Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
A randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of isotonic normal saline versus water post-Ryles Tube feeding for correcting hyponatremia among ICU patients at tertiary care hospital: a pilot study.
Kataria N, Haokip HR, Kalyani VC
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2023 · PMID 37216174
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of isotonic normal saline (NS) versus water post-Ryles Tube (RT) feeding upon hyponatremia and blood parameters in Intensive Care Units (ICU) admitted patients. METHODS: A parallel group...
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of isotonic normal saline (NS) versus water post-Ryles Tube (RT) feeding upon hyponatremia and blood parameters in Intensive Care Units (ICU) admitted patients. METHODS: A parallel group randomized controlled trial design. The total sample size taken for this pilot trial was N = 50 as a thumb rule (n = 25 in each arm) selected by using a simple random sampling method. The sample was ICU-admitted patients with mild and moderate hyponatremia.at tertiary care hospital, Rishikesh. -20 mL Isotonic 0.9% normal saline (NS) among the experimental group vs. 20 mL water in the control group after each 9 am Ryles tube feeding respectively for three continuous days. At baseline and follow-up electrolytes, blood parameters, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and blood pressures were assessed post-one hour of intervention daily for day-1, 2, 3 & 5. Data were analyzed by using descriptive & inferential statistics in the SPSS software 23.0 version. RESULTS: There was a significant difference found between the experimental and control groups for the post-test value of serum sodium levels, GCS, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at day 1 of administration of normal saline intervention with -value < 0.0001. However, it was found significant at day 5 between both groups for the above-mentioned variables. CONCLUSION: The intervention of normal saline was found to be a cheaper and more effective remedy to treat hyponatremia and reduce mortality among ICU-admitted patients due to deterioration in bio-physiological parameters.
Effect of Shenqi millet porridge on gastrointestinal function decline.
Xi C, Wang X, Tian F
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2023 · PMID 37216173
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Shenqi millet porridge on treating gastrointestinal function decline. METHODS: Clinical data of 72 patients with gastrointestinal function decline were retrospectively analyzed. Patien...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Shenqi millet porridge on treating gastrointestinal function decline. METHODS: Clinical data of 72 patients with gastrointestinal function decline were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into an observation group (n=36, treated with Shenqi millet porridge) and a control group (n=36, treated with Changweikang granule) according to the treatment methods. The therapeutic effect, quality of life, nutritional status, and levels of motilin and gastrin were analyzed. RESULTS: The total response rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (97.22% vs. 72.22%; P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the quality of life in the observation group was increased after treatment (all P<0.05), and the total protein and body mass index in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), while the levels of motilin and gastrin in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: For patients with gastrointestinal function decline, the therapeutic regimen Shenqi millet porridge ameliorates the nutritional status of patients, as well as the quality of life and total therapeutic efficacy, also reduces the levels of motilin and gastrin. This regimen has high safety and clinical application value.
Effectiveness of yoga on Ewing's battery autonomic function test: cross-sectional study.
Amadawala T, Rukadikar C, Deshpande D … +2 more , Rukadikar A, Bhatt R
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2023 · PMID 37216172
INTRODUCTION: The cardiovascular autonomic functions can be tested by a Battery of five tests developed by Ewing and Clark in 1981 in Edinburgh. Yogic practices are immensely useful for physical, mental and spiritual dev...
