Depress Anxiety [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Clinical and Treatment Characteristics of 3795 Adults Consecutively Hospitalized for Major Depressive Disorder in the OASIS-D Study.
Nöhles VB, Bermpohl F, Schoofs N … +25 more , Bathe-Peters R, Hilpert N, Dafsari FS, Reif-Leonhard C, Reif A, Schillo S, Arshad RS, Getty P, Falkai P, Schüle C, Wang E, Adli M, Papenfuß R, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Fritze S, Otte C, Piber D, Graumann L, Weyn-Banningh S, Bauer M, Lewitzka U, Spreer M, Clemens J, Rubarth K, Correll CU
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41347111 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and associated with high social and economic burden. Knowledge of characteristics of hospitalized adults with MDD can help identify clinical treatment and prevention...
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and associated with high social and economic burden. Knowledge of characteristics of hospitalized adults with MDD can help identify clinical treatment and prevention targets. METHODS: The multicenter "Patient Characteristics, Validity of Clinical Diagnoses and Outcomes Associated with Suicidality in Inpatients with Symptoms of Depression" (OASIS-D) study assessed characteristics of patients aged 18-75 years hospitalized between October 2020 and December 2024, who were admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit for MDD at eight German centers. Baseline illness-, treatment-, and suicidality-related characteristics of the overall sample are reported. RESULTS: Among 3795 patients (median age = 42.0, interquartile range [IQR] = 27.5-57.0 years; females = 53.9%) with MDD (severe episode = 75.3%, psychotic features = 7.9%; first episode = 34.9%; treatment-resistant depression [TRD] = 18.2%). Psychiatric comorbidities of MDD were present in 46.2% and included substance use disorder (18.9%), personality disorders (8.4%), stress/adjustment disorders (7.6%), and phobic/other anxiety disorders (6.6%). In 42.5%, the admission was prompted by a psychiatric emergency, primarily due to suicidality (35.0%), followed by stupor/refusal/intoxication/acute agitation (0.9%-1.5%), or danger to others/delirium (0.1%-0.3%). Overall, 72.0% of patients had active or passive suicidal thoughts, and 11.5% had attempted suicide within 2 weeks prior to admission. Furthermore, 83.9% had lifetime suicidal thoughts, and 36.0% had lifetime suicide attempts. Altogether, 76.8% had received outpatient psychiatric care within their lifetime (62.3% within 6 months), and 57.8% of patients had lifetime inpatient treatment for MDD. At admission, 71.6% of patients were prescribed psychiatric medications: antidepressants = 59.8%; antipsychotic = 25.1%, anxiolytics/hypnotics = 11.8%, and mood stabilizers = 8.6%. Additionally, 4.0% had previously received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The median hospitalization duration was 31.0 (IQR = 13.0, 57.0) days. CONCLUSION: Almost half of admissions in adults with MDD were considered emergencies, with 90% being related to suicidality, and only <60% received antidepressants at admission. These data underscore the need for early identification and treatment of adults with MDD, especially those with suicidality. Outcomes of this population required further study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04404309.
Shared and Unique Structural Covariance Connectivity in Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.
Du H, Gao F, Han Y … +8 more , Xiao C, Li Q, Zhang D, Wang Z, Yu Q, Cai S, Fan J, Zhu X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41347110 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent clinical phenomenon, which is associated with greater symptom severity, suicide risk, and poorer treat...
BACKGROUND: The comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent clinical phenomenon, which is associated with greater symptom severity, suicide risk, and poorer treatment outcomes. However, the neural basis of this comorbidity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the common and unique neural basis of comorbidity compared with OCD and MDD alone. METHODS: A total of 67 patients with comorbid OCD and MDD, 89 patients with OCD alone, 94 patients with MDD alone, and 94 healthy controls (HCs) completed the acquisition of T1-weighted structural images and were included in the present study. The gray matter volume of each brain region in the AAL116 atlas was calculated, based on which the structural covariance between each pair of brain regions was measured. One-way ANCOVA were performed to explore the structural covariance differences among the four groups. RESULTS: Compared with HC, patients with comorbidity and patients with OCD or MDD alone showed some common altered structural connections ( < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR] correction). Patients with comorbidity showed unique altered correlation strength of gray matter volume between left cerebelum_crus1 and left orbital frontal cortex (OFC), left Rolandic operculum, right rectus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left and right fusiform gyrus (FG), left Heschl gyrus, left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and left cerebelum_crus2; these 10 connections were also significantly different when comparing comorbidity with OCD and MDD separately ( < 0.05, FDR correction). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with OCD or MDD alone, comorbidity showed both common and unique altered structural covariant connections of gray matter structure. The unique structural connections observed in comorbidity were concentrated between the cerebellum and other brain regions. These findings highlight the crucial role of the cerebellum in the neural basis of comorbid OCD and MDD.
Music Therapy Modulates Abnormal Brain Networks and Alleviates Anxiety Symptoms in University Students: An fNIRS Study.
Liang L, Zhu Y, Zheng Z … +4 more , Ma H, Cai X, Yang H, Wang F
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41321481 · Full text
Anxiety's prevalence is increasing, making it a widespread mental health concern. However, scale-based diagnostic methods have limitations. Music therapy helps regulate emotions and alleviate anxiety symptoms. Functional...
Anxiety's prevalence is increasing, making it a widespread mental health concern. However, scale-based diagnostic methods have limitations. Music therapy helps regulate emotions and alleviate anxiety symptoms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a novel approach to diagnosing mental disorders by measuring changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) in the superficial layers of the brain, thereby reflecting brain activation. This is the first study to use fNIRS to examine the impact of music therapy on anxiety. fNIRS was used to measure changes in HbO and HbR in the superficial brain regions of individuals with anxiety symptoms to evaluate music therapy effectiveness and identify brain regions associated with anxiety. This study recruited 83 participants: 17 comprised the healthy control group, and 66 comprised the anxiety group. The anxiety group was divided into an intervention group (34 participants) and a waiting-list group (32 participants). The intervention group underwent 12 music therapy sessions and exhibited significant changes compared with the waiting group. These changes included connectivity between Wernicke's area and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as well as the visual association cortex and Broca's triangular area. These results suggested that the connectivity characteristics of these brain regions were associated with anxiety. Music therapy significantly improved brain network connectivity characteristics in individuals with anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, fNIRS indicators could serve as biomarkers for the auxiliary identification of anxiety symptoms, aiding early identification and intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05648539.
Depression Recognition Using Machine Learning Algorithms With Eye Tracking, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Auditory P300 Among Chinese Medical Students.
Liu R, Yan J, Qin S … +9 more , Luo P, Chen Y, Yang L, Ji G, Wang C, Huang X, Wang F, Meng Y, Wei Y
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41321480 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Current assessment of depression primarily relies on psychological scales. Although the use of machine learning in depression has grown, limited reports are available on multiple neurophysiological measuremen...
BACKGROUND: Current assessment of depression primarily relies on psychological scales. Although the use of machine learning in depression has grown, limited reports are available on multiple neurophysiological measurements. We employed machine learning algorithms incorporating eye tracking, visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and auditory P300 to classify depression among Chinese medical students. METHODS: A total of 66 students with depression and 72 matched controls were recruited; eye tracking, VEPs, and auditory P300 data were collected. Descriptive analyses and group comparisons were performed between the depression and control groups. Then, multivariate logistic regression (LR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between eye tracking, VEPs, and auditory P300 features and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Furthermore, the study employed six classifiers to differentiate between depression and nondepression. Five-fold cross-validation was employed. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), precision, accuracy, recall, and F1 score. We applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to explain the model. RESULTS: Depression group was characterized by lower response search scores, higher values, and prolonged P100 latencies in both eyes. No significant differences were observed in auditory P300 features. Random forest (RF) classifier demonstrated superior classification performance relative to the other five machine learning algorithms. Models utilizing combined features showed enhanced performance compared with those based solely on eye tracking or VEP features. Utilizing the SHAP method, we identified that P100 latency in the right eye was the most significant feature across all machine learning models. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medical students with depression exhibited reduced responsive search scores and extended P100 latencies, suggesting impairments in attention and visual information processing associated with depression. The combined eye tracking and VEPs proved to be more effective than single features for distinguishing depression and nondepression. P100 latency in the right eye may be the most significant predictor of depression.
Effects of Smartphone Use on Sleep and Mental Health in Young Adults: Going Beyond Self-Report.
Bild E, Rossa KR, Edmed SL … +7 more , Pattinson CL, Mann DL, Sullivan KA, Salmon PM, Gadam S, Srinivasan AG, Smith SS
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41321479 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Poor sleep has been associated with mental health concerns such as anxiety and depression. Prior evidence suggests that smartphone use may be a factor in poor sleep and mental ill-health in young adults, thou...
BACKGROUND: Poor sleep has been associated with mental health concerns such as anxiety and depression. Prior evidence suggests that smartphone use may be a factor in poor sleep and mental ill-health in young adults, though most studies have relied on self-reported measures of smartphone use and sleep, which can be unreliable. This study used objective and subjective measures to examine the relationship between time spent using smartphones, sleep duration, quality, regularity, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of self-selected poor sleepers. METHODS: Participants ( = 99; 70.7% female) wore an actigraph for 2 weeks to assess their habitual nightly sleep duration and regularity. Their average daily smartphone screen use was collected over 1 week with a smartphone application. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess sleep quality and mental health symptoms. RESULTS: No statistically significant associations were found between objective smartphone screen use and any sleep or mental health variables. Sleep disturbance, sleep-related daytime impairment, anxiety, and depression were positively correlated. However, regression models identified that only sleep-related daytime impairment explained unique variance in anxiety and depression when adjusted for sleep disturbance and duration, gender, age, and screen time. LIMITATIONS: Specific timing of smartphone screen use (e.g., evening use) and/or application content were not collected as part of this study. CONCLUSIONS: These results conflict with prior evidence demonstrating negative relationships between self-reported smartphone screen use, sleep, and mental health. Further research incorporating objective measurement of smartphone screen use, focusing on critical periods for sleep, may provide a more nuanced picture of this relationship. Results also demonstrate the differing roles of night-time sleep disturbance and daytime sleep-related impairment in mental health. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12621000132842.
Corrigendum to "Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Depression in Working-Age Individuals, 1990-2019".
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41293084 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/4747449.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/4747449.].
Depressive Tendency Biases Ensemble Perception of Emotional Faces.
Lin Z, Gong M, Chen Y … +1 more , Sheng H
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41293083 · Full text
Previous studies have shown that individuals with depression have an impaired ability in encoding single facial expressions. However, little is known about how depressive tendencies-subclinical emotional distress that ma...
Previous studies have shown that individuals with depression have an impaired ability in encoding single facial expressions. However, little is known about how depressive tendencies-subclinical emotional distress that may progress to clinical depression-affect the perception of the average emotion of multiple faces. To address this question, the current study investigated whether depressive tendencies affect explicit or implicit ensemble perception of emotion. In Study 1, participants viewed sets of four emotionally varying faces (ranging from angry to happy) for 2000 or 50 ms, then judged if a subsequent test face was angrier than the average emotion of the preceding set. Results showed that the high depressive symptom (HDS) group had a point of subjective equality (PSE) more biased toward anger compared to the low depressive symptom (LDS) group when exposure time was 2000 ms. However, this difference disappeared when the time was shortened to 50 ms. In Study 2, we assessed the automatic perception of ensemble emotion by requiring participants to judge whether a probe face was a member of the preceding set, a task that does not explicitly demand averaging. Results indicated that the HDS and LDS groups had a similar likelihood of misidentifying the set mean as a member under both 2000 and 50 ms conditions, indicating a comparable automatic coding of ensemble emotion. Together, the current research demonstrates that depressive tendencies can bias ensemble coding for emotional faces at explicit level but not at implicit level.
Correction to "Associations between Predictors of PTSD and Psychosocial Functioning in Veterans: Results from a Longitudinal Assessment Study".
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41281439 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/9719635.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2024/9719635.].
Associations Among in-The-Moment Emotional Clarity, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Hohensee N, Bischof C, Dietel FA … +3 more , Klein N, Doebler P, Buhlmann U
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41281438 · Full text
Past research showed that lower emotional clarity (EC) was associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) and psychopathology, such as obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder (OCD). However, most of these studies us...
Past research showed that lower emotional clarity (EC) was associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) and psychopathology, such as obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder (OCD). However, most of these studies used single time-point, retrospective self-reports. Next to high risk for recall biases and low ecological validity, this assessment method is only able to capture between-person differences (i.e., individuals generally high vs. low in EC). It therefore neglects temporal variations in EC and resulting within-person differences (i.e., moments with higher-than-usual vs. lower-than-usual EC within one individual). To address this gap, our study uses intensive longitudinal data based on a 6-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design with up to six measurements daily. In total, = 72 individuals diagnosed with OCD and = 54 mentally healthy controls (HCs) reported on EC, ER behavior, and OC symptoms. Our results confirm that EC was significantly lower in individuals with OCD, even when controlling for baseline depression. Furthermore, lower within-person EC was associated with a higher number of used avoidance-oriented ER strategies, a lower number of engagement-oriented ER strategies and lower ER effectiveness. Surprisingly, these associations were more pronounced in the control (vs. OCD) group. In individuals with OCD, results indicated a negative concurrent (but not subsequent) association between EC and OC symptoms. Explanations for nonsignificant findings and possible implications for the role of EC in OCD are discussed.
Patterns of Sleep Quality and Their Associations With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A Latent Class Analysis.
Bai S, Chen W, Li Q … +3 more , Zhao J, Qi D, Zang S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41281437 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Sleep problem among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients has emerged as a pressing health problem. This study aimed to explore different sleep quality patterns and their associations with depressive and anxi...
BACKGROUND: Sleep problem among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients has emerged as a pressing health problem. This study aimed to explore different sleep quality patterns and their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among CHD patients. METHODS: This study included 691 CHD patients from China and was conducted in 2023. Basic demographic characteristics, sleep quality, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were collected. Latent class analysis (LCA) and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify sleep quality patterns and to explore the associations between these patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS: Among the patients, 62.81% reported depressive symptoms and 48.48% had anxiety symptoms. Four sleep quality patterns were identified: "Good sleep group" (55.57%), "Inefficient short sleep group" (14.33%), "Poor sleep group" (8.68%), and "Disturbed sleep group" (21.42%). Compared to the "Good sleep group," both "Disturbed sleep group" (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 2.76-6.97) and "Poor sleep group" (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 2.02-7.61) exhibited high depressive symptoms, with "Inefficient short sleep group" also showing increased depressive symptoms (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.54-4.02). For anxiety symptoms, "Poor sleep group" (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.64-5.12), "Disturbed sleep group" (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.60-3.47), and "Inefficient short sleep group" (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.35-3.31) all exhibited elevated levels of anxiety symptoms. These associations remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical role of sleep quality in the mental health of CHD patients, identifying specific sleep quality patterns associated with higher risks of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Improving sleep quality may serve as an effective approach to alleviating these mental health symptoms, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions to enhance well-being of CHD patients.
Role of Family Decision-Making and Perceived Social Support in the Mental Health of Mothers of Infants in Rural Western China.
Xian X, Wu Y, Liu L … +5 more , Darmstadt GL, Weber AM, Rule A, Luo C, Zhou H
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41281436 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The mental health of mothers has an important impact on both the growth and development of infants and on the health of mothers themselves. Family decision-making may play an important role in mother's mental...
BACKGROUND: The mental health of mothers has an important impact on both the growth and development of infants and on the health of mothers themselves. Family decision-making may play an important role in mother's mental health, yet little research has explored the relationship. This paper explores the association and influential pathways between family decision-making and mental health among mothers of infants in rural western China. METHODS: : Mothers with infants aged 0-6 months in four impoverished counties of a predominantly rural province in southwestern China were enrolled in 2021 from the control group of a cluster-randomized trial using a multistage sampling method and followed up 6 months later. Information on family decision-making, perceived social support, and maternal mental health was collected through household interviews. Causal mediation analysis was employed to explore the association between family decision-making and mental health, and a four-item decomposition was used to explore the control direct effect of family decision-making on mental health, the pure mediation effect of perceived social support, and the possible interaction between exposure and mediation. RESULTS: Baseline data was collected on 444 mother-infant pairs and 331 were followed up 6 months later. After controlling for the set of confounding factors indicated by our causal framework, the results of longitudinal causal mediation analyses showed that family decision-making was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress after controlling for confounding factors ( : -1.323, -0.928, and -1.351, respectively). Perceived social support played a proportional mediating role in each of the above associations (pure indirect effects of 22.33%, 22.60%, and 27.02%, respectively), while interaction effects were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Family decision-making had a direct negative effect on maternal depression, anxiety, and stress, and perceived social support played a mediating role. These findings can be used to guide future interventions to improve maternal mental health and healthy child development in rural China.
Mood Symptoms are Associated With Cognitive Status, Brain Amyloid-Beta Deposition, and Plasma Biomarkers.
Wang J, Huang L, Sun L … +3 more , Guo Q, He Y, Jing Y
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41281435 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated an association between mood symptoms and cognitive decline in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the brain, which is a core pathological cha...
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated an association between mood symptoms and cognitive decline in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the brain, which is a core pathological characteristic of AD, along with the presence of plasma biomarkers, such as phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), constitutes an early predictive indicator for AD. We attempted to explore the relationship between mood symptoms and the presence of AD-related plasma biomarkers in patients with brain Aβ deposition. METHOD: We included 2612 participants aged ≥50 years (707 males; average age 66.98 ± 7.75 years) in this study. We used the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) to assess mood symptoms. Cognitive status was categorized into AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and normal cognition (NC). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare mood symptoms assessment scores in different cognitive groups after making adjustments for age, gender, and education. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between mood scores and plasma biomarker levels, adjusting for positivity in Aβ PET imaging. RESULTS: Compared to NC patients, patients with AD exhibited higher levels of depression (mean of 4.72 versus 3.39, < 0.05), whereas patients with SCD exhibited higher levels of anxiety (mean of 6.28 versus 4.26, < 0.05). After accounting for brain Aβ deposition and presence of plasma biomarkers, the plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels ( = 0.211, SE = 0.059, =0.001) were associated with HAMD scores. The plasma p-tau181 levels ( = 1.328, SE = 0.576, =0.025) were associated with HAMA scores. CONCLUSION: Plasma biomarkers have significant potential in predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms in individuals with brain Aβ deposition. This can aid the early clinical diagnosis and intervention of AD.
The Population Based Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Psychiatric Conditions.
Kao CY, Huang TH, Kao CH … +3 more , Huang JY, Kao CT, Hsieh YH
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41262297 · Full text
BACKGROUND: This study investigates the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. OSA, characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, contributes...
BACKGROUND: This study investigates the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. OSA, characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, contributes to brain damage and emotional regulation issues, which may predispose individuals to psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The research focuses on understanding the heightened risks of these disorders in OSA patients to inform clinical interventions. To assess the risk differences for psychiatric disorders in patients with OSA compared to those without OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study utilized a retrospective cohort design, analyzing de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) from the TriNetX US Network. Data from 7,079,095 individuals (aged 18-65 years) were included. After exclusion (prior psychiatric disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, central sleep apnea, pregnancy, or death before index date), 368,125 OSA patients and 4,396,092 non-OSA individuals remained eligible. Following propensity score matching (PSM), 360,708 patients per group were analyzed. divided into OSA (368,125 patients) and non-OSA (4,396,092 patients) cohorts. PSM (360,708 patients per group) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the 8-year risk of newly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Patients with OSA showed significantly higher cumulative probabilities for psychiatric disorders over 8 years: depressive disorders: 27.4% in OSA patients vs. 15.8% in non-OSA patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.913). Anxiety disorders: 37.4% in OSA patients vs. 25.4% in non-OSA patients (HR: 1.663). Bipolar disorder: increased risk in OSA patients (HR: 1.885). Schizophrenia: minimal differences between groups (HR: 0.971). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger individuals and those with higher BMI were at greater risk for psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION: OSA significantly elevates the risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. These findings emphasize the need for targeted screening and management strategies for high-risk populations, including younger and overweight individuals.
The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Limitations in Physical Functioning.
Meshkat S, Lin Q, Tassone VK … +3 more , Y M Pang H, Lou W, Bhat V
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41256911 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Depression, a prevalent mood disorder, is often accompanied by considerable functional impairment. Its relationship with specific physical functioning domains and potential variations by symptom type or sex,...
BACKGROUND: Depression, a prevalent mood disorder, is often accompanied by considerable functional impairment. Its relationship with specific physical functioning domains and potential variations by symptom type or sex, however, has not been fully clarified. This study investigates these associations, paying particular attention to overall severity, sex differences, and cognitive-affective versus somatic symptom dimensions. METHODS: Data were drawn from 31,336 adults who participated in the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Mental Health-Depression Screener (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), while functional outcomes were based on the Physical Functioning questionnaire (PFQ). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine associations. RESULTS: Of all participants, 2534 (7.09%) met criteria for depressive symptoms. These individuals demonstrated markedly greater odds of functional limitations across multiple domains. The strongest association was observed for limitations in leisure and social activities (LSAs; aOR = 8.04; 95% CI = 6.68-9.67), while the weakest was for lower extremity mobility (LEM; aOR = 4.51; 95% CI = 3.53-5.76). Each incremental increase in PHQ-9 score was linked to higher odds of limitations, including 21% greater odds for LSAs (95% CI = 1.19-1.24) and 16% for LEM (95% CI = 1.14-1.19). Sex-stratified analyses suggested that females reported fewer impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), LEM, and general physical activities (GPAs) than males. Cognitive-affective and somatic subscales both showed the strongest associations with LSAs (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.30-1.40; and aOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.37-1.44, respectively) and the weakest with LEM (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.21-1.29; and aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.27-1.37, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms are consistently and strongly related to physical functioning difficulties, with variations across symptom domains and sex. Future studies should explore underlying mechanisms and validate these findings.
Navigating the Nexus of Food Insecurity, Anxiety, and Depression in the Face of Climate Change: A Longitudinal Study in Rural Kenya.
Goodman M, Raimer-Goodman L, McPherson HMH … +5 more , Woldu D, Sharma S, Ramphul R, Mukiri F, Maigallo A
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41244031 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to address critical gaps in understanding the bidirectional relationships between food insecurity, anxiety, and depression in Meru County, Kenya. By employing a cross-lagged panel analysis, we...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to address critical gaps in understanding the bidirectional relationships between food insecurity, anxiety, and depression in Meru County, Kenya. By employing a cross-lagged panel analysis, we seek to clarify these temporal dynamics, contributing to the design of targeted interventions that integrate food security and mental health in the context of climate change. METHODS: A cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using data from 362 adult participants in a community-based empowerment program (2023) in Meru County, Kenya. Participants completed self-report measures of food insecurity, anxiety, and depression at two time points, 11 weeks apart. RESULTS: Food insecurity (T1) predicted subsequent anxiety and depression (T2), controlling for within-variable, within-time, and control-variable correlations. Village-level food insecurity (T1) was correlated with significantly higher anxiety (T2). Additionally, anxiety (T1) predicted higher subsequent food insecurity (T2). CONCLUSION: Food insecurity and anxiety have a complex bidirectional relationship. Interventions that address food security, mental health, and the psychosocial factors that promote adaptation to food-insecure environments are essential for promoting the well-being of individuals and communities in the face of climate change.
Differential Associations of Anticipatory and Consummatory Anhedonia With Depression and Social Anxiety Symptoms: A Network Analysis of University Students.
Rajesh S, Johnson SU, Hoffart A … +2 more , Leigh E, Ebrahimi OV
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41210928 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Depression and social anxiety are frequently co-occurring conditions that significantly impact young people. Anhedonia may be important to consider in early interventions for these conditions, but the roles o...
BACKGROUND: Depression and social anxiety are frequently co-occurring conditions that significantly impact young people. Anhedonia may be important to consider in early interventions for these conditions, but the roles of specific dimensions of anhedonia-anticipatory and consummatory-are not well understood. This study explored the symptom connectivity of depression and social anxiety in university students, focusing on how the two dimensions of anhedonia relate to symptoms of both conditions. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional network analysis of data from 672 university students (19-24 years). A Gaussian graphical model was used to investigate the relationship between anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia and symptoms of depression and social anxiety. RESULTS: Anticipatory anhedonia was distinctively connected with specific depression nodes ( and ) and social anxiety nodes ( and ). Consummatory anhedonia was related to a wider range of depression nodes (, and ) and all social anxiety nodes. Both dimensions of anhedonia demonstrated strong bridge expected influence (EI), alongside and , highlighting their relevance to both social anxiety and depression nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings refine our understanding of the psychopathology of depressive and social anxiety symptoms in young people and exemplify the importance of distinguishing the dimensions of anhedonia. Given its transdiagnostic associations, anhedonia may be important to account for in early interventions for depression and social anxiety. Future research should incorporate clinical samples and longitudinal data.
Association of Dietary Diversity Trajectories With Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Older Adults: Findings From a Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Ding Q, Jia T, Sun Z … +7 more , Feng Y, Wang Q, Huang Q, Sun X, Han W, Kou C, Bai W
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41210927 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Dietary diversity has been found to be related to depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between the trajectory of dietary diversity score (DDS) and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults remains...
OBJECTIVE: Dietary diversity has been found to be related to depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between the trajectory of dietary diversity score (DDS) and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults remains unclear. METHODS: The longitudinal dataset of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2018 was used to identify the DDS trajectory among older adults over 65 years old by latent class growth analysis. DDS and depressive symptoms were measured using the food frequency questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10, respectively. The logistic regression model was used to explore the association between the DDS trajectory and depressive symptoms measured in 2018, and network analysis was used to explore the inter-relationships of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 1549 participants were included. This study identified two different DDS trajectories: "persistent high DDS trajectory" and "low but slowly rising DDS trajectory." After adjusting the covariates, participants with a low but slowly rising DDS trajectory had a higher risk of having depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 1.71 [1.34-2.18], 0.001). Comparisons of network structures of depressive symptoms in different DDS trajectories showed that local difference was found in edge CESD2-CESD6 (difficulty with concentrating-feeling nervous/fearful), and the central symptom in both groups was CESD3 "feeling blue/depressed." CONCLUSION: Maintaining high dietary diversity is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. Educational campaigns highlighting the importance of dietary diversity could be implemented for this population to lower depression risk and promote healthy aging.
Researcher-Rated "Snapshots" of Stress: Initial Validation of Two Stress Assessment Approaches and Their Relationship to Internalizing Symptoms.
Cole E, Corneau G, Grillo AR … +1 more , Vrshek-Schallhorn S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41210926 · Full text
Extant questionnaire measures of stress frequently conflate stress exposure and response and can be confounded by factors such as trait neuroticism; by contrast, contextual interviews target stress exposure but require s...
Extant questionnaire measures of stress frequently conflate stress exposure and response and can be confounded by factors such as trait neuroticism; by contrast, contextual interviews target stress exposure but require significant resources that are a barrier to swift data collection. We reasoned that it may be possible to use researcher-rated "snapshots" of brief participant-written descriptions of stress to obtain similar independence from trait neuroticism as interviews do, even though such an approach would not provide all the benefits of interview measures. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of this novel stress assessment approach using both researcher and self-report ratings, in part by examining the contribution of these indicators of stress to internalizing subfacets. Adults ( = 378) reported on their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (May-June, 2020) using two measures that covered 11 life domains (~4158 ratings per measure). Inter-rater reliability for researcher ratings of participant stressor descriptions was good, and both self-rated perceived stress and researcher-rated stress had significantly smaller correlations with neuroticism compared to a traditional perceived stress measure, indicating favorable discriminant validity. Both approaches generated acceptable two-factor (interpersonal and noninterpersonal) structures. Interpersonal and noninterpersonal self- and researcher-rated stress were associated with internalizing facets, with some variation. These results provide initial evidence that two novel and rapid methods of measuring stress retain certain appealing properties of life stress interviews (LSIs), for occasions in which interviews are not feasible.
Postpartum Women's Childhood Trauma and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: A Network Analysis.
Wang Y, Huang W, Xu X … +1 more , Gu J
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41210925 · Full text
BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition of the connection between childhood trauma and postpartum depressive symptoms. However, the specific patterns and complex relationships among them remain largely unclear. This stu...
BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition of the connection between childhood trauma and postpartum depressive symptoms. However, the specific patterns and complex relationships among them remain largely unclear. This study employs network analysis to dissect the intricate associations between postpartum women's childhood trauma and postpartum depressive symptoms, aiming to lay a foundation for targeted interventions. METHODS: A total of 625 mothers who were undergoing the 42-day postpartum checkups participated in this research. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Using network analysis, we constructed a network model, calculated the expected influence (EI) and bridge EI (BEI) of nodes, and estimated the network's stability and accuracy. RESULTS: The findings indicate that E8 (I have felt sad or miserable), C14 (Family said hurtful or insulting things to me), and C13 (Family looked out for each other) exhibited the greatest EI within the network. Meanwhile, E10 (The thought of harming myself has occurred to me), C14 (Family said hurtful or insulting things to me), and C3 (People in my family called me things like "stupid," "lazy," or "ugly") emerged as the crucial bridge symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study uses network analysis to reveal the complex relationship between childhood trauma and postpartum depression (PPD). It highlights that hurtful childhood family remarks play a crucial role in this complex web and that early-life psychological traumas are reflected in postpartum self-harm tendencies. The findings enable healthcare providers to create targeted interventions.
Transdiagnostic Neuroimaging of Depressive and Psychotic Disorders: Applications and Methods.
Stoyanov D, Calhoun VD, Northoff G
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41195226 · Full text
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