Int J Sports Med [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Sarcopenia: an Aging Perspective and Management Options.
Teixeira AM, Nosrani SE, Parvani M … +2 more , Viola J, Mohammadi S
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40199507 · Publisher ↗
There is no doubt that sarcopenia is one of the most defining characteristics of aging that negatively impacts the people's health and quality of life. The condition is characterized by the progressive and generalized lo...
There is no doubt that sarcopenia is one of the most defining characteristics of aging that negatively impacts the people's health and quality of life. The condition is characterized by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength, affecting physical performance. It is part of aging but can be exacerbated by pathophysiological conditions like cancer and several factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, chronic diseases, falls and immobilization. Numerous cellular mechanisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis, including hormonal changes, mitochondrial dysfunctions, altered apoptotic and autophagic signaling, muscle fiber composition, and inflammatory pathways. To prevent sarcopenia, exercise is one of the most effective strategies as it has a strong influence on both anabolic and catabolic muscle pathways and helps improve skeletal muscle function. A well-rounded, multicomponent exercise program that targets muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and balance is recommended for optimal results. While nutrition is essential for muscle maintenance, relying solely on dietary interventions is unlikely to fully address sarcopenia. Therefore, a combination of adequate nutrition and regular exercise is recommended to promote muscle health and function. The purpose of this study is to review sarcopenia from an aging viewpoint and discuss the role of exercise and nutrition as prevention and management options.
Tracking Methods in Sports: a Review of Advances, Quality, and Challenges in Performance Data.
Moura FA, Caetano FG, Torres RDS
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Aug · PMID 40199506 · Publisher ↗
Tracking systems in sports aim to record the athlete's position as a function of time. From these data, information on physical, tactical and technical performance is obtained and assists coaches and players in decision-...
Tracking systems in sports aim to record the athlete's position as a function of time. From these data, information on physical, tactical and technical performance is obtained and assists coaches and players in decision-making during the training and competition routine. The implementation, feasibility, and quality of data generated by tracking systems depend on the conditions of each sporting environment and their requirements. This narrative review addresses the fundamentals of the main tracking systems, including algorithms based on computer vision and artificial intelligence for processing videos and global (global positioning system and global navigation satellite system) and local positioning systems. We also address technological advances for obtaining data from human pose estimation and the main validation or quality analysis studies of each method. Finally, we present a series of recommendations and future directions for the evaluation and development of automatic and accurate athlete tracking tools.
Acute electrical muscle stimulation effects on strength and anaerobic power in soccer players.
Sofuoğlu C, Fujita RA, Keskin K … +2 more , Kamiş O, Akçay N
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40112871 · Publisher ↗
Anaerobic power and lower limb muscle strength are of great importance in soccer, and various preloading strategies are used to improve these abilities. We investigated the acute effects of electrical muscle stimulation...
Anaerobic power and lower limb muscle strength are of great importance in soccer, and various preloading strategies are used to improve these abilities. We investigated the acute effects of electrical muscle stimulation on muscle strength and anaerobic power in soccer players. Nineteen healthy male soccer players (age=21.1±1.6 y, training experience=10.1±3.2 y, height=178.1±4.0 cm, and body mass=8.9±3.7 kg) participated in the study. A placebo effect was created without telling the participants that which current (intensity) was applied. After the current applied to the quadriceps muscles, strength and anaerobic power tests were performed. Perceived exertion assessment was also collected after the performance tests. The 75 Hz current exhibited better performance in dominant (<0.001 and =0.75) quadriceps muscle group strength (kg). The 75 Hz current condition peak power had significantly higher values than 15 Hz (<0.05 and =0.38) and 104 Hz conditions (<0.05 and =0.60). Therefore, the 75 Hz current was the most successful in improving lower extremity strength and anaerobic power performances of soccer players. Future research should examine how to utilize sport-specific abilities related to strength and anaerobic power in soccer players for longer periods at peak.
Cardiac remodeling in university athletes: non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging study.
Liang H, Kong L, Yang X … +2 more , Wang J, Diao K
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40112870 · Publisher ↗
Early detection of exercise-induced cardiac anomalies is a key to clinical management for individuals engaged in vigorous exercise training. This study aimed to investigate cardiovascular adaptation in university student...