INTRODUCTION: The cardiovascular autonomic functions can be tested by a Battery of five tests developed by Ewing and Clark in 1981 in Edinburgh. Yogic practices are immensely useful for physical, mental and spiritual development required for better autonomic function. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the ANS (Autonomic function system) function with help of Ewing's Battery tests in yoga participants and healthy participants not practicing yoga. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 participants which were divided into two groups viz: 135 in healthy control (Group I) and 135 in yoga group (Group II). Subjects with informed consent between 40-50 years, were included in control (Group I) and those practicing yoga for past minimum 3 months were included in Group II. Anthropometric measurements were done and parasympathetic tests like Heart rate (HR) response to standing from the supine posture, to Valsalva maneuvers and to slow deep breathing were done. Also, sympathetic tests, Blood Pressure (BP) response to cold in cold pressor test (CPT), to sustained handgrip test and to standing from lying posture were carried out. RESULTS: value was found to be statically significant among yoga group as compared with healthy control group in all the sympathetic and parasympathetic tests except in CPT. As per the Ewing's criteria, normal, early, diseased and severe CAN (Cardiac autonomic neuropathy) in healthy controls findings were 11.11%, 58.51%, 37.03%, 17.77% and in yoga participants findings were 37.7%, 34.8%, 6.66% and 8.88% respectively. According to Bellavere's classification, maximum diseased CAN were found in healthy control as compared to yoga group. As per AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences) criteria, parasympathetic neuropathy was observed in 11.85% of the healthy controls and in 6.66% of the yoga group, and that maximum sympathetic neuropathy was observed in 11.11% of the healthy patients and only 3.7% of the yoga group. CONCLUSION: More emphasis should be given on implementation of yoga from early ages at the institutional levels, hospital levels. Yoga practices will suffice and lead to improvement of unhealthy ANS condition. Overall, Yoga showed better ANS function than healthy control group.
NAD administration profoundly decreases UVC-induced skin damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis.
Li M, Zhang M, Zhang Y … +2 more , Liang Y, Ying W
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2023 · PMID 37216171
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of multiple major skin diseases including skin cancer. It is crucial to discover new agents that can produce profound protective effects on UV-produced skin damage. Using a mou...
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of multiple major skin diseases including skin cancer. It is crucial to discover new agents that can produce profound protective effects on UV-produced skin damage. Using a mouse model, in this study we determined the effects of NAD on UVC-induced skin damage and investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects, obtaining the following discoveries: First, UVC-induced skin's green autofluorescence (AF) was highly correlated with the extent of UVC-indued skin's damage; second, NAD administration profoundly decreased UVC-induced skin damage; third, NAD administration significantly attenuated UVC-induced decreases in the levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and catalase; fourth, NAD administration significantly attenuated UVC-induced increase in the level of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 - a marker of inflammation; fifth, NAD administration profoundly attenuated UVC-induced increase in double-strand DNA (dsDNA) damage; and sixth, NAD administration profoundly attenuated UVC-induced decreases in the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax - an index of apoptosis. Collectively, our study has found that NAD administration can profoundly decrease UVC-induced skin damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis, suggesting great potential of NAD as a protective agent for UVC-induced skin damage. Moreover, our study has further indicated that the skin's green AF is a biomarker for predicting UVC-induced skin damage.
Evaluation of PD-L1 antigen expression using immunohistochemistry technique in medullary thyroid carcinoma samples.
Karkheiran B, Jahanbin B, Shahverdi G … +1 more , Soleimani V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2023 · PMID 36936544
BACKGROUND: Markers related to the mechanism of tumoral cell escape from the immune system have received more attention. The PD-L1 molecule encoded by the "CD274" gene binds to T lymphocytes and can inhibit these cells....
BACKGROUND: Markers related to the mechanism of tumoral cell escape from the immune system have received more attention. The PD-L1 molecule encoded by the "CD274" gene binds to T lymphocytes and can inhibit these cells. Therefore, increasing the expression of this marker on inflammatory or tumor cells can indicate tumor progression invasiveness and long-term consequences. The present study aimed to determine the expression of the PD-L1 marker in thyroid medullary tumors and to evaluate its role in predicting long-term outcomes after cancer. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal study was performed on pathology samples of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma referred to the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital from 2015 to 2020. Slides related to medullary thyroid tumors were examined. A tissue microarray was used to evaluate the immunohistochemistry of PD-L1. Patients were followed up to assess the occurrence of recurrence. Out of 207 patients evaluated in the present study, histopathological information of 144 patients was available. RESULTS: The expression rate of PD-L1 in our community was 14.6% in lymphocyte cells, 35.4% in tumor cells, and 12.5% in both cells. The presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis was reported in 35 cases (72.9%), and the occurrence of tumor recurrence was reported in 38 cases (79.2%). There was no relationship between the expression of this marker and the sex and age of patients. In addition, PD-L1 expression was unrelated to the two main characteristics of this cancer, namely tumor size and its focality. The presentation of tumor PD (L1) (but not lymphocytic) was a prognostic marker for synchronous metastasis at cancer diagnosis but could not predict tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: PD-L1 tumor marker expression is predictable in 14.6% of lymphocyte cells, 35.4% of tumor cells, and 12.5% in the selected Iranian population with medullary thyroid cancer. The expression of this marker is not related to the morphological characteristics of the tumor, such as tumor size or focality.
