Depress Anxiety [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The Role of Temperament Traits in Bipolar Disorder: Neuroimaging Study.
Markin K, Trufanov A, Tarumov D … +3 more , Krasichkov A, Shichkina Y, Kupriyanov M
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40384807 · Full text
This study aimed to identify temperament traits alterations in bipolar disorder (BD) and explore their potential neuroimaging correlates using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed seed-to-vox...
This study aimed to identify temperament traits alterations in bipolar disorder (BD) and explore their potential neuroimaging correlates using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed seed-to-voxel alterations in four large-scale brain networks (Salience, Frontoparietal, Default Mode, and SensoriMotor) in 49 patients with BD and 49 healthy individuals according to the difference of temperamental traits (Reward Dependence, Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Persistence). Also, we measured the relationship of temperamental traits with the severity of manic and depressive symptoms and impulsivity. Lower Reward Dependence (t-Welch's (87.1) = -2.50; =0.014) in bipolar patients was associated with increased functional connectivity between Salience Network and Default Mode and FrontoParietal Networks. Higher Novelty Seeking (t-Welch's (87.3) = 4.37; < 0.001) was associated with increased functional connectivity within FrontoParietal Network, whereas its functional connectivity with Visual and Dorsal Attention Networks was decreased. Higher Harm Avoidance (t-Welch's (82.8) = 4.85; < 0.001) was associated with increased functional connectivity between FrontoParietal Network and basal ganglia. Lower Persistence ( = 998; =0.002) was associated with decreased functional connectivity within FrontoParietal Network and with Default Mode Network. Higher persistence in bipolar patients was associated with greater severity of manic symptoms (Spearman's rho = 0.302, =0.018), while lower Reward Dependence was associated with increased severity of depressive symptoms (Pearson's = -0.388, =0.003). Harm Avoidance negatively correlates with Persistence (Pearson's = -0.525, < 0.001) and positively with reward dependence (Pearson's = -0.259, =0.036). We also found a negative correlation between impulsivity and Reward Dependence (Pearson's = -0.312, =0.029) and positive correlation between impulsivity and Novelty Seeking (Pearson's = 0.525, < 0.001). The findings demonstrate a possible functional neuroimaging basis for altered temperamental traits in patients with bipolar disorder.
PTSD Symptom Severity Associated With Sleep Disturbances in Military Personnel: Evidence From a Prospective Controlled Study With Ecological Recordings.
Saguin E, Feingold D, Sipahimalani G … +10 more , Quiquempoix M, Roseau JB, Remadi M, Annette S, Guillard M, Van Beers P, Lahutte B, Leger D, Gomez-Merino D, Chennaoui M
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40370761 · Full text
Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and trauma-related nightmares (TRNs), are the core symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military personnel. Furthermore these nocturnal manifestations are directly r...
Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and trauma-related nightmares (TRNs), are the core symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military personnel. Furthermore these nocturnal manifestations are directly related to the persistence of daytime PTSD symptoms and are known to exacerbate comorbid conditions such as depression, suicidality, and daytime impairments. This prospective study examined the variability of PTSD-related sleep disruptions and its relationship to symptom severity using ecological recordings over several nights. One hundred thirty PTSD-diagnosed service members and 65 healthy military controls recorded sleep data at home for five nights using a polysomnographic headband to measure total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency index (SEI), and sleep stages. PTSD severity and comorbid symptoms were assessed by clinical evaluations. Compared to controls, PTSD participants had higher SOL and WASO (+14.1 min and +9.1 min, < 0.001, respectively), reduced SEI (-6.6%, < 0.001), and lower N3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep durations. In addition, night-to-night variability (NNV) in SOL and WASO was higher in the PTSD group. The sleep fragmentation index (FI)-and more specifically non-REM (NREM) sleep fragmentation-was significantly correlated with PTSD severity, particularly the intrusive and avoidance symptoms clusters in the PCL-5 score. The results highlight the need for customized multinight assessments to study sleep variability in military patients with combat-related PTSD, in order to advance therapeutic strategies for military populations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04581850.
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Mental Health in the French EDEN Cohort: Cumulative, Person-Centered, and Dimensional Approaches.
Avendano S, Tafflet M, Galéra C … +3 more , Davidovic L, Heude B, van der Waerden J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40365618 · Full text
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may negatively affect prenatal mental health. However, the use of a cumulative ACEs score may obscure the identification of which specific types of adversity are most strongly associa...
