Nigerian Quarterly Journal Of Hospital Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Characterisation of physiotherapy needs in a rural community in South Eastern Nigeria.
Igwesi-Chidobe CN, Odebiyi DO, Okafor UA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 24564093
BACKGROUND: The majority of the populace in Nigeria resides in rural areas, where there is difficulty in accessing rehabilitation services. Rural dwellers are often poor and marginalized, and have been reported to have a...
BACKGROUND: The majority of the populace in Nigeria resides in rural areas, where there is difficulty in accessing rehabilitation services. Rural dwellers are often poor and marginalized, and have been reported to have a high level of disability and functional dependence. They may therefore be in need of rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To assess and characterize physiotherapy needs in a rural community of South Eastern Nigeria. METHODS: A total of 400 individuals participated in this population-based cross-sectional study which included 'household members' aged 0-5 years and 12 years and above, involving 12 randomly selected villages from Nkanu West Local Government of South Eastern Nigeria. Distribution of the questionnaire was done by hand on a one-on-one basis, using the interviewer style. Information on infants and children was obtained from the heads of the households. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety six (49.0%) reported ambulatory problems; the problem were mostly associated with the spine 75 (18.8%), multiple joints 51(12.8%) and lower limbs 43 (10.8%) respectively. The highest developmental deficit was reported at three years 6 (18.7%). CONCLUSION: There is need to provide affordable community based rehabilitation (physiotherapy) outfits in this community.
Early outcome of open primary pull through versus staged pull through in Hirschsprung's disease: a single centre experience from Nigeria.
Ademuyiwa AO, Bode CO, Idiodi-Thomas HO … +1 more , Elebute OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 24564092
BACKGROUND: The treatment of Hirschsprung's disease has followed a trend from 2 or 3-staged pull-through (SPT) procedures to a single stage primary pull-through (PPT) procedure and from open surgery to laparoscopy-assist...
BACKGROUND: The treatment of Hirschsprung's disease has followed a trend from 2 or 3-staged pull-through (SPT) procedures to a single stage primary pull-through (PPT) procedure and from open surgery to laparoscopy-assisted, and trans-anal pull through procedures. The (PPT) procedure has the advantage of avoiding a stoma and its complications. OBJECTIVE: This study compares the outcomes in open PPT and SPT in our centre. METHODS: Retrospective observational study at a single centre from Nigeria over a 4year period. RESULTS: Of 46 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, 29 patients had pull-through procedures during the study period; 19 had SPT and 10 had PPT. There were 21 boys and 8 girls (M:F = 2.6:1). Five (17.1%) were diagnosed in the neonatal period and median age at surgery was 30 months (1 month - 31 yrs). The mean length of hospital stay was 30 days (+/- 7) in the SPT group while it was 16 days (+/- 3) in the PPT group, p < 0.05. Colostomy morbidity such as prolapse and skin excoriation showed statistical significant difference compared to other complications associated with pull-through (p < 0.05); however morbidity from pull-through procedures alone were similar. There was no statistically significant difference in post operative bowel habit irrespective of type of pull through operation performed (p > 0.05). Patients were followed up for between 3 months and 36 months. Two patients died giving a mortality rate of 6.7% overall. CONCLUSION: PPT significantly reduced both hospital stay and colostomy complications compared to SPT.
Aluminium-induced liver and testicular damage: effects of Piliostigma thonningii methanolic leaf extract.
Ighodaro OM, Omole JO, Ebuehi OA … +1 more , Salawu FN
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 24564091
BACKGROUND: Aluminium is believed to be non toxic and easily eliminated from the body, a belief which encourages its use in daily life. However, several studies have reported its hepatotoxicity and testicular derangement...