Acute paracetamol toxicity-induced inflammatory and oxidative effects are relieved by Aleppo galls: a novel experimental study.
Abdallah AAM, Bafail R, Zaman AY … +12 more , Aldhafiri AJ, Alalawi A, Omran FM, Baghdadi HH, Abdellah WA, Alsharif AM, Al Thagfan SS, Abdel-Rahman IM, El-Sawy SA, Abd Elmoniem MM, El Sayed SM, Abdel-Latif HM
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2023 · PMID 36936543
BACKGROUND: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that may cause acute toxic overdosage particularly in neuropsychiatric patients. Paracetamol is also very commonly presc...
BACKGROUND: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that may cause acute toxic overdosage particularly in neuropsychiatric patients. Paracetamol is also very commonly prescribed as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. Paracetamol toxicity causes decreased reduced glutathione and oxidative tissue damage. Aleppo galls is a promising natural remedy exerting antioxidant and tissue-protective effects that may combat acetaminophen-induced oxidative tissue damage. METHODOLOGY: Biochemical and toxicological effects of a toxic dose of paracetamol (250 mg/kg) were investigated for three consecutive days versus the tissue-protective effects of Aleppo galls. Eighteen white albino mice were randomly allocated in this study and divided into three experimental groups (six mice per group): negative control (received intraperitoneal sterile water injection), paracetamol toxicity group (received intraperitoneal paracetamol injection) and the third group (received paracetamol injection at 250 mg/kg/day together with oral Aleppo galls treatment at 250 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days). All mice were sacrificed by the end of the study. RESULTS: Our data revealed that paracetamol toxicity exerted significant oxidative stress damaging effects (high serum malondialdehyde, decreased serum catalase and decreased total antioxidant capacity), and significant inflammatory effects (high serum IL-6) and significant tissue-damaging effects (high serum LDH). Aleppo galls treatment significantly protected against acetaminophen toxicity-induced oxidative stress effects (P<0.001), inflammatory effects (P<0.001) and tissue-damaging effects (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Aleppo galls are promising for future drug therapeutics and for the synthesis of natural remedies for treating paracetamol toxicity. We recommend formulating Aleppo galls extract as a pharmaceutical nutrition and to be given to those who need to take large doses of paracetamol.
Evaluating the preventive effect of metoclopramide and aminophylline on pain after deep vitrectomy.
Moradi Farsani D, Rafieezadeh A, Nourian N … +3 more , Mohammadi H, Naghibi K, Saghir K
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36741202
BACKGROUND: Deep vitrectomy is one of the most frequently performed ophthalmic procedures. Postoperative pain is a common complaint among patients. Consequently, we investigated whether metoclopramide and aminophylline c...
BACKGROUND: Deep vitrectomy is one of the most frequently performed ophthalmic procedures. Postoperative pain is a common complaint among patients. Consequently, we investigated whether metoclopramide and aminophylline could decrease pain intensity following deep vitrectomy. METHODS: This double-blinded clinical trial study that was approved by the Ethical Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUI.REC.1396.3.217) (Thesis Reg. number: 396217) and registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (Reg. number: IRCT20170716035104N5, available at https://www.irct.ir/trial/59146) aimed to evaluate 105 patients who were candidates for deep vitrectomy. They were randomly assigned into three groups: metoclopramide (received 0.1 mg/kg diluted in 10 ml of normal saline), aminophylline (received 4 mg/kg diluted in 10 ml of normal saline), and placebo (received 10 ml of normal saline). Postoperative pain was evaluated in all groups. RESULTS: The postoperative pain levels of the three groups differed significantly from the start of the recovery to 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 2 hours, and 4 hours postoperatively, with metoclopramide and aminophylline groups experiencing less postoperative pain than the placebo group. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups regarding patient satisfaction (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both metoclopramide and aminophylline significantly reduce postoperative pain after deep vitrectomy, although metoclopramide has a greater effect.
