Nigerian Quarterly Journal Of Hospital Medicine[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Pattern of lymph node pathology in Lagos.
Akinde OR, Anunobi CC, Abudu EK … +4 more , Daramola AO, Banjo AA, Abdulkareem FB, Osunkalu VO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913515
BACKGROUND: Enlarge lymph node is a common finding in clinical practice, which can be caused by several factors, such as infections, drugs etc. OBJECTIVE: To review the pathology of lymph node diseases in children and ad...
BACKGROUND: Enlarge lymph node is a common finding in clinical practice, which can be caused by several factors, such as infections, drugs etc. OBJECTIVE: To review the pathology of lymph node diseases in children and adults with both deep seated and peripheral lymphadenopathy in Lagos. METHODS: A 12- year retrospective study of lymph node biopsies at Histopathology Department of LUTH, and two main histopathology private laboratories in Lagos; The specialist Laboratory (TSL) and Histolab was carried out. RESULTS: 733 samples of lymph nodes were seen. Of these, 229 (31.37%) were reactive, 109 (14.93%) were chronic granulomatuos lesions while lymphoma was seen in 123 cases (16.85%) and metastatic lesions in 269 cases (36.50%). The male to female ratio was 1:1.5. (286:436). In 670 cases, the lymph nodes were peripheral in location with the distribution of 249, 140 and 42 from the axilla, cervical and inguinal regions respectively. Only 60 of the samples were deeply seated lymph nodes; 55 from the intra-abdominal cavity and 5 from the mediastenium. About 239 samples did not have their sites indicated and majority of these (106) were diagnosed to be reactive lymphadenitis. CONCLUSION: The categories of lymphoid disease are similar to that of other third world countries but there is slight disparity in the frequency distribution of these diseases compared with findings in literatures within the countries.
A 20 year histopathological study of cancer of the cervix in Nigerians.
Olu-Eddo AN, Ekanem VJ, Umannah I … +1 more , Onakevhor J
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913514
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancrin the world. OBJECTIVE: The study is to evaluate the prevalence and histopathological pattern of cervical cancer in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Ben...
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancrin the world. OBJECTIVE: The study is to evaluate the prevalence and histopathological pattern of cervical cancer in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. METHODS: All the tissue slides of specimen [cervix and hysterectomy] diagnosed as cervical carcinoma over a period of 20 years [1987-2006] were retrieved and reevaluated for confirmation of diagnosis and tumour typing in the Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Clinical data were obtained from histopathology registers, request forms as well as case notes of patients obtained from the Records Department. RESULTS: A total of 598 cases of cancer of the cervix constituting 63.7% of gynaecological cancers were seen during the 20 year study period. The age range for cervical cancer was 15-90 years with a mean age of 50.4 years (SD +/- 13.5) and a peak occurrence in the 5th decade. Squamous cell carcinoma (92.3%) was the most common histological type of cervical cancer, followed by adenocarcinoma (6.0%) and adenosquamous carcinoma (1.0%). Glassy cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma malignant mixed mullerian tumour and rhabdomyosarcoma were rare constituting 1 (0.2) case each. CONCLUSION: This study has shown a high incidence of carcinoma of cervix at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. It is necessary to establish effective screening centres and educate the populace in order to raise the level of awareness and increase the early detection of preinvasive lesions.
"Over and under exposures of radiotherapy patients at the A. B. U. Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria: case reports".
Olasinde TA, Olugbemiro AA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913513
BACKGROUND: The Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria, commenced services with technical cooperation support from the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Au...
BACKGROUND: The Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria, commenced services with technical cooperation support from the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria in 1995. Brachytherapy services used to be offered at the ABUTH, Tudun-Wada, Zaria since 1995. Teletherapy and other Oncological services commenced at its Permanent Site, Shika- Zariaon Monday July, 2000. OBJECTIVE/METHODS: This is an incidental report of radiation over and under dose of 331 patients treated with Cobalt-60 machine (CIRUS) from July, 2000-December, 2002. RESULTS: 105 (31.7%) of the patients received 10-20% higher doses than prescribed, 161 (48.6%) received about the prescribed dose while 65 (19.7%) of the patients received under dose. CONCLUSION: The purpose of the report is to highlight that incidents and accidents can occur with the radiotherapy equipment at any centre despite trained staff operating the equipment. Any incident or accident should be reported to the appropriate national and international atomic energy agencies.
