Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment for adult patients with chronic constipation.
Soheilipour M, Goudarzinejad E, Tabesh E
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161258
BACKGROUND: Functional constipation is defined as a delay or difficulty in defecation that lasts two weeks or more which history and physical examination have ruled out its organic causes. In this study, we aimed to eval...
BACKGROUND: Functional constipation is defined as a delay or difficulty in defecation that lasts two weeks or more which history and physical examination have ruled out its organic causes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments (dietary changes and increased physical activity) for adult patients with chronic constipation. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial was performed in 2020-2021 on 64 patients with functional constipation with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code IRCT20200601047621N2 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/48798). The demographic data and constipation severity were collected by checklist. The diet was designed by a nutritionist containing 25 to 30 grams of fiber and eight glasses of water or liquids other than tea daily for 12 weeks. The amount of sufficient physical activity was defined as doing half an hour of brisk walking daily to increase the heart rate by 50%. All cases were visited during the study and the constipation severity questionnaire was completed at baseline and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the beginning of the study. RESULTS: Patients had significantly improved defecation frequencies after 12 weeks (P = 0.03 compared to baseline). We also observed that patients had improvements in having a hard stool (P = 0.001 compared to baseline), painful defecation (P = 0.03 compared to baseline), use of a finger to defecate (P = 0.04 compared to baseline), and straining while defecation (P < 0.001 compared to baseline). Patients with age groups 30-40 and 40-50 significantly improved defecation frequencies, painful defecation, and straining while defecating compared to other age groups. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological treatments could significantly improve functional constipation in patients. Significant improvements were observed in patients between 30-50 years of age.
Dose of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir for HIV patient: a reappraisal based on genetic polymorphism epidemiology in Southeast Asia.
Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161257
Several anti-HIV medications are currently available and used in medical care for HIV-positive people all over the world. Drug resistance is a global problem that necessitates the development of a new treatment regimen t...
Several anti-HIV medications are currently available and used in medical care for HIV-positive people all over the world. Drug resistance is a global problem that necessitates the development of a new treatment regimen to address it. In several countries, ritonavir (RTV)-boosted atazanavir (ATV) is now used. There is evidence that patients taking RTV-boosted ATV on a regular basis have a higher ATV exposure, increasing the risk of toxicity. A recent theory suggests that a smaller dose of ATV/r may be sufficient. In this article, the authors reevaluate the dose of ATV/r for HIV patients based on existing data on the genetic epidemiology of CYP3A5 6986 A > G. According to the research, the likelihood of an individual achieving the therapeutic range of ATV through concentrations in various ATV/r regimens differs depending on baseline sex and CYP3A5 6986 A > G type. With the exception of a normal dosing regimen for male subjects, all have a chance of reaching the therapeutic range of ATV through concentrations (overall probability greater than 1). As a result, the lowering of the ATV/r dose should be considered primarily for male HIV infected patients.
Immunoglobulin transmission to infants born to mothers with COVID-19.
Shakery Boroujeni M, Azizian M, Bahrami M … +7 more , Kheradmand A, Tavoosi N, Rostamiyan Z, Forouharnejad K, Ahmadian S, Naamipouran I, Kiaei M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161256
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection is a severe condition in pregnant women. Previous studies have suggested that anti-COVID-19 antibodies may be able to be transmitted from mother to fetus, which in itself is a protective fa...
