Depress Anxiety [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Collaborative Care Versus Consultation Liaison for Patients With Depression or Anxiety Disorders in General Practice in Denmark: 18-Month Follow-Up From the Collabri Flex Trials.
Curth NK, Bjørkedal STB, Hjorthøj C … +6 more , Brinck-Claussen U, Jørgensen KB, Rosendal S, Bojesen AB, Nordentoft M, Eplov LF
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40510804 · Full text
To our knowledge, no research has reported long-term follow-up results from studies comparing collaborative care to consultation liaison in general practice. We have earlier reported 6-month follow-up. In this article, w...
To our knowledge, no research has reported long-term follow-up results from studies comparing collaborative care to consultation liaison in general practice. We have earlier reported 6-month follow-up. In this article, we report the 18-month follow-up results from the two Danish Collabri Flex studies. We compared collaborative care to consultation liaison in two randomized controlled trials for persons with anxiety disorders and depression, respectively. Both interventions sought to improve the quality of depression and anxiety care, but they differed in the extent mental health specialists were involved. As part of the consultation liaison intervention, psychiatrists and care managers could provide advice and suggestions to the general practitioner (GP). In the collaborative care intervention, psychiatrists and care managers could provide advice and suggestions, and care managers could help the GP manage patient care. 18 months after randomization, we collected follow-up data. Outcomes included anxiety symptoms (BAI), depression symptoms (BDI-II), well-being (WHO-5), functional disability (Sheehan Disability Scale), general psychological symptoms (SCL-90-R), and others. In the depression trial, we found a statistically significant difference in depression symptoms between intervention groups at 18-month follow-up, in favor of collaborative care (4.4, 95%CI 2.8-7.0, ≤ 0.001). Many other outcomes showed significant differences between groups, such as anxiety symptoms, functional level, well-being, general psychological symptoms, and self-efficacy. In the anxiety trial, we found no statistically significant difference between groups in anxiety symptoms (1.2, 95%CI -0.3-2.7, ≤ 0.126). In this trial, significant differences between groups were found in outcomes measuring depression symptoms and general psychological symptoms but not in outcomes measuring functional level, well-being or self-efficacy. In both trials, no differences were found between groups on employment/education or sick leave measures. However, the collaborative care group in both trials had fewer contacts with private practicing psychologists during the 18 months follow-up. At 18-month follow-up, we found a statistically significant difference between allocation groups, when measuring depression symptoms in the depression trial but not when measuring anxiety symptoms in the anxiety trial. Further, the collaborative care intervention may have the potential to reduce referrals to private practicing psychologists, a service that is in high demand in Denmark. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03113175 and NCT03113201.
Cross-Correlation Analysis of Monthly Google Search Volume and Suicide in Taiwan, 2012-2022.
Yen CF, Lin YH, Hsiao RC … +2 more , Chen YY, Chen YL
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40510803 · Full text
The present study investigated the 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month prospective associations of Google search terms with suicide in Taiwan from 2012 to 2022. We analyzed daily suicide data from Taiwan's Cause of Death Stat...
The present study investigated the 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month prospective associations of Google search terms with suicide in Taiwan from 2012 to 2022. We analyzed daily suicide data from Taiwan's Cause of Death Statistics between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. Data on Google search volumes for 37 terms related to suicide-related, socioeconomic status, familial problems, and physical and psychiatric problems were extracted from Google Trends. Cross-correlation coefficients between monthly Google search term volumes and monthly suicide were calculated at lags of 3 months (lag-3), 2 months (lag-2), and 1 month (lag-1). The monthly Google search volumes of two terms, "pain" and "Taiwan economy", positively predicted monthly suicide in the total population. The search term "hypnotic" lag-3 negatively correlated with monthly suicide in the population aged ≥65. The search term "allergy" lag-1 positively correlated with monthly suicide in the population aged ≥65. The monthly Google search terms of "pain" and "Taiwan economy" positively correlated with monthly suicide. The search terms "hypnotic" and "allergy" negatively and positively correlated with monthly suicide in the population aged ≥65, respectively. These terms may enable more accurate forecasting of future suicides.
The Impact of Negative Emotions on the Treatment Outcome of Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients: A Longitudinal Study.
Jiang C, Chong Y, Jiang C … +2 more , Liang W, Zhu C
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40497256 · Full text
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common yet severe facial pain condition. Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) is a widely promoted surgical treatment method for TN due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, patie...
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common yet severe facial pain condition. Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) is a widely promoted surgical treatment method for TN due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, patients who undergo PBC present with varying degrees of depression. This study aims to investigate the depressive factors affecting TN patients following PBC. The Penn-FPS Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), BNI Facial Numbness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Life Satisfaction Index-B (LSI-B) scale were used to evaluate depressive symptoms in TN patients before and after PBC, as well as at various time points during a 1-year follow-up. Factors impacting postoperative quality of life (QoL) were identified and evaluated. Depressive symptoms improved significantly following PBC treatment; however, the presence of these symptoms could lead to delays in TN recovery. Patients with higher preoperative pain score and longer TN course showed better tolerance of numbness following PB surgery. Meanwhile, the degree of numbness was positively related to the duration of balloon compression, while previous treatments for TN were associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety. PBC is an effective surgery for TN patients. Depressive disorders impact prognosis and should be carefully managed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to improve the QoL following PBC.
Personality Traits, Stress, Anxiety, Depression Levels, Fear of Childbirth, and Affecting Factors in Turkish University Students.
Erbil N, Boyraz Yanık HG, Yıldız G
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40497255 · Full text
This study was conducted to investigate the personality traits, stress, anxiety, depression levels, fear of childbirth, and affecting factors in Turkish female university students. The study was planned as a descriptive...
This study was conducted to investigate the personality traits, stress, anxiety, depression levels, fear of childbirth, and affecting factors in Turkish female university students. The study was planned as a descriptive and correlational type. The sample consisted of 500 female students who met the research criteria at the Faculty of Health Sciences and Faculty of Education of a university. The data were collected face-to-face using a personal information form, including socio-demographic and pregnancy-birth-related thoughts, the Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy (CFPP) scale, the Type D Personality Scale (negative affectivity and social inhibition subscales), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Ethics committee approval and institutional permissions were obtained from the students to conduct the study. In the analysis of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive methods Mann-Whitney , and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used. 52.8% of the students were from the Faculty of Health Sciences, 48.4% were nursing students, and 30.6% were in their first class of students. The mean CFPP score was 40.14 ± 11.35. The mean score was 12.01 ± 6.79 for negative affectivity, 9.58 ± 6.09 for social inhibition, 6.75 ± 4.05 for stress, 5.28 ± 4.09 for anxiety, and 5.58 ± 4.50 for depression. There was a low level of positive correlation between CFPP and social inhibition subscales ( = 0.113), negative affectivity ( = 0.282), stress ( = 0.241), anxiety ( = 0.231), and depression ( = 0.221 ( = 0.01). The predictor of students' fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy was negative affectivity. Turkish university students' fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy was associated with personality traits, depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended to identify the depression, anxiety, stress levels, personality traits, and fear of childbirth of female university students in the prepregnancy period, plan information and education, and conduct further research on the fear of childbirth.
Association of Prenatal Depression With Second to Fourth Digit Ratio in Children Aged 4 and 6 Years.
Zhang O, Chen Y, Chen Y … +6 more , Wang Z, Sun Q, Liang H, Yuan W, Sheng W, Miao M
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40458293 · Full text
Animal studies have indicated that prenatal depression may affect the reproductive development of offspring. The digit ratio has been proposed as a marker of in utero reproductive development. The aim of this study was t...
Animal studies have indicated that prenatal depression may affect the reproductive development of offspring. The digit ratio has been proposed as a marker of in utero reproductive development. The aim of this study was to explore the association between prenatal depression and the digit ratio (2nd:4th digit ratio (2D:4D)) in children. This study involved 668 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Shanghai-Minhang birth cohort study (S-MBCS). Prenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant women were evaluated during recruitment and late pregnancy using the validated Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Measurements of digit lengths of both hands were conducted during follow-up visits at 4 and 6 years. We observed that mothers with prenatal depressive symptoms tended to have offspring with higher digit ratios at 4 and 6 years of age. For children whose mothers experienced depressive symptoms in the second trimester, the digit ratio of the left hand (2D:4DL) at 4 years of age increased by 0.007 (95% CI: 0.000, 0.015) in the subthreshold group and 0.010 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.019) in the screen-positive group. For those with depressive symptoms in the third trimester, the 2D:4DL in the screen-positive group increased by 0.012 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.023) at 4 years of age and 0.014 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.024) at 6 years of age. A dose-response relationship was established for both the strength and duration of depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that prenatal depressive symptoms may perturb the reproductive development of offspring and predominantly exhibit a feminizing effect.
Digital CBT-I in Comorbid Insomnia and Depression: Clinical Outcomes From a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.
Schuffelen J, Maurer LF, Gieselmann A
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40458292 · Full text
Depression affects 8.1% of the German population annually, yet many patients remain resistant to conventional treatments. Given that 85% of individuals with depression also experience chronic insomnia, sleep may represen...
Depression affects 8.1% of the German population annually, yet many patients remain resistant to conventional treatments. Given that 85% of individuals with depression also experience chronic insomnia, sleep may represent both a contributing and modifiable treatment factor. This study examines whether adding a fully automated digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) to care-as-usual (CAU) improves depressive symptoms. Participants with comorbid depression and insomnia were randomized to either the intervention group (dCBT-I) or the waiting group (WLC). The intervention was delivered via a mobile app or web platform, consisting of 10 sequential core modules based on evidence-based CBT-I techniques. Assessments took place at baseline, 12- and 24-weeks post randomization. The primary outcome was the severity of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes included insomnia severity, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, well-being and mechanistic effect measures. Linear mixed models were calculated to determine between-group effects. A total of 140 participants (120 women, mean age: = 39.76 ± 11.65 years) were randomized to dCBT-I (=70) or WLC (=70). Large treatment effects at 12- and 24 weeks showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms (-3.34 and -2.83; s <0.001; s = 0.66-0.78) in the dCBT-I group. Treatment effects in favor of dCBT-I were also found for insomnia severity (s = 1.46-1.94) and most secondary outcomes (s = 0.33-1.14). This study demonstrates that digital dCBT-I can be effective not only for individuals with primary insomnia but also for those with depression. These findings align with previous research, highlighting the crucial role of sleep disturbances in depression management. Moreover, the effects remained stable even in the heterogeneous sample investigated in this study, reinforcing the robustness of dCBT-I across diverse patient groups. Thus, dCBT-I emerges as a promising adjunctive treatment. Considering these findings, it is essential to explore the integration of sleep-focused interventions into standard depression treatment. German Clinical Trial Registry identifier: DRKS00030919.
Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety in People With Rare Diseases During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Inhestern L, Schwab de la O A, Zybarth D … +4 more , Brandt M, Otto R, Härter M, Bergelt C
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40444181 · Full text
People living with a rare disease are a vulnerable patient group and experience challenges in participation and healthcare. Due to changes in healthcare and threat of the infection during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-...
People living with a rare disease are a vulnerable patient group and experience challenges in participation and healthcare. Due to changes in healthcare and threat of the infection during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people living with rare diseases have been particularly affected. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors associated with symptom levels. One-hundred and seventy-two people living with a rare disease were recruited from centers for rare diseases and patient organizations in Germany from January 2021 to January 2022. In addition to descriptive analyses and group comparisons, we applied multiple linear regression models to identify factors associated with outcome variables of interest (depressive and anxiety symptoms, assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]). For the depressive symptoms, 14% of the participants reached the cutoff for moderate and 14.5% for a high level of depressive symptoms. Concerning anxiety symptoms, 22% reported moderate levels of anxiety and 13.4% reported high levels of anxiety. Higher depressive symptoms were significantly associated with older age, lower socioeconomic status, having severe or varying symptoms compared to low symptom severity, lower treatment satisfaction, lower social support, and more unmet needs. Higher anxiety levels were associated with more unmet needs and more intense COVID-19-related concerns. The findings indicate red flags of high symptoms that should be considered during routine care of patients with rare diseases. Healthcare providers should be sensitized for the need for psychosocial support and use a quick assessment to assign patients in need to specific support programs. German Clinical Trials Registry: DRKS00020488.
Method Matters: Enhancing Voice-Based Depression Detection With a New Data Collection Framework.
Vilenchik D, Cwikel J, Ezra Y … +6 more , Hausdorff T, Lazarov M, Sergienko R, Abramovitz R, Schmidt I, Perez AS
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40444180 · Full text
Depression accounts for a major share of global disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Diagnosis typically requires a psychiatrist or lengthy self-assessments, which can be challenging for symptomatic individuals. Devel...
Depression accounts for a major share of global disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Diagnosis typically requires a psychiatrist or lengthy self-assessments, which can be challenging for symptomatic individuals. Developing reliable, noninvasive, and accessible detection methods is a healthcare priority. Voice analysis offers a promising approach for early depression detection, potentially improving treatment access and reducing costs. This paper presents a novel pipeline for depression detection that addresses several critical challenges in the field, including data imbalance, label quality, and model generalizability. Our study utilizes a high-quality, high-depression-prevalence dataset collected from a specialized chronic pain clinic, enabling robust depression detection even with a limited sample size. We obtained a lift in the accuracy of up to 15% over the 50-50 baseline in our 52-patient dataset using a 3-fold cross-validation test (which means the train set is = 34, std 2.8%, -value 0.01). We further show that combining voice-only acoustic features with a single self-report question (subject unit of distress [SUDs]) significantly improves predictive accuracy. While relying on SUDs is not always good practice, our data collection setting lacked incentives to misrepresent depression status; SUDs were highly reliable, giving 86% accuracy; adding acoustic features raises it to 92%, exceeding the stand-alone potential of SUDs with a -value 0.1. Further data collection will enhance accuracy, supporting a rapid, noninvasive depression detection method that overcomes clinical barriers. These findings offer a promising tool for early depression detection across clinical settings.
The Deteriorated Center-Surround Suppression in Patients With First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder.
Zhuang Y, Song W, Kuang S … +8 more , Li W, Pan S, Wang Z, Qu W, Chen J, Tan Y, Wang C, Deng H
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40433628 · Full text
Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are often associated with inhibition deficits in the visual cortex. Most previous research has focused on visual inhibition in MDD patients during acute and remission phases, with...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are often associated with inhibition deficits in the visual cortex. Most previous research has focused on visual inhibition in MDD patients during acute and remission phases, with little research on first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. To fill this gap, we psychophysically investigated the inhibitory process of visual motion in patients with FEDN MDD. Two psychophysical tasks: Center-Surround Suppression (CSS) and Motion Repulsion (MR) were utilized to investigate the presence of visual perceptual inhibition deficits in patients with FEDN MDD. We collected data from 74 patients with FEDN MDD and 68 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, years of education, and gender. We also measured the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17-item (HAMD-17) for each patient to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. The results showed that CSS was significantly deteriorated in FEDN MDD patients (=0.001), but it did not correlate with the HAMD score ( > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were observed between the two groups of subjects in terms of gender, age, and education level (all > 0.05). Analysis of two previously published datasets using the same CSS task involving MDD patients in different illness stages revealed that the levels of CSS reduction in our FEDN patients were also significantly distinguishable from those in acute and recovered MDD patients (all < 0.01). This quantitative comparison indicates that CSS impairments are dynamic over the course of illness development. Moreover, the magnitudes of MR showed no significant differences between MDD patients and HCs (all > 0.05). Our study was the first to demonstrate the deteriorated CSS in patients with FEDN MDD. Notably, inhibitory deficits in MDD are also highly specific, as MDD affects only the CSS, but not the MR. Therefore, the discrepancy between these two psychophysical tasks suggests CSS may serve as a feasible early marker in MDD. These findings offer new insights into the specific visual cortical deficits in patients with FEDN MDD. The current study lacks imaging data to support the perceptual phenomenon we observed.
From the -Factor to Cognitive Content: Detection and Discrimination of Psychopathologies Based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence.
Eyrikaya E, Dağ İ
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40421470 · Full text
Differentiating psychopathologies is challenging due to shared underlying mechanisms, such as the -factor. Nevertheless, recent methodological advances suggest that distinct linguistic markers can help detect and differe...
Differentiating psychopathologies is challenging due to shared underlying mechanisms, such as the -factor. Nevertheless, recent methodological advances suggest that distinct linguistic markers can help detect and differentiate these conditions. This study aimed to use cognitive content analysis with advanced natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) to (Study 1) distinguish among control, depression, anxiety, and depressive-anxiety groups and (Study 2) detect general psychopathology. Data from 1901 participants (retained from 2551 respondents aged 18-43 years who completed the Beier sentence completion test [BSCT]) were analyzed. For Study 1, groups were formed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); negative mood was assessed via the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). For Study 2, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) categorized general psychopathology and self-reported diagnostic status served as external validation. Two analytic approaches were employed: (1) textual analysis with a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model and (2) subscale-score analysis using a support vector machine (SVM). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpreted the ML models. In Study 1, the models distinguished control, depression, anxiety, and depressive-anxiety groups. Anxiety was marked by positive content, hope, and I-Talk, whereas depression involved negative, hopeless content. Depressive-anxiety combined features of anxiety with a pronounced negative outlook, suggesting a transitional phase where diminishing hope may bridge anxiety to depression. In Study 2, the models performed high in distinguishing the self-reported pathology diagnosis group (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.81 [BERT], 0.85 [SVM]) from subclinical samples but failed to differentiate the self-reported past diagnosis (AUC: 0.53 [BERT], 0.57 [SVM]) group from controls. This implies that cognitive changes in psychopathology may share a consistent underlying structure like -factor. These pioneer findings demonstrate that integrating advanced computational techniques can identify key linguistic markers and guide the development of language-based diagnostic tools, potentially transforming mental health diagnostics.
Perinatal Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Maternal Parenting Behavior During the First Three Years Postpartum: A Systematic Review.
Morais A, Pasion R, Pinto TM … +5 more , Ciuffo G, Ionio C, Costa R, Jongenelen I, Lamela D
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40421469 · Full text
Perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent and may influence parenting behaviors, yet their effects across distinct parenting dimensions remain unclear. Despite frequent co-occurrence, their combined impact...
Perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent and may influence parenting behaviors, yet their effects across distinct parenting dimensions remain unclear. Despite frequent co-occurrence, their combined impact is underexplored. Additionally, variability in how parenting behaviors are conceptualized hinders synthesis across studies. Categorizing parenting behaviors into protection, control, and guided learning provides a structured framework for understanding these associations. This review aimed to assess (1) the differential associations between perinatal anxiety,depressive symptoms, and parenting behaviors across the protection, control, and guided learning dimensions, and (2) associations between comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms and parenting behaviors. A systematic search was conducted across four databases in January 2024. Studies were included if they assessed perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms and their associations with parenting behaviors during the first 3 years postpartum. Parenting behaviors were categorized into protection, control, and guided learning, and risk of bias was systematically evaluated. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023337333). From 9673 screened documents, 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Associations were most frequent in the protection dimension, with higher perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms linked to lower maternal sensitivity and responsiveness. In the control dimension, findings were mixed, with some studies linking maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms to greater controlling behaviors, while others found no significant associations. In the guided learning dimension, null findings predominated, though some studies identified links between higher anxiety, depressive symptom levels, increased intrusiveness, reduced cognitive stimulation, and disengagement. Few studies examined comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms, but preliminary findings suggest associations with lower maternal sensitivity and reduced guided learning behaviors. Despite heterogeneity across studies, protection-related parenting behaviors were most consistently associated with perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need for targeted assessments and interventions to support affected mothers and their children.
Depression in Adolescence: Relevance of Serotonin Receptor Polymorphisms.
Gizzi G, Fiorani F, Albi E … +3 more , Cataldi S, Mazzeschi C, Delvecchio E
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40421468 · Full text
Depression in adolescence is influenced by the environment, family members, social relationships, and genetic factors. Gene polymorphisms of serotonin receptors were associated with mental/psychiatric disorders, includin...
Depression in adolescence is influenced by the environment, family members, social relationships, and genetic factors. Gene polymorphisms of serotonin receptors were associated with mental/psychiatric disorders, including impulsive, aggressive, violent, antisocial or criminal conduct, schizophrenia, eating disorders, alexithymia, autism, and major depressive disorder (MDD). Few studies reported the association between serotonin receptor polymorphisms and depressive symptoms in nonclinical subjects. The present study aimed to evaluate the serotonin receptor polymorphisms in nonclinical adolescents presenting depressive symptoms. The results clearly demonstrated that nonclinical adolescents with severe depressive symptoms had a high concentration of GA + AA in the recessive model and of AA in the homozygous model of the rs6311 polymorphism. The data indicated that the A allele was associated with severe depressive symptoms. Moreover, the analysis highlighted a trend of association of TT + CT in the recessive model for rs6313 polymorphism and severe symptoms. In conclusion, our study confirms that the A allele for rs6311 represents a risk factor, and the allele T for rs6313 could be a possible risk factor for severe depressive symptoms. As a consequence, the allele G for rs6311 and the allele C for rs6313 could be protective against severe depressive symptoms. Therefore, it might be appropriate to work preventively on adolescents with the A allele for rs6311 and T allele for rs6313 polymorphism to reduce the possibility of developing depressive symptoms and to preserve mental health in young people.
Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in the UK Biobank: The Moderating Role of Sociability.
Xiao J, Guo B, Ma Y … +3 more , Huang N, Huang T, Liang H
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40406186 · Full text
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are signs of cognitive decline and associated disorders. The effects of socioeconomic status and social interaction on cognitive decline have already been well documented. Accordingly, the prese...
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are signs of cognitive decline and associated disorders. The effects of socioeconomic status and social interaction on cognitive decline have already been well documented. Accordingly, the present study aimed to build on the work investigating those factors and cognitive health by examining the relationships between socioeconomic status, sociability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Data from the UK Biobank ( = 301,848) were subjected to logistic regressions to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status, sociability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms and sociability to identify any potential moderator in the socioeconomic status-neuropsychiatric symptoms relationship. Specifically, socioeconomic status was defined by the Townsend deprivation index, while sociability was constructed using a cumulative score of four aspects. Meanwhile, neuropsychiatric symptoms were represented by depression, anxiety, and irritability, each of which had a genetic risk score calculated. Individuals who reported lower socioeconomic status also reported more depression and anxiety, while those with higher sociability reported fewer depression and anxiety. Further, it was found that sociability moderated the relationship between socioeconomic status and two symptoms: depression and anxiety. No significant moderating effects were found regarding irritability. The study results indicate the need for interventions aimed at neuropsychiatric symptoms to reduce possible cognitive disorders. They also demonstrate the need to eliminate economic and social disparities and the importance of improving sociability.
Profiles and Transitions of Sleep Disturbance and Depression Among Chinese Adolescents: The Predictive Roles of Life Stress and Resilience.
Chen D, Ye H, Bu L … +3 more , Liu W, Wang D, Fan F
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40401154 · Full text
Sleep disturbance and depression co-occur frequently, yet their co-occurring and transitional nature among adolescents remains underexplored. Meanwhile, few studies have examined the potential predictive effect of enviro...
Sleep disturbance and depression co-occur frequently, yet their co-occurring and transitional nature among adolescents remains underexplored. Meanwhile, few studies have examined the potential predictive effect of environmental factors (e.g., life stress) and individual factors (e.g., resilience) on their interactive profiles and transitions. This study investigated the profiles and transitions of sleep disturbance and depression for Chinese adolescents, along with the predictive role of life stress and resilience in profiles and transitions. A total of 17,404 adolescents ( = 12.1 ± 1.2 years, ranging from 10 to 17 years; 48.4% of females) were assessed at baseline from April 21 to May 12, 2021 (Time 1, T1), 6 months later from December 17-26, 2021 (Time 2, T2), and 1 year later from May 17 to June 6, 2022 (Time 3, T3). We used latent profile and latent transition analysis (LTA) to explore sleep disturbance and depression profiles and their transitions over time. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to prove the predictive roles of stress and resilience in these profiles and transitions. Across all three time points, three profiles were consistently identified: low profile, co-occurring moderate profile, and co-occurring high profile. Three profiles presented distinct transition patterns, with adolescents in co-occurring high profiles displaying the highest level of transitions. The logistic regression suggested that adolescents with more interpersonal and academic stress or less resilience were more likely to belong to or transition into at-risk profiles. Recognizing subgroup differences is crucial to understanding the co-occurrence and transitions of sleep disturbance and depression. Stress and resilience, particularly interpersonal stress, are significant predictors. This underscores the need importance for dynamically monitoring changes in sleep disturbance and depression, as well as identifying resilience and stress factors, which are essential for developing intervention programs.
The Association Between High Levels of Aggression and Insomnia in Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Latent Profile Analysis.
Li S, Chen H, Chen X … +3 more , Tang H, Ye Y, Zhou J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40401153 · Full text
Aggression has been reported to be associated with insomnia in adolescents. However, the impact of aggression and different levels of aggression on insomnia needs further exploration. This study aimed to explore the asso...
Aggression has been reported to be associated with insomnia in adolescents. However, the impact of aggression and different levels of aggression on insomnia needs further exploration. This study aimed to explore the association of aggression, as well as different profiles of aggression, with insomnia in Chinese adolescents. This was a prospective cohort study with an 8-month follow-up period. The Short-Form Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ-SF) was used to assess the aggression; the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to assess the symptoms of insomnia. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify profiles of aggression. The association between different profiles of aggression and insomnia was assessed using logistic regression analysis. We also used the restricted cubic spline model to investigate the pattern of the association. A total of 1124 students completed the questionnaire. The aggression was classified into three profiles: low aggression ( = 931, 82.8%), moderate aggression ( = 153, 13.6%), and high aggression ( = 40, 3.6%). A follow-up survey after 8 months found 228 (20.3%) new cases of insomnia. Moreover, high aggression was associated with a significantly increased risk of insomnia after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, anxiety state, and depressive state (odds ratio [OR]: 9.98, 95%CI: 4.94-20.15). The relationship between aggression and the risk of insomnia was linear in the restricted cubic spline regression analysis. High levels of aggression were significantly associated with insomnia among Chinese adolescents. Therefore, targeted interventions aimed at addressing insomnia among adolescents with high levels of aggression are needed to improve their mental well-being.
Mapping the Dynamics of Generalized Anxiety Symptoms and Actionable Transdiagnostic Mechanisms: A Panel Study.
Hoffart A, Skjerdingstad N, Freichel R … +3 more , Johnson SU, Epskamp S, Ebrahimi OV
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40395980 · Full text
The long-term dynamic interaction between symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and their theorized mechanistic processes derived from three treatment models of GAD-the emotion dysregulation model, the model und...
The long-term dynamic interaction between symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and their theorized mechanistic processes derived from three treatment models of GAD-the emotion dysregulation model, the model underlying metacognitive therapy (MCT), and the intolerance of uncertainty model-was investigated. Four data waves 2 months apart were delivered by a representative population sample of 4361 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Networks were estimated using the newly developed panel graphical vector autoregression (panel-GVAR) methods. In the temporal network, and consistent with processes stipulated in the metacognitive model, the experience that worry is uncontrollable predicted the GAD symptom fear of awful events, which in turn predicted a range of other GAD symptoms, that is, anxiety, restlessness, and irritability. Fear of awful events had high outstrength, that is, predicted other variables to a large degree. Inconsistent with the metacognitive model, the coping strategy thought suppression negatively predicted restlessness. Consistent with the emotion dysregulation model, emotion dysregulation predicted avoidance. No relationships proposed by the intolerance of uncertainty model of GAD were identified in the temporal network. The contemporaneous network was dense with nodes clustering according to the constructs they belonged to. The findings indicate the importance of the theory-derived variables, the experience and belief that worry is uncontrollable and emotion dysregulation, as potential targets for intervention to alleviate GAD symptoms. The findings also indicate that uncontrollability of worry and fear of awful events should be considered central symptoms of GAD in a within-individual diagnostics supplementary to current diagnostic manuals, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5).
Machine Learning Models to Identify Clinically Significant Anxiety in Short-Term Insomnia Using Accelerometers.
Fang L, Zeng W, Zheng S … +7 more , Du S, Yang H, Luo X, Zeng S, Huang Z, Chen W, Zhang B
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40395979 · Full text
Clinically significant anxiety (CSA) is common in individuals with short-term insomnia. This study aims to explore the relationship between CSA and the subjective and objective parameters of sleep in patients with short-...
Clinically significant anxiety (CSA) is common in individuals with short-term insomnia. This study aims to explore the relationship between CSA and the subjective and objective parameters of sleep in patients with short-term insomnia and construct machine learning (ML) models to determine the utility of accelerometer features in identifying significant anxiety. A total of 205 short-term insomnia participants from China were assigned to the group with CSA ( = 33) or the group without CSA ( = 172). Interaction analysis based on linear regression was used to estimate the possible interactive effect of accelerometer features between CSA and sleep problems. Four feature sets and eight algorithms were used to construct ML models, with Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values used to visualize feature importance and influence processes. CSA in patients with short-term insomnia leads to more severe subjective sleep problems, and accelerometer-measured features warrant further attention for the identification of interactive factors. A significant interaction effect was found between anxiety symptoms and longer duration of physical activity on insomnia severity ( < 0.05). Anxiety symptoms and interdaily stability had an interactive association with sleep hygiene behaviors ( < 0.01). ML can process and analyze complex accelerometer features to identify CSA in patients with short-term insomnia. Compared with other feature sets and algorithms, the XGBoost model with accelerometer-measured features on weekdays more effectively identified CSA with area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.777. SHAP analysis results indicated that circadian rhythm features had significant contributions. Decision plots based on SHAP were applied to visualize the personalized risk factors for each patient and provide clinicians with more easily understandable and practical explanation methods that enhance clinical decision-making. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2200062910.
Association Between Abnormal Plasma Lipid Metabolism and Psychological Characteristics in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder.
Wang Y, Chen H, Wang J … +10 more , Chen S, Liu J, Chen X, Li S, Tang H, Zhou J, Ye Y, Tian Y, Wang X, Zhou J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40390837 · Full text
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is a significant global public health issue, yet its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Although changes in lipid metabolites have been observed in people with MD...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is a significant global public health issue, yet its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Although changes in lipid metabolites have been observed in people with MDD, most relevant studies focus on adults, with limited research on adolescents. Furthermore, little is known about how interactions between metabolites and psychosocial factors contribute to MDD among adolescents. This study aimed to explore the relationship between lipid metabolism and psychological characteristics in adolescents with MDD to provide insights into its biological mechanisms. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 adolescents with MDD patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Plasma samples were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for targeted lipidomics. Spearman analysis was employed to examine the correlation between differentially expressed lipids and the psychological characteristics of participants. We identified significant differences in 37 lipid species, including glycerophospholipids (GPs), glycerolipids (GLs), and sphingolipids (SPs), with a specific focus on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; 18:0), which demonstrated high diagnostic potential (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.886). Pathway analysis revealed significant disturbances in GP metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis showed that most differential lipid metabolites were negatively correlated with scores of depressive symptoms, childhood maltreatment (CM), extraversion, and neuroticism, while positively correlated with scores of psychoticism and positive coping in adolescents with MDD. The study showed that adolescents with MDD presented a significantly differentiated profile of plasma lipidomics compared to HCs. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role of lipid metabolism in adolescent MDD.
Association Between Body Mass Index and Comorbid Anxiety in First-Episode and Drug Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.
Liu S, Huang Y, Liu A … +6 more , Li X, Fu Y, Wang W, Wen Y, Jiang T, Zhang X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40384809 · Full text
There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and anxiety symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the findings are controversial. This study aimed to explore...
There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and anxiety symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the findings are controversial. This study aimed to explore the association between BMI and anxiety symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD. A total of 1718 FEDN MDD patients were included in this study, gathering information on their sociodemographic attributes and physical measurements. BMI was classified into three categories (normal, overweight, and obese) based on the standards of the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC). Logistic regression and double robust estimation were used to assess the association between anxiety symptoms and BMI. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to examine the relationship between anxiety symptoms and BMI. If nonlinear associations existed, threshold effects were analyzed using a two-piecewise logistic regression model. The subgroup analysis was performed to validate the robustness of the findings. Among 1718 patients, 12.7% (218) exhibited anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between BMI and the risk of experiencing anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.039-1.229, =0.004). These findings were further confirmed using a doubly robust estimation. Additionally, RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear correlation between BMI and anxiety symptoms, with a turning point of 26.9 kg/m. On the left side of the inflection point, a positive association between BMI and anxiety symptoms was detected (OR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.055-1.296, =0.003), while no significant association was observed on the right side of the inflection point (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.685-1.341, =0.972). Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations in the association between gender and education level. This study demonstrated that a higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of experiencing anxiety symptoms in Chinese patients with FEDN MDD, particularly among those with a BMI below 26.9 kg/m.
Evolution of Core Symptoms of Depression Disorders Among Chinese Adolescents Across Different Grades.
Song X, Li Y, Wang X … +8 more , Wang X, Bao Y, Zhang D, Li Z, Meng C, Wang C, Zhang X, Lyu S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40384808 · Full text
Adolescence is a high-risk period for depression, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, when adolescent depression has become increasingly severe. This study employs network analysis to identify core symptoms at variou...
Adolescence is a high-risk period for depression, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, when adolescent depression has become increasingly severe. This study employs network analysis to identify core symptoms at various stages. It explores the differences in depression symptom characteristics among Chinese adolescents of different genders during elementary, middle, and high school periods. A convenience sampling method was used to select 1553 students from various elementary, middle, and high schools in a specific city as participants. Their depression symptoms were assessed using the The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression screening scale. Using graph theory-based network analysis, this study constructs a depression symptom model via a correlation network and evaluates symptom nodes and their interconnections. The study found significant differences in the detection rates of depression symptoms among the three grade levels ( < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between male and female students in the detection rates and PHQ-9 scores ( > 0.05). Through network analysis, this study identified the network changes in depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents of different grades and genders. The results show that "depressed mood" is the core symptom in the elementary and high school groups. At the same time, "fatigue" is the central factor affecting the depression network in the middle school group. Negative emotions and fatigue are the primary symptoms that run through the entire adolescent depression network. This study reveals the heterogeneity of depression symptom networks among adolescent groups of different genders and grades, providing a theoretical basis for personalized interventions for adolescent depression in the future.
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