Correlations and diagnostic tools for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Bahrami M, Forouharnejad K, Mirgaloyebayat H … +7 more , Ghasemi Darestani N, Ghadimi M, Masaeli D, Fazeli P, Mohammadi H, Shabani M, Emami Ardestani M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36741201
BACKGROUND: Regarding the importance of obesity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we aimed to evaluate of correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and COPD. METHODS: In this cross-sectio...
BACKGROUND: Regarding the importance of obesity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we aimed to evaluate of correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and COPD. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 96 patients with COPD were evaluated. This study was conducted in 2016-2018. The severity of COPD was determined by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 criteria. We investigated the correlations between MetS with COPD and possible diagnostic tools. RESULTS: Of all COPD patients, 86.5% had MetS, and the means of waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and triglyceride in patients with MetS were significantly higher than the patients without MetS (P < 0.05). We showed that forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with a 37% cutoff had 92.8% and 69.2% sensitivity and specificity, respectively (area of the curve: 0.51, 0.31-0.71). CONCLUSION: MetS is prevalent among COPD and FEV1 could be considered as important diagnostic tool for COPD.
Nasal dexmedetomidine in sedation of electroencephalogram (EEG) in comparison with chloral hydrate as a clinical trial.
Derakhshani F, Sabzeghabaie M, Ghazavi M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36741200
BACKGROUND: An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures the brain's electrical activity. Here we decided to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two drugs, hydrate, and nasal dexmedetomidine, in creating s...
BACKGROUND: An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures the brain's electrical activity. Here we decided to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two drugs, hydrate, and nasal dexmedetomidine, in creating sedation during EEG in children. METHODS: This clinical trial was performed in 2020-2022 on 65 children that were candidates for sedation for EEG with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code IRCT20210614051574N8 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/61860). Pediatrics were randomized into two groups. Children in the first group received intranasal dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2-3 µg/kg 10 minutes before the procedure. The second group received 5% chloral hydrate syrup at a dose of 50-100 mg/kg orally 10 minutes before the procedure. For each patient, sleep onset latency and sleep duration were also measured. It should be noted that the patient's level of consciousness and sleepiness were checked by AVPU (alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive) criteria. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean sleep onset latency (P = 0.59), sleep duration (P = 0.12), heart rate (P = 0.30), respiratory rate (P = 0.26), and SPO2 (P = 0.27). Analysis of covariance by adjusting for age and sex in both groups showed that the mean sleep duration (P = 0.04) and heart rate (P = 0.03) in the oral chloral hydrate group were significantly higher than in the nasal dexmedetomidine group. But the mean of other variables was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The mean sleep duration and heart rate were significantly lower in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group compared to the oral chloral hydrate group.
Transoral submandibulotomy plus duct marsupialization; an appropriate approach for the treatment of proximal submandibular sialolithiasis; a long-term follow-up study.
Salehpour S, Berjis N
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36741199
BACKGROUND: Sialolithiasis is the most common salivary gland-related disease worldwide, leading to sialadenitis. Although there is no serious problem with surgical removal of stones at the middle and distal parts of the...
