Depress Anxiety [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Error-Related Brain Potentials as Biomarkers of Pathology Severity and Treatment Resistance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Wassouf I, Vibert N, Dampuré J … +4 more , Doolub D, Harika-Germaneau G, Langbour N, Jaafari N
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41659065 · Full text
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition that varies considerably in severity and resistance to treatment. The aim of this study was to identify error detection abnormalities in OCD patients using e...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition that varies considerably in severity and resistance to treatment. The aim of this study was to identify error detection abnormalities in OCD patients using evoked potential recordings and to determine whether links could be established between individual patients' error detection processes and their severity and resistance to treatment. To answer this question, the potentials evoked by participants' responses to a flanker task, i.e., the error-related negativity (ERN/CRN component) and subsequent positivity (Pe/Pc component), were recorded. Twenty-six OCD patients with a wide range of pathology severity and treatment resistance and 26 control participants matched for gender, age, and education level with the patients were included in the study. The amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN) evoked by false responses was positively correlated with the severity of patients' pathology, while the lower the amplitude of the negativity evoked by correct responses (CRN), the more resistant patients were to treatment. The ERN/CRN components could therefore be used as markers of the severity and treatment resistance of OCD patients' pathology. Furthermore, under the present experimental conditions, the positive Pe/Pc component, supposed to reflect patients' awareness of the correctness of their responses, was virtually absent compared to control participants. This suggests a major deficit in the patients' monitoring of the consequences of their actions. The discovery of this disappearance of action feedback signals in patients leads to proposing an original neurodevelopmental model for the onset of pathology in childhood or adolescence.
Effects of Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on Long-Term Quality of Life: A Causal Mediation Analysis Across Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms.
Esteller-Collado G, Carpallo-González M, Prieto-Vila M … +7 more , Jurado-González F, Gálvez-Lara M, Ruíz-Rodríguez P, González-Blanch C, Moriana JA, Cano-Vindel A, Muñoz-Navarro R
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41659064 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Anxiety and depression significantly impair quality of life (QoL) in primary care (PC) patients. While transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (TD-CBT) is effective, the mechanisms underlying its long...
INTRODUCTION: Anxiety and depression significantly impair quality of life (QoL) in primary care (PC) patients. While transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (TD-CBT) is effective, the mechanisms underlying its long-term impact on QoL remain unclear. This study examined whether changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms mediate the effect of TD-CBT on QoL at 12-month follow-up. METHODS: Data were used from the "Psychology in Primary Care" trial (PsicAP, from its Spanish acronym), which included 1061 PC patients with anxiety and depression, randomised to TD-CBT plus treatment-as-usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. QoL was measured at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Path analyses using structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to study direct and indirect effects, controlling for baseline scores and gender. RESULTS: TD-CBT significantly reduced anxiety and depression immediately post-treatment compared to TAU. The only significant indirect effect on 12-month QoL across all dimensions operated sequentially through sustained reductions in depressive symptoms. No significant mediation was found via anxiety symptoms. No specific temporal sequence of symptom improvement mediating QoL was identified. DISCUSSION: TD-CBT improves anxiety and depressive symptoms at post-treatment; nevertheless, long-term QoL improvement occurs primarily through sustained reduction in depressive symptoms and through the direct effects of treatment itself. These findings support the implementation of TD-CBT in PC to achieve lasting functional recovery, highlighting the crucial role of addressing and sustaining improvements in depression.
Mnemonic Discrimination Performance in Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review.
Kaszás A, Kéri S
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41648850 · Full text
Anxiety disorders and depression are the most frequently diagnosed mental illnesses and are highly comorbid. Both have been linked to memory impairments, albeit the relationship between them remains unclear and understud...