BACKGROUND: Aluminium is believed to be non toxic and easily eliminated from the body, a belief which encourages its use in daily life. However, several studies have reported its hepatotoxicity and testicular derangement in animals and humans. OBJECTIVE: The protective potential of Piliostigma thonningii (250 mg/kg of body weight) methanolic leaf extract on aluminium-induced hepatotoxic and testicular damage in Wister rats was studied. METHODS: Toxicity was induced in experimental animals via oral route using 0.5 mg of AlCl3 per kg of body weight (b.w). The toxicant and the plant extract were administered with the aid of gastric intubator for a period of 35 days at 24h interval. Thirty male Wistar rats (mean weight, 207 +/- 11.01g) were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group treated with 0:5 ml of olive oil (vehicle for the extract) and 1 ml of saline (vehicle for the toxicant), a second group treated with 0.5 mg of AlCl3 (toxicant) per kg bwt and a third group treated with 0.5 mg of AlCl3 and 250 mg of P. thonningii extract per kg b.w. The serum activities of liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) along with sperm function indices (sperm count, sperm motility, live/dead sperm ratio and total morphological abnormalities) were assessed in the animals. RESULTS: AlCl3 ingestion caused a decrease in mean gain in body weight, % sperm motility, sperm count and live/dead sperm ratio as well as significant (P < 0.05) increase in absolute weight of the liver, total sperm abnormalities, ALT, AST and ALP activities as compared to the control rats. The toxicant, however did not cause any significant (p < 0.05) change in absolute and relative weights of the testis and caudal epididymis of rats as compared to the control rats. Co-treatment of rats with P. thonningii leaf extract apparently subverted the induced-changes. Though, rats co-treated with the extract do not show visible signs of protection against AlCl3-induced sperm damage, serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP were significantly decreased following oral intake of the extract. CONCLUSION: Data of the study suggest that AlCl3 exposure particularly through oral route at a dose of (0.5 mg/kg b.w) is toxic and capable of inducing liver damage and testicular dysfunction in animals and possibly humans. Interestingly, Piliostigma thonningii extract (methanolic) at a dose of 250 mg/kg b.wt) was effective in protecting rats from liver damage induced by the toxicant.
Left ventricular geometry in Nigerians with type II diabetes mellitus.
Baba MM, Balogun MO, Akintomide AO … +5 more , Adebayo RA, Talle MA, Akinwusi PO, Abdul H, Danbauchi SS
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 24564090
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy is independently associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all cause mortality. In a relatively healthy hypertensive adult population, type...
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy is independently associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all cause mortality. In a relatively healthy hypertensive adult population, type II diabetes is associated with higher left ventricular mass, concentric left ventricular geometry and lower myocardial function independent of age, sex, body size, and arterial blood pressure. OBJECTIVE: The study is to investigate left ventricular geometry in Nigerians with Type II Diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional and it comprised 75 consecutive patients with type II diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension. Using a structured pre-evaluated questionnaire, the demographic and clinical data were obtained. All subjects had two dimensional (2D) and 2D derived M-mode echocardiography using Sonoline G60s Ultrasound imaging system with 4.2 MHZ transducer equipped with simultaneous ECG tracing. RESULTS: A total of 75 consecutive type II diabetic patients with or without hypertension were recruited into the study. There were 18 (24.0%) hypertensive-diabetic and 12 (16.0%) normotensive-diabetic males and Thirty-four (45.3%) hypertensive-diabetic and 11 (14.0%) normotensive-diabetic were females. Hypertensive-diabetic males had significantly higher left ventricular mass compared to normotensive-diabetic counterpart 207.05 +/- 41.5g and 156.00 +/- 27.1g P = 0.001. Similarly, left ventricular mass index was found to be higher in hypertensive-diabetic males than their normotensive-diabetic counterpart 114.50 +/- 29.2g/m2 and 92.28 +/- 20.5g/m2 P = 0.014. Hypertensive-diabetic female significantly had higher LVM compared to the normotensive-diabetics 196.06 +/- 41.5g and 161.54 +/- 31.6g P = 0.016. Left ventricular mass index was also found to be higher in hypertensive-diabetic female than their normotensive counterpart 118.52 +/- 27.8g/m2 and 95.75 +/- 23.0g/m2 P = 0.019. Hypertensive-diabetics had predominantly concentric left ventricular hypertrophy compared to the normotensive-diabetics 36 (69.2. %) and 5 (21.7%) P = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The study reported that hypertensive-diabetics have predominantly concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, higher left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index compared to normotensive-diabetic. Female hypertensive-diabetic had predominantly concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, while male hypertensive-diabetic and normotensive-diabetic had predominantly concentric left ventricular remodelling.