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may negatively affect prenatal mental health. However, the use of a cumulative ACEs score may obscure the identification of which specific types of adversity are most strongly associated with unfavorable mental health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the association between ACEs and prenatal symptoms of depression and anxiety using a cumulative score, a person-centered approach, and the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology (DMAP). Data were collected from 1887 pregnant women in the French Etude des Déterminants du développement et de la santé de l'ENfant (EDEN) cohort. To operationalize our exposure, we calculated a cumulative ACE score, threat and deprivation scores, and conducted latent class analysis (LCA). Depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory state subscale (STAI-S) questionnaires, using cutoffs of 16 and 38 indicating high symptoms. Participants were categorized into four outcome groups: (1) no symptoms, (2) high depressive symptoms only, (3) high anxious symptoms only, and (4) comorbid high symptoms. Multinomial regressions were performed. LCA identified three ACE classes: low-risk, family discordance, and multidimensional adversity. Women reporting two or more ACEs had higher odds of depressive and comorbid symptoms, compared to those with zero ACEs. Compared to the low-risk class, women in the family discordance class had increased odds of high depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.80 [1.33, 2.56]) and comorbid high symptoms (aOR [95% CI] = 2.04 [1.43, 2.89]). Threat experiences were significantly linked to high depressive symptoms (aOR [95% CI] = 1.48 [1.22, 1.79]) and comorbid high symptoms (aOR [95% CI] = 1.53 [1.25, 1.87]). Using the DMAP and LCA approaches, we found that ACEs related to the familial environment and relationships during childhood were most strongly associated with prenatal high depressive and comorbid symptoms. This highlights the importance of operationalizing ACEs beyond a cumulative score to better capture their role in the development of prenatal mental health difficulties.
Reassessing the Link: Depression and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Insights From the ACCORD-HRQL Study.
Yi D, Xing Z
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40365617 · Full text
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with depression are often accompanied by diabetic nephropathy. However, limited prospective studies have investigated the independent association between depression and diabetic n...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with depression are often accompanied by diabetic nephropathy. However, limited prospective studies have investigated the independent association between depression and diabetic nephropathy, as well as its progression among T2DM patients. This study aims to investigate the association between depression and the development or progression of diabetic nephropathy in T2DM patients, utilizing data from the ACCORD Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) study. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was utilized to assess depressive symptoms at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 4 years. The primary outcomes included deterioration of renal function, macroalbuminuria, and microalbuminuria. The changes in renal function were evaluated using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). As the severity of depression, measured by the PHQ-9, increased, there was no corresponding rise in the risk of deterioration in renal function (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.01), macroalbuminuria (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.53-1.86), or microalbuminuria (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.03) per unit increase in PHQ-9 score. The estimated unadjusted eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m) decline over the entire study period did not significantly differ for each 1-year increase in age (none: 2.21, 95% CI 1.98-2.44; ever depression: 2.51, 95% CI 2.36-2.67; persist depression: 2.28, 95% CI 1.99-2.57; all pairwise -values > 0.05). T2DM patients with depression do not demonstrate lower renal function or an increased rate of renal function decline. Moreover, they do not exhibit a heightened risk of renal function deterioration, macroalbuminuria, or microalbuminuria compared to T2DM patients without depression.
Efficacy and Safety of Toludesvenlafaxine Hydrochloride Sustained-Release Tablets in Depression With Anhedonia: A Single-Arm, Multicenter Clinical Study.
Wang SW, Mi WF, Hao XN … +22 more , Liu XX, Wen X, Zhao M, Jiang HF, Wang WZ, Li T, Tan ZL, Chen S, Lv W, Ning YP, Zhou YL, Chen YM, Tang XD, Li B, Liu Y, Ma XC, Dong YY, Chen YC, Wang HL, Huang YL, Zhang H, Lu L
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40365616 · Full text
Toludesvenlafaxine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, as China's first independently developed chemical Class 1 innovative drug with independent intellectual property rights for the treatment of depression and a ne...