Anxiety disorders and depression are the most frequently diagnosed mental illnesses and are highly comorbid. Both have been linked to memory impairments, albeit the relationship between them remains unclear and understudied. Our review aims to investigate behavioral pattern separation performance in individuals with varying levels of anxiety and depression. We included studies where mnemonic discrimination performance is measured using mnemonic discrimination tasks designed to directly measure behavioral pattern separation, while symptoms of anxiety and/or depression are assessed using any validated and recognized scales or inventories. We only included quantitative studies. Fixed scientific databases and artificial intelligence were systematically searched, identifying nine studies on anxiety and 14 on depression. Anxiety studies presented conflicting evidence, but a trend showed optimal mnemonic discrimination with threat-based encoding and safe retrieval. Conversely, depression studies consistently suggested a negative relationship between symptom severity and pattern separation performance. Additionally, pattern separation appeared enhanced for negative stimuli and impaired for neutral stimuli in individuals with higher levels of depression. However, no clear differences were observed between clinically diagnosed groups and healthy controls. Methodological inconsistencies in anxiety studies present challenges for interpretation. Similarly, the effects of medication and the heterogeneity of clinical groups pose limitations to depression studies. Trends were identified, but further investigation with unified methodologies and clinical groups is needed to understand the relationship between anxiety, depression, and mnemonic discrimination performance.
Correction to "A Systematic Review of Factors Associated With Treatment Engagement and Outcome for Women in the Perinatal Period Receiving Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma-Related Disorders".
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41640861 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/da/3698331.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/da/3698331.].
The Effect of Family Functioning on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model.
Jiayuan Z, Hui Z, Yang L … +1 more , Yuqiu Z
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41635674 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Family dysfunction and insecure attachment are established risk factors for adolescent depressive symptoms, yet individual differences in sensory processing may influence vulnerability to these environmental...
BACKGROUND: Family dysfunction and insecure attachment are established risk factors for adolescent depressive symptoms, yet individual differences in sensory processing may influence vulnerability to these environmental stressors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating role of insecure attachment and the moderating effect of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) in the relationship between family functioning and adolescent depressive symptoms. METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional design, with 503 adolescents recruited via convenience sampling in October 2023. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing family functioning, insecure attachment, SPS, and depressive symptoms. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct moderated mediation analyses to examine the complex interactions among these variables. RESULTS: The results showed that family functioning was directly associated with adolescent depressive symptoms and also was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through insecure attachment. Additionally, SPS was found to statistically moderate both the direct and indirect pathways. Specifically, the negative association between poor family functioning and depressive symptoms and the statistical mediating pathway through insecure attachment were more pronounced in adolescents with higher SPS. CONCLUSION: Impaired family functioning and insecure attachment were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in adolescents. SPS appeared to strengthen these associations, highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in sensory sensitivity when addressing adolescent mental health. Tailoring interventions to strengthen family support and attachment security, especially for adolescents with heightened SPS, may help mitigate the risk of depressive symptoms. This study emphasizes the need for family-centered interventions to foster resilience against adolescent depressive symptoms.
Sustaining Recovery After Low-Intensity Treatment for Anxiety and Depression in NHS Talking Therapies: A Multiphase Participatory and Consensus-Building Study of Stakeholder Priorities and Recommendations.
Nawaz S, Bee P, Faija C
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41624112 · Full text
Anxiety and depression affect over 500 million people globally. Despite the availability of effective low-cost treatments, like those provided by NHS talking therapies (TT), over half of patients relapse within a year, h...
Anxiety and depression affect over 500 million people globally. Despite the availability of effective low-cost treatments, like those provided by NHS talking therapies (TT), over half of patients relapse within a year, highlighting the need to co-develop solutions to maintain wellbeing and optimise healthcare. This study used a multiphase participatory design to synthesise evidence on relapse prevention and collaboratively develop evidence-informed strategies for sustained mental health following low-intensity treatment. The three-phase project began by synthesising evidence from diverse sources. Phase 2 involved two patient and two NHS professional/key stakeholder co-design workshops, using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. A sustained patient and public involvement (PPI) group reviewed and refined findings, co-designing content for phase 3, which involved a mixed-stakeholder online meeting to finalise key recommendations and priorities. Phase 1 identified 41 evidence-based solutions for rating during phase 2. Across the four phase 2 workshops ( = 18), 24 solutions were rated as appropriate and necessary and ranked for priorities. These were refined with the PPI group into 13 core recommendations. These recommendations were incorporated into a relapse prevention model during the final workshop, forming a foundation to enhance post-treatment support and inform clinical practice, service design, workforce training and policy. Preventing relapse and supporting wellbeing are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing health inequalities. Identifying priorities across multiple levels lays the groundwork for a robust relapse prevention model that promotes sustained recovery. Future research should implement and evaluate the feasibility and impact of these recommendations in routine care.
Major Depressive Disorder With Versus Without Psychosocial Triggers: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study.
Xiao C, Wu S, Shi L … +8 more , Li T, Duan Y, Yu X, Wang G, Zhu G, Zhang K, Cao J, Wei J
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41573124 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined differences in symptom presentation and antidepressant response between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with and without psychosocial triggers. METHODS: This was a seco...
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined differences in symptom presentation and antidepressant response between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with and without psychosocial triggers. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, multistage prospective cohort study conducted at nine top tertiary hospitals across six provinces/municipalities in China. The cohort included patients with first-episode MDD, with or without psychosocial triggers, who received one of six selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). RESULTS: Of 359 enrolled patients with first-episode MDD, 303 (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [10.1] years; 201 [66.8%] women) were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences in network structure ( = 0.40; = 0.97) or global strength (global strength difference [GS] = 0.483; = 0.91) between the two groups. However, network analyses identified distinct core and influential bridge symptoms: psychic anxiety (node strength [Str] = 2.161; bridge strength [BStr] = 1.908) and somatic anxiety (Str = 2.142; BStr = 1.664) in the MDD with psychosocial triggers group, while depressed mood (Str = 3.114; BStr = 2.793) and genital symptoms (Str = 3.085; BStr = 3.085) in the group without psychosocial triggers. There were no significant differences in response rates at all visits. Median time to first response was 4.0 weeks in both groups (log-rank = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: While patients with MDD with and without psychosocial triggers shared broadly similar clinical profiles and SSRI responses, differences in symptom network architecture may have implications for individualized symptom monitoring and treatment strategies.
Associations of Social Jetlag With Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents and Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lu YA, Tsai PS
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41550113 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Adolescence and young age are pivotal periods for the emergence of mental health difficulties, marked by major changes in sleep patterns, including an increase in social jetlag (SJL). SJL is often associated...
BACKGROUND: Adolescence and young age are pivotal periods for the emergence of mental health difficulties, marked by major changes in sleep patterns, including an increase in social jetlag (SJL). SJL is often associated with inadequate sleep, shortened sleep, and greater daytime sleepiness, which could potentially lead to mental health problems. This review and meta-analysis examined the relationships between SJL, depression, and anxiety in this population. METHODS: A systematic search of CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science identified 14 studies (164,529 participants) examining the association of SJL with depression and anxiety. Pooled associations were calculated using Fisher's values within a random-effects model. We assessed heterogeneity with the statistic and conducted subgroup and meta-regression analyses to identify possible sources. The robustness of the results was evaluated through sensitivity analyses, and Egger's test was applied to examine the possibility of publication bias. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS: SJL was significantly and positively associated with depression (Fisher's = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-0.38) and anxiety (Fisher's = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.12-0.29). Social jetlag of 1-2 h and >2 h was significantly associated with increased odds of depression, with odds ratios of 1.12 (95% CI = 1.05-1.20) and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.73-2.02), respectively. CONCLUSION: This review's findings demonstrate a possible association between SJL and increased odds of depression and anxiety among adolescents and young people, highlighting the importance of addressing sleep-wake misalignment in this population. However, as the certainty of evidence was rated as very low, the results should be interpreted with caution.
A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults: Findings From an 8-Year Prospective China National Survey.
Chen MY, Sun HL, Feng Y … +6 more , Zhang Q, Su Z, Cheung T, Malgaroli M, Jackson T, Xiang YT
Depress Anxiety · 2026 · PMID 41510193 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Late-life depression (LLD) is a significant global public health challenge among older adults. Exploring central/influential symptoms with longitudinal study designs can enhance the efficacy of detection, ear...
BACKGROUND: Late-life depression (LLD) is a significant global public health challenge among older adults. Exploring central/influential symptoms with longitudinal study designs can enhance the efficacy of detection, early prevention, and interventions for LLD. This study aimed to identify key symptoms of LLD using a panel graphical vector autoregression (panel-GVAR) model based on longitudinal national survey data. METHODS: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2013 and 2020, encompassing four waves, were utilized to construct a longitudinal depressive symptom network. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). In expected influence (in-EI) and out expected influence (out-EI) were identified to characterize the interaction of symptoms within the temporal network, while expected influence (EI) was used to examine the interaction of symptoms in both the contemporaneous network and the between-subjects network. RESULTS: A total of 1393 older adults were assessed. A persistently significant increase in the prevalence of depression was observed over time. In the temporal network, "restless sleep" (CESD7) and "could not get going" (CESD10) were the most influential symptom and most influenced symptom, respectively. In both the contemporaneous network and the between-subjects network, "felt depressed" (CESD3) emerged as the most central symptom within the community of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Given the challenges associated with treating LLD and its adverse effects on daily life for older adults, timely interventions targeting identified key symptoms may help prevent and mitigate depression in this population.
Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among Graduate Students in Science and Technology: A Cross-Sectional Study With Multivariable Analysis.
Chapagai S, Banjade IP, Khanal SP
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425664 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Depression among graduate students is a growing concern, according to the WHO. However, existing literature lacks multivariable analysis focused specifically on the graduate student populations. This study ad...
BACKGROUND: Depression among graduate students is a growing concern, according to the WHO. However, existing literature lacks multivariable analysis focused specifically on the graduate student populations. This study addresses this gap by investigating the factors contributing to depressive symptoms among science and technology graduate students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted after ethics committee approval among 387 consenting graduate students selected using stratified random sampling from all 13 departments at the Institute of Science and Technology (IOST), Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire, verifying the outcome variable depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale (no/low depressive symptoms: 0-9 points; moderate/severe depressive symptoms: 10-27 points). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with moderate/severe depressive symptoms, calculating the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate/severe depressive symptoms among graduate students was 23% (95% CI: 19-27). Statistically significant ( < 0.05) associated factors were financial stress (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30-4.26), relationship dissolution (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.06-4.63), stressful assignments (OR: 5.09, 95% CI: 2.31-11.26), medium self-esteem (OR: 4.73, 95% CI: 2.43-9.18), and low self-esteem (OR: 10.21, 95% CI: 4.71-22.11). CONCLUSION: The unique contributors to depressive symptoms identified in this study through multivariable analysis, adjusting for confounding, emphasize the need for targeted mental health support among science and technology graduate students.
Interrelationships of Anxiety, Burnout, Depression, and Insomnia Among Chinese Healthcare Workers Exposed to Workplace Violence: A Network Analysis.
Xu H, Li Z, Wang X … +3 more , Wu M, Liu T, Wu Q
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425663 · Full text
Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a global public health concern. In China, HCWs face similar challenges; however, the impacts of WPV exposure on their mental health and occupational functioni...
Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a global public health concern. In China, HCWs face similar challenges; however, the impacts of WPV exposure on their mental health and occupational functioning remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the symptom network of anxiety, burnout, depression, and insomnia (ABDI) and adverse outcomes in Chinese HCWs exposed to WPV. From November 2023 to June 2024, 3361 HCWs with confirmed experiences of WPV were recruited across China through snowball sampling. WPV and ABDI were assessed using the Workplace Violence Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. Data on adverse personal outcomes (low quality of life [QOL] and suicidal ideation [SI]) and occupational outcomes (turnover intention [TI]) were collected. We constructed and visualized networks, calculating strength and bridge strength (BS) indices to identify central and bridge symptoms. In the ABDI network of WPV-exposed HCWs, exhaustion (EX) emerged as the most central and bridge symptom. Uncontrollable worry (GAD2) and difficulty staying asleep (ISI2) were also central symptoms, while fatigue (PHQ4) and restlessness (GAD5) were identified as secondary bridge symptoms. Disengagement (DEM) strongly predicted TI; EX and sleep dissatisfaction (ISI4) predicted low QOL; and SI was most strongly linked to worthless (PHQ6), motor disturbance (PHQ8), and feeling afraid (GAD7). This study highlights that EX may serve as a priority target for preventing and intervening in psychological distress among WPV-exposed HCWs, as well as for improving their QOL. Burnout extends beyond workplace-related issues and is broadly associated with mental health problems and adverse outcomes. Implementing early detection and intervention measures is crucial for preventing and alleviating adverse effects in HCWs exposed to WPV.
Brain Network Controllability and Its Regional Gene Expression Profile Associated With Suicidal Tendencies in Major Depressive Disorder Patients.
Liu X, He C, Fan D … +6 more , Liu S, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Xie C, Zhang X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425662 · Full text
Suicidality is the most severe sign of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, network-wide structural dynamics alterations and transcriptional patterns in MDD patients with suicidality remain unclear. A total of 124 p...
Suicidality is the most severe sign of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, network-wide structural dynamics alterations and transcriptional patterns in MDD patients with suicidality remain unclear. A total of 124 participants were recruited, including 31 MDD patients without suicidal ideation (MDDNSI), 34 MDD patients with suicidal ideation (MDDSI), 22 MDD patients with suicidal behavior (MDDSB), and 37 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed diffusion tensor imaging scans and suicidal assessment. Network-based statistics (NBSs) were used to compare differences in structural connectivity, while average network controllability (ANC) reflecting brain state dynamics was measured based on suicidality-based circuits. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules associated with neuroimaging phenotypes. Gene functions and cellular types in MDD patients were determined with enrichment analysis and cell-type-specific expression analysis. The results showed that in the suicidal ideation (SI) circuit, MDDSI patients represented decreased ANC compared to MDDNSI patients, with upregulated genes related to neuronal bundles and downregulated genes related to ribosomes. In the suicidal behavior (SB) circuit, MDDSB patients exhibited reduced ANC compared to MDDNSB patients, with upregulated genes associated with cytoplasmic pathways and positive regulation of signaling and downregulated genes related to synaptic signal transmission. Importantly, genes in both the SI circuit and SB circuit were enriched in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. The study highlights that the differential ANC of the SI network and the SB network exerts a distinctive influence on brain state trajectories in MDD patients and identifies the specific transcriptional pattern and cell types associated with brain regions related to SI or SB in depression.
MicroRNAs as Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder.
Li Q, Ling Y, Gu L … +5 more , Li L, Liu Y, Ma Y, Ma R, Chen M
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425661 · Full text
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally prevalent mental health condition with a complex pathogenesis and substantial disease burden. However, due to incomplete mechanistic understanding, existing therapeutic strat...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally prevalent mental health condition with a complex pathogenesis and substantial disease burden. However, due to incomplete mechanistic understanding, existing therapeutic strategies frequently yield suboptimal outcomes. This review synthesizes evidence establishing neuroinflammation as a central pathogenic mechanism of MDD, involving elevated proinflammatory cytokines, microglial M1 polarization, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and impaired neuroplasticity. Micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) are identified as master molecular regulators bridging neuroinflammation and MDD pathology with details of how specific dysregulated miRNAs orchestrate MDD processes by targeting key inflammatory pathways, directing microglial polarization states, mediating intercellular communication via exosomes, and modulating BBB integrity. Crucially, these miRNAs may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MDD. Building on this, we explore the potential of natural compounds as innovative miRNA-targeting therapeutics that can ameliorate neuroinflammation and restore neuroplasticity. Current challenges relating to clinical translation are discussed, including discordance between peripheral and brain miRNA profiles, species-specific miRNA functional variations, limited biomarker specificity across psychiatric disorders, the absence of standardized clinical reference ranges, and the need for more effective delivery systems. Overall, this review positions miRNA-mediated neuroinflammation regulation as a transformative frontier for MDD pathogenesis research and targeted treatment.
Longitudinal Pathways From Childhood Maltreatment to NSSI in Middle School Students With Depressive Symptoms: A Latent Change Score Analysis.
Li J, Zheng M, Bai R … +2 more , Xue D, Liu X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425660 · Full text
PURPOSE: Adolescents with depressive symptoms are particularly vulnerable and at higher risk for developing co-occurring mental health issues, such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study focused on adolescents ex...
PURPOSE: Adolescents with depressive symptoms are particularly vulnerable and at higher risk for developing co-occurring mental health issues, such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study focused on adolescents exhibiting persistent depressive symptoms across three time points and investigated how childhood maltreatment influences NSSI and its changes over time, along with the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: From a larger sample of 3981 students, 317 adolescents with persistent depressive symptoms ( = 13.20, SD = 0.82) were identified, and a control group of 317 non-depressed adolescents was selected via propensity score matching. Latent change score (LCS) modeling and longitudinal mediation models were employed to examine the mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment to NSSI and its changes. RESULTS: The univariate LCS model revealed an increasing trend in NSSI behaviors among adolescents with depressive symptoms over the measurement period. T1 childhood maltreatment indirectly influenced T2 NSSI through T2 self-esteem and T2 emotional reactivity. Additionally, T1 childhood maltreatment significantly predicted changes in NSSI through T2 emotional reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the importance of addressing NSSI in adolescents with depressive symptoms and highlights the necessity of screening for childhood maltreatment histories in this population. The findings provide a foundation for future prevention and intervention efforts, suggesting that enhancing self-esteem and reducing emotional reactivity could mitigate the impact of childhood maltreatment on NSSI in depressed adolescents.
Concentrated ERP for Patients With Difficult-to-Treat OCD: Insight as a Predictor of Acute and Long-Term Outcomes.
Tjelle K, Hansen B, Solem S … +3 more , Wheaton MG, Kvale G, Hagen K
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425659 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a recommended treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although many patients who undergo this regimen do not achiev...
BACKGROUND: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a recommended treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although many patients who undergo this regimen do not achieve satisfactory symptom relief, and maintaining long-term remission is challenging. Concentrated exposure therapy (cET) has emerged as a potential treatment for treatment-resistant OCD. However, the role of insight as a predictor of treatment outcomes in this context remains underexplored. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) including 163 adults diagnosed with treatment-resistant OCD. This study used linear regression models to evaluate whether pre-treatment levels of insight and changes in insight-measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) insight item-were associated with outcomes after 4 days of cET and whether insight levels changed post-treatment. RESULTS: Baseline insight did not predict OCD severity at post-treatment or 3-month follow-up but was associated with greater OCD severity at the 12-month follow-up. Insight scores improved significantly from pre- to post-treatment but worsened during the follow-up period. Notably, a change in insight during cET was a significant predictor of OCD symptom severity at all follow-up intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline insight was not a strong predictor of short-term treatment outcomes following cET but was related to long-term OCD severity. Improvements in insight during cET were associated with achieving and maintaining reduced symptoms over time. These results suggest that improvements in OCD and enhanced insight are associated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02656342.
Study on the Changes of Brain Function in Adolescents With Pain-Depression Comorbidity Based on rs-FMRI.
Tian Y, Cai W, He C … +4 more , Xu G, Song G, Chen K, Liu S
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41425658 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanism of pain-depression comorbidity is not well understood. This study aims to analyze the abnormal brain activity in adolescents with pain-depression comorbidity, and to provide imaging e...
BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanism of pain-depression comorbidity is not well understood. This study aims to analyze the abnormal brain activity in adolescents with pain-depression comorbidity, and to provide imaging evidence for the understanding of brain neural mechanisms of pain-depression comorbidity. METHODS: Depression in adolescents with ( = 31) and without ( = 26) comorbid pain symptoms and 28 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education level underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and completed the Hamilton depression scale and visual analog scale (VAS) of pain. The whole-brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were compared across groups. The brain regions with significant differences in ALFF values between groups were used as seed points for whole-brain functional connectivity. RESULTS: Compared with the depression group, the comorbidity group showed increased ALFF values in the right amygdala and right middle frontal gyrus, decreased ALFF values in the left middle occipital gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus, increased ReHo values in the right insula, and elevated functional connectivity between the right inferior temporal gyrus and right angular gyrus (Gaussian random field [GRF] corrected, < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with adolescents with depression without pain, adolescents with pain-depression comorbidity have differences in neuronal activity and functional connectivity in the middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, insular lobe, temporoparietal and occipital lobes, suggesting that abnormal neuronal activity in these brain regions may be the neural basis of pain-depression comorbidity.
Assessing the Association Between Meeting New 24-h Movement Guidelines and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Chinese Medical Students: A Multicenter Study.
Ye X, Qin Z, Liu H … +6 more , Tao Y, Ye W, Zhong Y, Shu L, Jiang R, Huang C
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41394890 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between meeting the new Canadian 24-h movement guidelines and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Chinese medical students, thus providing empirical and theoretica...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between meeting the new Canadian 24-h movement guidelines and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Chinese medical students, thus providing empirical and theoretical support for targeted mental health interventions. METHODS: A total of 3679 medical students were recruited through multicenter convenience sampling in November 2022. A self-administered standardized questionnaire assessed three 24-h movement behaviors-moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and sleep-as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the association between meeting new 24-h movement guidelines and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS: A total of 3228 valid responses were obtained. The proportions of students who met all 24-h movement behavior recommendations were low, at 4.01% among clinical students and 7.14% among nursing students. The overall prevalence of negative emotional symptoms was 60.9% in clinical students and 46.7% in nursing students. A clear dose-response relationship was evident between the number of recommendations met and a lower risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Medical students who fully met all recommendations had a significantly lower risk of negative emotional symptoms compared with those who met none (stress odds ratio [OR] = 0.239, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.101-0.568, = 0.001; anxiety OR = 0.601, 95% CI: 0.407-0.889, = 0.011; depression OR = 0.450, 95% CI: 0.290-0.700, < 0.001). Similar protective associations were found in both clinical and nursing subgroups. All associations remained generally consistent after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, supporting the robustness of the results. A significant three-way interaction among MVPA, sedentary behavior, and sleep was observed for stress. CONCLUSION: Adherence to the 24-h movement behavior recommendations was suboptimal among Chinese medical students. However, greater adherence was associated with a lower risk of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, highlighting the need for integrated lifestyle interventions targeting physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep balance.
Sex Differences in Behavioral and Psychopathological Trajectories From Late Childhood to Early Adolescence: Implications for Suicidality Risk.
Duan X, Tao Y, Situ M … +5 more , Yu X, Jing D, Liu P, Yang Z, Huang Y
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41368592 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Although the link between psychopathological and behavioral issues and suicidality is well-established, existing studies often focus on static timepoints, neglecting their dynamic nature and sex differences....
BACKGROUND: Although the link between psychopathological and behavioral issues and suicidality is well-established, existing studies often focus on static timepoints, neglecting their dynamic nature and sex differences. This study investigates the trajectories of these symptoms from late childhood to early adolescence and their association with suicidality, while also examining variations by sex. METHODS: We included 7849 unrelated children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort, with assessments conducted over a 3-year follow-up period. Caregiver-reported psychopathological and behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at baseline (ages 9-10) and during three subsequent annual follow-ups. Youth-reported suicidality was assessed at both baseline and the 3-year follow-up (ages 12-13) using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). RESULTS: Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) identified three trajectory groups for total problems, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors, and two trajectory groups for each dimension. All high symptom trajectory groups had a higher risk of suicidality compared to low symptom trajectory groups, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.35 to 3.15 (all < 0.05). Persistent high anxious/depressed symptoms showed the strongest association with suicidal ideation (SI; adjusted OR = 1.96, < 0.001), while persistent high attention problem was most strongly associated with suicide attempts (adjusted OR = 2.87, < 0.001). Persistently high anxious/depressed symptoms most strongly predicted suicide-related outcomes in girls (OR = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-2.71), whereas high-increasing withdrawn/depressed symptoms showed the strongest association in boys (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.53-2.60). Persistently high attention problems consistently and most strongly predicted suicide attempts in both sexes (boys: OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.52-7.65; girls: OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.72-5.14). CONCLUSIONS: Trajectories of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms from late childhood to early adolescence are modestly associated with suicidality during this critical transition. Withdrawn/depressed symptoms strongest predicted risk in boys, whereas anxious/depressed symptoms were most salient in girls. Attention problems consistently predicted suicide attempts across both sexes. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring and early intervention for at-risk youth to potentially reduce adolescent suicidality.
Bidirectional Relationship Between Myopia and Mental Disorders.
Li DL, Yu ST, Zhang LJ … +2 more , Zhang XF, Pan CW
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41368591 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Myopia and mental disorders share common environmental and behavioral risk factors. Previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the association between them, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim...
BACKGROUND: Myopia and mental disorders share common environmental and behavioral risk factors. Previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the association between them, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the association between myopia and mental disorders. METHODS: Databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley online library, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible publications from January 2000 to July 2024. Studies assessing the relationship between myopia and any one of the mental disorders were identified. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. RESULTS: We identified 15 articles (two cohort studies and 13 cross-sectional studies) examining the impact of myopia on mental disorders, involving 2,841,653 participants from seven countries. Pooled results indicated that myopia was significantly associated with an increased risk of mental disorders (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.59). Besides, a significant relationship was observed between the mental disorders and myopia (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.29) based on eight articles, including 1,942,855 participants from five countries. Subgroup analyses showed that the association of myopia with both anxiety and depression was significant, with ORs of 1.49 and 1.33, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Myopia and mental disorders may influence each other, with each condition potentially exacerbating the risk of the other. These findings help to explore the possible interplay between mental disorders and myopia.
Development and Validation of a Multivariate Diagnostic Model for Major Depressive Disorder With Comorbid Insomnia Based on Lymphocyte Subsets and Resting-State Functional MRI.
Xia G, Hu Y, Shi J … +6 more , Shen X, Li P, Zheng L, Chai F, Wang Y, Liu X
Depress Anxiety · 2025 · PMID 41362845 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alterations in lymphocyte subsets and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) patterns in patients with comorbid major depressive...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alterations in lymphocyte subsets and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) patterns in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia disorder (ID). METHODS: A total of 114 patients with MDD, 108 with ID, 126 with comorbid MDD and ID, and 168 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, all experiencing their first episode. Emotional and sleep quality were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). rs-fMRI data and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed. Multivariate prediction models were constructed using correlation analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross-validation, and logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated with calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in age (=0.552), sex distribution (=0.248), education level, or anxiety scores among the four groups, whereas depression and insomnia scores differed significantly (all < 0.0001). The MDD with comorbid insomnia (iMDD) group exhibited lower fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) in the right lingual gyrus and fusiform gyrus compared to the MDD, ID, and HC groups. Additionally, compared with HCs, CD3 and CD4 T cell percentages were elevated, while natural killer (NK) cell percentage was reduced, with the most pronounced alterations in the iMDD group. fALFF values were negatively correlated with CD3 and CD4 T cell percentages, but positively correlated with NK cell percentage. The fALFF in the right lingual gyrus, CD4 T and NK cell percentage, SDS score, and ISI score were identified as key risk predictors. Multivariable prediction models for ID, MDD, and iMDD demonstrated robust calibration (e.g., calibration degree = 0.502), high discrimination (AUC for iMDD vs. HC = 0.991; MDD vs. ID = 0.821), and good clinical applicability. CONCLUSIONS: The identified risk predictors might facilitate individualized clinical decision-making for iMDD patients. While the multivariable prediction model demonstrated strong internal diagnostic accuracy, further external validation using independent cohorts is needed to confirm its generalizability.
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