Medical informatics: the role of health science librarians.
Ogunyade TO, Ibegwam A
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913512
BACKGROUND: Medical informatics, a newly emerged concept has in recent years attracted the attention of scholars. This concept therefore needs thorough discourse and interpretations as relating to information packaging a...
BACKGROUND: Medical informatics, a newly emerged concept has in recent years attracted the attention of scholars. This concept therefore needs thorough discourse and interpretations as relating to information packaging and its access in the field of medicine and its allies. Therefore, the would--be information manager needs to be grounded in the medical informatics for him to effectively have full control of the information environment. OBJECTIVES: Research work delved into the meanings of medical informatics and its impact on health sciences and the need for adequate education of health science librarians for them to be effective and efficient in their service delivery. METHODS: It is a review of information sources on the medical informatics. Sources consulted were print, electronic and on-line sources. The opinions and theories of scholars on this subject matter were analysed and discussed. RESULTS: This work discovered two basic facts as follows:--Medical informatics is embedded in information science and two fields have a meeting point. Secondly, medical informatics as a discipline needs to be studied and understood by health science librarians--a shift that is very much necessary now for him not only to be information container manager but also information "content manager". CONCLUSION: Medical informatics has come to stay and its understanding becomes imperative on the part of health information broker as this will enhance increase in job performance, productivity and recognition in the organization where he serves.
Relationship between selected anthropometric variables and prevalence of flatfoot among urban and rural school children in south west Nigeria.
Abolarin TO, Aiyegbusi AI, Tella BA … +1 more , Akinbo SR
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913511
BACKGROUND: Flat foot is a common reason for attendance at children's orthopaedic clinics. Its prevalence which varies from one population to the other has been reported to be influenced by various factors. OBJECTIVE: Th...
BACKGROUND: Flat foot is a common reason for attendance at children's orthopaedic clinics. Its prevalence which varies from one population to the other has been reported to be influenced by various factors. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of nutritional status as indicated by factors such as height, weight and BMI on the prevalence of flatfoot in school age children in urban and rural areas in south-western Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 560 children with age range 6 to 12 years. They were divided into two groups; rural and urban. The demographic and anthropometric data of all the subjects was taken. Each subject's static footprint was taken on a white duplicating paper after which the instep was measured and the footprint classified into high arch, normal, flat or severe flat. The body mass index and nutritional status of each subject was calculated from the anthropometric data. Epi Info statistical package programme version 3.5.1 (2008) was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) prevalence of flatfoot between the rural dwelling (18.2%) and the urban dwelling (32.9%) children. Anthropometric measurements were significantly higher in urban than in rural children. Nutritional status of urban children was also significantly higher than that of the rural children. CONCLUSION: Flatfoot is more prevalent in school age children in urban area than in the rural area; age and body mass index being the primary predictors for flatfoot.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous stem and leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica (Linn) T. Anderson.
Adeyemi OO, Aigbe FR, Uyaiabasi NG
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913510
BACKGROUND: Asystasia gangetica (Linn) T. Anderson [family Acanthaceae] is used commonly in the sub-tropics and tropics for the management of inflammatory and algesic conditions. OBJECTIVE: The study was done to evaluate...
BACKGROUND: Asystasia gangetica (Linn) T. Anderson [family Acanthaceae] is used commonly in the sub-tropics and tropics for the management of inflammatory and algesic conditions. OBJECTIVE: The study was done to evaluate the analgesic and inflammatory activity of the aqueous stem and leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica. METHODS: The analgesic effect of the aqueous stem and leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated in rats and mice using the acetic acid induced writhing, cold water tail flick and hot plate models. Its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan induced rat paw oedema and xylene induced mouse ear oedema models. RESULTS: The aqueous stem and leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica (25-200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of writhes in the acetic acid induced writhing test. At 100 mg/kg, it produced an increase in pain threshold comparable to that produced by morphine (10 mg/kg) in the tail flick test and peak analgesia at 200 mg/kg in the hot plate test. The extract (25-200 mg/kg) also produced significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of oedema comparable to indomethacin (10 mg/kg) in the carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The extract (200 mg/kg) produced a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) comparable to that produced by 1 mg/kg dexamethasone in the xylene induced mouse ear oedema model. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extract contains alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. It did not produce mortality or any visible sign of lethality 24 hours after single oral administration of 10 g/kg. CONCLUSION: The results show that the aqueous stem and feaf extract of Asystasia gangetica possesses analgesic and antiinflammatory activities.