BACKGROUND: Sialolithiasis is the most common salivary gland-related disease worldwide, leading to sialadenitis. Although there is no serious problem with surgical removal of stones at the middle and distal parts of the Wharton's duct, the approach for treating proximal stones located near to hilum and its adjacent parenchyma is a challenge. The current study has aimed to evaluate the outcome of transoral submandibulotomy for submandibular gland stone treatment. METHODS: This study was conducted on 63 patients with proximal (or deep hilar) submandibular sialolithiasis treated with transoral submandibulotomy and duct marsupialization from January 2011 to April 2019 in Pars hospital. Complications of the old fashion surgery (transcervical submandibulectomy) were assessed in this method (number and size of the stone(s), relapse of sialolithiasis-related obstructive symptoms, partial or complete removal of the stone(s), sialolithiasis recurrence, postoperative surgical or nonsurgical intervention, foreign body sensation, and taste sensation quality). RESULTS: The stone(s) was located at the proximal of the duct in 68% of the cases, while 32% of the stones were located at the deep hilar region. The mean size of the stones was 1.28±0.51 cm. Postoperative inflammation, postoperative pain, sialolithiasis recurrence, obstructive symptoms, postoperative nonsurgical intervention, postoperative surgical intervention, reduced taste sensation, and foreign body sensation were presented in 24%, 29%, 29%, 44%, 14%, 6%, 11%, and 10% respectively. Eighty-nine percent of recurrences were healed spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Considering the cosmetic advantage due to the lack of cervical surgery scar (which is mandatory in old fashion transcervical method), long-term follow-up of transoral submandibulotomy showed successful outcomes regarding neurological impairment, postoperative pain and inflammation and incredibly complete stone removal that was found in all of the patients. In addition, submandibular duct marsupialization is recommended based on our study.
The effect of sodium benzoate, L-carnitine, and phenylacetate on valproate-induced hyperammonemia in Male Wistar rats.
Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A, Abbaspour A … +3 more , Alizadeh Ghamsari A, Amin F, Moshiri M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36741198
INTRODUCTION: L-carnitine (LC) is commonly used in the treatment of valproate-induced hyperammonemia (VIHA). LC prevents the production of ammonia with no significant effect on renal ammonia excretion. This study was con...
INTRODUCTION: L-carnitine (LC) is commonly used in the treatment of valproate-induced hyperammonemia (VIHA). LC prevents the production of ammonia with no significant effect on renal ammonia excretion. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium benzoate (SB) and phenyl acetate (PA) on reducing VIHA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight groups treated with Sodium Valproate (SV) at 300 mg/kg and 15 minutes later with normal saline, SB (144 mg/kg), PA (0.3 g/kg), LC (2.5 g/kg), SB (144 mg/kg) plus PA (0.3 g/kg), or SB (144 mg/kg) plus PA (0.3 g/kg) plus LC (2.5 g/kg), intraperitoneally. Other groups were exposed to normal saline, SB, LC or PA alone. Animal's motor function and serum ammonia, lactate, and sodium levels were assessed at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 hours after the SV injection. RESULTS: The results showed that LC reduced SV-induced hyperammonemia just at one and half-hour after treatment (P<0.001). PA, alone or in combination with other antidotes, reduced serum ammonia at all evaluated times (P<0.001). LC improved the impaired motor function of animals only at 1.5 hours, while PA, alone or in combination decreased the motor function scores at different times. However, SB administration alone did not change SV-induced hyperammonemia or motor function impairment. There was no significant difference in the level of serum aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine between groups. CONCLUSION: These findings define that PA had a better therapeutic effect on valproate-induced hyperammonemia in comparison with SB. Co-administration of LC with PA ameliorated the elevated levels of ammonia and may relieve potential therapeutic application against acute SV intoxication.
Evaluation of anti-oxidant and anticancer effect of marine algae in HT29 colon cancer cell lines- an study.
Sundaramoorthy S, Dakshinamoorthi A, K C
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36741197
BACKGROUND: Marine algae are a huge Pandora's box of rich nutrients and huge medicinal compounds. These therapeutic compounds are investigated widely for their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. OBJEC...
BACKGROUND: Marine algae are a huge Pandora's box of rich nutrients and huge medicinal compounds. These therapeutic compounds are investigated widely for their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effect of the marine algae (collected from Hare Island-Tuticorin region) on HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. METHODOLOGY: The marine algae, , was collected, processed, and authenticated. Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform, and Hexane extracts were prepared using a hot solvent extraction process. These extracts were subjected to SOD assay and MTT assay. 5 Fluorouracil was used as the positive control. RESULTS: The antioxidant activity of the SOD assay was found to be 85.66±0.81, 80.10±1.25, and 98±0.93 U/mg protein for methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extracts, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid was used as the positive control whose SOD antioxidant value was found to be 139±1.24 U/mg protein. The IC50 value of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane algae extracts, and 5 Fluorouracil against HT29 cell lines was calculated to be 28.46±0.65, 48.56±1.19, 93.7±0.91, 88.53±0.83, and 8.2±1.3 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION: From the above study, we can infer that the methanol extracts of the algae have excellent anticancer activity. Therefore, these compounds can be purified and analyzed further for a potential lead as an anticancer molecule.