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection is a severe condition in pregnant women. Previous studies have suggested that anti-COVID-19 antibodies may be able to be transmitted from mother to fetus, which in itself is a protective factor in infants against the disease. However, few studies have been done in this area. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of anti-COVID-19 antibodies in infants born to symptomatic and asymptomatic mothers with positive COVID-19 test. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed in 2021 in Abadan on neonates, born to symptomatic and asymptomatic mothers with positive COVID-19 test. All pregnant women over the age of 38 weeks with positive PCR tests for COVID-19 were included. We collected five cc of blood from the umbilical cord of neonates immediately after birth. The samples were sent to the laboratory in laboratory tubes to measure the anti-COVID-19 IgM and IgG levels. RESULTS: We evaluated data of 20 neonates born to mothers with symptomatic COVID-19 and 10 neonates born to asymptomatic mothers with positive COVID-19 tests. In symptomatic groups, sixteen neonates (80%) had positive IgG antibodies and the mothers of all these neonates had positive antibodies. The mean IgG levels in infants was 73.26 ± 12.54 RU/ml and the mean IgM levels were 14.29 ± 3.71 RU/ml. Among neonates born to mothers with no symptoms, 7 neonates (70%) had positive IgG antibody. All mothers had positive antibodies. The mean IgG levels in infants were 74.50 ± 11.37 RU/ml and the mean IgM levels was 12.49 ± 2.88 RU/ml. There were no significant differences between two groups of neonates regarding positivity of IgG and antibody levels (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: 80% of infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia had positive IgG levels that were in line with the previous reports.
Modulation of ASIC1a by reactive oxygen species through JFK signaling.
Shah S, Sun A, Chu XP
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 36161255
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Comparative study of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, the aromatherapy of Lavandula and physiologic delivery without medication on the neonatal and maternal outcome of patients.
Movahedi M, Ebrahimian M, Saeedy M … +1 more , Tavoosi N
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891935
OBJECTIVES: The complications of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) are one of the issues that researchers have been discussing today and various ways to reduce these outcomes have been presented. In this study, we aimed to c...
OBJECTIVES: The complications of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) are one of the issues that researchers have been discussing today and various ways to reduce these outcomes have been presented. In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), the aromatherapy of Lavandula and physiologic delivery without medication on NVD outcomes. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 150 women that were candidates of NVD. The information related had been registered in the Iranian clinical trial registration system with the code IRCT20210501051151N1 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/56014). Patients were divided into three groups of Lavandula, TENS, and physiologic delivery. Postpartum pain, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and labor duration were compared in groups. RESULTS: Labor pain was significantly less in TENS and Lavandula than in the physiologic group, respectively (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of labor duration and maternal and fetal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The use of TENS and Lavandula aromatherapy are useful methods for reducing pain in patients undergoing NVD, but using TENS method is better than Lavandula method, and on the other hand, there are no differences between groups as maternal and neonatal complications.
Evaluation of changes in kyphosis angle, apex and quality of life of patients with Scheuermann kyphosis using Kyphologic brace.
Etemadifar MR, Mahdinezhad Yazdi M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891934
INTRODUCTION: Kyphosis treatment aims to prevent curve progression and deformity correction. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term beneficial effects of Kyphologic brace treatments in patients with Scheuermann kypho...
INTRODUCTION: Kyphosis treatment aims to prevent curve progression and deformity correction. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term beneficial effects of Kyphologic brace treatments in patients with Scheuermann kyphosis. METHODS: This retrospective case series study was performed on patients with Scheuermann kyphosis treated with a Kyphologic brace from 2013-2020. Demographic data, including age, gender, and duration of treatments, were extracted. Mean kyphosis angles before, one month and 1 year after treatments were collected. Patients were followed for at least 18 months after treatments. The location of kyphosis apex was also noted and classified into the following groups: upper thoracic, mid thoracic, lower thoracic, and thoracolumbar. RESULTS: 48 patients with Scheuermann kyphosis enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the patients was 12.95 ± 1.4 years. The average follow-up time in this study was 23.02 ± 11.8 months. The mean kyphosis angle before treatments was 63.66 ± 9.51°, which decreased significantly after one month (to 43.33 ± 8.7°) and after 1 year (to 37.6 ± 9.4°) of treatments with Kyphologic brace compared to before treatments (P < 0.001). The most common location of kyphosis apex was in mid-thoracic with 77% frequency. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we showed that using a Kyphologic brace was associated with a significant reduction in kyphosis angle in patients. Our results emphasized the effectiveness of this brace in patients with Scheuermann kyphosis.
Investigating the role of susceptibility weighted imaging for assessment of ischemic penumbra with respect to Venus blood flow in ischemic stroke patients.