Early detection of exercise-induced cardiac anomalies is a key to clinical management for individuals engaged in vigorous exercise training. This study aimed to investigate cardiovascular adaptation in university students engaged in intensive exercises using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. For this prospective, single-center study, 50 university students who finished a four-year intensively endurance training and 23 age- and gender- matched controls received cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Exercised participants were further divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Left ventricular volumes and volumes indexed to the body surface were calculated. Global peak strains and systolic and diastolic peak strain rates were derived from cine images using a feature tracking technique. Analysis of variance analyses were performed. Fifty exercised participants (mean age: 21±1 y; 43 males, including 21 symptomatic and 29 asymptomatic cases) and 23 normal controls (mean age: 21±2 y, 20 males) were evaluated. Exercised participants exhibited a higher end-diastolic left ventricular volume (76.0±10.6 ml vs. 63.5±7.5 ml, <0.001), a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (59.9%±5.3 vs. 63.0%±3.2, =0.002) and a reduced global longitudinal strain (-18.25±3.32 vs.-19.85±1.29, =0.004) than the normal control participants. Symptomatic excised participants showed reduced peak strains compared to both asymptomatic participants and normal controls. Only a circumferential diastolic peak strain rate was reduced when compared between asymptomatic cases and controls. In conclusions, highly intensive exercises could result in elevated left ventricular volumes and reduced myocardial strains for young university students. Furthermore, reduced myocardial strains were found for those symptomatic cases which remain within non-pathological ranges.
Biological sex differences in fatigue in resistance-trained individuals: A scoping review.
Amdi CH, Fyfe J, Yoon S … +2 more , Nuckols G, Refalo M
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40112869 · Publisher ↗
Females may experience less neuromuscular fatigue and improved recovery following resistance training than males; however, it is unclear whether this applies to resistance-trained individuals. A systematic scoping review...
Females may experience less neuromuscular fatigue and improved recovery following resistance training than males; however, it is unclear whether this applies to resistance-trained individuals. A systematic scoping review was performed to map the evidence on sex differences in fatigue during and following resistance training in trained participants. PubMed, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered. Of the 4,020 identified articles, 34 were included. These studies assessed sex differences in fatigue using various measures during single and multiple resistance training sets, performance relative to the baseline at various time points (0-5 min, 1-6 h, 24 h, and 48-96 h after resistance training), and metabolic responses. Substantial heterogeneity in study design and results were observed. Together, most studies found minor-to-no sex differences in neuromuscular fatigue, but some evidence of greater fatigability in males during or immediately following resistance training were found when (1) more complex free-weight exercises were performed with moderate loads, (2) rest periods were shorter, and (3) males were substantially stronger than females in relative terms, among others. Future investigations should explore the impact of training variables and habitual training on fatigue in males and females of comparable relative strength and technical proficiency.
Association of blood lactate accumulation with fat metabolism during exercise: method matters.
Chavez-Guevara IA, Ferri-Marini C, Peric R … +4 more , Egan B, Rubio-Valles M, Duron-Borjas MC, Ramos A
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40112868 · Publisher ↗
This study examined if analytical procedures influence the relationship between lactate metabolism and fat oxidation during exercise in 54 young men (age: 27±7 y; body fat: 23±10%; VO: 46.9±10.2 mL·kg·min). The first lac...
This study examined if analytical procedures influence the relationship between lactate metabolism and fat oxidation during exercise in 54 young men (age: 27±7 y; body fat: 23±10%; VO: 46.9±10.2 mL·kg·min). The first lactate threshold was assessed using the log-log transformation of blood lactate and running speed (LT1log-log), an increase of 1 mM above the baseline (LT1Bsln1.0), and a fixed blood lactate concentration of 2 mM (LT1OBLA2). The second lactate threshold was determined using the maximal distance approach (LT2Dmax) and a fixed lactate concentration of 4 mM (LT2OBLA4). The highest (FATmax) and lowest (FATmin) fat oxidation rates were determined using a third-degree polynomial regression (P3), visual inspection, and mathematical modeling (SIN). FATmax and FATmin showed the strongest correlation with LT1log-log (: 0.65, <0.01) and LT2OBLA4 (: 0.81, <0.01), regardless of fitness. FATmaxP3 and LTOBLA2 showed the best agreement in untrained individuals. Conversely, FATmaxP3 and LT1log-log showed the best agreement in obese men and trained subjects. LT2OBLA4 showed the best agreement with FATmin. When investigating the association between fat oxidation and lactate metabolism during exercise, LT1log-log and LT2OBLA4 should be computed, while mathematical modeling or visual analysis should be applied for FATmax, depending on the fitness level.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups: a key to improved isokinetic performance.