Fixed bridge prostheses management of epileptic patients.
Umesi DC, Oderinu OH, Adegbulugbe IC … +1 more , Oremosu OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 24564089
BACKGROUND: Epileptic patients in the course of seizures may suffer damage to or loss of teeth and other oral tissues. Moreover, they are at great risk during their seizures from aspiration of foreign bodies such as remo...
BACKGROUND: Epileptic patients in the course of seizures may suffer damage to or loss of teeth and other oral tissues. Moreover, they are at great risk during their seizures from aspiration of foreign bodies such as removable dental prosthesis or fragments of prosthesis. It is therefore, necessary to provide them a tooth replacement option that would be safe and not constitute a source of danger in the course of seizures. CASE REPORTS: Two patients are presented in this report that lost teeth as a consequence of trauma sustained during seizures. They both had porcelain-fused-to-metal (ceramo-metal) fixed bridge prostheses fitted to replace the missing teeth. The fixed bridges have been in service for seven years without damage despite the fact that the patients still have seizures at the same frequency as prior to treatment that are often associated with trauma to oral tissues. CONCLUSION: Fixed bridge prostheses are a viable tooth replacement option for epileptic patients that do not pose any additional danger of being dislodged, swallowed or aspirated in the course of a seizure.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: a case report and diagnostic challenges in a typical African setting.
Adeniyi OF, Olusoji O, Thomas MO … +2 more , Oduwole OA, Renner JK
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 24564088
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung an entity which results from a harmatomatous proliferation of the bronchioles constitutes 25% of the all congenital lung anomalies. Majority of cases of CCAM...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung an entity which results from a harmatomatous proliferation of the bronchioles constitutes 25% of the all congenital lung anomalies. Majority of cases of CCAM usually present with respiratory distress from birth, while others may present with recurrent chest infections in childhood or in adulthood. Most reports on CCAM have been on caucasian children and the diagnosis of the condition appears to be challenging unless there is a high index of suspicion. This report describes the case of a child who presented in late infancy and was initially managed as a case of hydropneumothorax, however a Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest confirmed CCAM. The diagnostic challenges is also addressed.
Histopathological patterns of ovarian tumours seen in Lagos University Teaching Hospital: a ten year retrospective study.
Onyiaorah IV, Anunobi CC, Banjo AA … +2 more , Fatima AA, Nwankwo KC
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21916045
BACKGROUND: Among gynaecological cancers, ovarian malignancy is the most lethal, largely due to the fact that it is not diagnosed until late stage. Information concerning the frequency and pattern of ovarian tumours in L...
BACKGROUND: Among gynaecological cancers, ovarian malignancy is the most lethal, largely due to the fact that it is not diagnosed until late stage. Information concerning the frequency and pattern of ovarian tumours in Lagos is scant. OBJECTIVE: To present a 10 year retrospective histologic study of ovarian tumours in Lagos, Nigeria. The aim is to document the histologic pattern, prevalence and age distribution of ovarian tumours. METHOD: The materials consisted slides, paraffin embedded tissue blocks, patients' case files and histology request forms of all ovarian biopsies received at the Morbid Anatomy department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos from 1991 to 2000. RESULTS: A total of 486 ovarian biopsies were studied out of which 203 specimens were true ovarian neoplasms. One hundred and sixty three (80.3%) of the true neoplasms were benign while malignant ovarian tumours constituted 40 (19.7%). Ovarian malignancy constituted about 7% of 203 gynaecological malignant tumours in the 10 year period under review. Tumours of germ cell origin were the commonest, accounting for 107 (52.7%) of the true ovarian neoplasm seen. Surface epithelial tumours constituted 56 (27.6%), while sex cord-stromal tumours contributed 32 (15.8%). Mature teratoma was the commonest benign tumour, accounting for 98 (60.1%) cases of benign ovarian tumours. It showed a wide age range of occurrence, with peak occurrence between 20 and 29 years. Serous cystadenocarcinoma (42.5%) was the commonest ovarian malignancy. Serous cystadenocarcinoma occurred between the ages of 20 and 69 years with highest frequency in 30-39 years age group, CONCLUSION: The germ cell tumours were the commonest ovarian neoplasm followed by surface epithelial tumours. This pattern is seen in most parts of Nigeria and Africa.
Salt-sensitivity in normotensive and hypertensive Nigerians.
Elias SO, Azinge EC, Umoren GA … +2 more , Jaja SI, Sofola OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913548
BACKGROUND: Salt-sensitivity increases the risk for the development of high blood pressure in susceptible persons and also increases the risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The study is to determine...
BACKGROUND: Salt-sensitivity increases the risk for the development of high blood pressure in susceptible persons and also increases the risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The study is to determine the pattern of salt-sensitivity among normotensive and hypertensive Nigerians. METHODS: Twenty-eight (28) hypertensive subjects (HT) and twenty-five (25) age-matched normotensive controls (NT) were given 200 mmol/day salt as sodium chloride for 5 days after control parameters had been determined. Subjects were regarded as salt-sensitive when change in mean arterial blood pressure (cMABP) between baseline levels and that after salt loading was > or = 5 mmHg. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure but not diastolic blood pressure rose significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively) in NT subjects while all the parameters showed significant increases in hypertensive subjects (SBP p < 0.01; DBP p < 0.001; MABP p < 0.0001). More hypertensive subjects (60.7%) were salt-sensitive compared with normotensive (52.0%) subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated pressor responses to acute salt-loading in normotensive and hypertensive Nigerians and salt-sensitivity was higher in hypertensive subjects.
Propofol versus halothane in paediatric daycase surgery: a comparison of the duration of induction and haemodynamic profile.
Akintimoye MO, Desalu I, Kushimo OT
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913547
BACKGROUND: Inhalational induction with Halothane is commonly used for anaesthesia in children. Its drawbacks include bradycardia and hypotension. Intravenous propofol has recently challenged this position. OBJECTIVE: Th...
BACKGROUND: Inhalational induction with Halothane is commonly used for anaesthesia in children. Its drawbacks include bradycardia and hypotension. Intravenous propofol has recently challenged this position. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare duration of and cardiovascular changes at induction of anaesthesia in children. METHODS: Sixty ASA I and II children aged 1- 7 years scheduled for elective daycase surgery were prospectively studied from January to July 2008. They were assigned to receive inhalational induction with halothane 3% or intravenous induction with 3.5mg/kg of propofol. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure as well as oxygen saturation were monitored throughout induction. The duration of induction as well as any complications were documented. RESULTS: Demographic data was comparable between the two groups. Duration of induction was significantly longer in the halothane group 8.23 +/- 2.34 minutes compared with 2.30 +/- 1.26 minutes in the propofol group (p < 0.001). Heart rate rose by 4.7 +/- 17.73 beats/minute in the propofol group and fell by 4.19 +/- 18.03 in the halothane group (p = 0.05). Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures fell in both groups with values being less in the halothane group. These differences were not significantly different (p = 0.189, p = 0.059, p = 0.058 respectively). Sixteen patients (33%) in the propofol group developed apnoea compared to 2 (6.6%) in the halothane group (p < 0.001). The duration of apnoea differed significantly between groups (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Halothane and propofol had similar changes to cardiovascular parameters during anaesthetic induction. The shorter duration of induction of propofol may be preferable for daycase surgeries.
Management of patients with obstructive jaundice: experience in a developing country.
Rahman GA, Yusuf IF, Faniyi AO … +1 more , Etonyeaku AC
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913546
BACKGROUND: Surgical Obstructive Jaundice can be life-threatening. Management of these patients can be a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic d...
BACKGROUND: Surgical Obstructive Jaundice can be life-threatening. Management of these patients can be a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic data of patients with obstructive jaundice, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings as well as surgical procedures done and immediate postoperative outcome in a tertiary health institution. METHODS: Patients who presented in a Nigerian tertiary health institution with surgical obstructive jaundice between. January 1991 and December 2004 were retrospectively studied. Information was extracted from clinical records, operation notes and histopathology records. Data was entered into SPSS version 11.0 for windows to generate frequency table, percentages, proportion, histogram and pie chart. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients with obstructive jaundice were managed during the study period. Majority of the patients were in the 6th decade of life. More than 50% of the patients have had symptoms for more than 4 weeks before presentation. Carcinoma of the head of pancreas was the cause of obstructive jaundice in more than 60% of the patients. About 47% of the patients had cholecystojejunostomy and operative mortality was 15.6%. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma head of pancreas is the commonest cause of obstructive jaundice in Nigeria with many of the patients in the 6th decade. Diagnosis and management continue to be a challenge especially as a result of late presentation and limited radiological facilities. Patients benefited from palliative surgical intervention in form of bili-enteric diversion.
Knowledge and attitude of women to exclusive breastfeeding in Ikosi District of Ikosi - Isheri Local Government Area, Lagos State.
Olatona FA, Odeyemi KA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913545
BACKGROUND: Infant malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge and attitude of women to exclusive breastfeeding in Ikosi district of Ikosi/Isheri Local Governmen...
BACKGROUND: Infant malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge and attitude of women to exclusive breastfeeding in Ikosi district of Ikosi/Isheri Local GovernmentArea. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross sectional study which employed a multistage sampling technique to select four hundred female participants. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. A woman was included if she was within the reproductive age group and her last confinement was not more than five years. RESULTS: Awareness was high (98.3%) but only about one third (39%) had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Almost all respondents (98.8%) felt that breastfeeding was important. Majority (73.3%) believed that breast milk alone is sufficient for the baby in the first six months of life while more than half (61%) believed in the appropriateness of breastfeeding in public. CONCLUSION: Given that a relatively high proportion of women had positive attitudes despite the poor knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, public enlightenment and continued health education especially in the antenatal clinics are pertinent to maternal and child care to attain the recommendation of 90% practice in developing countries.
Pattern of hand injuries among sawmill workers in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria.
Bamidele JO, Adebimpe WO, Dairo MD
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913544
BACKGROUND: About one-third of all work-related injuries happen to the hands, with enormous consequences ranging from deformities to mortalities. Characterizing injuries and their trends will allow safety managers to con...
BACKGROUND: About one-third of all work-related injuries happen to the hands, with enormous consequences ranging from deformities to mortalities. Characterizing injuries and their trends will allow safety managers to concentrate their resources on areas of safety that will be most effective in the sawmill workplace. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess pattern of hand injuries among sawmill workers in Osogbo, Osun state in Southwestern Nigeria. METHODS: Descriptive cross sectional study of hand injuries among 168 sawmills workers in Osogbo in Southwestern, Nigeria, using multistage sampling method. Pre-coded semi-structured pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires were used on sampled respondents. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 13.0. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty one (78.0%) of respondents had hand injuries at one time or the other in the recent past. Cuts accounted for 65 (38.6%) of injuries followed by pain and swelling at site of injury. A total of 107 (63.7%) of the respondents and 81.6% of those who had sustained injuries) has ever operated a cutting machine. Circular machine accounted for 88 (52.4%) of cuts, while 31(18.4%) was by plank or wood log. Only 38 (22.6%) of respondents had formal training before commencement of operations. Sixty-one (36.3%) of respondents have used protective devices at one time or the other, while 145 (86.3%) of respondents are willing to use protective devices at the next operation. Perceived factors leading to injuries among respondents included poor concentration (39.3%), carelessness (15.5%) and poor skills of workers (22.0%). There was a significant association between having ever sustained hand injuries and age less than 20 years, education less than secondary level, operating cutting machines or rolling woods and non use of protective devices (p < or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hand injuries are common among sawmills workers. This might have been as a result of poor skills of workers and the non regular usage of protective devices.
Accuracy of fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node enlargements. Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Akinde OR, Abudu EK, Anunobi CC … +4 more , Daramola AO, Banjo AA, Abdukareem FB, Osunkalu VO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913543
BACKGROUND: The usefulness of fine needle aspiration technique for cytology diagnosis of lymph node lesions has been a subject of controversy over years. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the accuracy of this techn...
BACKGROUND: The usefulness of fine needle aspiration technique for cytology diagnosis of lymph node lesions has been a subject of controversy over years. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the accuracy of this technique in the diagnosis of peripheral lymph node lesions, in our center, using histology diagnosis as a gold standard. METHODS: The cytopathological diagnosis of 49 cases of peripheral lymph node lesions seen in the Morbid Anatomy Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos from Jan. 2000 to December 2009 were compared with their corresponding histological diagnosis. Lymph node lesions were categorized into inflammatory, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non Hodgkin's lymphoma and metastatic. The sensitivity, specificity and positive as well as the negative predictive values of the technique were determined. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 79.6%, 95.9.0%, 79.6% and 95.9% respectively. For non neoplastic lesions, FNAC has a high false negative report. For primary lymphoid neoplasm, the sensitivity, specificity and both predictive values were above 80% while the procedure produced sensitivity and specificity values of 100 and 97.1 percent respectively in the diagnosis of metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION: Despite the pitfalls and limitations of the procedure, the study demonstrated that fine-needle aspiration is a valuable tool for the evaluation of peripheral adenopathy. But FNAC technique for cytological diagnosis of lymphoid lesions using H and E and Giemsa stains alone cannot be used as the sole diagnosis of lymphoid enlargements. Its accuracy can be improved with the availability immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry.
Juvenile delinquency among students of an approved sheltered girls' school in Lagos, Nigeria.
Ebuehi OM, Omogbemi KB
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913542
BACKGROUND: Juvenile delinquency is the involvement of a child younger than 18 years in behavior that violates the law. Its cost in terms of human potential, public safety and tax expenditures can be very high. Research...
BACKGROUND: Juvenile delinquency is the involvement of a child younger than 18 years in behavior that violates the law. Its cost in terms of human potential, public safety and tax expenditures can be very high. Research that assesses how and why children become delinquent is a sound investment, because it can provide the foundation for effective intervention in its prevention and control. OBJECTIVE: The study is to determine the factors associated with juvenile delinquency. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among sixty (60) students of the approved sheltered girls' school, Idi-Araba, Lagos, using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the respondents were within the ages of 10-18 years with a mean age of 14.2 +/- 2.0 years, 70% had attained primary school education. Of the 53.3% that dropped out of school, 65.6% did so from financial problems, 6.3% as a result of poor performance and peer pressure accounted for 28.1%. A total of 71.7% of the students were brought to the school by the police; 52.5% on account of roaming while lack of parental control, stealing, robbery and fighting accounted for 16.9%, 11.9%, 10.2%, and 8.5% respectively. Majority (58.6%) of the students had both parents alive while 12.1% had both parents deceased. About 25 (41.7%) of the respondents admitted to committing a crime out of which 88% was stealing, 4% were involved in armed robbery and 8% in house breaking. Of all the socio-demographics characteristics of the respondents explored, only their educational level was found to be significantly associated (p = 0.0197) with criminal behaviour. Mother's educational level (p = 0.0245), maternal alcohol consumption (p = 0.0173) and kind of treatment (0.0245) received from step mums were significantly associated with criminal behaviour. CONCLUSION: Poor parental supervision, poverty and peer pressure played key roles in delinquency among the juveniles. An effective prevention and control of juvenile delinquency will require collective efforts involving all stakeholders (family, government and non-governmental organizations) in child development.
Dental aesthetic self-perception and desire for orthodontic treatment among school children in Benin City, Nigeria.
Ajayi EO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913541
BACKGROUND: The availability of information on the individual perception of own's dental appearance and desire to uptake orthodontic treatment is of importance in the planning of orthodontic care within a population. OBJ...
BACKGROUND: The availability of information on the individual perception of own's dental appearance and desire to uptake orthodontic treatment is of importance in the planning of orthodontic care within a population. OBJECTIVE: The subjective assessment of personal dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment was appraised among Nigerian children. METHODS: The study was conducted among 91 school children (33 boys, 58 girls) aged 12 years old in Benin City, south-southern region of Nigeria. The satisfaction of the subjects with the arrangement of their anterior teeth and desire to straighten their teeth was determined using a questionnaire. The subjects were further asked to rank their dental attractiveness in relation to the photographs in the Aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The need for orthodontic treatment among the subjects was also assessed by the examiner with the Aesthetic component of IOTN. Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The result revealed that more than three-quarters (76.9%) of the subjects were satisfied with their dental aesthetics while 23.1% desired to have orthodontic treatment. The boys expressed significantly higher level of dissatisfaction with their dental aesthetics and a greater desire to have orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05). Most subjects (92.3%) rated their dental attractiveness in the "little to no need" orthodontic treatment grade on the AC scale. The normative borderline treatment need was higher than subjective borderline need but there was consistency in distribution of 4.4% in definite need treatment grade by the subjects and examiner. CONCLUSION: The majority of the children rated their teeth as aesthetically satisfactory but there were gender differences in perception of dental aesthetics and desire for orthodontic treatment among this sample of Nigerian children.
Assessment of genetic diversity of 12 populations of Azadirachta indica A. Juss from three different locations in Lagos State, Nigeria using RAPD markers.
Awodele O, Ogunkanmi LA, Oyelakin OO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913540
BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of plant materials typically result from the combination of secondary products present in the plant. Neem tree is a common source of natural products for development of medicines agains...
BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of plant materials typically result from the combination of secondary products present in the plant. Neem tree is a common source of natural products for development of medicines against various diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at determining the genetic relatedness of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) collected from three locations in Lagos State. METHODS: Leave samples were collected and DNA was extracted using Dellarporta method with modifications. Several random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were screened for polymorphism and amplifications and only six that showed good amplifications and polymorphism were selected for DNA amplification. RESULTS: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produced a total of 51 bands from 6 primers. Primer AC07 gave the highest numbers of polymorphic bands (12) while AG1 produced the least with 5 polymorphic bands when the products were run on agarose gel. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram generated, grouped the samples into one single cluster with two major subgroups. The 12 populations showed no variation in their genomic composition based on their location. CONCLUSION: This is an indication of homogeneity in the population of neem plants collected from different locations with a possible consistency in pharmacological activities if investigated.
Assessment of radiofrequency power density distribution around GSM and broadcast antenna masts in Lagos City, Nigeria.
Ibitoye ZA, Aweda AM
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913539
BACKGROUND: Global system of mobile communication (GSM) and other telecommunication technologies are now common place in Lagos state Nigeria. The introduction of GSM in 2002 considerably increased radiofrequency (RF) rad...
BACKGROUND: Global system of mobile communication (GSM) and other telecommunication technologies are now common place in Lagos state Nigeria. The introduction of GSM in 2002 considerably increased radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure of the public from telecommunications transmitting and receiving antennae. The RF radiation emanating from these devices, if above international limits may pose health risk to the public. OBJECTIVE: There is need for database of RF distribution level in Nigeria for safety assessment. The purpose of this study is to determine power density around different telecommunications antenna base stations and compare the measured values with the international recommended exposure limits in order to assess the safety of the members of the public. METHODS: A radiofrequency meter, Electrosmog from LESSEMF USA was used for the measurement. It is a highly sensitive device capable of measuring frequency between 50 MHz and 3.5 GHz. Measurements were taken at distances of 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 m from selected antenna base stations in Lagos state. The results were compared with the International Commission of NonIonizing Radiation and Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering/American National Standard Institute (IEEE/ANSI). RESULTS: Power densities obtained varied between 0.219 and 302.40 mW.m(-2) from the studied base stations. Comparison of the results with the ICNIRP and IEEE/ANSI recommended safety standards of 12000 mW x m(-2) and 5700 mW x m(-2) showed that the exposure levels are very low. CONCLUSION: Power densities of the RF radiation from telecommunication transmitting/receiving antennae were far below international standard limits. The measured values are not likely capable of inducing significant hazardous health effects among the people that are at least 6 m away from the antennae.
Effects of oral administration of energy drinks on blood chemistry, tissue histology and brain acetylcholine in rabbits.
Ebuehi OA, Ajayl OE, Onyeulor AL … +1 more , Awelimobor D
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913538
BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are canned or bottled carbonated beverages that contain large amounts of caffeine and sugar with additional ingredients, such as B-Vitamins, amino acids and herbal stimulants. Previous reports h...
BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are canned or bottled carbonated beverages that contain large amounts of caffeine and sugar with additional ingredients, such as B-Vitamins, amino acids and herbal stimulants. Previous reports have shown that consumption of large amounts of these energy drinks may result in adverse health consequences. OBJECTIVE: The present study is to ascertain if oral administration of energy drinks, such as "power horse" and "red bull", may affect blood chemistry, tissue histology and acetyl choline levels in rabbits. METHODS: Five ml of power horse and red bull energy drinks, caffeine and saline (control) were orally administered daily for 36 days to rabbits. Body weight, feed and water intake were measured every other day. The blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for blood chemistry measurement and their liver, heart and brain tissues were used for histological assay. The plasma, liver, brain and heart acetylcholine levels were also determined. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the body weight, feed intake and organ weights of rabbits administered energy drinks or caffeine as compared to the control. The blood chemistry results showed that the activities of the aspartate and alanine amino transferase, concentrations of plasma creatinine, uric acid and albumin were increased in the control as compared to the red bull and caffeine administered rabbits. The concentrations of total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose concentrations were increased in power horse and red bull administered rabbits as compared to caffeine administered rabbits and control rabbits. The concentrations of plasma and brain acetylcholine of rabbits administered power horse and red bull were significantly higher than in the control, while it was lower in liver and heart acetyl choline levels. The histopathological findings of the brain and liver show that there were no obvious histopathological abnormalities in the brain, liver and heart of rabbits administered power horse or red bull and caffeine as compared to the control rabbits. CONCLUSION: Data of the present study indicate that oral administration of the energy drinks, specifically power horse and red bull, affected blood chemistry, liver enzymes activities, but do not significantly affect the histopathology of the brain, heart and liver of the rabbits. This findings suggest that energy drinks may alter cholinergic neurotransmission and neural functions mediated by acetylcholine.
Carcinoma of the penis: experience from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos, Nigeria.
Ajekigbe AT, Anunobi CC, Tijani KH … +2 more , Banjo AA, Nweke IG
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913537
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of penis is rare in countries where neonatal mate circumcision is the tradition and in Nigeria it is a common practice amongst almost all the tribes. OBJECTIVE: This is to document the prevalence, a...
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of penis is rare in countries where neonatal mate circumcision is the tradition and in Nigeria it is a common practice amongst almost all the tribes. OBJECTIVE: This is to document the prevalence, age distribution, site and histologic types of penile carcinoma at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba over a 20 year period. METHODS: Cases of the penile carcinoma recorded in the surgical pathology register of the Department of Morbid Anatomy, the Cancer Registry and the Medical Records Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a twenty year period were reviewed. Information extracted included the age, site of lesion, and histopathologic type. The histopathology slides were reexamined to confirm the diagnosis and to grade the lesion. The data was analyzed using simple statistical methods. RESULTS: There were 7 cases of carcinoma of the penis accounting for 1.9% of malignant lesions of the male genital tracts in LUTH, 3 (42.85%) of which were on the shaft of the penis. The ages of the patients ranged from 42-79 years with a mean of 52.2 years, majority (42.92) of the cases were inthe 5th decade. All the cases were well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma of the penis is rare in Lagos, Nigeria. This may be attributed to the common practice of neonatal male circumcision in Nigeria.
Correlation of waist-hip-ratio and waist-height-ratio to cardiovascular risks factors in a Nigerian population.
Oboh HA, Adedeji AA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 21913536
BACKGROUND: Waist circumference; (WC) waist-to- hip -ratio; (WHR), Waist-to-Height ratio (WHtR), could predict cardiovascular disease risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between central obesity measured...
BACKGROUND: Waist circumference; (WC) waist-to- hip -ratio; (WHR), Waist-to-Height ratio (WHtR), could predict cardiovascular disease risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between central obesity measured by waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with cardiovascular risk factors. (serum lipids, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and blood pressure). METHODS: A total of 104 adults, aged 21-70 years, mean age 39.5 +/- 12.5 participated in the study. Height, Waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, serum lipids and fasting blood sugar were determined. RESULTS: Abdominal obesity as measured by WC, WHR, WHtR, are significantly higher in females. WC, triacylglycerol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) increased with age for both gender. LDL-C was not elevated; high HDL-C values were observed in 72% of the population. Fasting blood sugar levels were normal for all subjects. WC, WHR and WHtR were positively correlated with increased serum lipid sub fractions, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for both gender. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that central obesity as measured by waist circumference, Waist -to-hip ratio and waist-to height ratio is a good predictor of cardiovascular risk factors.
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