Toludesvenlafaxine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, as China's first independently developed chemical Class 1 innovative drug with independent intellectual property rights for the treatment of depression and a new molecular entity, represent a novel triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI) with specific target selectivity for serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA). This single-arm, multicenter clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of toludesvenlafaxine in alleviating anhedonia symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 123 patients aged 18-65 years were enrolled between April 2023 and April 2024 and received an 8-week treatment with toludesvenlafaxine sustained-release tablets (80-160 mg/day). The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the total score of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) at weeks 2, 4, and 8. Significant improvements in DARS scores were observed, with mean changes from baseline of 8.4 (95% CI [6.4, 10.4], < 0.0001), 14.1 (95% CI [12.0, 16.2], < 0.0001), and 20.4 (95% CI [18.0, 22.9], < 0.0001), respectively. Additionally, after 8 weeks of treatment, plasma levels of neurotrophic factors, including mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) ( = 28.78, < 0.0001), pro-BDNF ( = 27.71, < 0.0001), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ( = 31.07, < 0.0001), were significantly increased, and the plasma level of IGF-1 was not significantly changed ( = 0.35, =0.7269). No association was found between the percentage of changes in neurotrophic factors and the percentage of symptom improvements. Toludesvenlafaxine was generally well-tolerated, with treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) (TEAEs) reported in 83.7% of participants and treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) in 76.4%. These findings indicate that toludesvenlafaxine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets are safe, well-tolerated, and effective in alleviating anhedonia symptoms in patients with depression. http://www.chictr.org.cn (No.: ChiCTR2300070331).
The Task-Based fMRI Using von Zerssen Scale in Recurrent Depression Disorder: A Replication Study.
Korotkov A, Myznikov A, Komarova A … +5 more , Isaeva E, Solnyshkina I, Cherednichenko D, Didur M, Kireev M
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40342925 · Full text
Currently, translation into clinical practice of scientific knowledge on pathological reorganization of brain mechanisms in psychiatric disorders, as suggested by functional neuroimaging data, remains limited. This situa...
Currently, translation into clinical practice of scientific knowledge on pathological reorganization of brain mechanisms in psychiatric disorders, as suggested by functional neuroimaging data, remains limited. This situation calls for the exploration of new approaches, which were recently proposed for the combined use of the simultaneous application of psychodiagnostic testing and fMRI scanning. Consequently, a self-rated psychodiagnostic scale was used as an experimental task during fMRI scanning for patients with major depressive disorder. Given the promising neuroimaging results obtained in these studies, in current research, our objective was to replicate these results and conduct an fMRI study using statements from the von Zerssen depression as experimental conditions. Eighteen patients with recurrent depressive disorder and healthy volunteers participated in the study to replicate the group size of previous research. The results obtained showed that patients with recurrent depressive disorder exhibited greater activity in the right precuneus and bilateral supramarginal gyrus than healthy controls while responding to diagnostically specific (DS) statements compared to diagnostically neutral (DN) ones. These findings replicate the main results of the original study and emphasize the potential of this approach in the field of translational psychiatry. In addition, they contribute to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression through the use of this unique fMRI paradigm.
Depicting Coupling Between Cortical Morphology and Functional Networks in Major Depressive Disorder.
Wang P, Lu L, Wang J … +6 more , Xiao Y, Sun L, Zheng Y, Sun J, Wang J, Xue SW
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40321221 · Full text
An enduring mystery in neuroscience is the intricate interplay between brain anatomical structure and functional dynamics, particularly in the context of mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). A pivota...
An enduring mystery in neuroscience is the intricate interplay between brain anatomical structure and functional dynamics, particularly in the context of mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). A pivotal scientific question arises: How does the cortical morphology-function coupling (MFC) manifest in MDD, and what insights can this coupling provide into the clinical manifestations of the disorder? To tackle this question, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from a cohort of 830 MDD patients and 853 healthy control (HC). By constructing morphological and functional networks based on cortical gray matter (GM) morphology and regional rs-fMRI time series correlations, respectively, we aimed to quantify MFC by assessing the spatial correspondence between these networks. Results revealed that MDD patients exhibited a spatial hierarchical pattern of MFC similar to HC, with variations in specific networks. Specifically, lower coupling was observed in the visual network (VIS) and sensorimotor network (SMN), while higher coupling was noted in the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN). Notably, MDD patients demonstrated significantly increased MFC within the VIS, SMN, and dorsal attention network (DAN) compared to HC. Furthermore, altered MFC in the VIS correlated positively with depressive symptom severity. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential clinical significance of MFC alterations in MDD.
Trends in Prevalent Cases and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Depressive Disorders Worldwide: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study From 1990 to 2021.
Chen XD, Li F, Zuo H … +1 more , Zhu F
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40313474 · Full text
Depression is a primary public health challenge that affects individuals of all ages. This study aims to reveal information on spatial and temporal changes in depression by describing temporal trend differences, regional...
