for future pharmacological investigations into their potential antivenom properties. METHODS: Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted between December 2024 and January 2025, involving approximately 60 purposefully selected respondents. To document local knowledge on medicinal plants, the study utilized oral interviews, field walks, and semistructured questionnaires. RESULTS: Thirteen medicinal plant species from seven different families were identified and documented for managing SBE in Nyatike subcounty. The Asteraceae family was the most represented, with four species. Key patterns revealed that the most frequently cited species, Fresen (RFC = 0.75), L. (RFC = 0.42), Delile (RFC = 0.33), and (Hemsl.) A. Gray (RFC = 0.22), are readily accessible, fast-acting, and commonly used by traditional healers to manage SBE. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the extensive use of medicinal plants for SBE management in Nyatike subcounty due to the limitations associated with accessing conventional antivenom. These plants may offer promising leads for the development of plant-based antivenoms, either as complementary or as alternative therapies to current treatments. Further research is necessary to isolate the bioactive compounds present in these plants, assess their safety profiles, and evaluate their antivenom potential.
Avian Diversity in the Ethiopian Orthodox Churches and Monasteries in the Case of Jer Silase Monastery in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.
Desalegn T, Alemneh C, Diriba G … +1 more , Shasho G
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41220426 · Full text
Ethiopian Orthodox churches and monasteries help as critical biodiversity sanctuaries, mainly for bird species. The study was carried out in and around Jer Silase Monastery between October and January of 2021 using a str...
Ethiopian Orthodox churches and monasteries help as critical biodiversity sanctuaries, mainly for bird species. The study was carried out in and around Jer Silase Monastery between October and January of 2021 using a stratified sample design by dividing the study area into four habitat types: riverine, cliff, natural forest, and farmland. Both the transect and point count method techniques were employed. A total of nine transects and 96-point stations methodically created. Of the transects, five were applied in the cliff habitat and four were in the riverine. Of the point stations, 51 were applied in the natural forest and 45 were applied at the farmland. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. A total of 116 species, belonging to 16 orders and 49 families, were recorded during the study period. Four species, namely, Abyssinian catbird, Abyssinian woodpecker, Harwood's francolin, and yellow-fronted parrot, are unique to Ethiopia, while the scavengers white-backed vultures and hooded vultures are critically endangered species. In all four habitat categories, there were significant differences in the mean abundance of bird species ( = 0.001). There was no visible variation in bird species abundance between the wet and dry seasons ( = 0.085). During the dry season, the cliff had the lowest diversity index (' = 2.33), while the natural forest had the highest diversity (' = 4.24). The natural forest had the maximum diversity (' = 4.16) during the rainy season, whereas the cliff habitat had the lowest diversity (' = 2.94). During the dry season, the highest evenness ( = 0.85) was recorded at the riverine, and the least evenness ( = 0.39) was recorded at the cliff. Also, during the wet season, the highest evenness ( = 0.72) was recorded in the natural forest, and the least ( = 0.57) was recorded at the cliff. Enhancing community-based protection and integration traditional spiritual values with contemporary conservation strategies is essential for safeguarding bird species and their habitats in the current study area as well as in other Ethiopian monasteries.
Evaluation of the Protein Content and Variability of Olluco ( Caldas): Implications for Its Revaluation as an Andean Food of High Nutritional Value.
Gómez-Villanes N, Girón-Aguilar R, Aquino-Zacarías V … +5 more , Monteghirfo-Gomero M, Custodio M, Ortega-Quispe K, Ccopi-Trucios D, Pizarro-Carcausto S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41216215 · Full text
Olluco ( Caldas) is an Andean tuber essential in the diet of communities in the Andean regions of South America, generally cultivated at altitudes above 2800 m above sea level. Despite its importance, information on its...
Olluco ( Caldas) is an Andean tuber essential in the diet of communities in the Andean regions of South America, generally cultivated at altitudes above 2800 m above sea level. Despite its importance, information on its nutritional composition, particularly protein variability among varieties, is limited. This study determined the total protein content of 50 freeze-dried olluco varieties by the semimicro Kjeldahl method and evaluated the variability of the protein profile of these varieties by electrophoresis techniques (SDS-PAGE and ND-PAGE). The results revealed a wide range of protein content: 20% of the varieties showed high content (10.07-11.55 g/100 g dry weight), 62% medium content (7.00-9.98 g/100 g dry weight), and 18% low content (5.60-6.65 g/100 g dry weight). Analysis of protein profile variability revealed a remarkable similarity in the low molecular weight proteins, especially the intense bands close to 14 and 24 kDa. Cluster analysis of protein patterns obtained by SDS-PAGE allowed us to establish genetic distances and phylogenetic relationships between the varieties studied. The variability in the protein content of olluco suggests that the region of origin may influence the nutritional composition of the varieties. These findings highlight the protein variability of olluco and its potential as a valuable genetic resource for food security and nutrition in the Andean region.
Exploring the Parasite Biodiversity in Climbing Perch () in Buriram, Thailand: Morphological-Based Characterization.
Sriwongpuk S, Techaoei S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41180376 · Full text
is an amphibious freshwater fish species native to Thailand, which is afflicted by protozoan and metazoan infections. This study was aimed at identifying the presence of parasites in from Thung Lam Natural Reservoir in...
is an amphibious freshwater fish species native to Thailand, which is afflicted by protozoan and metazoan infections. This study was aimed at identifying the presence of parasites in from Thung Lam Natural Reservoir in Buriram Province, Thailand, between November 2022 and January 2023. The analysis of 120 climbing perches indicated a 100% prevalence of parasitic infections. Four species from three phyla and four genera were detected: , a monogenean trematode found on gill filaments, and three intestinal parasites: (Acanthocephala), sp. (trematode), and (Nematode). The respective prevalence rates were 100% for , 83.33% for , 63.33% for , and 26.67% for sp. Despite the widespread parasitism, no symptoms of illness were observed in the fish hosts. This investigation underscores the high prevalence of fish-borne helminthic infections in Buriram Province, Thailand.
Development of Straw Mushroom ()-Based Broth and Crackers: Nutritional, Microbial, and Antioxidant Evaluation.
Makkiyah FA, Andrestia CR, Raihan RU … +4 more , Karina, Harfiani E, Faranita T, Bahar M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41180375 · Full text
Straw mushroom () may offer a natural, flavorful alternative to synthetic food additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study was aimed at developing safe and nutritious straw mushroom-based broths and crackers...
Straw mushroom () may offer a natural, flavorful alternative to synthetic food additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study was aimed at developing safe and nutritious straw mushroom-based broths and crackers that meet consumer demands for healthier snack options without compromising taste. Broth formulations with 25%, 50%, and 75% mushroom content and crackers containing 50, 100, and 150 g mushroom powder were produced using a freeze-drying technique. All samples, including controls without mushrooms, were analyzed for microbial safety (total plate count [TPC] and mold yeast count [MYC]), nutritional composition, and antioxidant capacity ( < 0.05). Results showed that all broth and cracker formulations met BPOM (Indonesian Agency of Drug and Food Control) microbial safety standards, with higher mushroom concentrations, with the 75% broth achieving the highest value (2.86 ± 0.02mol TE/g DW), suggesting enhanced potential health benefits due to higher antioxidant content. Cracker formulations demonstrated nutritional profiles with moisture (2.16%-6.28%), ash (3.76%-4.39%), protein (12.36%-15.39%), fat (12.77%-15.74%), and carbohydrate (61.73%-65.98%). Microbial contamination in all cracker samples remained within safe limits. Among the cracker variants, formulation F2 (100 g mushroom powder) was optimal based on nutritional value and microbial safety. In conclusion, both straw mushroom-based broths and crackers demonstrated promising nutritional quality, safety, and antioxidant potential, supporting their viability as healthier alternatives to MSG-containing snacks.
The Psychological Effect of Excessive Gingival Display on Egyptian Females.
Amro LA, Abdalwahab MM, Zazou N … +1 more , Amr AEH
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41180374 · Full text
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of excessive gingival display on oral health-related quality of life of Egyptian females. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 individuals...
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of excessive gingival display on oral health-related quality of life of Egyptian females. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 individuals with excessive gingival display and 160 controls matched for gender and age, attending the outpatient clinic. The outcome was oral health-related quality of life evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. RESULTS: Participants with excessive gingival display had a higher total OHIP-14 score (6.37 ± 3.34) in comparison with the controls (3.68 ± 2.54, = <0.001). Impacts were also significant in the domains: functional limitation, physical disability, psychological discomfort, and psychological disability. Mean gingival display on maximum smile in the excessive gingival display group was 3.84 ± 1.13 mm. CONCLUSION: Excessive gingival display negatively affects the overall oral health-related quality of life, especially the psychological domain in this particular population. The results of this present study justify the correction of excessive gingival display to improve individuals' oral health-related quality of life.
The Prevalence Rates of Colistin Resistance Among Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolates From Thai Patients.
Kowaboot S, Tewawong N, Sreepian A … +5 more , Sreepian PM, Supcharoengoon U, Tonsomboon A, Watanagul N, Pitaksajjakul P
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41170286 · Full text
Drug-resistant infections, such as colistin resistance, are reportedly increasing due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, lack of good control, and the use of excessive quantities of antibiotics. Colistin resistance...
Drug-resistant infections, such as colistin resistance, are reportedly increasing due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, lack of good control, and the use of excessive quantities of antibiotics. Colistin resistance has been observed in bacteria of the order exhibiting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems. Currently, the prevalence of colistin resistance in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant obtained from patients at Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital, Thailand, in 2023 was determined by broth microdilution. Among 343 isolates, 1.45% (95% CI: 0.19%-2.73%, = 5/343) exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin between 4 and 8 g/mL, indicating colistin-resistant . Nevertheless, five isolates were positive for resistant genes by multiplex PCR: two isolates for -1, two isolates for -3, and one isolate for both -1 and -3. This study reveals crucial data on resistance genes, informing surveillance of antibiotic resistance, treatment decisions, and public health initiatives to combat resistant bacteria.
The Aphrodisiac and Androgenic Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of (Zygophyllaceae) on Nicotine-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats.
Nsah KB, Mogho NMT, Fonkwo NS … +1 more , Antoine KS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41140462 · Full text
Male sexual dysfunction is a common condition, typically managed with phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors and testosterone replacement therapy. However, these treatments often have undesirable side effects and are expens...
Male sexual dysfunction is a common condition, typically managed with phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors and testosterone replacement therapy. However, these treatments often have undesirable side effects and are expensive, prompting interest in plant-based alternatives. This study investigated the aphrodisiac and androgenic potential of () in a nicotine-induced model of sexual dysfunction in male Wistar rats. A total of 45 male rats were divided into nine groups ( = 5 per group). Group 1 served as the normal control; Group 2 received nicotine only (1 mg/kg) to induce dysfunction; Group 3 received sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg) as a positive control. Groups 4-6 were administered nicotine plus aqueous extracts of at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively. Groups 7-9 received nicotine plus ethanol extracts at the same doses. Sexual behavior was assessed on Days 1, 5, and 9, and animals were sacrificed on Day 10 for biochemical and histological analyses. Outcomes measured included reproductive organ weights, serum levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, oxidative stress markers, testicular protein content, and seminal vesicle fructose levels. Nicotine exposure impaired sexual behavior, as evidenced by increased mount latency and decreased mount frequency, intromission frequency, and penile licking. However, treatment with the plant extract effectively reversed these effects, restoring the sexual behavior parameters toward normal levels. Nicotine also significantly reduced testosterone levels (0.079 ± 0.006 ng/mL), while extracts markedly restored hormone levels to 1.002 ± 0.165 ng/mL (aqueous) and 0.865 ± 0.041 ng/mL (ethanol) and improved nitric oxide levels, and gonadotropin concentrations. Additionally, the extracts restored testicular oxidative balance and enhanced reproductive tissue biochemistry. These effects are likely mediated by bioactive phytochemicals such as saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which may promote vasodilation, modulate hormone levels, and enhance nitric oxide production. Findings suggest that may offer a natural alternative for managing male sexual dysfunction with fewer side effects than conventional drugs.
Comparative Evaluation of Tear Strength of Two Platinum-Based Maxillofacial Silicone Materials: Siloczest LSR With and Without the Addition of 2.5% Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles and Technovent (m511)-An In Vitro Study.
Sharan S, Sarandha DL, Sujana S … +2 more , Shah MA, Kamath V
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41140461 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to evaluate and compare the tear strength of an indigenous platinum-based maxillofacial silicone material (Siloczest LSR [Liquid Silicone Rubber]) with and without the incorporation of 2...
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to evaluate and compare the tear strength of an indigenous platinum-based maxillofacial silicone material (Siloczest LSR [Liquid Silicone Rubber]) with and without the incorporation of 2%-2.5% zinc oxide nanoparticles, using an imported platinum-based silicone material (Technovent M511) as the benchmark control. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six unnicked 90° angle specimens (ASTM D624 [American Society for Material and Testing)) were fabricated and divided into three groups: Group A-Siloczest LSR without zinc oxide nanoparticles; Group B-Siloczest LSR with 2.5% zinc oxide nanoparticles; and Group C (control)-Technovent M511. Tear strength was evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), and results were statistically analysed to compare the performance of the materials. RESULTS: Siloczest LSR showed significantly higher tear strength (22.64 N/mm) than Technovent (10.08 N/mm, < 0.001). The addition of 2.5% ZnO nanoparticles reduced tear strength to 20.54 N/mm ( < 0.05), indicating no reinforcement benefit. CONCLUSION: Siloczest LSR, an indigenous platinum-based maxillofacial silicone, exhibited higher tear strength than the imported Technovent material, supporting its potential use in clinical prosthetic applications as a cost-effective maxillofacial material. However, the addition of 2.5% zinc oxide nanoparticles did not improve tear strength and led to a slight reduction. These results highlight the need for further investigation into nanoparticle concentration and dispersion methods to optimize reinforcement without compromising the material's mechanical integrity and clinical validation.
Influence of Water Steam on Manual Metal Arc (MMA) Welding Failure Mechanisms of Galvanized Carbon Steel Using Microstructural, Chemical, Mechanical, and Vibration Property Analysis.
Ali AN, Yizengaw AB, Paramasivam V
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41127028 · Full text
The primary goal of this research is to use experimental and numerical methods to investigate the effects of water steam on the welded galvanized carbon steel mechanical properties, microstructures, and failure modes. Vi...
The primary goal of this research is to use experimental and numerical methods to investigate the effects of water steam on the welded galvanized carbon steel mechanical properties, microstructures, and failure modes. Visual inspection, microstructural analysis, tensile test, free vibration analysis, and chemical composition analysis approaches have been used to investigate the effects of steam water treatment on the welding properties of butt arc-welded joints. From visual observation, the steam heating has significant effects in varying the microstructural arrangements of the welding. Furthermore, the elemental analysis indicates the variations of constituent elements due to the variations of steam treatment days, which affect the mechanical and microstructural properties of the material. The steam heating of the weld to a certain limit indicates the enhancement of elongation up to 20% and the amplitude during the free vibration tests. When the mechanical properties are assessed using a tensile test, the results showed that the welded specimens had up to 425 MPa ultimate tensile strength and the unwelded specimens showed up to 369 MPa ultimate tensile strength. Generally, the steam heating treatment and treatment time have significant effects on the properties of galvanized carbon steel welds. If additional treatment and controlling mechanisms can be implemented, the steam treatment will have a positive impact on the enhancement of the mechanical, corrosion, and other properties of the materials for different engineering applications. The finding of the study is that steam treatment enhanced weld ductility and tensile properties, indicating potential for augmenting weld performance in thermal cycling conditions.
Immediate Postabortion Family Planning Uptake and Its Associated Factors Among Women Seeking Abortion Services at Health Facilities in East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.
Abera M, Animaw M, Assefa A … +5 more , Abdo AS, Belay A, Endeshaw F, Tsega D, Derribow AB
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41127027 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Immediate postabortion family planning uptake refers to the initiation and use of contraceptive methods immediately after an abortion treatment to prevent subsequent unintended pregnancy. Women should wait at...
BACKGROUND: Immediate postabortion family planning uptake refers to the initiation and use of contraceptive methods immediately after an abortion treatment to prevent subsequent unintended pregnancy. Women should wait at least 6 months after having an abortion before becoming pregnant again, according to WHO recommendations, even if they are eager to have a child immediately. Despite this evidence, many postabortion clients leave healthcare institutions without receiving family planning advice or services. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the immediate postabortion family planning uptake and associated factors among women seeking abortion services. METHOD: An institution-based, multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 women seeking abortion services in East Shewa Zone healthcare facilities from March 20 to May 25, 2022. A systematic sampling technique was employed to get a representative sample. Data were entered into EpiData Version 4.1 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Version 26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were done to identify variables associated with the level of immediate postabortion family planning uptake in the binary logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at value < 0.05. Finally, tables, graphs, and narration were used to present the findings. RESULT: In this study, the overall immediate postabortion contraceptive uptake was 70.1% (95% CI: 65.4, 74.6). Being single (AOR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.8, 8.0), educational status (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.4, 9.7), service received at public facility (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5, 6.1), previous information about family planning (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.9), previous use of contraceptive method (AOR = 5.4; 95% CI: 2.9, 9.9), and postabortion family planning counseling (AOR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.1, 10.4) were significantly associated with immediate postabortion family planning uptake. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: In this study, 29.9% lacked postabortion family planning uptake. Being single, educational status, service received at a public facility, previous information about family planning, previous use of a contraceptive method, and postabortion family planning counseling showed significant associations with immediate postabortion contraceptive uptake. Therefore, it is necessary to establish effective educational awareness and counseling aimed at promoting postabortion modern family planning uptake among the abortion service-seeking women.
Correction to "Diversity and Relative Abundance of Avian Species in the Wetland Area Northwest of Lake Abaya, Southern Ethiopia".
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41113278 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/9964189.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/9964189.].
The Effect of Auricular Massage on Naso-Oral Suctioning Procedural Pain in Premature Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study.
Ali RA, Obeidat RF, Oweis AI
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41098622 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), premature neonates frequently endure painful procedures that can lead to long-lasting sequelae, underscoring the critical need for safe and effective pain managemen...
BACKGROUND: In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), premature neonates frequently endure painful procedures that can lead to long-lasting sequelae, underscoring the critical need for safe and effective pain management strategies. Auricular massage has demonstrated significant benefits for children, including anxiety and stress relief. Investigating its effectiveness in alleviating pain in neonates could introduce a valuable nonpharmacological approach to pain management, enhancing the overall care and comfort of these vulnerable infants. OBJECTIVE: This research is aimed at studying the effectiveness of a 3-min session of auricular massage in reducing pain caused by nasal and oral suctioning among premature neonates in the NICU in Jordan. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial employing a single-blind crossover design was conducted in a single hospital. Preterm neonates were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In Condition I, neonates initially received auricular massage treatment after suctioning, followed, after 2 days, by no massage after suctioning. Conversely, in Condition II, neonates had the reversed sequence, starting with no massage and then receiving auricular massage treatment after 2 days. Pain levels in the neonates were assessed using the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) scale. RESULTS: Data from 60 preterm neonates were analyzed using the SPSS Version 28. Chi-square and independent -tests revealed no significant differences between neonates in the study conditions based on gender ( = 0.43), gestational age ( = 0.41), and body weight ( = 0.35). Paired -test results indicated a significant difference in pain scores when comparing periods of auricular massage to periods without massage. The mean pain score following auricular massage was 3.63 (SD = 2.36), whereas it was 10.23 (SD = 2.40) in the absence of massage. CONCLUSION: Auricular massage for a 3-min duration is an effective nursing intervention that warrants consideration as a nonpharmacological method of pain relief for premature neonates during admission to the NICU.
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