Predictors of surgical site infections of the abdomen in Lagos, Nigeria.
Mofikoya BO, Niemogha MT, Ogunsola FT … +1 more , Atoyebi OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913509
BACKGROUND: The issue of nosocomial infection constitute a significant burden on any health care facility particularly in resource constrained centers of many developing countries. OBJECTIVES: A prospective cross section...
BACKGROUND: The issue of nosocomial infection constitute a significant burden on any health care facility particularly in resource constrained centers of many developing countries. OBJECTIVES: A prospective cross sectional study was designed to determine the baseline surgical site infection rate following abdominal surgeries, determine the influence of various factors on infection rates, evaluate the predictive value of the ASA, SENIC, NNIS indices on infection rates and identify the common aerobic and anaerobic organisms responsible for such infections. METHODS: One hundred and forty four consecutive patients who had abdominal surgeries were studied at the Lagos University, Teaching Hospital over a one year period. Demographic, clinical and other parameters were obtained with aid of a proforma. Those who developed surgical site infection had swabs taken for aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity. RESULTS: Wound infection rate was 17.4%. Surgeries involving the small bowels and the colon made up 75% of all infected cases. The predominant organisms isolated were Pseudomonas, enterobacter, proteus species Bacteroides was the most frequently isolated anaerobic organism. The predictive factors for infection were long surgeries, surgical procedures classified as contaminated or dirty, high ASA (American Society of Anaesthesilogist) scores, SENIC (Study of Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control), NNIS (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Index) scores. CONCLUSION: The predictive scores can be utilized to identify high risk surgeries and institute appropriate measures to reduce surgical site infections.
EPROM-based heartbeat monitor using optical biomedical engineering technique.
Nwoye EO, Oronti IB, Nwaneri SC … +3 more , Ebuehi OA, Akanmu ON, Olasore HS
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913508
BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, manual methods of heartbeat monitoring are commonly used which are subject to a number of human errors and problems. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development of a noninvasive EPROM based he...
BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, manual methods of heartbeat monitoring are commonly used which are subject to a number of human errors and problems. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development of a noninvasive EPROM based heartbeat monitor using optical biomedical engineering technique to detect and count the user's heartbeat digitally as well as provide a visual indication of the result obtained. METHODS: This design and construction work employed the optical biomedical engineering technique in which tiny subcutaneous blood vessels in any patch of skin preferably the fingers furnished with a good supply of blood alternately expand and contract in time with the heartbeat. The optical sensors were planted in a peg which provides firm grip of the finger tip to sense these contraction and expansion processes. RESULTS: The results of the tests carried out on fingers of different individuals at rest showed that the thumb, middle finger and forefinger responded more accurately to the heartbeat measurements taken. The thickness of the individual's fingers contributed greatly to the accuracy of the measurement taken. CONCLUSION: The EPROM based heartbeat monitor is a very efficient tool for monitoring the heartbeat of patients. However, its efficiency is determined by the thickness of the individual's finger.
Delayed diagnosis of intersex state: surgical outcome of cases seen and review of current concepts.
Fadeyibi IO, Ikuerowo SO, Coker AO … +6 more , Disu EA, Akinola RA, Onakoya JA, Zachariah MP, Bioku MJ, Ademiluyi SA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913507
BACKGROUND: Sexual ambiguity is said to occur when the gender of the baby cannot be determined at birth. The gender of an individual is in question because the genitals do not appear clearly as that of male or female. It...
