Nigerian Quarterly Journal Of Hospital Medicine[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Physical activity level, nutritional intake, functional status and quality of life of geriatric individuals in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria: a cross sectional survey.
Osho OA, Abidoye RO, Owoeye OB … +2 more , Akinfeleye AM, Akinbo SR
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913535
BACKGROUND: Participation in physical activity (PA) and healthy nutrition are important factors that affects muscle and bone strength and the resultant functioning in the activities of daily living (ADL) skills including...
BACKGROUND: Participation in physical activity (PA) and healthy nutrition are important factors that affects muscle and bone strength and the resultant functioning in the activities of daily living (ADL) skills including the overall quality of life (QoL) of geriatric individuals. However, the relationships between all these parameters are yet to be fully documented and studies from developing countries are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the relationships between PA level, frequency of nutritional intake of food rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D and the basic ADL, instrumental ADL and QoL of geriatric individuals in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 394 geriatric individuals. A combination of standardized questionnaires which assessed the socio-demographic parameters, PA level, frequency of intake of food rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, ADL skills, and QoL of the geriatric individuals was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square. RESULTS: The highest proportion (35.5%) of participating geriatric individuals was at the active PA level. PA level was statistically associated with QoL, basic and instrumental ADL, (X2 = 199.57, p = 0.001; X2 = 87.07, p = 0.000; and X2 = 164.53, p = 0.001 respectively). There was also an association between frequency of intake of food rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D and the basic ADL (X2 = 97.43, p = 0.001), instrumental ADL (X2 = 151.56, p = 0.001) and QoL (X2 = 250.21, p = 0.001) of the studied geriatric individuals. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that an increase in PA level and regular intake of food rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D were associated with optimal functional status and better QoL in geriatric individuals. Educational programmes on the importance of participation in regular PA and healthy nutrition are imperative and recommended for geriatric individuals.
Comparative dissolution profiles of representative quinolones in different media.
Akinleye MO, Jolaoso AA, Coker HA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913534
BACKGROUND: Quinolones have a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and are a class of synthetic antimicrobial modeled after nalidixic acid. OBJECTIVE: To determine the dissolution efficiencies of ciprofloxacin and...
BACKGROUND: Quinolones have a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and are a class of synthetic antimicrobial modeled after nalidixic acid. OBJECTIVE: To determine the dissolution efficiencies of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin in 0.1NHCL, deionized water, 0.1 M acetic acid and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. METHODS: The in-vitro dissolution profiles of ciprofloxacin (250 mg and 500 mg) and sparfloxacin (200 mg) tablets were studied in the respective media using US Pharmacopoeia (USP) Apparatus II. In order to monitor the comparative rate of dissolution, samples were withdrawn from the medium for quantification over nine pre-determined time points during a total period of two hours. Samples were analyzed by an HPLC method capable of concurrent elution of ciprofloxacin/sparfloxacin. RESULTS: The medium with most stable release pattern for the representative quinolones was 0.1M acetic acid, followed by 0.1NHCl, distilled water and pH 7.4 buffer respectively. The %Q30 of Ciprofloxacin(CP) and Sparfloxacin(SP) was found to conform entirely to both USP2004 and FDA specifications. Sparfloxacin was found to be unstable due to cloudiness observed in 0.1N HCl medium. The CP and SP showed highest %Q(max) in 0.1M acetic acid compared to other media. This result has implication in the choice of medium for dissolution testing of quinolones, particularly for comparative purposes in the absence of specific monograph recommendations. Furthermore, it supports the change from 0.1N to 0.01NHCI for ciprofloxacin in the USP as a monographic modification. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a need to have a general-purpose dissolution medium for comparing profiles of different quinolones, 0.1M acetic acid may be a suitable candidate. Furthermore, the study may serve as guidance to the drug regulatory authorities in formulation of monographs for the drugs.
Knowledge and practice of alternatives to the conventional inferior dental block amongst dentists in Lagos.
Gbotolorun OM, Olojede AC, Afolabi-Bello M … +1 more , Arotiba GT
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913533
BACKGROUND: The conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) has been used for mandibular anaesthesia for many years. It is associated with a number of complications including failure of anaesthesia. Alternative tec...
BACKGROUND: The conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) has been used for mandibular anaesthesia for many years. It is associated with a number of complications including failure of anaesthesia. Alternative techniques were therefore developed for the mandibular anaesthesia. OBJECTIVE: This study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of alternatives to the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) amongst dentist in government owned hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: Self administered questionnaires to assess the knowledge and practice of alternatives to the conventional inferior dental block for mandibular anaesthesia were sent to dentists in clinics situated in General hospitals and Teaching hospitals in Lagos. The information recorded included demographics (age and sex), institution of practice, and length of practice. The knowledge and practice of alternatives to the conventional IANB were also recorded. RESULTS: Of the 90 questionnaires sent out, only 66 (73.3%) were returned. Most respondents 43 (65.5%) practiced in the tertiary institutions. All respondents used the conventional IANB as their primary technique. Difficulty to achieve anaesthesia due to trismus 22 (34.4%) and pain on injection 20 (32.3%) were the most common complications/difficulty associated with the IANB. Forty (60.6%) of the respondent practiced the Akinosi/Varzirani technique (AVT) as a secondary technique while only 1 had ever attempted the Gow-Gate technique (GGT). Both the knowledge and practice of the alternative techniques had a statistically significant relationship to both formal training and primary training institution (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Formal training in the use of alternative techniques to the IANB in achieving mandibular anaesthesia was a very important factor that determined the practice and knowledge of these techniques. Although the IANB was still the primarychoice for all of our respondents, there are claims by a lot of the respondents that with more formal training the alternatives will used more regularly.
The role of aqueous extract of pineapple fruit parts on the healing of acute crush tendon injury.
Aiyegbusi AI, Duru FI, Awelimobor D … +2 more , Noronha CC, Okanlawon AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913532
BACKGROUND: The Pineapple plant contains the enzyme bromelain which has been acclaimed to reduce pain and swellings following acute muscle injuries as well as carotenoids and polyphenols which are powerful antioxidants....
BACKGROUND: The Pineapple plant contains the enzyme bromelain which has been acclaimed to reduce pain and swellings following acute muscle injuries as well as carotenoids and polyphenols which are powerful antioxidants. It is yet to be determined if these constituents are distributed throughout the plant and what effect they have on the healing of acute tendon injuries. OBJECTIVE: This study therefore investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of different parts of the pineapple plant on tenoblast proliferation and the tendon Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the early stage of healing in a crush injury to the achilles tendon of Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Forty male rats were divided randomly into five groups; all had induced crush injury to the left Achilles tendon. Group 1; injury and nil treatment, Group 2; leaves extract, Group 3; fruit flesh extract, Group 4; bark extract, Group 5; core extract. The extract was given at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight daily over the first 14 days post-injury. On the 15th day post injury, the animals were sacrificed and the tendons excised and processed for histological study and MDA assay. RESULTS: The flesh and bark extract induced a proliferation of tenoblasts which however was not significantly different from that of the untreated tendon while the leaves and core extracts reduced the population of the tenocytes. The flesh extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the MDA level while the leaves and core extract significantly (p < 0.001) increased it. The bark extract had no significant impact on the MDA level compared with the untreated tendon. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the anti-oxidant constituents of the pineapple plant are concentrated in the flesh while the bark and flesh extracts have the potential to promote healing by stimulating tenoblast proliferation.
Treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Africa: evaluation of randomized clinical trials.
Erah PO, Aghayere PA, Suleman IA … +1 more , Osahon TP
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913531
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major devastating infectious diseases in tropical countries. The resistance of P. falciparum to the traditional antimalarial drugs is believed to be contributing to increased malaria mortality. O...
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major devastating infectious diseases in tropical countries. The resistance of P. falciparum to the traditional antimalarial drugs is believed to be contributing to increased malaria mortality. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate randomized clinical trials of uncomplicated P. faciparum malaria with the hope of providing recent scientific evidence on the current antimalarial drugs that would be effective, safe, affordable and available in Africa. METHODS: We reviewed articles based only on data collected between 2005 and 2009 and randomized clinical trials of uncomplicated P. faciparum malaria in Africa published between January 2006 and August 2009. Relevant articles were sourced using data available from PubMed Central, NCBI, NEJM, BMJ, Google, and Biomed Central. Data were analysed to determine the best outcomes of treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-two articles were identified as relevant. Twenty of these, involving 2967 patients, met our inclusion criteria. Three (3), 4, 3, 1, 3, 2 and 4 of the articles were based on chloroquine, sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, quinine, artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate plus sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine, and artesunate plus amodiaquine, respectively. The respective mean cure rates for these drugs were 66.7 +/- 28.4%, 72.0 +/- 35.6%, 83.0 +/- 24.3%, 64.0%, 95.4 +/- 0.56%, 97.4%, and 88.2 +/- 13.0%. While artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) remained highly effective across countries, there was no evidence of the effectiveness of chloroquine in most parts of the continent. No serious side effects was reported by ACT. CONCLUSION: ACT remains the best antimalarial for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Africa. Clinical trials on current state of the effectiveness of chloroquine in the various countries of the continent is recommended to be able to understand whether chloroquine needs to be returned for the effective treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the region.
Effect of methanolic seed extract of Momordica charantia on body weight and serum cholesterol level of male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Yama OE, Osinubi AA, Noronha CC … +1 more , Okanlawon AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913530
BACKGROUND: A steady weight increase disproportionate to height is by far the most prevalent type of body weight imbalance (overweight and obesity) in apparently healthy individuals of growing age. Many subsisting weight...
BACKGROUND: A steady weight increase disproportionate to height is by far the most prevalent type of body weight imbalance (overweight and obesity) in apparently healthy individuals of growing age. Many subsisting weight-reduction regimes or formulations are ineffective. Therefore, an effective and affordable weight-reduction product will add to the options available for the management of weight-related conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of graded oral doses of methanolic seed extract of Momordica charantia (MC) on the body weights and cholesterol levels of male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 176 +/- 70 g, were used for this study. The animals, divided randomly into 4 groups (A-D) received daily graded oral doses of 15, 25 and 50 mg/100 g body weight of methanolic seed extract of MC, respectively, while Group D rats had distilled water for 56 days. The weights of the animals in each group were recorded weekly throughout the duration of the experiment. Serum cholesterol levels were assayed from blood obtained from a left ventricular puncture. RESULTS: Treatment of rats with MC extract resulted in a dose-dependent, statistically significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) reduction in the body weight compared to control. The mean serum cholesterol levels in response to graded doses of MC in the different groups A to C also showed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) from the baseline control value of 4.4 +/- 1.0 mMol/L to 3.4 +/- 0.7, 2.5 +/- 0.4 and 2.0 +/- 1.3 mMol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Present study demonstrated that MC caused dose-dependent reductions in body weight and serum cholesterol concentration in male Sprague-Dawley rats. MC may, therefore, be useful in controlling body weight increase in individuals of growing age as well as be a potential agent in the management of overweight and obesity.
Profile of amputations in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Enweluzo GO, Giwa SO, Adekoya-Cole TO … +1 more , Mofikoya BO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913529
BACKGROUND: Amputation is a common surgical procedure for which there are several indications. There are few research works on the profile of amputation in Lagos. OBJECTIVE: The study is to determine the pattern of amput...
BACKGROUND: Amputation is a common surgical procedure for which there are several indications. There are few research works on the profile of amputation in Lagos. OBJECTIVE: The study is to determine the pattern of amputation at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, and to identify the indications, types, morbidity and mortality associated with amputation. METHODS: This was a retrospective study carried out at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between Jan.2007 and Dec. 2009. All records of patients were retrieved and selected data collated. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients presented between Jan. 2007 and Dec. 2009 with various indications for amputation. The mean age was 43.0 +/- 19.4 years. Male: female ratio was 1.7 to 1. Diabetic foot gangrene was the leading cause of amputation occurring in 55.14% of patients studied. Other major indications were trauma and malignancies. Below-knee amputation was the commonest type done (46.6%). Sepsis was the commonest complication (11.8%). The mortality rate of 11.8% was mainly due to co-morbidities. CONCLUSION: Amputation in our centre is more likely to be done on males and diabetics. Majority was below knee and was associated with significant mortality. Increasing public enlightenment and early presentation are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality as well as improve limb salvage in our population.
Sexual dysfunction among subjects with hypertension in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
Oshodi OY, Adeyemi JD, Oke DA … +1 more , Seedat S
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913528
BACKGROUND: In Africa, few studies highlight associations between sexual dysfunction and other medical conditions. It is important to know the experiences of these patients, how it affects their subsequent compliance wit...
BACKGROUND: In Africa, few studies highlight associations between sexual dysfunction and other medical conditions. It is important to know the experiences of these patients, how it affects their subsequent compliance with medications prescribed and also identify relevant factors that may be useful in planning for their care hence this study. OBJECTIVES: The study is to examine the patterns of sexual dysfunction among stable hypertensive out patients. METHODS: In a cross sectional descriptive study, 186 patients were enrolled. The Arizona Sexual Experiences scale (ASEX) and the General Health Questionnaire Version 12 (GHQ-12) were used. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven 56.7% had sexual dysfunctions, of these (33.3%) males and (66.6%) females. The mean sexual dysfunction score (on ASEX) for the hypertensive group was 14.51 (SD +/- 4.32), this was significantly higher than the figure obtained for the control group. Overall, female hypertensives experienced sexual dysfunction more than males. Males had mostly libido problems and most women had orgasmic problems. CONCLUSION: The study showed that sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent among stable patients with hypertension. Erectile dysfunction and orgasmic problems were the most common sexual dysfunctions experienced among male and female hypertensives respectively. It is recommended that monotherapy be encouraged and interventions planned for patients at higher risk.
Awareness of occupational health hazards and the practice of universal safety precautions among mortuary workers in South West Nigeria.
Ogunnowo BE, Anunobi CC, Onajole AT … +1 more , Odeyemi KA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913527
BACKGROUND: Mortuary workers face hazards at work such as infectious diseases, chemical and psychosocial hazards among others. If workers are to participate in activities to safeguard their health, they must be aware of...
BACKGROUND: Mortuary workers face hazards at work such as infectious diseases, chemical and psychosocial hazards among others. If workers are to participate in activities to safeguard their health, they must be aware of the risks at work. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess the awareness of occupational health hazards and to determine their practice of universal safety precautions. METHODS: A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out among all the mortuary workers in teaching hospitals in South West Nigeria. The study material was a self administered questionnaire used for Data collection between March and May 2008. Data was analyzed by EPI-INFO 2002. The Chi-square test was used for statistical association with a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 76 mortuary workers was surveyed with a mean age of 38.2 yrs. They were mostly male (92%). Forty-five (59.2%) of the respondents were aware of hazards at work. The hazards identified were HIV/AIDS (97.7%), tuberculosis (82%) and formalin related morbidity. 14 (18.4%) rated the risk faced at work as moderate/high risk. Only 36.8% always used face masks. About 40 (53.3%) had received at least one dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. There was no association between awareness of hazards and practice of universal safety precautions CONCLUSION: The awareness of occupational hazards among the workers was fair while the practice of universal safety precautions was suboptimal. There is a need for periodic training programmes on occupational hazards as well as the vaccination of all workers with three doses of Hepatitis B Vaccine.
Dental attendance in a sample of Nigerian pregnant women.
Adeniyi AA, Ogunbanjo BO, Sorunke ME … +3 more , Onigbinde OO, Agbaje MO, Braimoh M
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913526
BACKGROUND: Good oral health is a fungamental component of pregnant women overall health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of dental services utilisation and the reasons for non utilisation amon...
BACKGROUND: Good oral health is a fungamental component of pregnant women overall health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of dental services utilisation and the reasons for non utilisation among women receiving antenatal care at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a Nigerian teaching hospital (LASUTH) between July and September 2008 was conducted. The study assessed the women's opinions on regular dental visits, dental visits during pregnancy, the frequency of utilization of oral health services before and during pregnancy and their reasons for non-attendance. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty two (342) pregnant women with age range 18 to 44 years (mean 30.37 +/- 4.5) participated in the study. Only 163 respondents (33.0%) reported ever visiting a dentist, 24 (7.0%) had done so just before or during the present pregnancy. Among the dental clinic attendees the commonest reason for attendance was pain (88 women or 53.9%). Majority (62%) of those who had never visited a dentist attributed their non-attendance to the absence of dental pain. There was a significant relationship between the respondent's age and the utilization of dental services (p < 0.001). The older women had utilised dental services more often than their younger counterparts. Educational level and ethnic grouping were not significantly related to their use of dental services. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of women receiving antenatal care at LASUTH do not visit the dentist regularly. It is important to provide women in the reproductive age with information on the benefit of regular dental care especially during pregnancy.
Genotyping of human immunodefiency virus isolates in Papua New Guinea.
Anyiwo CE, Imai M, Igo JD … +3 more , Ogunbanjo B, Iwamoto A, Babona DV
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913525
BACKGROUND: There has been considerable escalation in the incidence of HIV infection in Papua New Guinea since the first cases have been reported in 1987. OBJECTIVES: The study was to identify the genetic subtype in HIV...
BACKGROUND: There has been considerable escalation in the incidence of HIV infection in Papua New Guinea since the first cases have been reported in 1987. OBJECTIVES: The study was to identify the genetic subtype in HIV infected patients in Papua New Guinea. It is believed that the result will not only assist in tracing and tracking the sources of the infection, but will also help to evaluate the impact of the genotypes on the natural history of HIV in Papua New Guinea. METHODS: Plasma samples from eighty patients were definitively tested for HIV antibodies at PNG Central Public Health Laboratory using Welcome ELISA, Serodia, Immuno Comb and Hexagon. The samples were also tested for Hepatitis B (HBsAG and HBcAG) and Hepatitis C virus antibodies. The HIV positive samples were reconfirmed by the Western Blot analysis; RNA isolation and reverse transcription. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis and determination of HIV subtypes were determined by using representative sequences A-H, J, N and 0 in the Los Alamos Database. RESULTS: The total number of HIV-1 positive patients' samples was 20 (5 females and 15 males) Out of this, 11 (all males) were successfully subtyped as c (91%) and b (9%) showing the predominant type to be subtype C. Nine isolates were designated not typable. This is attributable to either low viral load or new emerging strains that could not be detected by the database used in phylogenetic analysis. CONCLUSION: Data predicts that there is possible emergence of BC circulating recombinant form (CRF) because we also identified subtype B. We suggest that as subtype C remains a guide for tracking the sources of infection in PNG that both subtypes C and B (and any other subtypes that may be identified in future) be included in the future vaccine for use in Papua New Guinea since some potential vaccines work only against particular subtypes assuming that nearly all subtypes identified so far are responsive to ant-retroviral drugs.
Quality of documentation of urethral catheterization in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
Tijani KH, Lawal AO, Ojewola RW … +1 more , Badmus TA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913524
BACKGROUND: Urethral catheterization is a common minimally invasive procedure with well-known complications some of which may be severe. Quite often, a clinician is invited to manage the short and long-term complications...
BACKGROUND: Urethral catheterization is a common minimally invasive procedure with well-known complications some of which may be severe. Quite often, a clinician is invited to manage the short and long-term complications of the procedure without adequate records of the procedure itself. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the quality of documentation of urethral catheterization in our health institution. METHODS: This prospective study was carried out over a period of 1 month. The documentations in the medical notes and nursing records with respect to urethral catheterisation were assessed using 10 different parameters with the aid of a pro-forma. Statistical analysis was done with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULTS: A total of 89 patients were catheterised in the wards, the emergency departments and the theatre. All the catheterizations were performed by doctors. The overall quality of documentation of catheterisation was poor: It was significantly worse in the medical notes than the nursing records with 28% of all cases documented by the nurses not documented by the physicians. Documentation in the theatre and emergency were worse, while there was no documentation of aseptic technique in any patient. An 11% incidence of complications was noted. CONCLUSION: The quality of record keeping concerning urethral catheterization was inadequate. This is important not only for patients' care, but also for medico-legal purposes. We therefore recommend regular audit and introduction of protocols for proper documentation.
Extracts of Cnestis ferruginea and Rawolfia vomitoria affect blood chemistry and GABAergic neurotransmission in ketamine-induced psychotic rats.
Ebuehi DA, Aleshinloye OO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913523
BACKGROUND: Plants such as Cnestis ferruginea and Rauwolfia vomitoria, are a great source of medicines especially in traditional medicine, which are useful in the treatment of diseases, e.g. depression. OBJECTIVES: The e...
BACKGROUND: Plants such as Cnestis ferruginea and Rauwolfia vomitoria, are a great source of medicines especially in traditional medicine, which are useful in the treatment of diseases, e.g. depression. OBJECTIVES: The effects of aqueous extract of Cnestis ferruginea and ethanolic extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria on blood chemistry and GABAergic neurotransmission were investigated. METHODS: Twenty Sprague Dawley rats (164 +/- 13g) were divided equally into 5 groups, A-E. Psychosis was induced by orally administering 25 mg ketamine hydrochloride/kg body weight for 14 days. On the 15th day, groups B and C received 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg body weight of aqueous fruit extract of Cnestis ferruginea respectively, groups D and E received 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg body weight of ethanolic root extract of R. vomitoria, while the control, group A received 1 ml saline daily for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed, brain, liver and heart were excised and weighed. Blood was obtained and haematological parameters such as, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts were determined. Serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, serum albumin, cholesterol and total protein were determined. Brain glutamate, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) concentrations and glutamate decarboxylase activity (GAD) were assayed. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in serum ALP, ALT activities and serum albumin level in R. vomitoria treated rats, with no significant change in C. ferruginea treated rats compared to control. Brain glutamate level decreased in R. vomitoria treated rats, GABA level and GAD activity increased in both C. ferruginea and R. vomitoria treated rats. CONCLUSION: Data of the study indicate that extracts of C. ferruginea and R. vomitoria affected certain haematological and blood chemistry indices and mediated the enhancement in GABAergic neurotransmission.
Physical activity levels of type 2 diabetes patients seen at the outpatient diabetes clinics of two tertiary health institutions in Nigeria.
Adeniyi AF, Fasanmade AA, Aiyegbusi OS … +1 more , Uloko AE
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913522
BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether physical activity is sufficiently utilized as a complementary therapy in diabetes management by the patients visiting Nigerian hospitals. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the level of p...
BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether physical activity is sufficiently utilized as a complementary therapy in diabetes management by the patients visiting Nigerian hospitals. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the level of physical activity of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients attending tertiary hospital clinics, and investigates the factors that may expose them to sedentariness. METHODS: Physical activity survey was carried out on 248 T2D patients randomly selected from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; and 248 matched non-diabetic participants. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Socio-demographic information in addition to any previous expert advice on physical activity was recorded. Chi-Squared tests and regression analysis were conducted at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Significant difference existed between the physical activity levels of the T2D patients and the nondiabetic participants (c2 = 57.1, p = 0.0001). Most of the T2D patients were moderately active (62.1%) and less sedentary (27.4%) compared to the non-diabetic participants who were less moderately active (30.6%) and more sedentary (37.5%). Being female doubles the odds of being sedentary (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.52-3.18) likewise increasing age, paid employment and fewer sessions of expert advice on physical activities encourage sedentariness. CONCLUSION: The T2D patients were more physically active at moderate levels than the non-diabetic participants, although, a substantial proportion of the T2D patients were sedentary. Lack of, or infrequent expert advice on physical activity, older age, being female and in paid employment may contribute to sedentariness among the participants.
Aetiology of vitreous haemorrhage in Guinness Eye Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a two year period (June 2007-May 2009).
Rotimi-Samuel A, Aribaba OT, Odeyemi MG … +6 more , Sonuga AT, Mbadugha CA, Ilo OT, Onakoya AO, Akinsola FB, Adefule-Ositelu AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913521
BACKGROUND: The Vitreous Humour is the transparent biological gel which fills the posterior 5/6th of the eyeball. Extravasations of blood into this delicate tissue may cause visual loss. OBJECTIVE: The study was to deter...
BACKGROUND: The Vitreous Humour is the transparent biological gel which fills the posterior 5/6th of the eyeball. Extravasations of blood into this delicate tissue may cause visual loss. OBJECTIVE: The study was to determine the causes and pattern of vitreous haemorrhage in Guinness eye centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive case series of all patients with Vitreous haemorrhage over a 2 year period (June 2007 - May 2009) RESULTS: A total of 5137 new patient were seen at Guinness eye centre during the study period. 13 of them had vitreous heamorrhage giving an incidence of 0.25%. 12 of the patients were males. The mean age was 41 year. The age range was from 14years to 69 years. Majority of the patients (69%) presented within 4 weeks of drop in vision. Vitreous heamorrhage was caused by trauma in 46% of the patients and proliferative sickle cell retinopathy in 30% of the patients. All the patients with vitreous haemorrhage due to proliferative sickle cell retinopathy had the Hb genotype SC. CONCLUSION: Trauma and proliferative sickle cell retinopathy were found to be important causes of vitreous heamorrhage in this case series.
Correlates of birth asphyxia using two Apgar score classification methods.
Olusanya BO, Solanke OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913520
BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia is commonly indexed by low five-minute Apgar scores especially in resource-constrained settings but the impact of different classification thresholds on the associated risk factors has not been...
BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia is commonly indexed by low five-minute Apgar scores especially in resource-constrained settings but the impact of different classification thresholds on the associated risk factors has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential impact of two classification methods of five-minute Apgar score as predictor for birth asphyxia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of preterm and term survivors in Lagos, Nigeria in which antepartum and intrapartum factors associated with "very low" (0-3) or "intermediate" (4-6) five-minute Apgar scores were compared with correlates of low five-minute Apgar scores (0-6) based on multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 4281 mother-infant pairs enrolled, 3377 (78.9%) were full-term and 904 (21.1%) preterm. Apgar scores were very low in 99 (2.3%) and intermediate in 1115 (26.0%). Antenatal care, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), hypertensive disorders and mode of delivery were associated with very low and intermediate Apgar scores in all infants. Additionally, parity, antepartum haemorrhage and prolonged/obstructed labour (PROL) were predictive in term infants compared with maternal occupation and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in preterm infants. Conversely, PROM in term infants and maternal occupation in preterm infants were not significantly associated with the composite low Apgar scores (0-6) while IUGR was associated with term infants. CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of birth asphyxia in preterm and term infants are likely to be affected by the Apgar score classification method adopted and the clinical implications for optimal resuscitation practices merit attention in resource-constrained settings.
Neonatal tetanus: the Massey Street Children's Hospital experience.
Adeniyi OF, Mabogunje CA, Okoromah CN … +1 more , Renner JK
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2010 · PMID 21913519
BACKGROUND: Neonatal tetanus (NNT), a major cause of neonatal deaths in the developing world appears to be on the downward trend in recent years. At the Massey Street Children's Hospital (MSCH), a foremost paediatric cen...
BACKGROUND: Neonatal tetanus (NNT), a major cause of neonatal deaths in the developing world appears to be on the downward trend in recent years. At the Massey Street Children's Hospital (MSCH), a foremost paediatric centre in Lagos an unpublished review revealed that NNT constituted 15-20% of the neonatal admissions in the period 2003-2005. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the current prevalence of the disease, describe the clinical characteristics of NNT cases seen at the hospital and proffer solutions that would contribute to the elimination of the disease. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. The clinical record of 66 patients with NNT admitted during a 2 year period (2006-2008) was reviewed. The clinical characteristic of the patients, co-morbidities/complications and mortality in the children was determined. The immunization status, facility used for Antenatal care and delivery by the mothers was also noted. RESULTS: NNT constituted 2.5% of neonatal admissions in the 2 year period. The mean age of the patients was 8.8 +/- 3.29 days. 36 (54.5%) of the patients died while 25 (37.9%) were discharged home. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 54.5%. Recurrent apnea was the commonest complication seen. 27 (40.9%) and 37 (56.1%) of the mothers had ANC and delivered at the TBA clinics respectively. Only 2 (3%) of the mothers attended government hospitals. CONCLUSION: Though there is a reduction in the number of cases of NNT over the years (15-20% prevalence to 2.5%) the CFR at the secondary health facility still remains unacceptably high. The preference of mothers for TBA clinics rather than government hospitals is a major concern which needs to be addressed.
Pesticide residue levels in maize samples from markets in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Ogah CO, Coker HA, Adepoju-Bello AA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913518
BACKGROUND: Pesticides are used widely in agriculture to control destructive pests and hence increase food supply. Their use inadvertently leads to residues in food crops and the environment. Pesticides, by nature are po...
BACKGROUND: Pesticides are used widely in agriculture to control destructive pests and hence increase food supply. Their use inadvertently leads to residues in food crops and the environment. Pesticides, by nature are poisonous and exposure of humans to their residues may cause health hazards which include neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity among others. Evaluation of pesticide residues in food is therefore of public health importance and would help to ensure that levels are kept within safety limits. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and quantity of organochlorine pesticide residues in maize samples collected from various markets in Lagos State and compare values obtained with established safety values in order to highlight possible health hazards. METHODS: In this study, samples of white maize (Zea mays L.) purchased from different markets in Lagos State were analyzed for residues of organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric detector (GC-MS) after careful extraction and cleanup. RESULTS: The results showed that 96% of the maize samples contained residues of one or more organochlorine pesticides. Mean concentrations ranged from 7.9-52.0 microg/kg and maximum residue limits (MRLs) of some pesticides were exceeded in up to 7% of samples. The estimated total diet intakes (ETDIs) for aldrin and dieldrin exceeded their maximum permissible intakes. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that residues of organochlorine pesticides are present in maize in Lagos markets. Some exceed safety levels with possible adverse effects on human health. There is therefore a need for more stringent monitoring of the use of pesticides in agriculture and food storage in Nigeria.
Variations of crown dimensions of permanent dentitions in a selected population of Nigerian children.
Eigbobo JO, Sote EO, Oredugba FA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913517
BACKGROUND: Race, gender, genetic/ environmental factors contribute to tooth variations which could be in size or shape. However, little has been reported on dimensional variations in permanent dentitions among Nigerians...
BACKGROUND: Race, gender, genetic/ environmental factors contribute to tooth variations which could be in size or shape. However, little has been reported on dimensional variations in permanent dentitions among Nigerians. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pattern of variability of mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions of permanent dentition in Nigerians. METHODS: Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) tooth dimensions were obtained from teeth on dental stone models of selected 400 healthy adolescents aged 12-15 years using an electronic digital caliper. The descriptive statistics and the variability (determined from the Coefficient of Variation; SD/mean x100) were obtained using SPSS version 13. RESULTS: The mean tooth dimensions were larger in the males than in the females in all tooth types except in mean MD tooth dimension of maxillary second premolars which was larger in the females though not significant (p = 0.70). The coefficient of variation (CV) in the mean MD and BL dimensions ranged from 5.02 in the mandibula rfirst molars to 7.68 in the maxillary lateral incisors and from 5.38 to 11.07 in the maxillary first molars and the mandibular central incisors respectively. The least variable teeth in MD dimensions were the maxillary first molars in males (CV = 4.94) and mandibular first molars in females (CV = 4.88), while the highest variability was seen in the maxillary second premolars in females (CV = 10.46). In BL dimension the maxillary first molars were the least variable in both genders (CV = 5.22 in males, CV = 5.24 females) while the maxillary lateral incisors of males had the highest variability(CV = 11.90). CONCLUSION: The pattern of variation showed that the later-forming teeth in each tooth class showed more variability than the mesial members. The mesiodistal tooth dimensions were less variable than the buccolingual tooth dimensions.
Epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital, Benin City.
Egbagbe EE, Okojie OH, Amaize E
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913516
BACKGROUND: Poverty, overcrowding, homelessness, malnutrition and the AIDS pandemic has worsen the problem of tuberculosis in the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive with Nigeria being the fifth among the twenty-two...
BACKGROUND: Poverty, overcrowding, homelessness, malnutrition and the AIDS pandemic has worsen the problem of tuberculosis in the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive with Nigeria being the fifth among the twenty-two high tuberculosis burden countries. OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiological factors associated with the distribution of tuberculosis in Benin City, Nigeria. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive one and carried out in two major public hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria, namely University of Benin Teaching Hospital (a tertiary hospital) and the Central Hospital (a secondary hospital) within one year period. RESULTS: The results of study revealed more males were affected than females (1.7:1). The mean age was 39.9 +/- 16.7 years with the largest number of patients (71.5%) being in the age groups 21 - 30 years. The major defaulters to anti-tuberculosis drugs were those with primary education and no formal education, which together constituted 80%. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis was seen to be more common in males than females and the age group mostly affected was between 21 and 30 years. It still remains a disease of the low socio-economic status and those living in overcrowded environment. Compliance was poor amongst the uneducated and the poor.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe