Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatrics with gastrointestinal complaints.
Nasri P, Saneian H, Famouri F … +2 more , Khademian M, Salehi F
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35619660
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in gastric mucosa both in adults and pediatrics. Here we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in pediatrics with gast...
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in gastric mucosa both in adults and pediatrics. Here we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in pediatrics with gastrointestinal complaints by the endoscopic method and using pathology reports. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed in 2019-2020 in Imam Hossein hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences on medical documents of pediatrics that underwent gastric or duodenal biopsy via endoscopy. We collected data regarding patients' age, gender, place of residence, type of gastrointestinal complaints, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection from the medical reports. We also investigated the possible correlation between the presence of Helicobacter pylori and the type of complaints among patients. RESULTS: A total number of 400 pediatrics entered the study. Abdominal pain was the most common complaint (42%). Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 31 cases (7.8%). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in boys (10.7%) was significantly higher than in girls (4.6%) (P = 0.02) and was significantly related to the age group of children (P<0.001) in the way that Helicobacter pylori infection was more common in higher ages. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the type of complaint (P = 0.29). CONCLUSION: We showed that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is low among pediatrics with gastrointestinal complaints and this issue could cast doubt on the high prevalence rates and importance of this infection in children.
Expected response to the additional third dose of COVID-19 vaccine based on different complete standard vaccination background.
Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310866
COVID-19 vaccination is proven useful for primary prevention against COVID-19. Classically, two doses of vaccine are required. After complete vaccination, there might be a decline in immunity level. When there is a new e...
COVID-19 vaccination is proven useful for primary prevention against COVID-19. Classically, two doses of vaccine are required. After complete vaccination, there might be a decline in immunity level. When there is a new emerging variant and a possible decline of immunity in general people after standard mass vaccination, many scientists propose ideas for the additional third dose vaccination. The effectiveness of the third vaccine still unknown, therefore any studies on its effectiveness are interesting. Additionally, there are also many new ideas for using a new type of COVID-19 crossing to the previous completely vaccinated one. In this study, the authors use a clinical model technique for estimating of response to the additional third dose of COVID-19 vaccine based on different complete standard vaccination background.
Evaluation of chest CT scan finding in the patients with acute respiratory symptoms following positive results of RT-PCR-COVID19.
Ahmadi J, Kahkeshpour F, Farahmand H … +4 more , Esmaeili Nadimi A, Ghadimi K, Bazmandegan G, Kamiab Z
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310865
BACKGROUND: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a standard technique for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The parameters for the diagnosis of COVID-19 included the history of exposu...
BACKGROUND: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a standard technique for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The parameters for the diagnosis of COVID-19 included the history of exposure to positive COVID-19 patients, clinical signs and symptoms related to the disease, inflammation factors in the blood test or positive antigen-antibody test, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. The current study evaluated the chest CT scan findings in patients with respiratory problems following positive RT-PCR of COVID 19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients referred to Ali Ibn-Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, Iran, with respiratory symptoms between Dec-2019 to Dec-2020. Two radiologists reviewed the chest CT scans of these patients using the checklist that included parameters such as the types of involvement (consolidation/grand-glass/crazy paving, etc.) and the patterns of involvement (central/peripheral), and the pleural findings. RESULTS: The CT scan was conducted in 107 patients with a typical condition and 11 patients with an atypical form of the disease. The frequency of the typical CT image of COVID-19 in the male group was significantly higher than that in the female group (P=0.004). The frequency of reverse halo sign, septal thickening, cardiomegaly, and crazy paving was significantly higher in males than in females (P≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between age groups based on the number of involved lobes (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Chest CT scan is an important diagnostic method for COVID 19 with high sensitivity. The parameters in the CT scan are beneficial for the diagnosis of COVID 19. In addition, some characters in CT scans in the male gender are more specific.
Immune system response to isometric handgrip exercise and effects of duration and intensity of the exercise protocol on selected immune system parameters in prehypertensives.
Ogbutor UG, Nwangwa EK, Ogbeivor C … +8 more , Ezeonu N, Ephraim C, Igweh JC, Ugoeze FC, Ezunu E, Nwabueze OZ, Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E, Nwogueze BC
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310864
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that physical exercise significantly modulates immunocyte dynamics and possibly plays a significant role on immune function. This study examined the responses of some selected immune...
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that physical exercise significantly modulates immunocyte dynamics and possibly plays a significant role on immune function. This study examined the responses of some selected immune system parameters to isometric handgrip exercise and identified possible effects of intensity and duration of the exercise protocols. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-two (N=192) sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30-50 years were recruited into the study. They were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 subjects each. A detailed explanation and a demonstration of the exercise protocol were given to the subjects and they were asked to report at the Exercise Physiology unit of the Physiotherapy department, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State at 4.00 pm daily for the exercise practice. The training session for each day took place between the hours of 4.00 pm and 8.00 pm daily (FMC/ASB/A81.VOL.XII/101). The subjects performed a 24 consecutive day's isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued with the exercise protocol, while group two (GP2) and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days nevertheless GP3 performed at an increased intensity of 50% MVC. The clinical trial was registered with Nigeria Clinical Trial Registry, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja Nigeriawith Trial No: 1216582 (https://www.nctr.nhrec.net/viewTrials.php?TID=1216582). RESULTS: At the end of the study, the result shows thatthe number of CD4 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio significantly (P<0.05) increased while the CD8 cell decreased in GP2 and GP3. It was further shown that increase in duration produced a more significant change compared to an increase in intensity of the isometric effort. CONCLUSION: The study established that isometric handgrip exercise alters the circulating levels of the immune system parameters which could have positive beneficial effects on the prehypertensive individuals as the number of CD4 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio increased especially when practiced over a longer duration.
Unfolding newer concepts in placental pathology of obstetric cholestasis-a cause for prematurity.
Devalla A, Srivastava K
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310863
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has an increased predisposition to occur in the third trimester of pregnancy and has a varied population incidence rates due to genetic influences. Owing to the adverse and unp...
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has an increased predisposition to occur in the third trimester of pregnancy and has a varied population incidence rates due to genetic influences. Owing to the adverse and unpredictable fetal outcomes, it poses a serious therapeutic challenge to the clinician. A rise in the incidence of iatrogenic prematurity has been observed, raising concerns over the perinatal outcomes. Excess bile acids and altered placental transport mechanisms have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of ICP and its complications. The exact etiology is not known; yet major underlying risk factors that are thought to contribute to the disease process include genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immunological. Newer molecular processes acting at the placental level, apart from specific histopathological changes, have assumed significance in recent times. In this review, we attempt to highlight the recent understanding of the mechanisms that operate in the placenta in patients with obstetric cholestasis that lead to poor fetal outcomes, through various studies published in the literature. Despite these additions to the existing knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of obstetric cholestasis and its possible placental origin, further studies are needed to validate the newer concepts.
MMEF may predict significant BDR and future risk of exacerbations in asthmatic children with normal baseline FEV.
Lazova S, Priftis S, Petrova G … +2 more , Naseva E, Velikova T
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310862
(1) Background: Several recent studies on the clinical value of spirometry indexes demonstrated high sensitivity of FEF as a marker of bronchial obstruction in asthmatics with normal baseline spirometry. Our study aims t...
(1) Background: Several recent studies on the clinical value of spirometry indexes demonstrated high sensitivity of FEF as a marker of bronchial obstruction in asthmatics with normal baseline spirometry. Our study aims to evaluate the clinical value of maximal mid-expiratory flow in children with asthma. (2) Methods: For two years, 257 children were included - 211 with asthma and 46 healthy controls. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry, atopic status determination and asthma control assessment were performed. (3) Results: The small airway obstruction (SAO) group (FEV≥80%, ММEF<65%) demonstrated significantly lower values for FEV, FEV/FVC, PEFR, МMMF and a significant higher bronchodilator response (BDR, ΔFEV% init. ≥12%) compared to normal baseline spirometry group (FEV>80%, MMEF≥65%) (Р<0.0001). In addition, we found a statistically significant difference in FEF/FVC median between asthmatics and healthy controls (Р<0.0001) regardless of the FEV value. Children with SAO have a 2.338-fold higher risk of poor asthma outcome (OR 95% CI [1.077-5.294]) and a 6.171-fold (OR 95% CI [2.523-15.096]) greater probability of demonstrating positive BDR, compared to children with normal baseline spirometry. MMEF was found to be a good predictor for positive BDR with AUC 0.843 (CI 0.781-0.845) and a best cut-off value of 58.1% (77.8% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity). (4) Conclusion: Our results confirmed that a small but substantial group of asthmatic children with normal baseline FEV and low MMEF are at higher risk for poor asthma outcomes.
Effect of body mass index on cardiorespiratory parameters among medical students: a cross-sectional study.
Shah H, Mali S, Ranga S … +4 more , Jadhav C, Rukadikar A, Singh AK, Shamnani G
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310861
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global crisis due to its significant contribution to mortality and morbidity. This study discovered an association between body mass index (BMI) with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and aerobic c...
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global crisis due to its significant contribution to mortality and morbidity. This study discovered an association between body mass index (BMI) with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and aerobic capacity (VO max) in medical students of Zydus Medical College and Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat. AIM: The study aimed to determine the effect of obesity on cardiopulmonary health of medical students. OBJECTIVES: The study objectives were as follows: 1. To compare PFT parameters and VO max between obese and non-obese students. 2. To study the correlation of BMI with PFTs and VO max. MATERIAL AND METHODS: BMI was calculated with the formula BMI = weight/height. PFTs were assessed with computerized spirometry. Aerobic capacity was calculated with Astrand 6-minute Cycle Test. Statistical analysis was done with unpaired t-test. RESULTS: This study found a significant difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (FEV), slow vital capacity (SVC), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV), and VO max between obese and non-obese students (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between BMI and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), MVV, SVC, expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and MVV and negative correlation with FVC, FEV, lung age, and VO max in non-obese students. There was also a positive correlation between BMI and PEFR, SVC, FVC, FEV, lung age, MVV, ERV, and a negative correlation with FEF and VO max in obese students. CONCLUSION: As BMI is inversely related to cardiopulmonary function, students having high BMI can be motivated toward a healthy lifestyle.
Evaluation of the serum level of osteoprotegerin and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Veshnavei HA
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310860
OBJECTIVES: Women might face different issues after menopause. Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is one of these problems that put a heavy burden on the healthcare system, especially in developing countries. Studie...
OBJECTIVES: Women might face different issues after menopause. Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is one of these problems that put a heavy burden on the healthcare system, especially in developing countries. Studies assume that along with increased age, lack of physical activity and hormonal issues, some other factors might take part in this process. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of the assumed factors. Here we aimed to assess the relation between serum levels of OPG and BMD in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 90 postmenopausal women were entered. Our cases were divided based on former medical documents into two groups of osteoporotic women (n=45) and healthy women (n=45). All cases were then analyzed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and BMD and T-score were assessed for each case in different sites. Serum levels of OPG were also assessed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were then analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: There were higher OPG levels in osteoporotic women compared with healthy women (P<0.001). We also indicated a significant difference in BMD between two groups of postmenopausal women in different sites (i.e. lumbar vertebrae L2-L4, trochanters, femoral neck and hip). We showed there is a reverse relation between serum OPG levels and BMD in lumbar vertebrae (r=-0.4, P=0.002), hip (r=-0.3, P=0.03) and femoral neck (r=-0.3, P=0.02) in both groups. There is a reverse relation between BMD and serum levels of OPG in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: OPG levels are higher in osteoporotic women and have a reverse relation with BMD.
Hyperexcitability in adult mice with severe deficiency in Na1.2 channels.
Nadella N, Ghosh A, Chu XP
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2022 · PMID 35310859
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Epileptic individuals are faced with seizures, which are largely caused by enhanced neuronal excitability and/or decreased neuronal inhibitory activity. encodes...
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Epileptic individuals are faced with seizures, which are largely caused by enhanced neuronal excitability and/or decreased neuronal inhibitory activity. encodes a neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel, Na1.2 that is primarily found in excitatory neurons throughout the brain. Na1.2 is most concentrated within the principal neurons of the corticostriatal circuit, which includes pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and medium spiny neurons in the striatum. In the early stage of adult development, the Na1.2 channel plays critical roles in generation and propagation of action potentials in these neurons. Gain of Function variants of results in unprovoked seizures and epilepsy, while loss-of-function variants of is a leading cause for autism spectrum disorder as well as intellectual disability. Previous studies have shown that full deletion of gene in mice is lethal and partial disruption of gene (less than 50%) leads to inhibition of neuronal excitability. A recent study from Dr. Yang's laboratory revealed an unexpected result from mice with severe Na1.2 deficiency and they demonstrated that severe deletion of gene (around 68% gene disruption) in Na1.2 triggers neuronal hyperexcitability in adult mice. Their findings may explain the puzzling clinical observation that certain individuals with Na1.2 deficiency still develop unprovoked seizure. With the knowledge that using sodium-channel blockers simply exacerbates the seizure, the need for understanding the intrinsic nature of the Na1.2 channel provides an important research topic in the future.
Predictors and patterns of polypharmacy in chronic diseases in a middle-income country.
Matthias AT, Fernando GVMC, Somathilake BGGK … +1 more , Prathapan S
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 35103098
Low and middle-income countries (LMIC) are increasingly affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which overburden the health system. With the rising prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy is inevitable. Sri Lank...
Low and middle-income countries (LMIC) are increasingly affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which overburden the health system. With the rising prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy is inevitable. Sri Lanka too faces the burden of polypharmacy and multimorbidity, and it is a strain on the economy as Sri Lankan health care is free-of-charge to all citizens. Therefore, steps to reduce inappropriate polypharmacy are a necessity. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and patterns of polypharmacy and its associated factors. In the medical clinics of a tertiary care hospital and a University primary care department, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were extracted from the clinical records of patients over the age of 20 years with a minimum of one NCD diagnosed by either a consultant physician or a consultant family physician. The sample size was 1600. Multimorbidity was present among 63.5% of patients. Polypharmacy (five or more than five drugs) was seen in 36.8% of the patients. Diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease were the commonest of all diseases. Those on more than 11 drugs were found to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and cardiac failure. 15% of the patients in the primary care setting and 59% of the patients in tertiary care experienced polypharmacy. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that polypharmacy increased with male gender, advancing age, and the degree of multimorbidity. Horizontal and vertical integration of multidisciplinary teams in all disciplines to manage patients is needed to combat inappropriate polypharmacy. This will help in optimizing the management of patients with NCDs.
Artemisinin resistance: an important emerging clinical problem in tropical medicine.
Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 35103097
Artemisinin is an important antimalarial drug which is originated and developed from Chinese traditional herbal regimen. At present, artemisinin is used as an antimalarial drug for treatment of drug resistant malarial in...
Artemisinin is an important antimalarial drug which is originated and developed from Chinese traditional herbal regimen. At present, artemisinin is used as an antimalarial drug for treatment of drug resistant malarial infection. The effectiveness of artemisinin is clinically accepted. Hence, artemisinin is currently used as main drug for malaria treatment in many tropical countries. Artemisinin resistance is a new emerging clinical problem in tropical medicine. New mutation can result in artemisinin resistance and the resistance becomes important new emerging problem in clinical malariology. It is necessary to control of artemisinin use and searching for new effective drug against artemisinin resistant malaria. In this article, the authors summarizes on important updated information regarding artemisinin resistance.
Change of blood viscosity after COVID-19 vaccination: estimation for persons with underlying metabolic syndrome.
Joob B, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34868465
The COVID-19 vaccine is a new vaccine aiming at control of COVID-19 pandemic. This new vaccine is useful for pandemic management, however, an important consideration is on its safety. Thrombosis is a problem might occur...