Yıldız M, Çebi M
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40107282 · Publisher ↗
This study examined the immediate effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups on isokinetic strength, endurance, and body balance in 50 football players. Data collection spanned four sessions, each sepa...
This study examined the immediate effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups on isokinetic strength, endurance, and body balance in 50 football players. Data collection spanned four sessions, each separated by full rest. The isokinetic strength of the hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension was measured using a dynamometer at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s. Endurance was assessed at 240°/s through 25 repetitions, analyzing peak torque changes. On the first day, participants performed general warm-ups followed by balance and strength tests. Subsequent sessions repeated these tests with additional measurements. Results showed that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups significantly improved the static and dynamic balance compared to other methods. Peak torque measurements at all speeds also highlighted the superior effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups. Additionally, this warm-up approach provided greater acute enhancement in knee joint isokinetic endurance. In conclusion, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups increased the isokinetic strength, endurance, and balance in football players. Incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups into football training especially for lower body preparation is recommended. Combining them with active warm-ups may further boost acute performance.
Biomechanical changes after total vs. resurfacing hip replacement: a systematic review.
Sung JH, Kim GT, Lee J … +2 more , Jung HC, Wang J
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40107281 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of changes in kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity between total hip arthroplasty and resurfacing hip arthroplasty during activities...
The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of changes in kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity between total hip arthroplasty and resurfacing hip arthroplasty during activities of daily living. Relevant articles were selected through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) participants underwent total hip arthroplasty or resurfacing hip arthroplasty without restriction on the arthroplasty design, (2) involved either kinematic, kinetic, or muscle activity variables as the primary outcome measure, (3) evaluated daily activities such as gait, sit-to-stand, stair negotiation, and balancing, and (4) were written in English. A total of 18 articles were included in the current systematic review. The resurfacing hip arthroplasty group exhibited faster functional recovery after surgery compared to total hip arthroplasty by improving the hip range of motions, peak vertical ground reaction force, and peak hip abduction moment. Evaluation of the biomechanical changes during stair negotiation and sit-to-stand transfers is further needed to evaluate comprehensive aspects of functional ability. The findings of this review provide a comprehensive overview and help to understand the biomechanical changes for patients with total hip arthroplasty vs. resurfacing hip arthroplasty during daily activities. Therefore, this review may serve as a basis for future studies potentially aiding in optimizing hip joint replacement.
Effects of HIIT and Sprint Interval Training on Adiposity in Overweight Adults: A Meta-analysis.
Liu H, Li Q, Yang W … +4 more , Poon ET, Liu H, Bao D, Ho IMK
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Dec · PMID 40097160 · Publisher ↗
A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training on body fat reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Sy...
A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training on body fat reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, eight databases were searched, yielding 10 relevant studies involving 343 participants. Both high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training significantly reduced body fat% (standardized mean difference=- 0.56, 95% confidence interval=(- 0.89,-0.24), and =0.001 and standardized mean difference=- 0.57, 95% confidence interval=(- 0.85,-0.29), and =0.000, respectively), fat mass (standardized mean difference=- 0.62, 95% confidence interval=(- 1.01,-0.23), and =0.002 and standardized mean difference=- 0.51, 95% confidence interval=(- 0.81,-0.21), and =0.001, respectively), and body mass (standardized mean difference=- 0.43, 95% confidence interval=(- 0.75,-0.11), and =0.009 and standardized mean difference=- 0.34, 95% confidence interval=(- 0.58,-0.10), and =0.006, respectively). No significant differences were found between high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training in terms of body composition changes. However, the time spent on sprint interval training was approximately 50% less than that of high-intensity interval training. Subgroup analysis suggested that sprint interval training with shorter work durations (less than 10 s) was more effective in obesity control. In conclusion, both high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training demonstrated similar effectiveness in improving body adiposity. Given its time efficiency and straightforward intensity monitoring, sprint interval training may serve as a viable alternative exercise program for promoting fat reduction in adults with overweight or obesity, provided that it is appropriately designed.