Sadeghi Joni S, Gerami R, Akhondi N … +3 more , Etemadi A, Fosouli M, Eghbal AF
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891933
INTRODUCTION: Susceptibility weighted imaging can be used to study intracranial venous blood arteries based on the paramagnetic sensitivity of blood discharged by oxygen (SWI). Significant hypotensive drainage channels h...
INTRODUCTION: Susceptibility weighted imaging can be used to study intracranial venous blood arteries based on the paramagnetic sensitivity of blood discharged by oxygen (SWI). Significant hypotensive drainage channels have been discovered in the ischemic tissue of the brain, which have been recognized by SWI. The compliance or non-compliance between the variation in venous drainage of ischemic brain tissue by SWI and diffusion limitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 20 patients (15 men and 5 females) who were assigned to the Ghaem Hospital MRI Institute in Rasht, Iran. RESULTS: Infarction has been detected in a total of 20 vascular regions. The caliber of the sulcal and intramedullary veins, on the other hand, was increased in 80 percent and 65 percent of the infarcted regions, respectively. In 45 percent of the vascular regions, a match between SWI and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was detected, mismatch was detected in two; follow-up revealed infarct progression. CONCLUSIONS: Significant data on critically perfused cerebral cortex with possibility of infarction growth was focused on in elevated SWI investigations, contributing to SWI as a worthy MR implies that could be attached as complementary protocols to neuroimaging techniques for acute ischemia, according to the findings of this study.
A literature review on the imaging methods for breast cancer.
Gerami R, Sadeghi Joni S, Akhondi N … +4 more , Etemadi A, Fosouli M, Eghbal AF, Souri Z
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891932
Breast cancer will be easier and more effective to treat if detected early. Breast cancer is assessed and detected using imaging as a primary approach. The capacity to diagnose breast cancers is continually improving tha...
Breast cancer will be easier and more effective to treat if detected early. Breast cancer is assessed and detected using imaging as a primary approach. The capacity to diagnose breast cancers is continually improving thanks to developments in imaging technologies. However, some of these enhancements have been linked to delays in the initiation of treatment procedures of breast cancer. Overall, cancer management relies heavily on imaging procedures such as screening and symptomatic disease management. Mammography, which is considered the gold standard, and breast ultrasonography are employed as routine imaging modalities. Previous research has shown that, despite recent developments, no single imaging modality can detect and characterizing majority of breast lesions. Various imaging methods and their uses in diagnosing and caring the breast cancer are discussed in this study.
Comparison of diagnostic values of two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for diagnosis of breast lesions.
Farghadani M, Khataei J, Fosouli M … +1 more , Riahinezhad M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891931
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a pivotal role in diagnosing breast lesions. Here we aimed to compare the diagnostic values of Abbreviated and Full Breast MRI for breast lesions. METHODS: This is a cross...
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a pivotal role in diagnosing breast lesions. Here we aimed to compare the diagnostic values of Abbreviated and Full Breast MRI for breast lesions. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed in 2017-2021 on 80 women with breast lesions. Using the available MRI analysis software, the necessary sequences for the Abbreviated MRI were extracted from standard breast MRI protocol. First, a Full Breast MRI was examined by a radiologist giving Breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Then, from this Full Breast MRI, the necessary sequences for Abbreviated Breast MRI were prepared. The second expert radiologist read them in this field and BIRADS was reported. The data relating to each patient were recorded in the patient-specific profile and then the pathology results were followed for each patient. RESULTS: Modified breast MRI had 84% sensitivity and 58.18% specificity, while full Breast MRI had 100% sensitivity and 38.18% specificity. Comparing the results of pathology (benign or malignant) for breast tumors and BIRADS reported by modified breast MRI indicated that these results were similar in 53 cases (66.3%) and different in 27 patients (33.8%). On the other hand, similar assessments for Full Breast MRI and pathology reports showed that the results were the same in 46 patients (57.5%) and different in 34 patients (42.5%). CONCLUSION: Abbreviated breast MRI has lower sensitivity and higher specificity than full breast MRI.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation and SARS-CoV-2-mediated hyperinflammation, cytokine storm and neurological syndromes.