The COVID-19 vaccine is a new vaccine aiming at control of COVID-19 pandemic. This new vaccine is useful for pandemic management, however, an important consideration is on its safety. Thrombosis is a problem might occur after COVID-19 vaccination and the increased blood viscosity is a pathomechanism. Here, the authors estimate on blood viscosity change after COVID-19 vaccination for vaccine recipient with underlying metabolic syndrome. Based on mathematical modelling and simulating technique, the authors estimate the change of blood viscosity after COVID-19 vaccination for persons with underlying metabolic syndrome. According to the estimation, blood viscosity in a healthy person is estimated 2.7 times higher than the normal value while blood viscosity in person with the underlying metabolic syndrome is estimated 2.99 times higher than the normal value. Based on this preliminary report, a more increased blood viscosity level is detected in vaccine recipients with the underlying metabolic syndrome. Monitoring of the blood viscosity problem among a vaccine recipient who has metabolic syndrome is recommended.
Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and associated factors among cotton-ginning workers at Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Derso Y, Dagnew B, Akalu Y … +3 more , Getu AA, Getnet M, Yeshaw Y
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34868464
BACKGROUND: Cotton dust is one of the risk factors for occupational respiratory diseases, a condition characterized by reduced pulmonary function and overwhelming respiratory symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to dete...
BACKGROUND: Cotton dust is one of the risk factors for occupational respiratory diseases, a condition characterized by reduced pulmonary function and overwhelming respiratory symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine pulmonary function parameters, respiratory symptoms, and associated factors among cotton-ginning workers at Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 (83 cotton-ginning workers and 83 healthy controls) individuals. Simple random sampling and convenience sampling techniques were used to recruit cotton-ginning workers and controls, respectively. Pulmonary function parameters were measured using Spirometer. Data on respiratory symptoms were collected using the Modified American Thoracic Society questionnaire. We used Chi-square (χ) and independent "t" test to compare the outcome variables between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of respiratory symptoms among cotton-ginning workers. The strength of association was determined using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and statistical significance was decided at P<0.05. RESULTS: Cotton-ginning workers had reduced FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, PEFR and FEF25-75%) as compared with controls. The prevalence of overall respiratory symptom was 68.6% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.8) among cotton-ginning workers and 19.2% (95% CI: 12, 29.3) among controls. Females (AOR=5.9, 95% CI: 1.19, 29.9), those with primary and secondary education (AOR=7.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 52), working at ginning department (AOR=9.4, 95% CI 1.6, 53) and pressing department (AOR=8.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 48) and not using personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR=9.1, 95% CI: 1.8, 45.1) had an increased odds of having respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: Reduced pulmonary function parameters and a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms were observed among cotton-ginning workers than controls. This suggests the need to tailor workplace safety measures to prevent occupational respiratory diseases.
Enhanced recovery open radical prostatectomy: costs and length of hospital stay.
Travassos TC, Pereira JCN, Monteiro ED … +4 more , Brunca B, Figueiredo CM, Mouawad GS, Reis LO
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34868463
PURPOSE: To evaluate factors related to the length of hospital stay and costs in patients undergoing local multimodal anesthetic solution compared to neuraxial block, both in association with general anesthesia. METHODS:...
PURPOSE: To evaluate factors related to the length of hospital stay and costs in patients undergoing local multimodal anesthetic solution compared to neuraxial block, both in association with general anesthesia. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 77 consecutive patients submitted to open radical prostatectomies: 42 under general anesthesia plus neuraxial block, and 35 under enhanced recovery multimodal general anesthesia associated with preemptive target anesthetic solution (3 phases-P.T.A.S). Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Spearman correlation were applied with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The cost was positively and significantly related to the pathological report (PR), anesthetic time, use of crystalloid, and total drain volume. Length of hospital stay was positively and significantly related to the use of crystalloids and total drain volume, with a strong correlation with the latter. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups; however, there was a tendency to reduce the length of stay in the multimodal anesthetic solution group that may be better evidenced in studies with greater sampling power.
Comparison of the triglyceride-waist circumference and the C-reactive protein-waist circumference indices in nascent metabolic syndrome.
Jialal I, Adams-Huet B
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34868462
The Hypertriglyceridemia waist (HTGW) appears to be a valid measure of visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Since the cut poin...
