ScientificWorldJournal [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Impact of Tool Velocity Ratio on Welding Loads and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir-Welded AA7075/AA2024 Plates.
Rao MRD, Kumar BK, Billa KK … +2 more , Bhowmik A, Ashok N
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41552783 · Full text
The emphasis on dissimilar joining of aluminum alloys has increased due to the growing need for lightweight, highly durable structures in the transportation and aerospace industries. For these applications, friction stir...
The emphasis on dissimilar joining of aluminum alloys has increased due to the growing need for lightweight, highly durable structures in the transportation and aerospace industries. For these applications, friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state joining technology that offers better structural integrity than traditional fusion techniques, has proven very successful. The force-torque behavior and mechanical characteristics of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminum alloys, AA7075 and AA2024, with and without titanium diboride (TiB) reinforcement, are investigated in this work in relation to the tool velocity ratio (/). With a constant rotational speed of 1000 rpm and a 1.5° tilt angle, a cylindrical taper tool (3 mm tip, 6 mm length) was used. The traverse speeds were varied to 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm/s, yielding velocity ratios of 1000, 500, 333, and 250, respectively. To evaluate the impact of the TiB powder on joint performance, it was injected via machined grooves at the faying surfaces. The microstructural improvement, primarily grain refinement through dynamic recrystallization and Zener pinning effects from TiB particles, significantly enhanced the hardness and tensile strength of the welds. Enhanced particle dispersion and metallurgical bonding were responsible for the superior mechanical response. Because of better metallurgical bonding, grain refinement, and particle dispersion, reinforced welds demonstrated superior characteristics in microstructural, tensile, and hardness tests, particularly at higher velocity ratios (lower traverse speeds). At a velocity ratio of 1000 (1 mm/s), the reinforced samples showed the highest tensile strength (219.5 MPa), elongation (6.9%), and improved microhardness, resulting in peak joint performance. Conversely, unreinforced welds with coarser microstructures and worse mechanical properties were found at lower velocity ratios. These results provide practical advice for dissimilar alloy FSW applications in advanced engineering systems and validate that a high tool velocity ratio in conjunction with TiB reinforcement is essential for maximizing weld integrity and mechanical behavior.
Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antidiabetic Activities of From Nepal: A LC-MS, In Vitro, and In Silico Investigations to Establish Its Potential as a Therapeutic Candidate.
Bhandari R, Sharma SK, Bishwakarma PK … +6 more , Sapkota S, Yadav RK, P C HB, Poudel S, Shyaula SL, Joshi KR
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41541276 · Full text
(Family: Pteridaceae; Nepalese name: Raani Sinka) is an edible fern native to Nepal, India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. Ethnomedicinal practitioners from various ethnic tribes in Nepal have traditionally...
(Family: Pteridaceae; Nepalese name: Raani Sinka) is an edible fern native to Nepal, India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. Ethnomedicinal practitioners from various ethnic tribes in Nepal have traditionally prescribed it to heal wounds, diarrhea, dysentery, and gastritis. However, scientific evidence supporting these efficacies remains limited until January 2025. In the present study, we aimed to validate these traditional uses through chemical, in vitro, and in silico analyses of the plant's hydroalcoholic extract. The 70% methanolic extract of the plant exhibited potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC of 20.54 ± 4.4 g/mL. The extract also demonstrated potent and dose-dependent antibacterial activity against (zone of inhibition: 8-12 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration: 3125 g/mL), assessed using well diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. However, the plant extract was found to be a weak inhibitor of the enzyme alpha-amylase. Phytochemical analysis using LC-MS revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid, kumatakenin, quercetin 3--glucoside, and rhamnocitrin 3--glucoside; which, when docked against penicillin-binding protein's catalytic residues (SER 403, LYS 406, SER 462, ASN 464, and THR 600), showed binding energies ranging from -6.3 to -7.1 kcal/mol, suggesting prominent molecular interactions compared with meropenem antibiotics. Furthermore, kumatakenin satisfied Lipinski's parameters for drug-likeness, indicating its great potential as a drug candidate. The current study provides scientific evidence for the potent phytoconstituents with antioxidant and antibacterial potential of for the first time, highlighting its potential for topical application in treating bacterial infectious wounds.
Predictive Modeling of Tourist Satisfaction Based on Service Marketing Mix Elements Using Machine Learning Techniques.
Hoque MN, Jannat SN, Arafat Y … +1 more , Miah MM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41523236 · Full text
This study examines the impact of the service marketing mix on tourist satisfaction and loyalty, focusing on Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Utilizing data collected from 500 respondents and analyzed through advanced statistica...
This study examines the impact of the service marketing mix on tourist satisfaction and loyalty, focusing on Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Utilizing data collected from 500 respondents and analyzed through advanced statistical and machine learning techniques, the study provides key insights into the relationships between marketing mix elements and tourist satisfaction. The reliability of the constructs was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, all of which exceeded the acceptable threshold of 0.70, indicating strong internal consistency. Multicollinearity issues among predictors were resolved by aggregating closely related variables, reducing the variance inflation factor (VIF) to below 1.05. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first two components accounted for 97.88% of the variance, emphasizing the compactness of the data. Predictive modeling revealed that XGBoost outperformed other models with the lowest mean squared error (MSE = 0.10), root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.33), and mean absolute error (MAE = 0.25), alongside the highest -squared value of 0.74. Feature importance analysis highlighted that the combined variable price_place_aggregated contributed most significantly (68.20%) to the model's predictions, followed by promotion and process. Cross-validation confirmed the robustness of the XGBoost model, with a cross-validated MSE of 0.1273 ± 0.0170. The findings underscore the critical role of pricing strategies and location in enhancing tourist satisfaction and loyalty. This research validates the stability and reliability of the model by integrating sensitivity analysis and learning curve evaluations. These findings offer pragmatic recommendations for policymakers and tourism stakeholders in Cox's Bazar to enhance their marketing strategies and enhance the entire tourist experience.
Endophyte-Derived Metabolites From the Bark of : Source of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antidiabetic Agents.
Airin S, Bairagi RD, Noshin S … +5 more , Reon RR, Rahaman MS, Chakrabarty A, Acharzo AK, Islam MA
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497760 · Full text
Endophytic fungi have emerged as promising reservoirs of pharmacologically potent metabolites, garnering increasing scientific interest over the past three decades. Their ability to enhance host resilience against divers...
Endophytic fungi have emerged as promising reservoirs of pharmacologically potent metabolites, garnering increasing scientific interest over the past three decades. Their ability to enhance host resilience against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses further underscores their biotechnological value. This study explores the hypothesis that endophytes from mangrove ecosystems, specifically the bark of , thrive under extreme conditions such as high salinity, humidity, temperature, and variable soil composition and may therefore produce unique bioactive compounds. The endophytic fungi were initially cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB). The crude fungal extract was then obtained by solvent extraction, where the broth was first extracted with n-hexane to remove nonpolar compounds, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, which yielded the crude extract containing secondary metabolites. This procedure led to the successful isolation of three distinct culturable fungal endophytes, designated as X2, X4, and X7, and assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and -glucosidase inhibitory properties through solvent fractionation. Among the isolates, X4 exhibited the most compelling pharmacological profile. Crude extracts of X4 demonstrated notable antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC: 94.179 g/mL), supported by high total phenolic content (TPC: 66.542 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (TFC: 173.770 mg QE/g), and total tannin content (TTC: 42.717 mg GAE/g), although still less potent than standard ascorbic acid (IC: 15.987 g/mL). All crude and fractionated extracts exhibited measurable antibacterial activity, with X4 crude extract showing the strongest inhibition zones against and (21 mm). No antifungal effects were observed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 31.5 to 250 g/mL. Additionally, the X4 isolate and its fractions displayed significant -glucosidase inhibition, with the crude extract showing the lowest IC (0.416 mg/mL), outperforming its ethyl acetate (0.824 mg/mL) and dichloromethane (1.032 mg/mL) fractions. These findings affirm that bark harbors potent endophytic fungi capable of producing bioactive metabolites with strong therapeutic potential.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Rat Taro Simplicia From Various Drying Methods.
Sembiring BB, Suhirman S, Winarti C … +6 more , Haris H, Siregar TH, Maryana E, Harimurti N, Manoi F, Agustinisari I
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497759 · Full text
Rat taro is a potential plant as a raw material for medicine. Rat taro contains an active compound that is useful as an anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Standardization of raw materials is important to obtain...
Rat taro is a potential plant as a raw material for medicine. Rat taro contains an active compound that is useful as an anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Standardization of raw materials is important to obtain reproducible effects and safe consumption. This study is aimed at obtaining an appropriate drying method to produce high-quality rat taro simplicia from the tuber and leaf. The drying methods applied were sun drying, modified sun drying covered with black fabric, and oven drying. Simplicia of rat taro was made from the tuber and leaf. Simplicia quality was observed for moisture content, dry weight yield, ash content, water- and alcohol-soluble essence, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (IC). The results showed that the average drying temperature for the tuber was around 37.5°C-39°C, and for the leaf, it was 32.5°C-37°C. The drying time for the tuber was around 15-16 h, and for the leaf, it was 20-26 h. The average moisture content of rat taro simplicia ranged from 8.27% to 10.84%. The water-soluble extract content of the tuber was around 10.92%-12.81%, and of the leaf, it was 35%-39.10%. Alcohol-soluble extract content of the tuber was 1.88%-2.28%, and of the leaf, it was 6.35%-9.19%. The flavonoid content of the tuber was around 0.2-0.3 mg QE/g, and of the leaf, it was 4.1-5.6 mg QE/g. The IC value of the tuber was around 6477.70-8847.77 ppm, and of the leaf, it was 585.01-1189.63 ppm. The results revealed that the drying method influenced antioxidant activity ( = 0.028) and flavonoid levels ( = 0.009) in rat taro simplicia. The moisture content, antioxidant activity, and flavonoid content of the leaves were higher than the tubers. The most effective drying method for rat taro simplicia was oven drying at 37°C-38°C, which yielded flavonoid contents of 0.3 mg QE/g in the stems and 5.6 mg QE/g in the leaves, along with antioxidant activities of 6477.70 ppm in the stems and 585.01 ppm in the leaves, representing the best results obtained.
Indigenous Comprehension of Fodder Trees and Shrubs in Semiarid Areas of Metema District, Northwestern Ethiopia.
Melkamu Y, Masresha G, Ayenew T … +2 more , Alemu A, Tadesse D
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497758 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Trees and shrubs are a major component of the diet for livestock in Ethiopia, although they were not fully documented in many parts of the country. Thus, the study was undertaken to assess fodder trees and sh...
BACKGROUND: Trees and shrubs are a major component of the diet for livestock in Ethiopia, although they were not fully documented in many parts of the country. Thus, the study was undertaken to assess fodder trees and shrubs in the semiarid area of Metema District, northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: Eight Kebeles were selected purposively based on livestock production and vegetation availability. Cochran's formula was used to select 385 informants composed of 40 purposively selected key informants and 345 systematically selected general informants. Data were collected through interviews, guided field walks, and focus group discussions. Then, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Jaccard's coefficient of similarity (JCS), preference ranking, paired comparison, and relative frequency of citation. Knowledge difference between informant types and age groups was analyzed using -test and Pearson's correlation, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Livestock production is the main source of livelihood for Metema District communities. Goats were the most reared animals per household (34), followed by cattle (26). To feed the livestock, 46 fodder trees and shrubs within 36 genera and 24 families were identified. Fabaceae was the most species-rich family (17.39%), followed by Combretaceae (13.04%). Key informants reported significantly more fodder species than general informants ( = 0.001). They also have higher information consistency on accessing fodders. A slightly positive correlation on the number of fodder species was also observed between age groups. Leaves were the dominant fodder plant parts. was the most cited, preferred, and valuable fodder species. Goats browsed 100% of the recorded fodder plants. Most fodder trees and shrubs (91.3%) were sourced from wild environments. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the indigenous communities of Metema District possess high knowledge of tree and shrub fodder plants. The plants are vital components of their livestock feeding systems to improve their livelihoods.
Constraints of Access to Agricultural Information in Africa: A Systematic Review.
Abate MA
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497757 · Full text
This review is aimed at assessing the constraints of access to agricultural information in African countries. To conduct this, secondary data from articles were used. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select Et...
This review is aimed at assessing the constraints of access to agricultural information in African countries. To conduct this, secondary data from articles were used. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select Ethiopia, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda as the sample countries for the review. The collected data was combined and interpreted for a general conclusion and recommendation. The review highlights that in Africa, agricultural information was accessed from radio, television, mobile phones, computer and internet, face-to-face contact with extension workers, fellow farmers, input suppliers, town criers, agricultural research centers, and printed materials such as posters, magazines, newspapers, school/college notes and books, manuals, billboards, and bulletins. However, farmers face several challenges to access the information, such as illiteracy; limited information sharing among farmers; religious beliefs; lack of cooperative membership; unavailability or inappropriateness of information sources; the absence of aids to present the information; the failure to use local language; complex information; high costs of both information and inputs; inadequate or unqualified extension workers; a lack of farmer training, workshops, and seminars; insufficient reading materials; low extension-farmer linkages; poor public relations by extension workers; the long distance of training centers from farmers' homes; lack of rural electrification; and the absence of rural networks. There should be an expansion of information and communication technology for transferring agricultural information to the farmers in African countries.
Investigation of Field-Based Molecular Evidence of Natural Transovarial Transmission of in and Ticks.
Ulucesme MC, Aktas M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497756 · Full text
is a tick-borne protozoan parasite that poses a significant threat to sheep production, particularly in endemic regions such as Türkiye. It is known to be transmitted by ixodid ticks through both transstadial and transov...
is a tick-borne protozoan parasite that poses a significant threat to sheep production, particularly in endemic regions such as Türkiye. It is known to be transmitted by ixodid ticks through both transstadial and transovarial routes. This study was aimed at investigating the natural transovarial transmission potential of in and ticks under field conditions. A total of 751 adult ticks were collected from 84 small ruminants (41 sheep and 43 goats) in Elazığ Province, Türkiye. Following species identification, 85 fully engorged female ( = 45) and ( = 40) were incubated under controlled conditions to allow oviposition. DNA was extracted from the female carcasses and their corresponding larval pools and analyzed using nested PCR targeting the gene of . The results revealed that DNA was detected in 19.04% (8/42) of females and in 7.89% (3/38) of females. Importantly, all larval pools derived from -positive females also tested positive, indicating natural transovarial transmission. In contrast, none of the larval pools from tested positive, despite the presence of in the female carcasses. These findings suggest that may serve as a competent natural vector and reservoir for , whereas seems to possess less ability for vertical transmission of the parasite.
Assessing the Air Pollution Mitigation Potential of Urban Trees in Ghana's Central Region.
Nkansah FK, Belford EJD, Hogarh JN
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497755 · Full text
Air pollution is a major environmental concern in urban areas, necessitating the identification of tree species capable of mitigating its effects. This study assessed the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipa...
Air pollution is a major environmental concern in urban areas, necessitating the identification of tree species capable of mitigating its effects. This study assessed the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of four common urban tree species ( (L.) Benth., A. Juss, (Desr.) A. Juss, and (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby) to evaluate their potential for air pollution control. Leaf extract pH was determined by homogenizing 5 g of leaf tissue in 10 mL deionized water and measuring with a calibrated digital pH meter. Relative leaf water content (RWC) was calculated using fresh, turgid, and dry weights of leaf samples. The ascorbic acid (AA), total chlorophyll (TC), and carotenoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically using 721 Vis spectrophotometer. API was determined by integrating APTI with morphological and socioeconomic traits. One-way ANOVA and correlation matrices were employed to analyze variations across roads and the relationships among parameters, respectively. The findings revealed significant variation in biochemical responses among the studied species. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified AA, RWC, and TC as consistent key drivers of variation across all roads, while leaf pH exhibited site-specific influence. The mean APTI values of the four tree species varied from 5.39 to 8.96. Based on the APTI, the tree species were classified as either tolerant (> 7.5), intermediate (6.5-7.5), or sensitive (APTI < 6.5). exhibited consistent RWC and chlorophyll levels, earning the highest API score (81.25%) and an "Excellent" performance rating, making it a potential candidate for urban greenbelt development. can be used as sentinel species in urban greening because of its general sensitivity to the pollutants. and showed strong potential as bioindicators because of their physiological responses to pollution stress. This study introduced a new classification range for using roadside trees as bioindicators of vehicular pollution, particularly under conditions of low APTI.
Correction to "Spinal Anaesthesia With Hyperbaric Prilocaine in Day-Case Perianal Surgery: Randomised Controlled Trial".
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497754 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/608372.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/608372.].
Design of Glider Airborne Wind Turbine.
Akour SN, Al-Soud T, Al-Balbeisi R … +2 more , Al-Kabneh A, Akour WS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497753 · Full text
Producing clean and renewable energy is the aim of many countries worldwide. Wind is one of the most vast renewable energy sources. High-quality wind is available at high altitudes. To harvest such energy, wind turbines...
Producing clean and renewable energy is the aim of many countries worldwide. Wind is one of the most vast renewable energy sources. High-quality wind is available at high altitudes. To harvest such energy, wind turbines should reach such high altitudes. An airborne wind turbine system is conceptually designed to harvest wind energy at relatively high altitudes regardless of location. A glider is designed to carry a small wind turbine mounted at its nose. The glider is connected to the ground through a tether and electric wires to transmit power from the flying generator to the ground station. The resulting model airplane has a square wing with a Selig high-lift, low-Reynolds-number airfoil section (S1223-il) and a wingspan of 2 m. Tail airfoil sections are NASA airfoil 0012. The total mass of the glider is 3.35 kg. The aerodynamic design analysis is performed through CFD simulation. The forces and loads obtained from the CFD analysis are transferred to finite element software to perform structural analysis. Overshooting in lift and drag forces occurs in both cruise and nose-up flights. Such overshoot behavior is eliminated by the wind turbine rotation effect. The developed model meets the design objectives successfully, since both structural and CFD analyses show the aircraft's capability to carry the load. The CFD results prove that the glider is stable when the center of gravity is forward, and stability is achieved within 0.2 s. When the wind turbine is installed, there is slight oscillation in the lift force, but stability is reached within the design target of 0.2 s.
Bibliometric Review and Research Evolution on the Durability of LC3 Cement.
Shamseldein A, Shamass R, Zhou X
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497752 · Full text
The use of sustainable materials in the construction industry has recently gained significant attention. Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is arising as a viable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However,...
The use of sustainable materials in the construction industry has recently gained significant attention. Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is arising as a viable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, few studies were found focusing on the durability of LC3. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to assess the evolution of LC3 durability research using data extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases covering the period 2017-2025. A total of 21 articles were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer to evaluate publication trends, author productivity, journal sources, and geographical distribution. Results indicate a growing research interest, with publications peaking in 2023-2024. India, China, and Switzerland lead the field. Despite this progress, research gaps persist regarding LC3 performance under freeze-thaw cycles, alkali-silica reaction, elevated temperatures, and combined environmental exposures. Addressing these gaps through international collaboration and comprehensive testing is vital for advancing LC3's global adoption in sustainable construction.
Thermal Effects of Rapid High-Intensity Light Curing on Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Miranda SB, Santi MR, de Mendonça GL … +6 more , Falson LAS, Barza MJGS, de Sá Rodrigues VM, de Andrade AKM, Lins RBE, Montes MAJR
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497751 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether high-intensity, short-duration light curing of bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) causes an increase in temperature of the material, compared to the standa...
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether high-intensity, short-duration light curing of bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) causes an increase in temperature of the material, compared to the standard light-curing protocol. METHODS: This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and registered in the Open Science Framework database (10.17605/OSF.IO/UNW7C). Electronic searches were carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library databases for articles published up to April 2025. In vitro studies comparing the increase in temperature during high-intensity light curing and the standard protocol for bulk-fill RBCs were considered eligible. Seven different parameters assessed the risk of bias, and the studies were subjected to two 2 meta-analyses (light curing of 3 and 10 s and 3 and 20 s), according to the increment thicknesses (1-4 mm in depth) of the bulk-fill RBCs. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. RESULTS: The search identified 607 studies. After applying the eligibility criteria, six studies were included in the review, with one study classified as having a moderate risk of bias and five studies classified as high risk. Four studies were included in two different meta-analyses, which presented moderate heterogeneity ( = 56, 88%, and 66%, respectively). The first meta-analysis (comparing 3 and 10 s light-curing protocols) showed statistical significance ( = 0.008), while the second meta-analysis (comparing 3 and 20 s) did not demonstrate statistical significance ( = 0.20). The certainty of the evidence was rated as very low. CONCLUSION: The use of high-intensity, short-duration light-curing protocols is thermally applicable based on limited in vitro studies with very low certainty of evidence. However, in clinical situations involving deep cavities with reduced residual dentin thickness, the use of high-intensity curing should be avoided to minimize the risk of thermal damage.
Impact of Cluster Farming on Wheat Productivity and Welfare Among Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia.
Zegeye MB, Deredera MG, Asefa AB … +1 more , Tefera AB
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497750 · Full text
This study was conducted with the objective of investigating the impact of adopting cluster farming on wheat productivity and the welfare of smallholder households in the North Shewa zone of the Amhara region in Ethiopia...
This study was conducted with the objective of investigating the impact of adopting cluster farming on wheat productivity and the welfare of smallholder households in the North Shewa zone of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. The study used primary data collected from 394 households sampled using a multistage sampling technique. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. In order to investigate the impact of adopting cluster farming on households' wheat productivity measured by their production per hectare and welfare indicated by their food consumption expenditure, the study has used an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. The result of the analysis indicates that factors such as the household head's age, education level, perception of cluster farming, household size, farming experience, farm size allocated to wheat production, participation in farmers' unions, access to irrigation and information about cluster farming, soil quality, training, and proximity to resources have a significant influence on farm households' decision to adopt cluster farming. The results confirm that the adoption of cluster farming significantly increases wheat yields and directly enhances household per capita food consumption expenditure compared to nonadopters. Furthermore, the findings suggest that nonadopters could have achieved higher wheat productivity and improved food consumption levels had they adopted the practice. Based on these results, the study recommends that the government and relevant stakeholders collaborate with rural farming households to promote cluster farming in the study area, thereby improving smallholder farmers' wheat productivity and overall welfare.
Core Facility for Supporting Research and Technological Development in Health: A Review of Its Concept and the Brazilian Context.
Oliveira ABRE, Ramos MS, Martinez-Silveira MS … +3 more , Pinto CD, Ferreira CV, Machado BAS
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497749 · Full text
Core facilities are important infrastructures that support scientific research, technological development, and innovation in health. Their concept has evolved in recent decades, incorporating new characteristics and func...
Core facilities are important infrastructures that support scientific research, technological development, and innovation in health. Their concept has evolved in recent decades, incorporating new characteristics and functionalities that highlight their importance in scientific field. In Brazil, these units gained relevance in the late 1990s, accompanying the expansion of science, technology, and innovation policies in health. The objective of this study was to investigate the concepts of core facilities present in the literature, understand their insertion in Brazilian context, propose categories of conceptual analysis for core facilities, and define a concept that encompasses the main characteristics of these multiuser research support units. To this end, an analytical review was conducted through an extensive search for documents published between 1990 and 2024, involving scientific articles, technical-managerial documents, and research funding notices. The various definitions of core facility were evaluated, their main characteristics mapped, the Brazilian context assessed, eight categories of conceptual analysis identified and described, and, based on these, a new concept for these structures proposed. The results contribute to scientific literature and may be valuable for both researchers and science and technology managers in understanding their scope of action, in inferring their impact on biomedical sciences, and in building a management model appropriate for core facilities that support scientific research in the health field.
Impact of Climate Variation on Land Use Land Cover Change in Kassala State, Sudan.
Khalifa AESO, Adam HE, Musa FI
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497748 · Full text
Change in global weather pattern has become a major concern because of their direct impact on land use and land cover (LULC). This study, conducted in Kassala State, Sudan, examines how climatic variability influences th...
Change in global weather pattern has become a major concern because of their direct impact on land use and land cover (LULC). This study, conducted in Kassala State, Sudan, examines how climatic variability influences these changes. Additionally, the study is intended to find out the possible intervention to reduce the impact of wind and sandstorms in the area. Primary data were collected through interview, focus group discussion, direct observation, and analysis of satellite images. Landsat TM 5 (2002) and Landsat 8 OLI (2023) images were used for LULC mapping. Meteorological data were obtained from local weather stations, while social data were gathered through stakeholder interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel while satellite images were processed using supervised classification and change detection techniques in ERDAS and ArcMap. The result showed fluctuations in rainfall ( = 0.04), an increase temperature ( = 0.01), and higher wind speeds ( = 0.02). Forest cover declined from 17.11% to 13.20%, while bare land and shrubland expanded. The study recommends agroforestry systems interventions including windbreak and shelterbelts using and to mitigate the effects of sandstorms and land degradation.
Impact of Coffee Cherry Fermentation Methods on the Quality Attributes of Dry-Processed Coffee.
Moncayo-Palacios MF, Muñoz-Carvajal VH, Largo-Avila E … +2 more , Suárez-Rodríguez CH, Garzón-García AM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41497747 · Full text
The global demand for premium-quality coffee is growing, as more consumers appreciate its distinct sensory attributes. Fermentation plays a key role in producing natural (dry-processed) coffees with distinct and appealin...
The global demand for premium-quality coffee is growing, as more consumers appreciate its distinct sensory attributes. Fermentation plays a key role in producing natural (dry-processed) coffees with distinct and appealing flavors and aromas. However, improper fermentation conditions can lead to defects that negatively impact the quality of the coffee. This research aimed to compare various fermentation methods for producing natural coffees and assess their impact on both sensory attributes and chemical composition. Five fermentation processes were evaluated: exposure to air for 24 and 48 h, fermentation in sealed containers with CO for 24 and 60 h, and a control with no fermentation. The total sugar content was measured using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Fatty acids composition was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), whereas chlorogenic acid content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sensory evaluation followed the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocol. Results indicated that fermentation under modified atmosphere inhibited sucrose consumption, preserved chlorogenic acid levels, and reduced elaidic acid by less than 10%. Significant differences in sensory quality attributes were observed across treatments. Overall, the study concluded that fermenting coffee cherries under modified atmospheres is associated with the high sensory quality of natural coffee.
Fluoride Retention in Nocturnal Salivary Sediment After Use of a 5000 ppm F Dentifrice: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.
Franco Y, Paz E, Rezende L … +1 more , Vale G
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41357301 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Fluoride (F) is an essential strategy for caries control, with fluoridated dentifrices being the most effective form of its use. Studies have shown that salivary sediment retains more F than the supernatant,...
UNLABELLED: Fluoride (F) is an essential strategy for caries control, with fluoridated dentifrices being the most effective form of its use. Studies have shown that salivary sediment retains more F than the supernatant, contributing to its maintenance in the oral environment. This study was aimed at evaluating the bioavailability of F in salivary sediment after the use of a high-F dentifrice during the nocturnal period. In this in vivo crossover study, 10 participants used a dentifrice containing 5000 ppm F and collected saliva during diurnal and nocturnal periods. These samples were analyzed to compare F concentrations in the salivary supernatant and sediment using an ion-specific electrode. A two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, considering the factors "saliva compartment" and "period," with a significance level of 5%. No significant differences were observed between the two periods at baseline ( > 0.05); however, in both periods, F levels were significantly higher in the sediment than in the supernatant ( < 0.05). Immediately after brushing, a peak in F concentration was observed in all compartments, followed by a gradual decline over time. After 2 h, F retention remained consistently higher in the sediment compared to the supernatant, especially during the nocturnal period ( < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) confirmed higher F bioavailability at night, with values (mean ± SD, g F/mL.min) of 3590.1 ± 450.0 for nocturnal sediment, 2598.2 ± 209.9 for diurnal sediment, 2526.7 ± 579.2 for nocturnal supernatant, and 2078.4 ± 442.8 for diurnal supernatant ( = 0.03). These findings demonstrate that bedtime brushing with a 5000-ppm F dentifrice effectively prolongs F retention in the oral environment, especially in the salivary sediment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC) identifier: RBR-10bhvcr4.
Discovery of Bioactive Properties in the Seagrass Extract: A Triplatform Assessment of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Analgesic Activities.
Payel IN, Chowdhury MT, Momen MSH … +7 more , Sadia QA, Eshaque NH, Mamun MJI, Das S, Zohra FT, Parvez MJ, Hossen SMM
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41346866 · Full text
, a seagrass, was investigated for its potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and analgesic activities. The acetone extract of its leaves (AERM) was studied using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico...
, a seagrass, was investigated for its potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and analgesic activities. The acetone extract of its leaves (AERM) was studied using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. To determine its secondary metabolites, the total phenolic and flavonoid content was measured. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, while antidiabetic potential was assessed through the alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The disc diffusion method was used to examine antibacterial effects, and cytotoxicity was determined using both the brine shrimp lethality assay and the MTT assay on HeLa cells. Analgesic activity was tested via the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. Quantitative analysis revealed that AERM contained 19.04 ± 1.91 mg/g of phenolics and 14.71 ± 1.09 mg/g of flavonoids. The extract demonstrated antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 87.92 g/mL (DPPH) and 209.75 g/mL (ABTS). Antidiabetic testing indicated an IC₅₀ of 132.05 g/mL, likely due to -amylase inhibition. Strong antibacterial effects were observed, with efficacy comparable to the standard drug pefloxacin. In cytotoxicity assays, AERM showed an LC₅₀ of 31.41 g/mL in brine shrimp and a dose-dependent reduction in HeLa cell viability. At doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, AERM produced significant analgesic effects ( < 0.001) in both the acetic acid and formalin-induced pain models. Molecular docking and ADME/T analyses suggested high binding affinities, good pharmacokinetic properties, and a nontoxic profile. Overall, the results indicate that AERM has promising pharmacological potential as a natural therapeutic agent. However, further studies with larger sample sizes, repeated trials, and broader dose-response evaluations in various animal models are essential to confirm these findings.
Correction to "A Lingual Agnostic Information Retrieval System".
ScientificWorldJournal · 2025 · PMID 41346865 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/6949281.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/6949281.].
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