Effect of aminophylline, ketamine and paracetamol on pain intensity after deep vitrectomy surgery.
Moradi Farsani D, Nikkhoo I, Rafiee Zadeh A … +2 more , Nourian N, Montazeri K
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36419675
BACKGROUND: Pain management after surgery is a challenging medical issue, and clinical research in this area has continued. This study aimed to compare the effect of Aminophylline, ketamine, and paracetamol on the pain i...
BACKGROUND: Pain management after surgery is a challenging medical issue, and clinical research in this area has continued. This study aimed to compare the effect of Aminophylline, ketamine, and paracetamol on the pain intensity after deep vitrectomy and compare it with the control group. METHODS: In this clinical trial, 240 patients undergoing deep vitrectomy were included in the study. The protocol of the current study was approved in the Ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUI.REC.1396.3.876) and this study was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20210919052523N1) (https://www.irct.ir/trial/58884). The patients were randomly divided into four equal groups. Twenty minutes before surgery, in the first group, 0.15 mg/kg ketamine, in the second group 1 g acetaminophen, in the third group 3 mg/kg of aminophylline, and in the fourth group, normal saline was infused in the same manner. All drugs were diluted with 100 ccs of normal saline and infused intravenously within 15 minutes. The four groups of hemodynamic variables, pain intensity, and rescue analgesic drugs were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups based on hemodynamic variables (P>0.05). The severity of pain up to 2 hours after surgery and the rescue to analgesia in the ketamine and paracetamol groups were significantly lower than that of aminophylline and placebo. CONCLUSION: Using ketamine or paracetamol effectively decreases pain intensity after deep vitrectomy surgery without producing significant adverse hemodynamic changes.
Effect of self-efficacy-based training on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Babak A, Golshiri P, Farasatkish S
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36419674
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a significant problem in today's society. Considering the possible effect of self-efficacy training on diabetes control, we aimed to investigate its impact on type 2 diabetes control. METHO...
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a significant problem in today's society. Considering the possible effect of self-efficacy training on diabetes control, we aimed to investigate its impact on type 2 diabetes control. METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 2018 in Isfahan city. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code for this study is IRCT20190219042762N1 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/37677). In so doing, 161 patients with diabetes were divided into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group received six self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle training sessions, and self-efficacy strategies were taught in all sessions. Metabolic indices and the data collected by Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) were analyzed before and three months after training by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The self-efficacy score of the intervention group was significantly higher after training (175.7±18 vs. 163.7±26, P = 0.001). Also, the cholesterol level, LDL, and systolic blood pressure reduced significantly in this group after the intervention (167±39 vs. 179±43.7 mg/dl, 94.2±31 vs. 102.6±39 mg/dl, 115.6±1.4 vs. 120.1±1.8 mmHg, respectively. P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Generally, self-efficacy training effectively improved metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic disturbances caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Safavi SMR, Honarmand A, Nazemroaya B … +2 more , Ataie AM, Kamran Z
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161264
BACKGROUND: Induced stimulation while endotracheal intubating affects hemodynamic status. The present study compares the hemodynamic changes caused by endotracheal intubating after administering two doses of intranasal D...
BACKGROUND: Induced stimulation while endotracheal intubating affects hemodynamic status. The present study compares the hemodynamic changes caused by endotracheal intubating after administering two doses of intranasal Dexmedetomidine. METHODS: In an experimental (before-after) trial, 88 patients undergoing general anesthesia enrolled in the study. The Iranian Register of Clinical Trial (IRCT) code of the study was IRCT20160307026950N15 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/39269). Patients were allocated to two intervention groups and one control group by random. Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Normal saline 0.9% were administrated 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia. (1 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine in group 1, 2 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine in group 2 and 1 mg Normal saline 0.9% in group 3). Vital signs and hemodynamic parameters were measured and recorded in minutes 1, 3, 5, and 10th after induction. Data analysis was done by ANOVA and Chi-square tests. RESULTS: Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were reduced in patients receiving dexmedetomidine (P<0.05), but there were no significant changes in the control group. In arterial oxygenation (P>0.05), there was no significant difference between the three groups in the arterial blood oxygen amount. CONCLUSION: Premedication of intranasal dexmedetomidine influences the hemodynamic changes due to anesthesia induction. The dose of 2 µg/kg is better than one µg/kg in improving the hemodynamic state following intubation.
Multi-Organ inducedtoxicity of metal mixture (CdCl, HgCl, Pb(NO)), and the ameliorative potentials of plantain (F. Musaceae) stem juice on male Wistar rats.
Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Akaranta O
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161263
Industrialization and urbanization have caused a hike in all forms of emissions, many of which have detrimental effects on plants, animals, the environment, and worse still, humans. In a quest for novel products (househo...
Industrialization and urbanization have caused a hike in all forms of emissions, many of which have detrimental effects on plants, animals, the environment, and worse still, humans. In a quest for novel products (household, and medical), manufacturing industries work tirelessly worldwide using metals to meet man's needs. However, such metals especially those confined to this research (Hg, Cd, and Pb) are inherently hazardous to not just the environment but human life and existence. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats divided into six groups of five rats each was used for the study. Stock solutions of the heavy metals were prepared and the required dose calculated according to individual weight and administered as such to group 2-5, plantain stem juice (PSJ) was administered to groups 3 to 5 in increasing dose after receiving the HMM (heavy metal mixture) while group six received medium-dose of PSJ used in the study only. Bodyweight of the rats was monitored once in three weeks while the feed and fluid intake were monitored thrice a week. At the end of the ninth week, the animals were weighed and sacrificed. Organs of interest (brain, heart, lungs, and thymus) were harvested and analyzed. Analysis done include Histopathology, hematological, biochemical, and organs/blood metal concentration. The results obtained showed a decline in the weight of animals that received metal mixture only when compared to normal control and PSJ treated groups. This could be traceable to the decline in feed intake of the metal-induced groups. However, no significant effect was observed in the histology of the Thymus and cerebellum even though the presence of a vacuole in the cerebral cortex indicated an anomaly. The histology of the heart and the lungs showed some level of distortion which was ameliorated dose-dependently with the administration of PSJ. Interestingly, after a decrease in the antioxidant level upon administration of metal mixture, a booster effect was observed with an increasing dose of PSJ. In conclusion, the recent findings have demonstrated that treatment with PSJ in HMM induced intoxication has a significant role in protecting the animals from all possible organ toxicity by modulating hemato-biochemical parameters and oxidative stress level.
The association of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with general health and oral health related quality of life among dental students.
Ziaei S, Raeisi Shahraki H, Dadvand Dehkordi S
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161262
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of RAS with general health and oral health-related quality of life among den...
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of RAS with general health and oral health-related quality of life among dental students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2020. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a researcher-made checklist about the type, size, location, number, and recurrence rate of ulcers, oral health-related quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-14), and a 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were completed by 100 dental students. RESULTS: The proportion of RAS was significantly higher among females than males (61.1 versus 38.9, P=0.03) and was associated with family involvement history (P<0.001) and a Tendency to eat spicy foods (P=0.02). Moreover, the oral health-related quality of life was significantly lower among students with a history of RAS (8.17 ± 8.33 versus 4.22 ± 4.10, P=0.003). The results showed that GHQ-positive status was significantly associated with ulcer size (P=0.01). The general health status was positively correlated with RAS prevalence (p=0.04). Also, an investigation of the OHIP questionnaire showed that there was a significant correlation between physical status (r=0.31, P<0.001), insomnia, and mental status (r=0.33, P<0.001) with OHIP total score. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirmed a significant association between aphthous stomatitis and general health and oral health-related quality of life. So possibly improving general health and oral health-related quality of life may be effective in preventing aphthous stomatitis.
Comparative study of the effect of administering two doses of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
Shafa A, Besharati S, Shetebi H … +2 more , Shahhoseini S, Rafiee Zadeh A
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161261
BACKGROUND: Adenotonsillectomy is a safe and common operation to remove adenoids and tonsils. Here we decided to compare the two dosages of tranexamic acid and their effects on hemodynamic changes and anesthesia-related...
BACKGROUND: Adenotonsillectomy is a safe and common operation to remove adenoids and tonsils. Here we decided to compare the two dosages of tranexamic acid and their effects on hemodynamic changes and anesthesia-related indexes during surgical interventions. METHODS: This is a double-blinded clinical trial performed in 2019-2020 on 64 children who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 32 based on the table of random numbers. Group A received 5 mg/kg slowly tranexamic acid for 10 minutes and group B received 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid slowly for 10 minutes. The study protocol was approved by the Research committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and the Ethics Committee has confirmed it (Ethics code: IR.MUI.MED.REC.1398.639) (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code: IRCT20171030037093N33, https://en.irct.ir/trial/46553). RESULTS: The mean volume of intraoperative bleeding in children in group A is significantly higher than in children in group B (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the length of stay in recovery and the duration of extubation and the mean dose of propofol in the two groups (P > 0.05). The mean arterial oxygen saturation of children in both groups increased significantly over time (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). According to the results, the mean HR in both groups decreased significantly over time (P < 0.05). In addition, the mean HR in children in the group B was significantly lower than children in the group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Administration of 10 mg/kg of tranexamic acid during tonsillectomy is associated with lower amounts of bleeding and lower heart rate than 5 mg/kg dosage. These results were in line with most previous studies.
The efficacy of itraconazole, fluticasone and doxycycline in chronic rhinosinusitis.
Hashemi SM, Abtahi Forooshani SM, Borhani A
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161260
BACKGROUND: Different treatment strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been evaluated. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of fluticasone spray alone and in combination with itraconazole or doxycycline. ME...
BACKGROUND: Different treatment strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been evaluated. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of fluticasone spray alone and in combination with itraconazole or doxycycline. METHODS: This is an open-label clinical trial performed in 2020-2021 in Isfahan on patients with CRS. This survey's Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code was IRCT20200825048515N50 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/60826). Demographic data of all patients including age and gender and duration of CRS, were obtained. The SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy questionnaires were evaluated and recorded for the symptomatology of CRS. Patients were randomly assigned to the treatment groups to receive 100 mg of doxycycline with intranasal fluticasone spray, intranasal fluticasone spray alone, or itraconazole 100 mg capsules with intranasal fluticasone spray. After one month of treatment, the scores and patient satisfaction were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Data of 104 patients was analyzed. Patients had improvements in their symptoms and SNOTT-22 scores. The mean SNOTT-22 score was 55.36±8.36 in all patients. During the study, patients had improvements in their symptoms and SNOTT-22 scores. The mean final SNOTT-22 score was 47.77±7.36 at the end of the survey (P=0.02). Our data also demonstrated significant improvements in the Lund-Kennedy score in all patients during the study (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences between the clinical condition of patients receiving intranasal fluticasone, intranasal fluticasone in combination with doxycycline or itraconazole.
Expected cost effectiveness of the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine against the omicron variant of COVID-19: a preliminary report.
Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161259
OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 immunization has been shown to be effective in the prevention of COVID-19. Traditionally, two doses of COVID-19 vaccines are required. Booster immunization is generally required when immunity has det...
OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 immunization has been shown to be effective in the prevention of COVID-19. Traditionally, two doses of COVID-19 vaccines are required. Booster immunization is generally required when immunity has deteriorated. METHODS: The effectiveness of the alternate boost immunization protocol is still unknown. The authors of this study used a cost-effectiveness analysis, which is a retrospective analysis on datasets on cost and effectiveness, to examine the projected cost-effectiveness of boosting COVID-19 vaccination by a fourth dose. RESULTS: The cost-effectiveness of the fourth-dose COVID booster vaccine was found to be higher in this study. CONCLUSION: It could imply that vaccinating against the current pandemic of the novel form, omicron, with the additional COVID-19 vaccine is a smarter idea.
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