Depression is a primary public health challenge that affects individuals of all ages. This study aims to reveal information on spatial and temporal changes in depression by describing temporal trend differences, regional differences, and gender differences. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD2021) from 1990 to 2021, we outlined the prevalence and burden of depression among 204 countries in 21 regions, including age and sex disparities, and explored the correlation between depressive burden and the sociodemographic index (SDI). The age-standardized rates of prevalence (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs, age-standardized DALY rate, ASDR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were employed to evaluate the global burden of depression. Our study revealed a greater than 1.8-fold increase in prevalent cases and DALYs for global depressive disorder from 1990 to 2021. Globally, the age-standardized rates (ASRs) slightly declined, with a 1.32% decrease in the ASPR and a 1.84% decrease in the ASDR from 1990 to 2019. The main decline occurred from 2005 to 2010 (4.86% decrease in the ASPR and 6.09% decrease in the ASDR), with the majority of the contributions occurring in the low-middle-SDI and low-SDI regions. The global ASPR and ASDR experienced astonishing jumps from 2019 to 2021, resulting in increases of nearly 11% in the ASPR and 13% in the ASDR. Notably, the ASPR and ASDR of depression decreased in females but increased in males from 1990 to 2019 and reversed thereafter. From 1990 to 2021, among the 21 regions, the EAPCs in most regions were >0, with the only exceptional decline occurring in East Asia in the ASPR -0.06 [95% Cl:-0.10 to -0.03]) and ASDR -0.09 [95% Cl:-0.13 to -0.05]). Compared with those in other regions, the ASPR (0.42 [95% Cl: 0.34-0.49]) and ASDR (0.53 [95% Cl: 0.46-0.61]) were greater in high-income North America. Among the five SDI regions, the largest increases in ASPR (0.25 [95% Cl: 0.21-0.30]) and ASDR (0.31 [95% Cl: 0.26-0.37]) occurred in the high-SDI region, with the majority of the contributions occurring from 2019 to 2021. Worldwide, a decreasing trend and significant associations between the ASPR and the SDI ( = -0.22, =0.0013) and between the ASDR and the SDI ( = -0.28, < 0.001) were observed. Depression remains a serious challenge worldwide. The trends in depression burden varied across regions and groups. A vibrant socioeconomic environment could have a positive impact on the disease burden. Mental health should be incorporated into public health preparedness and emergency plans in practical ways on the basis of the national conditions of each country.
Assessing Peer Exposure at a Group Level: The Role of Mild-to-Moderate Symptoms in the Transmission of Mental Health Problems.
Liu D, Wei X, Jia L … +2 more , Huang S, Zhang B
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40297824 · Full text
Preliminary evidence suggests that mental health problems can transmit within adolescent peer social groups. However, prior studies have primarily quantified exposure by counting peers with mental health problems, which...
Preliminary evidence suggests that mental health problems can transmit within adolescent peer social groups. However, prior studies have primarily quantified exposure by counting peers with mental health problems, which cannot precisely reflect the group level density of already affected peers. Moreover, existing evidence predominantly focused on transmission associated with exposure to severe cases, neglecting the more widely prevalent mild-to-moderate cases. Therefore, we explored whether and in what condition exposure to mild-to-moderate cases should be considered along with severe cases in the transmission of mental health problems. We analyzed data from a mental health monitoring project involving 20 middle schools in Guangdong, China, encompassing all students in 449 classes. The risks of adolescents reporting worse depressive and anxiety symptoms associated with exposure to classmates with severe symptoms or mild-to-severe symptoms were explored through three-level mixed-effect multiple Poisson regression models, adjusted for random effects at classroom and school levels. Among the 19,058 participants (48.3% girls), 5651 (29.6%) reported depression problems and 6464 (33.9%) reported anxiety problems. Higher risks of adolescents reporting worse depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with exposure to classmates with any severity of symptoms when considering the percentage of these classmates in the classroom (IRR ranged between 1.01 and 1.02). Conversely, having greater number of classmates with severe symptoms was significantly associated with higher risk of reporting worse symptoms (IRR ranged between 1.03 and 1.09) regardless of proportion of these classmates. Our findings indicated that in group level mental health transmission, the level of exposure should be interpreted with consideration of group density rather than mere number of already affected peers. Moreover, mental health problems can transmit beyond exposure to peers with severe symptoms, thereby facilitating more effective risk screening and prevention of mental health problem transmission in adolescents. This approach is imperative, given the substantial prevalence of mild-to-moderate mental health symptoms among adolescents.
The Shared and Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Fear of Evaluation in Social Anxiety: The Roles of Negative and Positive Evaluation.
Gao W, Li Y, Yuan J … +1 more , He Q
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40297823 · Full text
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. Howev...
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. However, it remains unclear how FNE and FPE contribute to the common and different symptoms of social anxiety. In this review, we tried to elucidate the shared and distinct mechanisms underlying fear of evaluation and clarify the impact of FNE and FPE on social anxiety by integrating the theories, external expressions, and internal mechanisms. First, FNE and FPE share evolutionary functions but have distinct motivations for maintaining social role stability. Second, FNE and FPE share similar emotions and avoidance behaviors but contribute to distinct comorbid symptoms in SAD, including eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Third, FNE and FPE share emotional and social pain circuits but have different dysfunctions in the prefrontal, cingulate, and reward brain regions, which are associated with rejection sensitivity and anhedonia features. Overall, this review sheds light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of SAD based on fear of evaluation, highlighting both the shared and distinctive aspects of FNE and FPE. These insights have important implications for the development of effective interventions for social anxiety.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Young and Middle-Aged Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder.
Liu J, Yang L, Kang C … +3 more , Wang X, Zhao N, Zhang X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40270696 · Full text
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a mild impairment of thyroid function. The prevalence of SCH is significantly higher in the major depressive disorder (MDD) population than in the general population, but the risk fact...
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a mild impairment of thyroid function. The prevalence of SCH is significantly higher in the major depressive disorder (MDD) population than in the general population, but the risk factors and relationships are not apparent. The occurrence of SCH is influenced by age and medication. Therefore, our study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCH in young and middle-aged groupstotal of patients with first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD. A total of 1717 FEDN MDD patients were divided into a younger group (18-45 years) and a middle-aged group (>45 years). The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used to assess patients' depression symptoms. Serum thyroid function and lipid level parameters were measured. A self-administered questionnaire collected other clinical and demographic data. The prevalence of SCH in middle-aged MDD patients was 66.9%. Middle-aged patients had a longer duration of illness, a later age of onset, a higher proportion of female patients, and a lower level of education. Further logistic regression indicated that serum total cholestrol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, as well as overweight and obesity, were significantly associated with SCH in both groups; however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was an independent risk factor associated with SCH in the middle-aged group. Our results suggest that the prevalence of SCH is higher in middle-aged MDD patients than in younger patients and that long-term more severe depression, high TC and HDL-C levels, and abnormal body weight may influence the occurrence of SCH. Physicians should pay more attention to LDL-C levels in middle-aged patients with FEDN MDD.
Tracking the Prevalence of Depression Among Older Adults in Singapore: Results From the Second Wave of the Well-Being of Singapore Elderly Study.
P V A, Abdin E, Roystonn K … +18 more , Devi F, Wang P, Shafie S, Sagayadevan V, Jeyagurunathan A, Chua BY, Tan B, Vaingankar JA, Yao F, Magadi H, Ma S, Chow WL, McRone P, Prince M, Mahendran R, Ng LL, Chong SA, Subramaniam M
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40270695 · Full text
Late-life depression has serious public health implications due to its impact on healthcare systems and the economy. As the prevalence of depression tends to change over time across populations, continuous disease survei...
Late-life depression has serious public health implications due to its impact on healthcare systems and the economy. As the prevalence of depression tends to change over time across populations, continuous disease surveillance is warranted to inform evidence-based preventive interventions. The well-being of the Singapore elderly (WiSE) is the second study in the series that looked at the prevalence and correlates of depression in a multiethnic population in Singapore. This single-phase and comprehensive cross-sectional study employed stage 1 diagnosis of geriatric mental state-automated geriatric examination for computer-assisted taxonomy (GMS-AGECAT) to capture depression and subsyndromal depression. The prevalence of depression and subsyndromal depression was 4.4% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 3.7% and 13.4% in 2013 (=0.425). Indians, those who were divorced and had below primary education had higher odds of depression (2.2, 3.6, and 4.2 times, respectively). Depression was associated with severe disability, loneliness, suicidal ideations, poor life satisfaction, health status, and social connections. Despite a decade of preventive efforts for the population, there has not been any decrease in the prevalence of depression. There needs to be continued efforts to strengthen prevention, detection, and access to care of those with depression. A multiprong community-based preventive strategy focusing on social as well as health factors is needed to promote social connections, reduce loneliness, and promote the overall wellbeing of the elderly.
Association of 24-h Energy Intake Behavior With Depressive Symptoms: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Yin J, Gu M, Zhou Y … +6 more , Wang Y, Zhang M, Yang Y, Cai Y, He S, Peng D
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40264859 · Full text
Appetite changes are a significant clinical feature of depression, with circadian rhythms disruption being a crucial mechanism in depression. However, the specific role of eating rhythms in depression remains unclear. Th...
Appetite changes are a significant clinical feature of depression, with circadian rhythms disruption being a crucial mechanism in depression. However, the specific role of eating rhythms in depression remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between energy intake rhythmicity and depressive symptoms. A total of 34,974 noninstitutionalized individuals were recruited from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To investigate the relationship between 24-h energy intake and depressive symptoms, covariate-adjusted sample-weighted regressions were employed. The study analyzed various aspects of energy intake rhythmicity, including the proportion of energy intake from non-meals and meal times, as well as the proportion of energy intake across meals and various time periods (morning, midday, afternoon, evening, night, and overnight). A high proportion of energy intake from non-meals (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.15) was associated with higher depressive symptoms. The proportion of breakfast energy intake in total daily energy intake was nonlinearly associated with depressive symptoms. In participants with a breakfast energy intake below 20%, the prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased by 15% (adjusted OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96) per each 10% increment in the proportion of breakfast energy intake. A U-shaped relationship was identified between the timing of the day's last energy intake and depressive symptoms, with the lowest prevalence occurring at 7:48 PM (before 7:48 PM: adjusted [OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98]; after 7:48 PM: adjusted [OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.20]). Among adults in the United States, the proportion of energy consumed from non-meals was associated with higher depressive symptoms. Adequate energy intake at breakfast and moderate end-times of energy intake were linked to reduced depressive symptoms. These results may contribute to designing of future studies on dietary rhythm interventions for managing depression.
Trend of Antenatal Depression and Its Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women in China From 2016 to 2021: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study Under Multiple Fertility Policy Adjustments and Economic Development.
Zhou C, Tan F, Li X … +5 more , Chen J, Huang Q, Lin X, Zhao F, Yuan Q
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40264858 · Full text
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the trend and risk factors of antenatal depression (AD) among Chinese women in the third trimester of pregnancy, taking into account the impact of multiple fertility pol...
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the trend and risk factors of antenatal depression (AD) among Chinese women in the third trimester of pregnancy, taking into account the impact of multiple fertility policy adjustments and economic development in China. A repeated cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 3404 pregnant women at 30-42 weeks' gestation were recruited from the two largest maternity hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China, between 2016 and 2021. The prevalence of AD among women in their third trimester of pregnancy had significantly increased from 31.8% to 60.6% ( < 0.001) from 2016 to 2021. Pregnant women aged between 18 and 24 years reported the highest prevalence of AD. Those aged between 25 and 34 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.788; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.630-0.985), with a better self-reported health status (OR, 0.929; 95% CI: 0.922-0.936) and higher perceived social support (OR, 0.948; 95% CI: 0.940-0.955), reported a lower prevalence of AD. Pregnant women who were housewives (OR, 1.399; 95% CI: 1.078-1.817), had an introverted personality (OR, 1.324; 95% CI: 1.119-1.568), and had experienced an unplanned pregnancy (OR, 1.303; 95% CI: 1.098-1.547) reported a higher prevalence of AD. The significant increase in the prevalence of AD from 2016 to 2021 has caused concern in society. To improve the aforementioned situation, it is imperative to implement further initiatives to address the challenges faced by pregnant women, especially those who are housewives, have introverted personalities, and have experienced unplanned pregnancies.
Associations of Birth Interval With Prevalence of Depression in Postmenopausal Women.
Zuo R, Chen Y, Zhu Q … +4 more , Liu Y, Yao S, Bao Q, Li D
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40264857 · Full text
This study aims to explore the relationship between birth interval and prevalence of depression among postmenopausal women with two deliveries in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examinatio...
This study aims to explore the relationship between birth interval and prevalence of depression among postmenopausal women with two deliveries in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used, which spanned the years 2005-2018 and is publicly accessible. We utilized weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analysis to examine the relationship between the prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women with only two deliveries and the age at first birth (AFB), age at last birth (ALB), and birth interval (the difference between ALB and AFB). A total of 2375 postmenopausal women with only two deliveries were included in the study, and 271 (11.4%) had depression. RCS models showed that AFB and ALB were U-shaped curves associated with the prevalence of depression. Additionally, the birth interval was roughly L-shaped curve correlated with the risk of depression. Both early and late childbearing, as well as short birth intervals, may contribute to mental health challenges in this demographic. These findings suggest that women with both early and late childbearing, as well as those with short birth intervals, may face a higher risk of depression during their postmenopausal years. This underscores the importance of targeted mental health screening and support for these groups.
A Naturalistic Prospective Study of the Prognostic Impact of EPHX2 in Major Depressive Disorder: Impulsivity may be an Important Factor.
Zheng S, Guo J, Zheng R … +3 more , Ji Y, Zhong Q, Yin H
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40259894 · Full text
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of MDD remains unclear, which limits the development of treatments for MDD. Recently, epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) has been f...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of MDD remains unclear, which limits the development of treatments for MDD. Recently, epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) has been found to be associated with MDD. Our previous study revealed an association between EPHX2 expression and suicide. However, the effect of EPHX2 on the prognosis of MDD and suicide remains unclear. Previous studies have found that impulsivity at baseline can be a significant predictor of clinical improvement in patients with MDD. Therefore, we inferred that EPHX2 could be associated with the treatment effect of MDD, and impulsivity could mediate the effect of EPHX2 on the treatment effect of MDD. This naturalistic prospective study included 117 participants with MDD, who were assessed, using clinical questionnaires, cognitive function, and treatment information, at baseline, 2 weeks, and 1, 2, and 3 months. A linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate longitudinal changes in the severity of symptoms, risk of suicide, and cognitive function. The interactive effects of impulsivity and EPHX2 polymorphisms on the risk of suicide (measured by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale) were significantly different for rs11288636, rs68012435, and rs11288636. The interactive effects between polymorphisms and time on depression severity (measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale-24) were significantly different and including after adjustment for the total impulsivity score. This study suggests that EPHX2 polymorphisms are associated with the prognosis of MDD, and impulsivity could be a critical factor for the change in suicide risk among different EPHX2 genotypes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05575713.
Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety After COVID-19 Despite Systematic Telemedical Care: Results From the Prospective COVID-SMART Study.
von Falkenhausen AS, Gail A, Geipel S … +7 more , Scherer C, Stockhausen S, Sams LE, Becker F, Massberg S, Kääb S, Sinner MF
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40259893 · Full text
Long-COVID has attracted increased attention with rising numbers of affected patients and high individual symptom burden. Prior studies have described its prevalence, course of disease, and severity. Yet, the influence o...
Long-COVID has attracted increased attention with rising numbers of affected patients and high individual symptom burden. Prior studies have described its prevalence, course of disease, and severity. Yet, the influence of intensive care, including telemedical support for patients at risk for a severe course of the initial COVID-19 disease, on the occurrence of Long-COVID and its associated symptoms is studied to a lesser extent. Here, we report the long-term results of the COVID-SMART study, which randomized at-risk COVID-19 patients to either smartwatch-based monitoring with telemedical support or standard care. We investigate Long-COVID symptoms, including symptoms of depression and anxiety after 12 months. Between October 2020 and May 2022, we enrolled 607 patients in the COVID-SMART study. Complete 12-month follow-up was available for 573 patients, with 288 patients randomized to the intervention group and 285 to the control group. Overall, 234 participants (40.8%) reported COVID-related symptoms, with a high prevalence of symptoms of depression (209 participants, 36.5%) and anxiety (232 participants, 40.5%). However, telemedical support did not reduce these symptoms at follow-up. Multivariable regression analysis identified sex, active smoking, and pre-existing asthma as significant predictors of both outcomes. COVID-SMART is the first prospective, randomized clinical trial to systematically assess the impact of telemedical care on the development of Long-COVID associated risk of depression and anxiety. We identify in part modifiable risk factors for these outcomes. However, telemedical support does not appear to be beneficial in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and should hence be focused to the acute infection phase. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04471636.
Enhanced Performance Monitoring as a Transdiagnostic Risk Marker of the Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum: The Role of Disorder Category, Clinical Status, Family Risk, and Anxiety Dimensions.
Härpfer K, Carsten HP, Kausche FM … +1 more , Riesel A
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40259892 · Full text
In this preregistered study, we investigated the relationship between neural correlates of performance monitoring and disorders of the anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Specifically, we aimed at understanding th...
In this preregistered study, we investigated the relationship between neural correlates of performance monitoring and disorders of the anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Specifically, we aimed at understanding the role of disorder category, clinical status, family risk, and the transdiagnostic symptom dimensions of anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. To this end, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) of performance monitoring (i.e., error-related negativity, ERN, and correct-response negativity, CRN) in a large sample of 156 participants, including groups of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia, as well as a naturalistic control group. Contrary to our initial expectations, we did not observe significant differences in ERPs among the clinical groups, nor in comparison to the naturalistic control group. However, after creating a more strictly defined healthy control group, we found larger ERN amplitudes in the specific phobia compared with the healthy control group. In addition, when comparing participants with and without a lifetime clinical diagnosis of any internalizing disorder, regardless of their main diagnosis, as well as when comparing those with or without a family risk for internalizing psychopathology, we observed larger amplitudes for both ERN and CRN. Subsequently, we combined data from this study and a previously published subclinical study to examine the role of transdiagnostic symptom dimensions (i.e., anxious apprehension and anxious arousal) across a wider severity spectrum. In this joint sample of 246 participants, gender emerged as a moderator of the link between anxious apprehension and enhanced performance monitoring. Specifically, women with increasing anxious apprehension exhibited elevated ERN and CRN amplitudes. In conclusion, our study challenges the notion of a disorder-specific link to performance monitoring. Instead, our findings suggest that enhanced performance monitoring is associated with a higher propensity for anxious apprehension and acts as a broad risk marker for internalizing psychopathology, reflecting vulnerability beyond diagnostic borders within the anxiety- and obsessive-compulsive spectrum.
The Association of Elevated Depression Levels and Life's Essential 8 on Cardiovascular Health With Predicted Machine Learning Models and Interpretations: Evidence From NHANES 2007-2018.
Wu Z, Xu P, Zhai Y … +7 more , Mahe J, Guo K, Olawole W, Zhu J, Han J, Bai G, Zhang L
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40255861 · Full text
The association between depression severity and cardiovascular health (CVH) represented by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) was analyzed, with a novel focus on ranked levels and different ages. Machine learning (ML) algorithms w...
The association between depression severity and cardiovascular health (CVH) represented by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) was analyzed, with a novel focus on ranked levels and different ages. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were also selected aimed at providing predictions to suggest practical recommendations for public awareness and clinical treatment. We included 21,279 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Weighted ordinal logistic regression (LR) was utilized with further sensitivity and dose-response analysis, and ML algorithms were analyzed with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) applied to make interpretable results and visualization. Our studies demonstrated an inverse relationship between LE8 and elevated depressive levels, with robustness confirmed through subgroup and interaction analysis. Age-specific findings revealed middle-aged and older adults (aged 40-60 and over 60) which showed higher depresion severity, highlighting the need for greater awareness and targeted interventions. Eight ML algorithms were selected to provide predictive results, and further SHAP would become ideal supplement to increase model interpretability. Our studies demonstrated a negative association between LE8 and elevated depressive levels and provided a suite of ML predictive models, which would generate recommendations toward clinical implications and subjective interventions.
Brain Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Features are Associated With Improved Auditory Hallucinations in Patients With Schizophrenia After Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback.
Zhang J, Tusuzian E, Morfini F … +6 more , Bauer CCC, Stone L, Awad A, Shinn AK, Niznikiewicz MA, Whitfield-Gabrieli S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40236821 · Full text
Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are debilitating and often treatment-resistant symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback (NFB) is emerging as a flexible brain circ...
Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are debilitating and often treatment-resistant symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback (NFB) is emerging as a flexible brain circuit-based tool for targeting AH via self-modulation of brain activity. A better understanding of what baseline characteristics predict NFB success will enhance its clinical utility. Previous work suggests that AH symptomology implicates measures across multiple modalities, including T1 structural MRI (sMRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI), and resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI). Specifically, AH severity and treatment response are associated with thinner superior temporal gyrus (STG), thinner dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), reduced white matter integrity in tracts connecting brain regions implicated in SZ symptomatology, increased within-default mode network (DMN) connectivity, and reduced DMN-DLPFC anticorrelation. In this study, we tested the individual and combined contributions of multimodal brain features for the prediction of AH change after NFB in adults ( = 25, 36.1 ± 10.0 years, 24% females) with SZ spectrum disorders (SZ or schizoaffective disorder) and frequent medication-resistant AH. Participants underwent a baseline MRI scan (including sMRI, dMRI, and rsfMRI) and were randomly assigned to receive NFB from their STG ( = 12, real condition) or NFB from their motor cortex (MC) ( = 13, sham condition). NFB success was operationalized as the improvement in AH severity after NFB. We found that higher baseline AH severity, greater STG thickness, decreased dorsal cingulum integrity, increased within-DMN resting-state functional connectivity, and increased DMN-DLPFC anticorrelation were each individually correlated with reduction in AH severity. However, in a combined regression model, DMN-DLPFC connectivity emerged as the only independent variable that explained the unique variance in AH change. These results suggest that a specific rsfMRI measure, namely DMN-DLPFC connectivity, may be a promising predictor of NFB success in reducing AH and support the precision medicine approach. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03504579.
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