The Hypertriglyceridemia waist (HTGW) appears to be a valid measure of visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Since the cut points differ for different race groups recent studies have instead used the simplified product of triglycerides and waist circumference (TG.WC). In our patients with nascent MetS (without the confounding of T2DM, ASCVD, smoking and macro-inflammation) we found that only 41% had an increased HTGW. Since MetS is a pro-inflammatory disorder we compared the product of CRP to WC (CRP.WC) to TG.WC in our patients with nascent MetS as biomarkers. Patients with MetS (n=58) and matched controls (n=44) were recruited. Fasting blood samples were obtained for routine laboratories including the lipid profile, insulin, and adipokines. Both the TG.WC and CRP.WC indices were significantly increased in MetS and both increased with increasing severity of MetS. Whilst both correlated with cardio-metabolic features and insulin resistance, only the CRP.WC correlated significantly with adiponectin, an adipokine largely deriving from visceral adipose tissue. The TG.WC correlated with LDL-cholesterol which was not increased in this group. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that both ratios showed good discrimination for MetS with no significant differences between ratios. Thus both the TG.WC and CRP.WC indices are significantly increased in patients with nascent MetS and appear to be valid biomarkers of MetS.
Mental health indicators in the later phase of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in healthy youth combined elderly people: a web-based cross-sectional survey.
Gangwar V, Singh A, Verma M … +4 more , John NA, Gangwar RS, John J, Jasrotia RB
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34540132
Lockdown was implemented throughout the world in March 2020 to control the spread of covid-19 infection. It affected the mental health of people in various ways. This web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the...
Lockdown was implemented throughout the world in March 2020 to control the spread of covid-19 infection. It affected the mental health of people in various ways. This web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population of India with an aim to evaluate the mental health of the healthy individuals in the later stage of the lockdown period. Data on socio-demographic factors, anxiety, depression (HADS scale), perceived stress (PSS scale), insomnia (insomnia severity index), subjective psychological feeling of well-being (WHO-5 well-being Index), and attitude towards covid-19 (7-point Likert scale) was collected. Univariate regression analysis and Karl Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the correlation of mental health abnormalities with socio-demographic factors. 119 subjects of mean age of 36.03 ± 18.04 years took part in the study. Their average number of days of stay at home during the lockdown and the average number of days of the lifestyle changes was 49.07 ± 31.92 and 61.39 ± 20.03 days, respectively. Depression, anxiety, stress, and clinical insomnia due to covid-19 were reported in 13.45%, 10.92%, 14.29%, and 11.76% subjects, respectively. There was a significant correlation of depression, anxiety, stress, and WHO-5 well-being score with age, socio-economic status, and the average number of days of the change in lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.05). Therefore, the study concluded that the abnormalities of mental health were less prevalent in the older age group and lower socioeconomic status in the later phase of lockdown.
Comparison of therapeutic effects of statins and aloe vera mouthwash on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis.
Karbasizade S, Ghorbani F, Ghasemi Darestani N … +2 more , Mansouri-Tehrani MM, Kazemi AH
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34540131
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy induced oral mucositis is a common problem among patients with cancer. Different therapeutic agents have been evaluated to prevent or treat the disease. Here we aimed to compare therapeutic effec...
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy induced oral mucositis is a common problem among patients with cancer. Different therapeutic agents have been evaluated to prevent or treat the disease. Here we aimed to compare therapeutic effects of atorvastatin and aloe vera mouthwash on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. METHODS: 120 patients with large intestine and gastric cancer who were treated with 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX4) for the first time were entered and randomized into 3 groups. Group 1 received tablets of atorvastatin 10 mg daily until 2 weeks after chemotherapy sessions plus placebo mouthwash. Group 2 received aloe vera mouthwash plus placebo tablets and group 3 received placebo mouthwash and placebo tablets until 2 weeks after chemotherapy sessions. Severity of mucositis was assessed using world health organization (WHO) indexes. Based on this method, mucositis is divided into 4 grades. This study was approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code of: IRCT20201203049585N1 (https://fa.irct.ir/trial/54037). RESULTS: Analysis of the incidence of mucositis among patients showed that in placebo group, 50% of patients experienced grade 2 to 4 mucositis. In group 1, 9 patients (22.5%) had grade 2 mucositis and 6 patients (15%) had grade 3 mucositis and 4 patients (10%) had grade 4 mucositis. In group 2, only 1 patient (2.5%) was diagnosed with grade 2 mucositis. These data showed no significant differences between group 1 and group 3 (P=0.674), but the therapeutic results of group 2 were significantly better than those of group 3 (P=0.042) and group 1 (P=0.036). CONCLUSION: We showed that treatments with aloe vera mouthwash could be an effective choice in prevention of mucositis for patients undergoing chemotherapy. There are also much to discover about effects of aloe vera mouthwash on this disease.
Mechanism and adverse effects of COVID-19 drugs: a basic review.
Mohammad Zadeh N, Mashinchi Asl NS, Forouharnejad K … +4 more , Ghadimi K, Parsa S, Mohammadi S, Omidi A
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34540130
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is chronic, inflammatory. Although the exact mechan...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is chronic, inflammatory. Although the exact mechanisms of COVID-19 have not been yet discovered some drugs are found helpful for its treatment. These drugs which are divided into some lines therapies, have demonstrated to be helpful for COVID-19 patients based on immune basic and its antiviral properties of the disease. Previous studies have been indicated that deterioration of COVID-19 condition is associated with a weaker immune system. Most of these therapies impact on the immune system and immune cells. Beside many beneficial effects of these drugs, some adverse effects (AE) have been reported in many experiments and clinical trials among patients suffering from COVID-19. In this review, we conclude some AEs of vitamin-D, zinc, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, azithromycin, dexamethasone, amantadine, aspirin reported in different papers and we continue the rest of the drugs in second part of our review article.
The change of intracellular zinc distribution after strong acid challenge.
Hu Y, Li YV
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34336133
Zinc (Zn) is stored in the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and zinc-binding proteins. The acidity of the microenvironment affects the binding between zinc and proteins in wh...
Zinc (Zn) is stored in the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and zinc-binding proteins. The acidity of the microenvironment affects the binding between zinc and proteins in which zinc become free or loosely bound. In this study, when cells were treated with an acidic medium, we started seeing free zinc 'hot spots' or zincosomes where we found bright zinc fluorescence. The rising free zinc quickly across whole cells with both intensity and distribution were pH-dependent. Interestingly, the nucleus was more sensitive to acidic treatment as the increase of nuclear zinc was faster and higher than the increase of cytosolic zinc. In addition, we re-cultured strong acid-challenged cells in a normal medium. Comparing to the control, these cells exhibited multiple zinc 'hot spots' beside the nucleus, suggesting that free zinc became more extensively distributed. To investigate further the function of zinc in cell shaping and morphological changes, we categorized strong acid-challenged cells into different shapes and found that the proportion of each cell shape had changed after the acid challenge. These acid-induced changes of the cell shape percentage were partially reversed by the reduction of zinc, suggesting that zinc participated in directing the cell shapes and morphologies during cell growth. Our findings reveal that acidic pH affects the dynamics of cellular zinc by making zinc more accessible to cellular compartments and zinc-binding proteins, which provided new insights into understanding the cellular behavior and the function of zinc in it.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chronic diseases care follow-up and current perspectives in low resource settings: a narrative review.
Fekadu G, Bekele F, Tolossa T … +10 more , Fetensa G, Turi E, Getachew M, Abdisa E, Assefa L, Afeta M, Demisew W, Dugassa D, Diriba DC, Labata BG
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2021 · PMID 34336132
Coronavirus is a respiratory disease that spreads globally. The severity and mortality risk of the disease is significant in the elderly, peoples having co-morbidities, and immunosuppressive patients. The outbreak of the...
Coronavirus is a respiratory disease that spreads globally. The severity and mortality risk of the disease is significant in the elderly, peoples having co-morbidities, and immunosuppressive patients. The outbreak of the pandemic created significant barriers to diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of chronic diseases. Delivering regular and routine comprehensive care for chronic patients was disrupted due to closures of healthcare facilities, lack of public transportation or reductions in services. The purpose of this narrative review was to update how patients with chronic care were affected during the pandemic, healthcare utilization services and available opportunities for better chronic disease management during the pandemic in resources limited settings. Moreover, this review may call to the attention of concerned bodies to make decisions and take measures in the spirit of improving the burden of chronic diseases by forwarding necessary recommendations for possible change and to scale up current intervention programs.
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