BACKGROUND: Sexual ambiguity is said to occur when the gender of the baby cannot be determined at birth. The gender of an individual is in question because the genitals do not appear clearly as that of male or female. It is traumatizing to the family. It also causes confusion and problems in determining the sex, in which a child would be reared. The abnormality is relatively uncommon. Disorders of sexual differentiation can arise from abnormalities in chromosomes, gonadal development or hormonal production or activity. The orderly development process may also be affected by various environmental factors. Some of these factors may ultimately lead to the development of ambiguous external genitalia. CASE PRESENTATIONS AND MANAGEMENT: Three of such patients with ambiguous genitalia are presented, in which the initial diagnosis proved to be incorrect. The various investigations that were carried out and surgical management are discussed. CONCLUSION: Arguments which led to the ultimate choice of the sex of a child ranged from strict medical, to psychosocial and even cultural considerations. Expert examination shortly after birth would allow an early and definite decision, avoiding more serious problems with sexual ambiguity in later life.
Physiotherapy in the management of total knee arthroplasty: a review.
Akodu AK, Giwa SO, Akinbo SR … +1 more , Ahmed UA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913506
BACKGROUND: Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered the treatment of choice for patients with intractable pain and substantial functional disabilities who have not had acceptable relief and functional improv...
BACKGROUND: Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered the treatment of choice for patients with intractable pain and substantial functional disabilities who have not had acceptable relief and functional improvement after conservative treatment. It was found out that patients with total knee arthroplasty need physiotherapy intervention for pre-operative and post-operative management. OBJECTIVES: To take a critical look at the importance of TKA following destruction of the knee joint, its indications and contraindications and to ascertain the current trend involved in the physiotherapy management of TKA. METHODS: The current literature materials on physiotherapy management of TKA was reviewed. RESULTS: The aim of treatment is to maximize functionality and independence and to minimize complication such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by relieving pain using cryotherapy, improving range of motion with mobilization techniques, muscle strengthening, therapeutic exercise, transfer training, gait training and training of activities of daily living. These are administered as home programme or in organized groups led by a physiotherapist and has been shown to improve outcome related to physical activity after knee joint arthroplasty. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that interventions, including physiotherapy and functional exercises after discharge, is still beneficial after TKA.
Effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (Fabaceae) on haematological profile in normal and haloperidol treated rats.
Akindele AJ, Busayo FI
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913505
BACKGROUND: Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (Fabaceae) is a climbing plant claimed in traditional medicine to possess anti-anaemic effect. OBJECTIVE: The study is to investigate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of M. pr...
BACKGROUND: Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (Fabaceae) is a climbing plant claimed in traditional medicine to possess anti-anaemic effect. OBJECTIVE: The study is to investigate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of M. pruriens (MP) on haematological profile in normal and haloperidol treated rats. METHODS: MP was administered p.o. at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg to groups of rats daily for 28 days. Control animals received distilled water. Rats were sacrificed on the 28th day and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological parameters and serum iron. Another set of animals received MP p.o. at same doses but along with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 4 days. Three other groups of rats received distilled water, haloperidol, and MP at 400 mg/kg alone. Haematological parameters and serum iron were determined. Extract iron content, phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity studies were also carried out. RESULTS: MP administered to normal rats for 28 days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of platelets and proportion of neutrophils. In haloperidol treated rats, MP significantly reversed the reduction in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values and increased the red blood cell (RBC) count and packed cell volume (PCV). MP also caused significant reduction in the number of platelets and proportion of neutrophils. Administered alone, MP caused a significant increase in the concentration of haemoglobin. The iron content of MP was found to be 61.20 mg/100 g and it was found to contain alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and tannins. Given up to 10 g/kg p.o., no deaths and visible signs of toxicity were observed while the LD50 for the i.p. route was estimated to be 1509.46 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: The findings in the study suggest that the hydroethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens possibly possess beneficial effects in anaemic conditions especially associated with iron deficiency.
Management of priapism: a case report.
Ashindoitiang JA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243861 · Publisher ↗
Priapism is a pathologic condition of persistent penile erection in absence of sexual excitation, is a true erectile disorder. Although it is not common, it carries a major significance as possible complications of the d...
Priapism is a pathologic condition of persistent penile erection in absence of sexual excitation, is a true erectile disorder. Although it is not common, it carries a major significance as possible complications of the disorder include penile fibrosis and permanent erectile dysfunction. All health care professionals should appreciate the importance of priapism and follow current principles of treatment to avert the complications of priapism
Earlobe keloids: emerging cosmetic complication of ear-piercing.
Adigun IA, Aderibigbe AB
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243860 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Keloid is not a homogeneous biological entity. The exact pathologic mechanism of the lesion continues to be an enigma for physicians and researchers alike and no specific gene or sets of genes have been ident...
BACKGROUND: Keloid is not a homogeneous biological entity. The exact pathologic mechanism of the lesion continues to be an enigma for physicians and researchers alike and no specific gene or sets of genes have been identified. The art of body piercing is ancient to people in the developed countries but over years it has rejuvenated to part of their fashion process. Ear-piercing or extra ear-piercing is becoming more rampant among youths in this part of the world, this however have been shown to cause hypertrophic scaring, keloids and its attendant cosmetic problems. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to retrospectively review the number of keloids that were managed by the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, between the period of September 2006 and April 2007. METHODS: We reviewed the number of keloids that were managed in our unit for the period of 8-months. Twenty six (26) patients had enough information for analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (53.9%) had ear-lobe keloids and 11 (42.3%) of the patients developed the keloid from ear-piercing. Majority of the patients had surgical excision with post-operative intralesional triamcenelone as treatment modalities. CONCLUSION: Keloids are more likely to develop when ears are pierced in the susceptible age group. Keloids of the ear are a challenging problem with many treatment modalities advocated. Given the difficulty and cost of treating keloids and other infective complications that may arise from ear-piercing, preventive remains the best approach.
Knowledge of prostate cancer screening among native African urban population in Nigeria.
Ajape AA, Babata A, Abiola OO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243859 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Cancer of the prostate a worldwide public health concern. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and ranked second as the cause of cancer-related deaths. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the awareness and atti...
BACKGROUND: Cancer of the prostate a worldwide public health concern. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and ranked second as the cause of cancer-related deaths. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the awareness and attitude of the populace to screening for cancer of the prostate. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study involving 156 respondents. A structured questionnaire detailing the biodata, the knowledge of cancer of prostate, the practice of screening by prostate specific antigen (PSA) estimation and the readiness to undergo screening by the respondent was used to obtain the set-out objectives. RESULTS: A total of 156 respondents completed the questionnaire and forms the basis of further analysis. The mean age of the respondents is 44.15 (+/- 11.9) years. Majority of the respondents were civil servant (51.9%) followed closely by politicians. About 23.1% of them have no formal education while 53.8% have acquired tertiary education. The result shows that 78.8% have never heard any information on cancer of the prostate and only 5.8% have heard about PSA. None of the respondents have ever had PSA test done, even once. Eighty four per cent of the respondents are ready to pay for prostate cancer screening test by PSA assay. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there was remarkable lack of awareness of prostate cancer among the Nigerian native African urban populace. Prostate cancer screening and serum PSA test for screening is globally unknown among them.
Integrating maternal health services into a health insurance scheme: effect on healthcare delivery.
Adinma ED, Nwakoby BA, Adinma BD
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243858 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Healthcare delivery is a foremost important basic social services. OBJECTIVE: This study reviews the influence of the integration of maternal health services into the Anambra State of Nigeria government-commu...
BACKGROUND: Healthcare delivery is a foremost important basic social services. OBJECTIVE: This study reviews the influence of the integration of maternal health services into the Anambra State of Nigeria government-community health care financing scheme on health service delivery at primary health care level in Igboukwu, Aguata Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with an intervention component, conducted amongst 120 women of reproductive age group at Obiuno health centre, Igboukwu. RESULTS: Mean age of respondents was 30.5 +/- 6.0 years with majority, 44 (36.7%), in the age range of 26-30 years. Almost half, forty eight (40%), of the participants are of post secondary educational status; 60 (50%) are civil servants. Utilization of maternal health services % antenatal and delivery services, were significantly better at the late intervention period when compared to the early intervention period. Quality of service from clients' perspective also showed significant improvement at the late intervention period. There was an overall greater availability of maternal health service equipments, drugs and consumables, and medical records in the health facility later during the scheme. CONCLUSION: Community based health insurance schemes that focus on maternal health services ensure the provision of adequate funds for maternal health services that cover a great proportion of the rural communities.
A two-year audit of thyroid disorders in an urban hospital in Nigeria.
Ogbera AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243857 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders are the second commonly encountered disorders in endocrine clinics and are significant causes of medical morbidity and mortality. It is pertinent to note that in the Nigerian setting, there...
BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders are the second commonly encountered disorders in endocrine clinics and are significant causes of medical morbidity and mortality. It is pertinent to note that in the Nigerian setting, there are challenges of sub-optimal investigative and therapeutic facilities especially as concerning thyroid disorders hence there is underreporting of this important group of endocrine disorders from our part of the world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this audit is to describe the pattern of presentation, investigation, management and outcome of thyroid disorders in patients attending the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) Endocrine Center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective medical record review of patients with thyroid disorders who presented to the out patient department, the Medical and Emergency wards of LASUTH between June 2007-June 2009. The clinical, biochemical, serological and histological parameters were used to characterize the patients. Investigations done, treatment type, complications of thyroid disorders, hospitalization records and outcome of management were all documented. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy patients with thyroid disorders aged between 11 and 70 years were seen during the period under review. The male: female ratio was 1:7. Patients presenting with thyrotoxicosis were 128 in number thus giving an incidence rate per year of 64. Therapeutic options were essentially thionamides, betablockers, steroids, surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) and thyroxine. The mean (SEM) duration of medication usage was 24.5 and the median medication duration was 24 months. RAI usage was low as its use was documented in 7% of the subjects with thyroid dysfunction. The rate of occurrence of variable glucose intolerance was 28% with frank diabetes mellitus diagnosed in 9% of the cases of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid storm, psychiatric manifestations, thyrocardiac disease and cerebrovascular diseases were indications for hospitalizations. Two deaths were documented and these were due to thyrocardiac disease and thyroid storm. CONCLUSION: RAI usage is underutilized and the thionamides are the main stay of treatment for people presenting with thyrotoxicosis. Given the peculiarities of presentation of thyroid disorders in our practice and the challenges of poor accessibility to diagnostic and therapeutic facilities, it is imperative that management guidelines that take into consideration our resource poor background be set up.
Eligibility of Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus for inhaled insulin.
Ozoh OB, Okubadejo NU, Chukwu CC … +1 more , Bandele EO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243856 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Parenteral delivery of insulin has been shown to reduce acceptance of insulin as a treatment option in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The advent of inhaled insulin is aimed at circumventing this prob...
BACKGROUND: Parenteral delivery of insulin has been shown to reduce acceptance of insulin as a treatment option in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The advent of inhaled insulin is aimed at circumventing this problem; however inhaled insulin is a treatment option only for DM patients with normal lung function. OBJECTIVE: The study set out to evaluate the forced expiratory volume in the first second in Liters (FEV1) of Nigerians with type 2 DM and thus determine the proportion potentially eligible for inhaled insulin. METHODS: FEV1 was measured in 101 subjects with type 2 DM and 104 age, gender and body mass index matched controls without DM. All subjects were 'never smokers' without any physical condition that could compromise lung function. We then determined the proportion of subjects with FEV1, more than 70% of normal, which defines eligibility for inhaled insulin. RESULTS: On the basis of the mean FEV1 in Liters of matched controls in this study being 2.58+ 0.62, the cot off for minimium FEV1 to qualify for inhaled insulin therapy was determined as 1.80 liters (i.e 70% of 2.58). A total of 83 (84%) of the 101 subjects with type 2 DM had FEV1 >1.8 liters indicative of eligibility for inhaled insulin. Male sex, shorter duration of DM, normal body mass index (BMI) and younger age were associated with eligibility. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of Nigerians with type 2 DM attending tertiary care are eligible for inhaled insulin therapy making it a treatment option. The feasibility of this treatment option in terms of acceptability, affordability, side effect profile and efficacy in blood glucose control in Nigerians is an important research focus.
Effects of herbal remedies (Agyanom mixture, Bolex bitters and Remedia mixture) on hepatic and renal functions in male rats.
Akande IS, Ebuehi OA, Samuel TA … +2 more , Onubogu IC, Esin H
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243855 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Many people use herbal remedies for the treatment of a wide range of diseases due to the claims of their efficacies by the manufacturers. However, there is little insight as to the mode of action and possible...
BACKGROUND: Many people use herbal remedies for the treatment of a wide range of diseases due to the claims of their efficacies by the manufacturers. However, there is little insight as to the mode of action and possible toxic effects of these popular herbal formulations on organs such as, liver and kidney. OBJECTIVE: Hepatological, histological and renal function tests of Sprague-Dawley albino rats were investigated in order to determine the possible effects on rat kidney and liver following exposure of the physiological system to the processed herbal remedies through oral administration. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (120-170g) and divided into 7 groups were employed for this study. Six groups of 4 rats each were orally administered high dose (1.0 ml) and low dose (0.5 ml) of 'Agyanom mixture', 'Bolex bitters' and 'Remedia mixture' respectively for 15 days. The control group consisted of 6 rats given water only after acclimatization for 28 days, with food and water freely available to both groups. The rats were sacrificed, the blood samples were collected through the orbital sinus and cardiac puncture. The liver and kidney tissues for each group were also harvested. Liver and renal function test parameters were analysed. The liver and kidney from the rats were fixed in 10% formol saline and after 72 hours, dehydrated in graded alcohol, cleaned in xylene, and embedded in paraffin. The resulting blocks were sectioned. The sections were randomized and selected sections were stained in haemotoxylin and eosin. The slides were then examined at magnification of x400. RESULTS: There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the concentrations of serum electrolytes in all the experimental groups compared with control. Na+, K+, HCO3(2-) urea and creatinin levels increased significantly in the experimental groups. Serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities and bilirubin level were not significantly different (p > or = 0.05) in all the experimental groups compared with control. Histological features of mild to severe tubular necrosis were evident in the kidney tissues of all the experimental groups compared to the control, unlike in the liver tissues. CONCLUSION: Data of the present study indicate that herbal remedies such as 'agyanom mixture', 'bolex bitters' and 'remedia mixture' have adverse effects on the kidney and they might not be safe for human consumption.
Irrational prescribing of calcium channel blockers for the elderly in health facilities: a qualitative study in four hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria.
Erah PO, Onwurah O, Osahon PT … +1 more , Nwosu PJ
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243854 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) can further depress a failing heart and are not recommended for elderly patients with systolic heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE: This study conducted in four hospitals in Benin Ci...
BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) can further depress a failing heart and are not recommended for elderly patients with systolic heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE: This study conducted in four hospitals in Benin City was undertaken to evaluate rational prescribing of CCBs in hypertensive elderly outpatients. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaire was administered to 161 medical doctors to detect the proportion of physicians who prescribe CCBs to elderly outpatients with systolic HF with or without evaluating the heart status and/or counseling them on the possibility of recognizing the dangerous effect on heart while taking the CCBs. The association between inappropriate prescription of CCBs and sociodemographic variables was determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Majority (98.7%) of the 150 respondents reported ever treating hypertension in 48.5 +/- 42.3 (range: 2-250) elderly outpatients per month with most evaluating the patients' heart status. CCBs (nifedipine and amlodipine) were often prescribed for systolic HF for the elderly by 34.3% of participants but only 4.7% of them properly counseled the patients. Area of specialization (odds ratio = 1.076), hospital where the doctors worked (OD = 1.080) and status of the doctors were good predictors of CCBs prescription in systolic HF. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that irrational prescribing of CCBs for elderly outpatients is common in the four hospitals studied. This calls for appropriate educational intervention that will improve the knowledge of physicians in Benin City in rational prescribing of drugs for the elderly.
Biologic, anatomic and clinical considerations in the management of the classic intraosseous ameloblastoma of the jaws.
Arotiba GT, Arotiba JT, Taiwo AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21243853 · Publisher ↗
This paper reviews the types of surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities that have been used to treat the classic intraosseous ameloblastoma of the jaws. The clinical, anatomic and biologic factors that may influenc...
This paper reviews the types of surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities that have been used to treat the classic intraosseous ameloblastoma of the jaws. The clinical, anatomic and biologic factors that may influence the clinicians' selection of a particular treatment modality were highlighted. Surgeons should be aware of these different modalities if they are to formulate a surgical treatment plan that is individualised to fit different clinical situations.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe