Depress Anxiety [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Changes in the Networks of Bedtime Procrastination and Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents.
Gao T, Zhou C, Su Y
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40697774 · Full text
While traditional psychometric approaches, such as latent variable modeling, have primarily focused on the association between bedtime procrastination and anxiety, they often fail to capture symptom-level temporal and di...
While traditional psychometric approaches, such as latent variable modeling, have primarily focused on the association between bedtime procrastination and anxiety, they often fail to capture symptom-level temporal and directional relationships. Therefore, this study aims to explore the temporal dynamics of symptom-level associations between bedtime procrastination and anxiety, examining both within-person and between-person variations over time in an adolescent population. This study utilized panel data-based network analyses to examine both within-person effects (temporal and contemporaneous networks) and between-person dynamics across 3,296 adolescents. Specifically, we examined symptom-to-symptom associations of bedtime procrastination and anxiety using both cross-sectional and temporal network analyses and assessed the symptom centrality to identify key drivers of symptom dynamics. At the within-person level, the temporal network analysis indicated that restlessness (GAD5) was the most stable and predictive node across time. Additionally, nervousness (GAD1) and going to bed later than intended (BPS1) had the most significant influence on other symptoms in the T1→T2 and T2→T3 networks, respectively. In the contemporaneous network, inability to control worry (GAD2), excessive worry (GAD3), and trouble relaxing (GAD4) were identified as the central symptoms. At the between-person level, positive relationships between specific bedtime procrastination symptoms were consistently observed. Our findings elucidate the potential complex interactions between bedtime procrastination and anxiety symptoms, highlighting central symptoms that vary across temporal and contemporaneous networks. The identification of central symptoms and their dynamic associations within these networks can inform the causal mechanisms underlying bedtime procrastination and anxiety, thereby guiding the design of targeted interventions for adolescents.
Marital Adjustment as a Mediator Between Emotional Suppression and Self-Compassion in Women Aged 35+ Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.
Zheng M, Wang H, Li C … +5 more , Ouyang Y, Yan L, Gong F, Li L, Li X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40697773 · Full text
This study aimed to investigate the pathways of emotional suppression among women aged 35 years and older undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and to provide a theoretical basis for developing perso...
This study aimed to investigate the pathways of emotional suppression among women aged 35 years and older undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and to provide a theoretical basis for developing personalized programs to reduce emotional suppression. A convenience sample of 225 women aged ≥35 years undergoing IVF-ET at a reproductive centre between May 1st and September 30th, 2023, was selected. The participants completed a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Emotional Inhibition Scale (EIS), the Locke-Wallace Marriage Adjustment Test (MAT), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Data were analysed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 24.0. Normality and homogeneity of variance were assessed, with normally distributed data described as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling (SEM), and bootstrap resampling (5000 iterations, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were employed to test the mediation effects, with a bootstrap analysis used to assess the stability and significance of indirect effects through repeated sampling. The cohort comprised predominantly Han Chinese (82.2%), first-married (60.9%), urban-dwelling (60.4%) women with secondary infertility (68.0%). Over 40.0% of the total held a tertiary educational level, and 67.1% reported per capita monthly income of the family (3001-10,000 RMB). The mean emotional suppression score was 28.65 ± 6.74. Emotional suppression was negatively correlated with marital adjustment ( = -0.442, < 0.01) and self-compassion ( = -0.393, < 0.01). SEM with bootstrap validation demonstrated that marital adjustment mediated the relationship between emotional suppression and self-compassion (mediating effect proportion: 24.89%, 95% CI: -0.115 to -0.027). Marital adjustment mediates emotional suppression and self-compassion in women aged ≥35 years undergoing IVF-ET. Fostering positive marital dynamics may alleviate emotional suppression and enhance self-compassion, promoting psychological resilience during treatment. These findings support targeted interventions to improve patient satisfaction and treatment success rates.
How Does Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment Change the Brain Function of Acrophobia Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Guo M, Chen Y, Xie Y … +6 more , Zhang Y, Xu A, Zhang G, Kong J, Zhong Y, Wang C
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40697772 · Full text
Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), an innovative form of exposure therapy (ET), has been demonstrated to be effective in treating acrophobia. However, its neural mechanisms of action and how it differs from traditi...
Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), an innovative form of exposure therapy (ET), has been demonstrated to be effective in treating acrophobia. However, its neural mechanisms of action and how it differs from traditional imaginal exposure therapy (IET) remain unclear. This study utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the effects of VRET on brain activity in acrophobic patients and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying its therapeutic action. Fifty patients with acrophobia were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (25 patients) or a control group (25 patients) based on different treatments. The experimental group received VRET, while the control group received conventional IET. A mixed-design repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the whole brain to identify brain regions affected by the intervention. Both groups of patients underwent treatment twice a week for 3 weeks. fMRI scans were performed for all patients at baseline and after treatment to facilitate a comparison of clinical effects at the end of the treatment period. The degree centrality (DC) values of the blood oxygenation level dependent signals across the entire brain were analyzed. A mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted on the pre- and post-intervention data to identify brain regions affected by the intervention. The degree of symptom improvement was assessed using self-report measures, including the Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ), the Attitude Toward Heights Questionnaire, the Behavior Avoidance Test, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. These assessments were correlated with pre- and post-intervention differences in brain activity. Additionally, a functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted to identify any atypical connectivity patterns following the ET. There was a significant positive correlation between the change in scores on the AQ and the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) ( = 0.442, = 0.045). After VRET, DC values in the right calcarine, MTG, cuneus, and precuneus were decreased ( < 0.005), while DC values in the postcentral gyrus decreased after IET ( < 0.05). Additionally, reduced FC between the right MTG and both the right medial superior frontal gyrus and the left MTG was observed in acrophobia patients following VRET. In the IET group, reduced FC between the left MTG and the left superior temporal gyrus was found ( < 0.005). Preliminary results suggest that VRET may improve abnormal brain activity in acrophobia by modulating the activity of the default mode network and the primary visual cortex.
Global, Regional, and National Trends in the Burden of Anxiety Disorders From 1992 to 2021: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Zhou J, Li S, Song Y … +8 more , Ying J, Luo Z, Shan S, Zhou L, Zha J, Wang X, Song P, Yang J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40688542 · Full text
Anxiety disorders pose a considerable global health challenge, ranking as the most prevalent type of mental illness. This study delineates the trends in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for a...
Anxiety disorders pose a considerable global health challenge, ranking as the most prevalent type of mental illness. This study delineates the trends in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for anxiety disorders at global, regional, and national levels between 1992 and 2021, with an emphasis on the independent effects of age, period, and birth cohort. Incidence, prevalence, and YLDs were selected as burden indicators of anxiety disorders, following the standardized methodologies of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, with data presented as numerical counts and age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 population. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was applied to estimate the overall annual percentage change (net drift), annual percentage change within each age group (local drift), and the relative risks associated with age, period, and cohort. From 1992 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR) for anxiety disorders showed an overall increase. The APC model estimated a global net drift of 0.16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03%, 0.30%) for incidence, 0.07% (95% CI: 0.02%, 0.12%) for prevalence, and 0.07% (95% CI: 0.01%, 0.12%) for YLDs. Regionally, the highest ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR were recorded in the high SDI region in 2021, with the Region of the Americas (AMR) showing the highest rates across all three metrics. Among 204 countries/territories, Portugal, Brazil, Lebanon, Iran, and Paraguay ranked as the top five highest for ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR. The age effects on incidence, prevalence, and YLDs followed similar global and regional patterns, with risk initially increasing before declining in older age. The most substantial increase in the period risk of incidence from 1992 to 2021 occurred in high SDI and AMR countries, while prevalence and YLDs saw the largest rise in low-middle SDI region and AMR. A steady increase in the risk of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs was observed across successive birth cohorts globally and regionally. The global burden of anxiety disorders demonstrated an overall upward trend, with considerable regional, demographic, and temporal variations. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing resource allocation and developing tailored public health strategies to address anxiety disorders.
Correction to "Skin Conductance Reactivity as a Predictor of Stroke-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Dimensional Approach".
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40688541 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/6671337.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/6671337.].
Internet Addiction and Depressive Symptoms in University Students: Latent Profiles, Network Structure, and Symptomatic Pathways to Suicide Risk.
Li Y, Shi J, Luo B … +4 more , Xiong A, Xiong S, Wang J, Liao S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40688540 · Full text
Internet addiction and depression frequently co-occur among university students, resulting in amplified functional deterioration and treatment resistance. Despite established bidirectional relationships, existing researc...
Internet addiction and depression frequently co-occur among university students, resulting in amplified functional deterioration and treatment resistance. Despite established bidirectional relationships, existing research has predominantly examined linear associations and treated these conditions as single global constructs. This study integrated person-centered and network-based approaches to identify distinct symptom profiles of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, examine sociodemographic predictors of profile membership, and uncover interconnected symptom networks within high-risk populations among Chinese university students. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2024. Data were collected through a web-based survey incorporating validated instruments for Internet addiction, depression, and suicide risk assessment. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct symptom profiles, followed by multivariate logistic regression to examine sociodemographic predictors. Network analysis was performed within the high-risk profile to unveil symptom interactions, central symptoms, bridge symptoms, and symptomatic pathways to suicide risk. Among 30,992 participants, latent profile analysis identified three distinct groups: Healthy profile (59.31%), at-risk profile (35.06%), and comorbidity profile (5.63%). Students who were female, ethnic minorities, in higher grade levels, and had prolonged Internet use showed increased risks of problematic profiles. Conversely, enrollment in bachelor's programs, science and medical majors, higher household income, and regular physical activity demonstrated protective effects. Network analysis revealed Internet preoccupation and fatigue as central symptoms, identified key bridge symptoms (e.g., offline negative affect, difficulty concentrating) linking the symptom clusters, and highlighted Internet withdrawal symptoms and depressed mood as critical pathways to suicide risk within the comorbidity profile. This study identified distinct profiles of Internet addiction and depression comorbidity, with specific sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors informing targeted screening strategies. Network analysis revealed central symptoms and specific bridge symptoms connecting the conditions, while also identifying critical pathways to suicide risk in the Comorbidity profile, providing empirical evidence for developing precise and effective interventions.
Sex Differences in Cortical Structural Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder With Suicidal Ideation.
Liu J, Zhang H, Wu Y … +7 more , Li W, Li M, Yuan X, Zhou C, Chen M, Zhou J, Cui J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40636274 · Full text
Previous studies have documented brain structural changes in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation (MDDSI). While sex differences in brain structure have been observed in MDD, the specific differences in MDDSI...
Previous studies have documented brain structural changes in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation (MDDSI). While sex differences in brain structure have been observed in MDD, the specific differences in MDDSI remain underexplored. This study aims to examine sex-specific cortical structural changes in MDDSI patients, with the goal of improving suicide risk assessment and supporting the development of sex-specific interventions. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 177 participants, including 117 patients with MDD (44 males and 73 females) and 60 healthy controls (HC; 23 males and 37 females). Using FreeSurfer, we assessed the main effects of both group and sex, as well as sex-by-group interactions, on cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), cortical volume (CV), and local gyrification index (LGI). Pearson partial correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between sex-specific regions and SI scores. Patients with MDDSI exhibited significantly reduced LGI in the right inferior and superior parietal cortices, irrespective of sex. Significant sex-by-group interactions were identified and post hoc analyses revealed that male MDDSI patients showed significantly greater CT in the right lingual gyrus (LG) compared to their female counterparts, along with smaller SA in the right lateral occipital cortex (LOC) and reduced CV in the right pericalcarine cortex (PCAL) compared to their sex-matched MDD patients without SI (MDDNonSI). No significant associations were found between these structural changes and SI scores. This study highlights sex-specific differences in cortical structures in MDDSI patients. These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying MDD with SI. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR2100049646.
Altered Global Signal Topography in Major Depressive Disorder With and Without Anxiety.
Gao H, Qian R, Zhu W … +3 more , Ma Y, Wu D, Zhao Z
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40636273 · Full text
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by alterations in global signal (GS) topography across various neural networks and brain regions, including the default mode network and sensorimoto...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by alterations in global signal (GS) topography across various neural networks and brain regions, including the default mode network and sensorimotor-related areas. While previous research has demonstrated the potential of global brain activity measures to differentiate MDD from healthy controls (HCs), specific changes in GS distribution among MDD patients with and without anxiety remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate anxiety-related alterations in GS topography in MDD and their associations with clinical symptoms. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and T1-weighted imaging data were collected from 334 MDD patients with anxiety, 145 MDD patients without anxiety, and 307 HCs as part of the REST-meta-MDD consortium. We computed GS topography using GS correlation (GSCORR) and assessed structural-functional interaction (SFI) by examining the relationship between gray matter volume and GS for each subject. Our analysis revealed no significant differences in GS topography among the three groups at either the whole-brain or network levels. However, decreased GSCORR was observed in the right precentral gyrus, insula, and posterior parieto-occipital cortex in anxious MDD patients compared to HC. SFI analyses indicated anxiety-related alterations in the sensorimotor network, precuneus, putamen, and middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, GSCORR in the inferior parietal lobe and cerebellum exhibited specific correlation trends with anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. These findings underscore an abnormal topographic shift in global brain activity in MDD patients with anxiety, offering a new insight into understanding brain dysfunction associated with this disorder.
Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults: A Comparison Between Online Convenience and Conventional Representative Sampling.
Georgi H, Dragomirecká E, Tichá Z … +1 more , Mana J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40630161 · Full text
Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health issues of older populations, and as such they are frequently monitored covariates. The possibilities for collecting research data has grown with the recent e...
Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health issues of older populations, and as such they are frequently monitored covariates. The possibilities for collecting research data has grown with the recent emergence of user-friendly online survey platforms. However, to what extent the populations of older persons who participate in such research are similar to the general population remains unclear. We investigated the affective health of an open online sample of older adults (65+) in contrast to a representative randomised in-person interview sample. The surveys were conducted in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic after the second wave of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. The online sample ( = 389) was recruited via the Internet. Participants of the in-person study ( = 633) were randomly approached according to quotas for representativeness. The administered questionnaires included a health status self-report, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory - Short form (GAI-SF). Online participants reported better mental and general health; that is, they reported fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms than the randomised representative sample. In both samples, women showed higher levels of anxiety than men. Subjective general health was associated with mental health. In the randomised representative sample, in contrast to the online sample, the level of depression increased significantly with age. The open non-randomised calls for participants attracted a higher percentage of women and people with higher education than are in the general older population. Older research volunteers recruited online can be expected to be subjectively healthier and to differ largely from the general population in their sociodemographic characteristics.
Proteomic Biomarkers as Mediators in the Association Between Air Pollution and Incident Depression and Anxiety: Evidence From the UK Biobank.
Wang M, Ma Y, Zheng Y … +6 more , Tao Y, Mu W, Yang L, Li J, Li Z, Shi C
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40611827 · Full text
The association between ambient air pollution and the onset of depression and anxiety has attracted significant scholarly interest; however, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The primary objective of this study...
The association between ambient air pollution and the onset of depression and anxiety has attracted significant scholarly interest; however, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The primary objective of this study is to assess the connection between air pollution and the onset of depression and anxiety, with a specific emphasis on uncovering the potential pathways influenced by high-dimensional proteomic markers. Design, setting, and participants: This prospective, nationwide population-based cohort study utilized data from the UK Biobank, incorporating an analysis of proteomic data from 38,301 participants. Air pollution levels for particulate matter (PM) diameters of ≤2.5 μm (PM), ≤10 μm (PM), 2.5-10 μm (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO) were estimated in 2010. The depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed through self-report questionnaires at baseline and at the 7-year follow-up, and diagnoses were determined using ICD-9/10 codes from hospital records. Plasma proteomic data for 1463 proteins was measured using the Olink platform. A two-step regression approach was used to identify proteins associated with both air pollution and depression/anxiety. Mediation analysis was performed using the med4way method. This longitudinal nationwide study leveraged the UK Biobank cohort to elucidate the protein-mediated effects of five major air pollutants on depression and anxiety. The findings identified 23 proteins mediating the risk of developing depression associated with air pollution, while no mediating proteins were found for anxiety. Additionally, the study discovered 38 proteins linked to the severity of anxiety related to air pollution and nine proteins connected to the severity of depressive symptoms. Notably, KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant associations with critical signaling cascades, such as the estrogen, IL-17, and pathways. Furthermore, STRING analysis underscored the shared roles of specific proteins, including EGFR, IL15, CCL2, and CCL20, in the context of air pollution-induced depression and anxiety, highlighting the involvement of immune-related processes and pathways. The findings of this large population-based cohort study provide proteomic evidence on the mediating protein associations between air pollution and the onset of depression. The results suggest that the immune system plays a significant role in the biological mechanisms linking air pollution to depression and anxiety.
Identifying Risk and Protective Factors Impacting the Clinical Outcomes of Subthreshold Anxiety in Early Adolescents: Insights From the ABCD Study.
Keyin C, Qian L, Jiayuan Z … +6 more , Lijing N, Haowei D, Lanxin P, Xingqin W, Qing M, Ruibin Z
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40605961 · Full text
Subthreshold anxiety (STA) is a significant risk factor for developing anxiety disorder (AX), particularly in adolescence. Understanding the risk and protective factors of the development of STA in early life is essentia...
Subthreshold anxiety (STA) is a significant risk factor for developing anxiety disorder (AX), particularly in adolescence. Understanding the risk and protective factors of the development of STA in early life is essential for early prevention and intervention efforts. However, research on this topic is scarce. We examined the data of 11,876 early adolescents from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to explore the factors influencing the development of STA between ages 9 and 13. The outcomes included developing AX, persistent STA, and remission from STA. Using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), we identified 786 participants with STA. To predict STA transitions, we analyzed 31 diathesis-stress-related variables covering demographics, mental and physical health, and environmental factors, employing logistic regression. Compared to baseline healthy controls (HCs), adolescents with STA showed an odds ratio (OR) of 6.9 for converting to AX. The pivotal risk factors for progression from STA to AX were lack of perseverance and area deprivation, with females being more likely to maintain STA. Protective factors for a favorable prognosis of STA included the absence of traumatic history, lack of premeditation, increased physical activity, and positive school environment. Healing traumatic experiences, increased physical activity, and enhancing school and family environments could help prevent adverse outcomes. By targeting these modifiable factors, adolescents at high risk can be identified and provided with interventions early in life.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Risk of Premenstrual Disorders: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Sweden.
Opatowski M, Deng J, Yang Q … +3 more , Oberg AS, Cesta CE, Lu D
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40605960 · Full text
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It has been linked to a range of psychiatric disorders. Although premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are chara...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It has been linked to a range of psychiatric disorders. Although premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are characterized by psychiatric symptoms in tandem with hormone changes controlled by the endocrine system, the association between PCOS and PMDs remains unknown. We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study including 2,965,178 females during 2001-2018 in Sweden. Individuals with PCOS were identified from clinical diagnoses recorded in the Swedish national registers ( = 41,515) and PMDs were identified based on clinical diagnoses and prescriptions with a clear indication of PMDs during follow-up. Using multivariable Cox regression, hazard ratio (HRs) of PMDs were estimated by comparing individuals with PCOS to those without. To account for confounders such as genetics or family environment, we conducted sibling comparison ( = 160,566). During a median follow-up of 15.3 years, 1308 (1.9%) individuals with PCOS had a premenstrual disorder (PMD) (4.67/1000 person-years). Compared to individuals without PCOS they had more than doubled risk of PMDs (age-adjusted HR: 2.26, 95% CI 2.14- 2.39). The association was attenuated after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as for comorbid psychiatric disorders and obesity yet remained significant (HR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.46-1.63). The sibling comparison showed similar findings (full-adjusted HR: 1.61, 95% CI 1.36-1.92). The association between PCOS and PMDs remained statistically significant regardless of the presence of psychiatric comorbidities, with HR of 1.33 (95% CI 1.20-1.47) for individuals with psychiatric comorbidities and 1.55 (95% CI 1.45-1.65) for those without. Our findings suggest that individuals diagnosed with PCOS were at increased risk for PMDs. This association could not be entirely explained by shared risk factors, including such that sisters share.
Childhood Parental Emotions and Depression Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese: The Mediating Role of Adverse Childhood School Neighborhood Friendship Experiences.
Wang G, Li Y, Yu Y … +3 more , Tang H, Lu Y, Tang S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40605959 · Full text
This study aimed to investigate the potential mediation effect of adverse childhood school neighborhood friendship experiences (ACSNFEs) in the relationship between childhood parental emotions and depressive symptoms. T...
This study aimed to investigate the potential mediation effect of adverse childhood school neighborhood friendship experiences (ACSNFEs) in the relationship between childhood parental emotions and depressive symptoms. The study extracted data from 9489 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of 2014 and 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Stepwise regression based on least squares regression models, bootstrap tests, and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB)-based logit regression models were applied to analyze. Negative childhood parental emotions ( = 0.2030 and < 0.001), negative childhood mother's emotions ( = 0.3399 and < 0.001), and negative childhood father's emotions ( = 0.3866 and < 0.001) were all significantly associated with higher severity of depressive symptoms. Bootstrap tests showed that the proportion of ACSNFEs mediated for childhood parental emotions was 14.03%. For childhood mother's emotions and childhood father's emotions, the mediating proportions were 15.32% and 13.57%, respectively. Moreover, KHB tests showed that the mediating effect still existed. The association between childhood parental emotions and depressive symptoms was partly mediated by ACSNFEs. Focus on developing parental emotional management ability, actively guiding parents to help children develop high-quality friendships, and promoting the development of psychological health.
Depressive and Insomnia Symptoms Among Older Adults With Different Chronic Pain Trajectories: A Network Analysis Based on Observation Over an Eight-Year Period.
Sun HL, Chen P, Bai W … +7 more , Feng Y, Sha S, Su Z, Cheung T, Ng CH, Zhang Q, Xiang YT
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40567830 · Full text
Depressive and insomnia symptoms are common among older adults with chronic pain. We aimed to examine different chronic pain trajectories of older adults over an 8-year observation period and explore the network structur...
Depressive and insomnia symptoms are common among older adults with chronic pain. We aimed to examine different chronic pain trajectories of older adults over an 8-year observation period and explore the network structures of depression and insomnia in each chronic pain group. The trajectories of pain in the USA-based Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data from 2010 to 2018 were examined using latent class growth analyses (LCGA) method. Depressive and insomnia symptoms were measured with the eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD-8) Scale and the four-item Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4), respectively. Network models were constructed using the Ising model. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via expectedInfluence (EI) and bridge EI, respectively. A total of 11,132 older adults were included in the trajectory analysis, with three chronic pain trajectories identified, including "severe pain trajectory," "moderate pain trajectory," and "non or mild pain trajectory". From these trajectories, "Lack of happiness" (CESD4), "Feeling depressed" (CESD1), and "Feeling sad" (CESD7) emerged as the most central symptoms, while "Feeling tired in the morning" (JSS4) was identified as the key bridge symptom. However, the findings may not be generalizable to other parts of the world outside the USA. Older adults with different chronic pain trajectories exhibited similar depression and insomnia network structure. Implementing timely interventions that target central and bridge symptoms might mitigate the co-occurrence of depression and insomnia in this population.
How Do Patients' Fear Prediction and Fear Experience Impact Exposure-Based Therapy for Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia? A Comprehensive Analysis of Fear Prediction.
Hilleke M, Lang T, Helbig-Lang S … +10 more , Alpers GW, Arolt V, Deckert J, Fydrich T, Hamm AO, Kircher T, Richter J, Ströhle A, Wittchen HU, Gerlach AL
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40567829 · Full text
Expectancy violation has been proposed as a potential core mechanism of action in psychotherapy, particularly in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. However, various relevant expectations have been discussed, and emp...
Expectancy violation has been proposed as a potential core mechanism of action in psychotherapy, particularly in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. However, various relevant expectations have been discussed, and empirical studies examining their significance are still scarce. This study aimed to investigate one specific form of expectancy violation, based on Rachman's (1994) match-mismatch model, specifically by comparing expected and experienced fear and examining their relationship to safety behaviour during exposure in vivo in 268 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Participants underwent exposure to a highly controlled manual-based cognitive behaviour therapy in a randomised multicenter psychotherapy study. Participants tended to overpredict fear during exposure. Both expected and experienced fear significantly decreased over the course of repeated exposure exercises, while prediction (in)accuracy (difference between expected and experienced fear) remained stable. The decrease in expected fear over time was a strong predictor of treatment outcomes for the Bodily Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) and Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) at post. Even more, the reduction in expected fear was a significant predictor of treatment success across all outcome measures in the follow-up assessment. These findings suggest that violating excessive fear expectancies is not a necessary condition for symptom reduction during exposure therapy.
Body Pain and Depressive Symptoms: Patterns and Associations in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults.
Wu X, Huang R, Fei Y … +6 more , Zhong R, Wang S, Huang X, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Fang Y
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40556955 · Full text
Depressive symptoms (DS) and body pain are prevalent conditions that significantly impact the quality of life of older adults, often co-occurring with chronic diseases. This study aimed to explore the patterns of body pa...
Depressive symptoms (DS) and body pain are prevalent conditions that significantly impact the quality of life of older adults, often co-occurring with chronic diseases. This study aimed to explore the patterns of body pain characteristics and their association with DS among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. This cross-sectional study analysed data from 16,039 participants aged ≥45 years in the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). DS were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Body pain characteristics included pain severity and location. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between chronic diseases, body pain, and DS. Among participants, 5442 (33.9%) reported DS (CESD-10 score ≥12). The DS group showed significantly higher body pain severity (2.66 ± 1.42 vs. 1.84 ± 1.11, < 0.001) and more painful body parts (5.06 ± 3.87 vs. 3.68 ± 3.03, < 0.001) compared to the non-depressive group. Both pain severity and number of pain sites were independently associated with higher CESD-10 scores. Mediation analysis revealed that body pain severity mediated 29.0% of the total effect between chronic diseases and DS. Body pain plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between chronic diseases and DS among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing comprehensive healthcare approaches that integrate pain management with mental health support in primary care settings.
Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Brain Activation in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety Disorders.
Ren J, Ma L, Wu W … +13 more , Qiu J, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Wang Z, Hou X, Jin J, Hu W, Wu Y, Chen X, Luo J, Fan C, Wang K, Li X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40556954 · Full text
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) stands as a highly efficacious psychological treatment for both anxiety and depressive disorders. Nonetheless, scholarly debates persist regarding the specificities of brain area activa...
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) stands as a highly efficacious psychological treatment for both anxiety and depressive disorders. Nonetheless, scholarly debates persist regarding the specificities of brain area activation during CBT treatment for these disorders. Utilizing activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis, this study aims to discern the neurobiological similarities and disparities between CBT's effects on anxiety and depressive disorders by examining functional brain areas. A total of 22 articles, encompassing 443 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Our results show that in the resting state, patients with depression treated with CBT resulted in increased activation of the right and left ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), left parahippocampal gyrus (PG), right subgyral, left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), whereas patients with anxiety disorders had increased activation of the right and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and decreased activation of the caudate after treatment. In the task state, increased activation of the right PG, right orbital frontal lobe, and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was mainly observed after treatment in patients with anxiety disorders, and the left lentiform nucleus (LN), left dorsal entorhinal cortex, and right caudate activation were decreased. For depressive disorders, no consistent activation patterns emerged in the task state, likely due to limited studies or heterogeneity in task paradigms across included studies. CBT's efficacy relies on both shared (e.g., vACC-mediated emotion regulation and cognitive control) and distinct neural mechanisms (fear-circuit modulation in anxiety vs. memory-network enhancement in depression), informing biomarker-driven treatment personalization.
Using Speech Features and Machine Learning Models to Predict Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Chinese Adolescents.
Li J, Wang Y, Wang F … +4 more , Zhang R, Wang N, Zhu Y, Zhao T
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40551876 · Full text
Current assessments of adolescent emotional and behavioral problems rely heavily on subjective reports, which are prone to biases. This study is the first to explore the potential of speech signals as objective markers...
Current assessments of adolescent emotional and behavioral problems rely heavily on subjective reports, which are prone to biases. This study is the first to explore the potential of speech signals as objective markers for predicting emotional and behavioral problems (hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and peer problems) in adolescents using machine learning techniques. We analyzed speech data from 8215 adolescents aged 12-18 years, extracting four categories of speech features: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), mel energy spectrum (MELS), prosodic features (PROS), and formant features (FORM). Machine learning models-logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT)-were employed to classify hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and peer problems as defined by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Model performance was assessed using area under the curve (AUC), F1-score, and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values. The GBDT model achieved the highest accuracy for predicting hyperactivity (AUC = 0.78) and emotional symptoms (AUC = 0.74 for males and 0.66 for females), while performance was weaker for conduct and peer problems. SHAP analysis revealed gender-specific feature importance patterns, with certain speech features being more critical for males than females. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using speech features to objectively predict emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents and identify gender-specific markers. This study lays the foundation for developing speech-based assessment tools for early identification and intervention, offering an objective alternative to traditional subjective evaluation methods.
Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Relationships of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Childhood Bullying Victimization Experiences.
Liu M, Liu A, Liu S … +2 more , Xu B, Wu X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40546685 · Full text
Individuals who have experienced bullying victimization often develop symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), depression, and anxiety, with these symptoms mutually influencing one another. This study...
Individuals who have experienced bullying victimization often develop symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), depression, and anxiety, with these symptoms mutually influencing one another. This study aims to explore the reciprocal relationships between CPTSD, depression, and anxiety among adolescents and emerging adults who have experienced childhood bullying victimization, from both variable-level and symptom-level perspectives. A total of 3945 adolescents and 2726 emerging adults with childhood bullying victimization experiences were measured 6-month interval in the study. All the participants completed the questionnaires assessing for bullying victimization, CPTSD, depression, and anxiety. The data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel analysis and cross-lagged network analysis. The cross-lagged panel analysis reveals that CPTSD more strongly and consistently predicts depression and anxiety, whereas the reverse influence is weaker across both groups. At the symptom level, for adolescents, "death" (in depression) influences "feel worthless" (in CPTSD) and "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD). Additionally, "death" (in depression) is more likely to predict subsequent symptoms, while "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD) is more frequently activated by other symptoms. In the emerging adults, some strong cross-lagged effects were observed, such as "motor" (in depression) to "traumatic dreams" (in CPTSD) and "worthless" (in depression) to "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD). In addition, "exaggerated startle" (in CPTSD) tends to predict symptoms, while "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD) is more frequently activated. Findings suggested that interventions alleviating "death" (in depression) among adolescents and "exaggerated startle" (in CPTSD) among emerging adults may improve overall mental health.
Impact of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Symptoms and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Young Adolescents From the General Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Piguet C, Celen Z, Meuleman B … +9 more , Schilliger Z, Magnus Smith M, Mendola E, Pham E, Jouabli S, Ivanova V, Murray RJ, Klauser P, Merglen A
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 40529112 · Full text
Adolescence is marked by major puberty-induced changes including increased reactivity to stress and a peak incidence of mental disorders. The implementation of early interventions during this developmental period is esse...
Adolescence is marked by major puberty-induced changes including increased reactivity to stress and a peak incidence of mental disorders. The implementation of early interventions during this developmental period is essential to prevent mental disorders. In this clinical trial, we examined the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on internalizing symptoms, affects, and emotion-regulation strategies in a nonclinical sample of young adolescents. Seventy adolescents (41 girls) from the general population, aged between 13 and 15 years, were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compared an 8-week MBI designed for adolescents and a waiting list. Levels of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, positive and negative affects, as well as emotion regulation strategies were measured before and after the intervention (4.8 weeks ± 4 SD) using self-reported questionnaires. We found no effect of our MBI on all self-reported measures, including stress, anxiety, depression, and positive and negative affects, as well as an emotion regulation strategies. Trait mindfulness was negatively correlated with measures of stress, anxiety, and negative affects. The intervention was very well accepted (only one dropout) with a high degree of satisfaction among participants. Individual responses to the intervention were very heterogeneous. Mindfulness practice in non-help-seeking adolescents was very well received, but did not show any benefit on symptoms, affects, or emotion regulation. This is consistent with the literature suggesting a better response in clinical than in nonclinical samples. Longer-term effects remain to be investigated, as does the possibility of identifying individuals who respond best to this early intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04711694.
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