Dutta D, Liu J, Xiong H
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891930
Despite the introduction of vaccines and drugs for SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the world. In severe COVID-19 patients, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been detected...
Despite the introduction of vaccines and drugs for SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the world. In severe COVID-19 patients, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been detected in the blood, lung cells, and bronchoalveolar lavage, which is referred to as a cytokine storm, a consequence of overactivation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and resultant excessive cytokine production. The hyperinflammatory response and cytokine storm cause multiorgan impairment including the central nervous system, in addition to a detriment to the respiratory system. Hyperactive NLRP3 inflammasome, due to dysregulated immune response, is the primary cause of COVID-19 severity. The severity could be enhanced due to viral evolution leading to the emergence of mutated variants of concern, such as delta and omicron. In this review, we elaborate on the inflammatory responses associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the mechanisms for the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pathway involved, cytokine storm, and neurological complications as long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also discussed is the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.
Lisfranc complex injuries management and treatment: current knowledge.
Mascio A, Greco T, Maccauro G … +1 more , Perisano C
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891929
Lisfranc complex injuries are a spectrum of midfoot and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint trauma, more frequent in men and in the third decade of life. Depending on the severity of the trauma can range from purely ligamentous...
Lisfranc complex injuries are a spectrum of midfoot and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint trauma, more frequent in men and in the third decade of life. Depending on the severity of the trauma can range from purely ligamentous injuries, in low-energy trauma, to bone fracture-dislocations in high-energy trauma. A quick and careful diagnosis is crucial to optimize management and treatment, reducing complications and improving functional outcomes in the middle and long-term. Up to 20% of Lisfranc fractures are unnoticed or diagnosed late, above all low-energy trauma, mistaken for simple midfoot sprains. Therefore serious complications such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis and foot deformities are not uncommon. Clinically presenting with evident swelling of the midfoot and pain, often associated with joint instability of the midfoot. Plantar region ecchymosis is highly peculiar. First level of examination is X-Ray performed in 3 projections. CT scan is useful to detect nondisplaced fractures and minimal bone sub-dislocation. MRI is the gold standard for ligament injuries. The major current controversies in literature concern the management and treatment. In stable lesions and in those without dislocation, conservative treatment with immobilization and no weight-bearing is indicated for a period of 6 weeks. Displaced injuries have worse outcomes and require surgical treatment with the two main objectives of anatomical reduction and stability of the first three cuneiform-metatarsal joints. Different surgical procedures have been proposed from closed reduction and percutaneous surgery with K-wire or external fixation (EF), to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with transarticular screw (TAS), to primary arthrodesis (PA) with dorsal plate (DP), up to a combination of these last 2 techniques. There is no superiority of one technique over the other, but what determines the post-operative outcomes is rather the anatomical reduction. However, the severity of the injury and a quick diagnosis are the main determinant of the biomechanical and functional long-term outcomes.
Comparison of Tranexamic acid, Remifentanil, and Hydralazine on the bleeding volume during Dacryocystorhinostomy surgery.
Moradi Farsani D, Shetabi H, Rafiee Zadeh A … +1 more , Saffari Rad N
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35891928
BACKGROUND: Bleeding in Dacryocystorhinostomy (DRC) limits the surgeon's sight and access. Tranexamic acid, Remifentanil, and Hydralazine reduce intraoperative blood loss. However, no study has been carried out to compar...
BACKGROUND: Bleeding in Dacryocystorhinostomy (DRC) limits the surgeon's sight and access. Tranexamic acid, Remifentanil, and Hydralazine reduce intraoperative blood loss. However, no study has been carried out to compare the efficacy of the latter drugs during DCR surgery. METHODS: Ninety healthy candidates for DCR surgery with chronic Dacryocystitis (aging 20-80) were randomly assigned in groups of 30 to receive low doses of Tranexamic acid (TXA) (10 mg/kg with a maximum dose of 1000 mg), Remifentanil (0.1 µ/kg), or Hydralazine (0.1 mg/kg). All drugs were infused over 15 minutes before the initiation of surgery. The primary outcome was the bleeding volume during the surgery and until 2 hours in recovery. This study was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the code of IRCT20210614051574N10 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/62759). RESULTS: Thirty patients (mean age ± SD: 50.48±13.4) were investigated. Mean blood loss volume was lower in Remifentanil and Hydralazine groups compared with the TXA group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in bleeding volume between Remifentanil and Hydralazine groups (Tranexamic acid group: 146.83±91 ml, Remifentanil group: 77.6±52.1 ml, Hydralazine group: 80.0±48.7 ml, 95% confidence interval, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results show that Remifentanil and Hydralazine are more effective than Tranexamic acid in bleeding control.
Bempedoic acid: a novel oral LDL-cholesterol lowering agent.
Jialal I, Ramakrishnan N
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619668
An elevated LDL-cholesterol is a potent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Invariably, pharmacotherapy is required to get high risk patients to goal. The cornerstone of such therapy is the st...
An elevated LDL-cholesterol is a potent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Invariably, pharmacotherapy is required to get high risk patients to goal. The cornerstone of such therapy is the statin class of drugs. Recently Bempedoic Acid (BA), a first in class ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor was approved for LDL-C reduction based on the CLEAR trials in which BA was superior to Placebo. In addition to lowering LDL-C it also lowers apoB and hsCRP levels. BA appears to be very efficacious in combination with ezetimibe especially in statin intolerant patients. However the reduction in LDL-C is modest, it lowers HDL-C levels, causes hyperuricemia and an elevated creatinine. The ongoing Outcomes trial examining ASCVD events with BA will firmly establish the role of BA in our arsenal for the management of ASCVD if positive.
Change in binding affinity with ACE2 receptor in beta, delta and omicron SARS CoV2 variants.
Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619667
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is still an important public health problem. After a pandemic, there is already new emerging mutant type of COVID-19. Starting from mutant with few mutations, the new mutant types with several mutati...
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is still an important public health problem. After a pandemic, there is already new emerging mutant type of COVID-19. Starting from mutant with few mutations, the new mutant types with several mutations occur. Omicron variant is the new variant of concern that starts outbreak from Africa and might be the new problem worldwide. METHOD: Pathogenesis may change as a result of molecular changes. An important possible effect of mutation is a change in binding affinity with receptor. Here, the authors performed a study to assess the effect of mutations of ACE2 receptor binding affinity in important COVID-19 variants, beta, delta and omicron variants. RESULTS: According to the analysis, change of binding affinity to receptor in each studied mutated variant comparing to classical wild type SARS CoV2 is observed. CONCLUSION: This exploratory research on changes in ACE2 receptor binding affinity revealed that changes do occur and may contribute to the pathophysiology. The omicron variation has a greater degree of alteration than the well-known significant variants, beta and delta. Rapid spread due to simpler transmission is envisaged as a result of affinity modification. Nevertheless, the authors only examined the affinity with bioinformatics analysis. It is different from experimental analysis, therefore, it may not real and further studies are required for confirmation.
Estimated change of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy due to omicron variant SARS CoV2.
Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619666
COVID-19, an infection caused by SARS CoV2, is a worldwide public health problem at present. Pandemic of this respiratory viral infection has occurred since 2020. Recently, in late 2021, the new variant of SARS CoV2, omi...
COVID-19, an infection caused by SARS CoV2, is a worldwide public health problem at present. Pandemic of this respiratory viral infection has occurred since 2020. Recently, in late 2021, the new variant of SARS CoV2, omicron, was reported from Africa and already cause problems in many countries. Regarding omicron variant, there are many mutations within the molecule of SARS CoV2. The effect of molecular change is unknown and the study on its clinical impact is interesting. An important possible clinical impact of the mutation in omicron is a change of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. Herein, we used a clinical mathematical model to assess the effect of mutations in omicron variants on vaccine efficacy. Compared to classical SARS CoV2, the omicron form has a large estimated decrease, believed to be roughly 12 times normal. Therefore, it is necessary to find out a new effective vaccine for controlling of the new omicron variant.
Improved Aitongxiao prescription (I-ATXP) induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and blocks exosomes release in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
Huang MB, Gao Z, Xia M … +11 more , Zhao X, Fan X, Lin S, Zhang L, Huang L, Wei A, Zhou H, Wu JY, Roth WW, Bond VC, Leng J
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619665
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common malignancy globally, after lung cancer, accounting for 85-90% of primary liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered the leading risk...
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common malignancy globally, after lung cancer, accounting for 85-90% of primary liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered the leading risk factor for HCC development in China. HCC is a highly malignant cancer whose metastasis is primarily influenced by the tumor microenvironment. The role of exosomes in cancer development has become the focus of much research due to the many newly described contents of exosomes, which may contribute to tumorigenesis. However, the possible role exosomes play in the interactions between HCC cells and their surrounding hepatic milieu is mainly unknown. We discovered an Improved Aitongxiao Prescription (I-ATXP): an 80% alcohol extract from a mix of 15 specific plant and animal compounds, which had been shown to have an anticancer effect through inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and blocking exosomes release in HCC cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of I-ATXP on human liver carcinoma is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: Due to its inhibitory effects on chemical carcinogenesis and inflammation, I-ATXP has been proposed as an effective agent for preventing or treating human liver carcinoma. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of I-ATXP on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycles of different HCC cell lines. We investigated the impact of I-ATXP on exosomes' secretion derived from these HCC cells. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of I-ATXP on proliferation and cytotoxicity of HepG2, SMMC7721, HKCL-C3 HCC cell lines, and MIHA immortalized hepatocyte cell line was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The expression of Alix and CD63 of exosome marker proteins was detected by western blotting. The exosome protein concentration was measured by a fluorescent plate reader. The exosome-specific enzyme activity was measured by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) assay, and exosome morphological characteristics were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: I-ATXP inhibited the growth of HCC cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that I-ATXP induced G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis. The I-ATX reduced HepG2, SMMC7721, and HKCI-C HCC cell lines exosomes release and low-dose I-ATXP significantly enhanced the growth inhibition induced by 5-Fu. Western blot analysis shows that after HCC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of I-ATXP (0.125-1 mg/ml) for 24 h, exosomes derived from three different HCC cells expressed exosome-specific proteins Alix and CD63. Compared with the untreated group, with the increment of the concentration of I-ATXP, the expression of exosome-specific proteins Alix and CD63 were reduced. These results suggest that I-ATXP can inhibit the release of exosomes with Alix and CD63 protein from HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: I-ATXP is a traditional Chinese medicine that acts as an effective agent for preventing or treating human liver carcinoma. (i) I-ATXP can effectively inhibit cell proliferation of different HCC cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Compared with 5-Fu, I-ATXP exhibited more selective proliferation inhibition in HCC cells, displaying traditional Chinese medicine advantages on tumor therapy and providing the experimental basis for I-ATXP clinical application. (ii) I-ATXP can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells. The CCK-8 assay results indicated that I-ATXP could inhibit HCC cell proliferation mediated by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (iii) I-ATXP can inhibit both the exosome releases and expression of CD63, and Alix derived from HCC cells, but the exosomes derived from liver cancer cells affect liver cancer cells' biological properties such as proliferation, invasion, and migration. These suggest that I-ATXP may affect HCC cells via regulation of exosomes of HCC cells, further indicating the potential clinical values of I-ATXP for the prevention or treatment of human liver carcinoma.
Clinical applications of EEG as an excellent tool for event related potentials in psychiatric and neurotic disorders.
Jadhav C, Kamble P, Mundewadi S … +5 more , Jaiswal N, Mali S, Ranga S, Suvvari TK, Rukadikar A
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619664
Electroencephalography is an excellent tool for assessing neurobiological and neurotransmission dysfunction. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a simple, non-invasive method of studying neurophysiology. ERPs reflect com...
Electroencephalography is an excellent tool for assessing neurobiological and neurotransmission dysfunction. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a simple, non-invasive method of studying neurophysiology. ERPs reflect complex activity of neural networks to blame for discriminative behavior of people and recognition of novel stimuli. They are defined as brain voltage fluctuations linked in time with some physical or mental event. EEG is used to assess ERPs, and its use has grown in popularity since the 1960s. This article provides an overview of the ERP methods as well as the properties of the various ERP components (contingent negative variation, namely wave P300, Bereitschafts potential, and mismatch negativity). It also describes ERP alterations linked with neurologic and psychiatric disorders and discusses the possibility of using this technique in experimental psychology. ERPs may reveal psychophysiological characteristics in obsessive compulsive disorder patients, which may have therapeutic and pharmacological consequences. The P3 wave is the most significant and researched component of the ERP record. It is divided into two parts: P3a and P3b. The P3 wave has therapeutic significance, in addition to its application in neurophysiological and psychophysiological research. One neurophysiology indicator of cognitive impairment in depression is the P300 component of the ERPs. The severity of the illness as well as sociodemographic disparities is likely to influence individuals with neurotic disorders' access to psychiatric care in the general community.
Usefulness of ginseng in management of dengue: a bioinformatics pathway interrelationship analysis.
Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619663
OBJECTIVE: The function of traditional herbs in tropical illness therapy is interesting. Many researches are currently being conducted on the effects of traditional herbs on a number of tropical ailments, including dengu...
OBJECTIVE: The function of traditional herbs in tropical illness therapy is interesting. Many researches are currently being conducted on the effects of traditional herbs on a number of tropical ailments, including dengue fever. METHODS: In this short paper, we used network pharmacology to determine a shared biological pathway for the pharmacological impact of ginseng, a traditional Asian herb, and the pathophysiological process of dengue fever, a serious tropical vector-borne disease. RESULTS: Using interrelationship analysis, the authors were able to discover the common pathway via the vimentin node. CONCLUSION: It's possible that ginseng could help in dengue fever therapy.
Cost-utility-safety analysis of alternative intradermal versus classical intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination.
Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619662
COVID-19 immunization has been shown to be effective in the prevention of COVID-19. Traditionally, two vaccination doses given by intramuscular injection are required. Many scientists present ideas for an alternative adm...
COVID-19 immunization has been shown to be effective in the prevention of COVID-19. Traditionally, two vaccination doses given by intramuscular injection are required. Many scientists present ideas for an alternative administration of COVID-19 for reducing the cost and solving the problem of insufficient COVID-19 vaccine supply. Regarding the new alternative vaccine administration, the important consideration is on cost, utility and safety. Herein, we performed cost-utility-safety analysis of alternative intradermal versus classical intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination. From cost analysis, a 80% cost reduction was derived from using intradermal COVID-19 vaccine administration comparing to intramuscular vaccination. Additional, cost-utility and cost-safety analysis also show that the cost per utility and cost per safety values for intradermal vaccination are lower than those of intramuscular vaccination. According to current research, intradermal immunization is a viable alternative to traditional intramuscular COVID-19 vaccine and may even be superior.
The long-term renal effects of short periods of unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Hammad FT
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619661
The response of the kidney and its recovery following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) depend on several factors including the duration of obstruction, the species involved and the age of the individual. In neonates...
The response of the kidney and its recovery following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) depend on several factors including the duration of obstruction, the species involved and the age of the individual. In neonates, there is compelling evidence to indicate that even short periods of reversible UUO might lead to long-term renal impairment. In adults, the glomerular filtration rate returns to baseline values soon after the release of short periods of UUO. Despite this return to normal, experimental data have demonstrated that short periods of reversible UUO could lead to long-term renal functional alterations including tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and urinary albumin leakage in addition to alterations in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines. The concentrating ability of the kidney and its response to stimuli such as renal nerve stimulation and physiological doses of angiotensin-II were also shown to be affected at least in the intermediate-term following UUO reversal. In humans, epidemiological studies have also demonstrated a clear association between long-term renal impairment and ureteral obstruction. However, in clinical studies, it is usually difficult to precisely determine the degree and the time of onset of ureteral obstruction and more studies are required in this field. In conclusion, the available experimental and clinical data indicate that even short periods of UUO can cause long-term renal dysfunction. These findings might have clinical implications related to the early intervention following acute onset of UUO and to the need for long-term monitoring of renal functions particularly in patients with underlying chronic renal disease.
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