Contextual factors influencing basketball training and competition demands: a systematic review.
Sansone P, Alonso Perez Chao E, Li F … +3 more , Gasperi L, Gómez-Ruano MA, Conte D
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40090325 · Publisher ↗
This systematic review described the effects of contextual factors on basketball training and competition demands. A comprehensive search and process led to the inclusion of 28 articles representing 646 basketball player...
This systematic review described the effects of contextual factors on basketball training and competition demands. A comprehensive search and process led to the inclusion of 28 articles representing 646 basketball players. Fourteen contextual factors were identified. A decrease in external load variables was evident in the fourth quarter of games compared to the first quarter (effect sizes: small-large). The impact of game locations on load variables was inconsistent. Game outcomes did not influence external or internal loads. Conversely, close games were associated with higher physical and physiological demands than unbalanced games (effect sizes: moderate-very large). Higher external game loads were found in won quarters (effect size: small) and during scoring streaks (effect size: moderate). In youth male teams, those with superior performance covered less distances and exhibited better locomotor ratios compared to lower-level counterparts. Weekly external and internal training loads were adjusted according to the opponent's level in adult males. Internal game loads were found to be consistent across different season phases. Weekly total loads were higher during periods of congested schedules (effect sizes: moderate-very large), with training loads being reduced to offset the increased demands of game loads (effect size: moderate). This review offers basketball practitioners' insights into the external and internal loads that can be anticipated based on the contextual factors of training and competition.
Hip adductor strength tests used in the context of sports: practical considerations.
Oliva-Lozano JM, Dominguez S, Paul D … +2 more , Cost R, Gómez-Carmona C
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40090324 · Publisher ↗
Hip and groin injuries are prevalent in team sports involving high-intensity actions and multi-directional activities. A hip adductor strength test is a widely used tool to assess hip adduction strength, which is a key r...
Hip and groin injuries are prevalent in team sports involving high-intensity actions and multi-directional activities. A hip adductor strength test is a widely used tool to assess hip adduction strength, which is a key risk factor for these injuries. Despite its common usage, there is a lack of standardized guidelines regarding the measurement protocol, leading to inconsistent and unreliable applications. This review aims to synthesize existing research on hip adductor strength testing, highlighting the importance of developing clear guidelines for its implementation. This review covers various aspects of the test, including pre-test warm-up protocols, body positioning, device placement, test execution, verbal commands, data collection and selection, and timing of tests. Key findings suggest that standardized warm-up routines, consistent body and device positioning, clear verbal commands, and specific criteria for invalidating test trials are critical for enhancing the reliability and accuracy of the test. Furthermore, consistent timing and the documentation of test conditions are essential for effective athlete monitoring and injury prevention. By establishing and adhering to these guidelines, sports scientists and medical personnel can make well-informed decisions about athletes' hip adduction strength, ultimately improving injury prevention and performance outcomes in sports.
Running critical power modeling: insights into physiological and neuromuscular performance factors.
Ruiz-Alias SA, Marcos-Blanco A, Fernández-Navarrete I … +2 more , Pérez-Castilla A, García-Pinillos F
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jul · PMID 40081827 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to determine the relationship between the critical power and the work above critical power (') with physiological and neuromuscular performance factors. Twenty-one recreational runners, 11 men and 10 wome...
This study aims to determine the relationship between the critical power and the work above critical power (') with physiological and neuromuscular performance factors. Twenty-one recreational runners, 11 men and 10 women, were tested on three separate occasions spaced by 48-72 hours. In the first testing session, the vertical load-velocity and horizontal force-velocity profiles were determined. In the second testing session, the maximal oxygen uptake, running economy, first and second ventilatory thresholds and maximal aerobic power were determined through a graded exercise test. In the third testing session, the critical power and ' were determined through two-time trials of 9- and 3-minutes. The critical power was significantly correlated with all physiological factors evaluated (≥- 0.479; ≤0.028); meanwhile, none were with ' (≤0.377; ≥0.092). On the other hand, ' was positively associated with specific neuromuscular performance factors of the vertical load-velocity (=0.763; <0.001; i.e., theoretical maximal vertical velocity) and horizontal force-velocity (≥0.658; ≤0.001; i.e., theoretical maximal horizontal velocity and maximal power) profiles. The critical power modelling results in a feasible procedure to capture both physiological and neuromuscular performance determinants through the critical power and ' parameters, respectively.
Comparing unilateral and bilateral assessments of adductor isometric strength symmetries.
Dolanc T, Hudales T, Spudić D
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40081826 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between unilateral and bilateral assessments of adductor strength, as well as inter-leg adductor strength symmetry, and to assess the intra-session reliability of the results...
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between unilateral and bilateral assessments of adductor strength, as well as inter-leg adductor strength symmetry, and to assess the intra-session reliability of the results for each testing condition. Nineteen physical education students performed three adductor strength test protocols in a supine position with hips and knees extended: (a) unilateral, (b) bilateral, and (c) bilateral following a unilateral adduction fatigue protocol. Bilateral and unilateral strength measures indicated good-excellent reliability across tests (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.88 and coefficient of variation<8%), while unilateral symmetry showed poor reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.47 and coefficient of variation=13%). Bilateral testing produced statistically significantly higher strength values (<0.05) than unilateral testing; however, no significant differences were observed between unilateral and bilateral tests under fatigued conditions, regardless of leg preference (preferred or non-preferred). Despite an average strength decrease of 35% after the unilateral fatiguing protocol, bilateral test symmetry results did not change (101% vs. 106%). A very strong correlation was observed between bilateral and unilateral adductor strength results (=0.81-0.86); yet, no correlation was significant for symmetry results (<0.35, >0.05). Due to the limited sensitivity of the bilateral adduction test for detecting changes in symmetry values, we recommend the unilateral testing protocol for practical use when assessing inter-leg adductor muscle strength asymmetries.
Epidemiology of causes and management of severe spinal injuries in elite male wrestlers.
Zhao N, Han X, Song M … +1 more , Liu J
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40081825 · Publisher ↗
Spinal injuries are common in wrestlers. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and post-injury management practices of severe spinal injuries among elite male wrestlers, with a comparative analysis between...
Spinal injuries are common in wrestlers. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and post-injury management practices of severe spinal injuries among elite male wrestlers, with a comparative analysis between Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling styles. A total of 110 elite male wrestlers (55 Greco-Roman and 55 freestyle athletes) were participated in the study, interviews were conducted severe spinal injuries and their post-injury management practices. Approximately 30.9% of participants reported experiencing severe spinal injuries, and among them, 58.8% were reinjury. These injuries predominantly occurred during technical training sessions due to overuse mechanisms during offensive maneuvers. Among the injured athletes, only 38.2% received specialized rehabilitation, and 35.3% obtained medical clearance before returning to play. The Greco-Roman style was found to have a significantly higher risk of reinjury than the freestyle (odds ratio=5.24 and 95% confidence interval=1.09-21.25). There were significant differences in the specific situations causing spinal injuries between wrestling styles (=0.018). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that elite male wrestlers are at high risk of severe spinal injury and reinjury; yet, they often lack adequate post-injury management. Moreover, the differences in reinjury rates and specific situations causing injuries based on wrestling styles emphasize the need for tailored prevention and management strategies for each style.
Anxiety, pain, and fear of pain: predictors of postural stability after a concussion.
Brna ML, Smulligan KL, Wingerson MJ … +4 more , Magliato SN, Kemp LE, Wilson JC, Howell DR
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40081824 · Publisher ↗
A concussion can lead to anxiety, pain, kinesiophobia, and/or postural control deficits. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating adolescents with a recent concussion. We hypothesized that those reporting higher l...
A concussion can lead to anxiety, pain, kinesiophobia, and/or postural control deficits. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating adolescents with a recent concussion. We hypothesized that those reporting higher levels of anxiety, pain-interference, and kinesiophobia would perform worse on postural control tests. Participants completed anxiety, pain-interference, and kinesiophobia ratings and postural control tests (single/dual-task tandem gait and a modified balance error scoring system). Using a multivariable linear regression model, we evaluated the relationship among anxiety, pain-interference, and kinesiophobia (predictors) with postural control measures (tandem gait and a modified balance error scoring system, outcomes), adjusting for sex and anxiety history. We enrolled 128 participants (53% female, age=15.4±1.7 y, and 9.3±4.0 d post-concussion). Higher anxiety was weakly correlated with slower dual-task tandem gait times (=0.31; =0.001) and more modified balance error scoring system errors (=0.22; =0.01). Multivariable modeling indicated that a higher post-concussion anxiety rating was associated with a slower dual-task tandem gait time (=0.21, 95% confidence interval=0.01-0.41; =0.04). The female sex was associated with slower single-task tandem gait (=-3.01, 95% confidence interval=-6.01, -0.01; =0.049). Adolescents with a higher anxiety post-concussion performed worse on dual-task tandem gait assessments, while pain-interference and kinesiophobia were not associated with postural control. Anxiety and impaired postural control are independently associated with poor concussion outcomes; thus, this association may inform individualized concussion care strategies.
Twelve-week interval training alters cytokines, adipokines and bone markers in women with obesity.
Osalou MA, Atakan MM, Güzel Y … +1 more , Koşar ŞN
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 40049591 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training on inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and markers of bone turnover and examine whether high-intensity interval training-induced c...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training on inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and markers of bone turnover and examine whether high-intensity interval training-induced changes in inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were associated with changes in markers of bone turnover. Twenty-four women with obesity (mean [standard deviation]: age: 36.1 [3.38] years, height: 158.9 [11.9] cm, and body mass index: 31.9 [1.5] kg/m) were randomly assigned to either control (=10) or high-intensity interval training (=14) groups. Body mass (- 2.7%), fat mass (- 15%), and percent body fat (- 6.2%) significantly decreased (<0.05), while the predicted V̇O increased (29.6%; <0.001) following the high-intensity interval training program. The training program resulted in increased adiponectin (7.6%) and osteocalcin (11.3%; <0.05) and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (66.1%), interleukin-1α (18.6%), C-reactive protein (24.0%), leptin (21.5%), and carboxy-terminal telopeptide cross-linking type one collagen (14%; <0.05). When high-intensity interval training and control groups were analyzed separately, training-induced changes in inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were not associated with changes in bone turnover markers (>0.05), whereas significant associations were found when the data of the groups were analyzed together (<0.05). In conclusion, a 12-week high-intensity interval exercise program improves the inflammatory state, adipokines, markers of bone turnover, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition in women with obesity.
Comparison of modeled lactate threshold 2 with maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling.
Keller S, Fischer J, Ji S … +2 more , Zwingmann L, Wahl P
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Sep · PMID 40032263 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated (1) the agreement of modeled lactate threshold 2 using peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 with the maximal lactate stea...
This study investigated (1) the agreement of modeled lactate threshold 2 using peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 with the maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling; (2) the impact of different cost of locomotion determination methods on the accuracy of the model and (3) the contributions of peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 to the work rate at maximal lactate steady state. Thirty-four endurance-trained athletes (27.7±6.9 y, 56.2±5.5 ml∙kg∙min) completed an incremental step test on a treadmill or a cycling ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion at lactate threshold 1, at 80% of peak oxygen uptake, and at lactate threshold 2, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 were assessed. Two to five 30-minute constant work rate tests were performed for maximal lactate steady state determination. Moderate to good agreement was found between modeled work rate corresponding to lactate threshold 2 and the maximal lactate steady state for running and cycling (intraclass correlation coefficient≥0.698) with the smallest mean difference (±limits of agreement) for cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2 with -2.0±5.2 and -0.9±6.0%, respectively. Overall, 83 and 79% of the variance in the maximal lactate steady state was explained by peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2, respectively. Peak oxygen uptake and cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2 contributed the most to the regression in running (54 and 40%) and cycling (74 and 51%), while fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 had the smallest contribution (4 and 5%). Based on the high accuracy of the model with the major contribution of peak oxygen uptake and cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2, the work rate corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state could be improved focusing on these two variables during training.
A silent opponent: Staphylococcus aureus and its impact on wrestlers.
Thomas T, Moore A, Nath S … +1 more , Kearns G
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 39999975 · Publisher ↗
Community acquired methicillin resistant infections have surged dramatically over the past decade. Athletes in contact sports, especially wrestlers, represent a unique subset of young, healthy individuals who are at hei...
Community acquired methicillin resistant infections have surged dramatically over the past decade. Athletes in contact sports, especially wrestlers, represent a unique subset of young, healthy individuals who are at heightened risk for transmitting methicillin resistant . The sport of wrestling has seen a significant increase in participation, particularly among adolescents, underscoring its growing popularity and the urgent need to address this issue. Unfortunately, the rates of community acquired methicillin resistant have followed a similar upward trend. Treatment options for community acquired methicillin resistant vary, ranging from topical or systemic antibiotics to more invasive interventions like incision, drainage, and intralesional injections. Preventive measures are also essential and include avoiding shared equipment, meticulous mat and gear cleaning, and eliminating bacterial colonization. While existing research supports the effectiveness of decolonization strategies in hospital settings, there is a pressing need to adapt and implement these approaches within the wrestling community. Current prevention methods, such as mat cleaning and skin checks before competitions, are insufficient on their own. By adopting more comprehensive decolonization protocols tailored to the wrestling environment, we can better protect athletes and reduce the incidence of community acquired methicillin resistant skin infections.
Perceived exertion reflects fatigue conditions during power-aimed resistance training.
Zhao H, Kurokawa T, Tajima M … +2 more , Liu Z, Okada J
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Jun · PMID 39993431 · Full text
Fatigue is an inevitable part of resistance training, making its monitoring crucial to prevent performance decline. This study evaluated the validity of ratings of perceived exertion as a measure of fatigue during power...
Fatigue is an inevitable part of resistance training, making its monitoring crucial to prevent performance decline. This study evaluated the validity of ratings of perceived exertion as a measure of fatigue during power bench press exercises. Fourteen sub-elite male athletes completed three bench press tasks with varying volumes (low, medium, and high) at 65% of their one-repetition maximum. The rating of perceived exertion, a spectral fatigue index, and velocity loss were measured across all conditions. Significant effects were observed for the overall ratings of perceived exertion, average velocity loss, and average spectral fatigue index (all <0.001). As tasks progressed, the rating of perceived exertion and the spectral fatigue index increased significantly (<0.001), while the velocity loss was not significant under the low-volume condition. Significant correlations were found between the rating of perceived exertion and the spectral fatigue index (=0.547, <0.001), the velocity loss and the spectral fatigue index (=0.603, <0.001), and the rating of perceived exertion and the velocity loss (=0.667, <0.001). The findings suggest that both the rating of perceived exertion and the velocity loss are valid measures of fatigue in power bench press exercises. However, the rating of perceived exertion is a more practical option due to its simplicity and accessibility. Furthermore, the rating of perceived exertion can act as a substitute for velocity when measurement tools are unavailable. It should be noted that velocity alone may not fully capture fatigue in low-repetition power training.
Does Brief Mindfulness Intervention Increase Performance? An Exploratory Study.
Barbry A, Carton A, Bernier M … +2 more , Ovigneur H, Coquart J
Int J Sports Med · 2025 Aug · PMID 39986265 · Publisher ↗
The effects of mindfulness-based interventions combined with a running programme on physical performance need further investigation. Studies often proposed a long mindfulness intervention with a low-intensity physical ac...
The effects of mindfulness-based interventions combined with a running programme on physical performance need further investigation. Studies often proposed a long mindfulness intervention with a low-intensity physical activity. This study aims to investigate the effects on physical performance of a brief mindfulness intervention with a running programme. Sixty-five trained runners were randomised in brief mindfulness or control groups. Intermittent maximum speed, heart rate variability and ratings of perceived exertion were performed at baseline, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Fat mass and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after. A time*group interaction was detected for cardiorespiratory fitness tests (i.e. intermittent maximum speed and 3-min shuttle run tests). Cardiorespiratory fitness stagnated for the mindfulness group whereas it decreased significantly over time in the control group (p=0.01). No time*group interactions were detected for the other outcomes (p<0.05). Brief mindfulness intervention might potentially mitigate the fatigue-related performance decrements during the preparatory phase. The cardiorespiratory fitness decrease for the control group could be explained by the high training load during this time of the season. The stagnation in the mindfulness group might be illustrated by the development of some psychological skills.
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