Nigerian Quarterly Journal Of Hospital Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The incidence of electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities in critically ill patients using point of care testing (i-STAT portable analyser).
Adekola OO, Soriyan OO, Meka I … +3 more , Akanmu ON, Olanipekun S, Oshodi TA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175907
BACKGROUND: Electrolytes and acid-base disorders are common challenges seen in the intensive care unit (ICU) resulting in difficulty in weaning patients off the ventilator, prolonged admission periods, preventable cardia...
BACKGROUND: Electrolytes and acid-base disorders are common challenges seen in the intensive care unit (ICU) resulting in difficulty in weaning patients off the ventilator, prolonged admission periods, preventable cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. These require prompt lab results most of which are done serially, ideally a point of care test (POCT), as most central hospital lab result's turnaround time (TAT) sometimes might not meet up with the urgency of clinical decision making in the ICU. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of electrolytes and acid-base abnormalities using i-Stat portable analysers in the ICU of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). METHOD: The i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer, a POCT system consisting of a hand-held analyzer and single-use cartridges that measure different panels of analytes in 65-100 microl of blood using an EC8+ cartridge type analyzer for sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, pH, blood gases [TCO2, pO2, pCO2]) and heamatocrit was used. RESULTS: Over 66.78% of the patients had multiple electrolytes and acid-base abnormalities. Azotemia in 20%, hypoglycaemia in 13.33%, and hyperglycaemia in 53.33% of patients. CONCLUSION: it is concluded from this study that electrolyte and acid base abnormalities is not uncommon in the intensive care unit of LUTH and the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer was helpful in facilitating early diagnosis and treatment.
Relationship between spasticity and health related quality of life in individuals with cerebral palsy.
Akodu AK, Oluwale OA, Adegoke ZO … +2 more , Ahmed UA, Akinola TO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175906
BACKGROUND: There is growing awareness of health related quality of life in cerebral palsy patients, though there is paucity of data in determining its relationship with spasticity in cerebral palsy patients. OBJECTIVE:...
BACKGROUND: There is growing awareness of health related quality of life in cerebral palsy patients, though there is paucity of data in determining its relationship with spasticity in cerebral palsy patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spasticity and health related quality of life in cerebral palsy patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. A total of fifty individuals with cerebral palsy, males (54%) and females (46%) within the age range of 5 years and 18 years (9.06 +/- 3.38 years) participated in the study. Measurement of spasticity was done by the researcher using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and the parents or primary caregivers of the participants were required to complete the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire, which is a 37-item questionnaire that collects information on the health related quality of life. Data was analysed separately for each of the six domains of the questionnaire using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficient on SPSS version 17 and the level of significance was set at p=0.05. RESULTS: According to the results, the domains of comfort and emotions with communication and social interaction do not have an influence on spasticity. The results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between spasticity and health related quality of life in cerebral palsy patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Personal care and mobility which are aspects of the health related quality of life should be paid more attention to, as they are negatively affected by spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy.
The perception of caregivers attending a Nigerian teaching hospital on teething.
Agbaje MO, Ayankogbe OO, Wright KO … +1 more , Adeniyi AA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175905
BACKGROUND: in November 2008. There was a national tragedy which recorded about eighty four Nigerian infant deaths due to the consumption of adulterated teething syrup- 'my pikin' administered to children by mothers to p...
BACKGROUND: in November 2008. There was a national tragedy which recorded about eighty four Nigerian infant deaths due to the consumption of adulterated teething syrup- 'my pikin' administered to children by mothers to prevent 'teething problems". This could have been prevented if they had been well informed about the teething process. OBJECTIVE: to determine the knowledge, understanding and beliefs of caregivers attending LASUTH immunization clinic about teething. METHODS: An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 260 caregivers of children aged 4-36 months attending the immunization clinic in LASUTH over a six weeks period. The questionnaire assessed their knowledge, understanding, beliefs about teething and the teething experience in their wards. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 30.4 5.3years. Fifty seven percent had tertiary education. However, none of the caregivers obtained information about teething from the dentist. There was an association between educational level and attitude to teething (p=0.002) as well as their understanding of the teething process (p=0.0009). Gum irritation was the most reported symptom observed in this study. Many of the caregivers had erroneous beliefs regarding the systemic symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea and vomiting which they attributed to teething. CONCLUSION: Many of the caregivers studied still had erroneous beliefs regarding teething. Thus there is a need to disseminate the right information about teething to care givers in this environment in order to discourage the use of the term "teething" for a serious childhood illness that might require prompt medical attention.
Intravesical migration of a failed and forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device after 20 years of insertion--a case report.
Jeje EA, Ojewola RW, Atoyebi OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175904
Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a commonly utilized reversible contraceptive technique especially in the developing world. Though effective, it is not immune to complications. Migration of the device is a rar...
Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a commonly utilized reversible contraceptive technique especially in the developing world. Though effective, it is not immune to complications. Migration of the device is a rare but serious complication which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. We report a case of a 45yr old woman who had IUCD inserted 20 years earlier and had forgotten about it since she subsequently had three full term pregnancies leading to successful vaginal deliveries. The forgotten IUCD was discovered incidentally during evaluation of the woman for haematuria as it had migrated to the wall of the bladder. The case is reported to increase index of suspicion as detailed clinical history is important in evaluating cases of haematuria.
Oral administration of vitamin C and vitamin E ameliorates lead-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the rat brain.
Ebuehi OA, Ogedegbe RA, Ebuehi OM
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175903
BACKGROUND: Lead toxicity is a public health concern. Lead is one of the dispensable and non-biodegradable heavy metals and is toxic even at low concentrations. OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the effect of oral...
BACKGROUND: Lead toxicity is a public health concern. Lead is one of the dispensable and non-biodegradable heavy metals and is toxic even at low concentrations. OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on lead-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the brain of rats. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley albino male albino rats (115.58 +/- 4.96g) were divided equally into five groups. The rats were fed rat chow and water ad libitum. Group 1 rats served as control and were orally administered 2ml saline every day for 7 weeks. Group 2 rats received orally 2ml lead acetate solution (60mg/kg body weight) every day for 7 weeks. Group3 rats received orally 2ml lead acetate solution (60mg/kg body weight) and vitamin C (40mg/kg body weight) every other day for 7 weeks. Group 4 rats received orally 2ml lead acetate solution (60mg/kg body weight) and vitamin E (150mg/kg body weight)every day for 7weeks. Group 5 received orally lead acetate solution at 60mg/kg body weight and vitamin C (40mg/kg body weight)and vitamin E (150mg/kg body weight) every other day for 7weeks. Three rats from each group were sacrificed after the fourth week. The remaining rats were sacrificed after the seventh week. Changes in body weight, liver weight, brain weight, activities of liver function enzymes (aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in the serum at week 4 and week 7 were assayed.The oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde(MDA), levels, catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) were determined in the brain of rats. Serum lead level of rats was also determined. RESULTS: The lead Pb exposed rats caused a significant (p<0.01) increase in bioavailable lead in the blood (p<0.05) as compared to the control. AST, ALT and ALPactivities were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the serum of rats exposed to lead as compared to the control. NO and MDA levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the brain of rats exposed to lead, while GSH level, SOD and CAT activities were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the brain of rats exposed to lead when compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Data of the study indicate that oral administration of vitamin C and vitamin E significantly reduced the blood lead concentration, ameliorates the hepatic damage and significantly reduced the oxidative stress in the brain of rats.
Multiple gestations/pregnancies from IVF process in a fertility center in Nigeria, 2009-2011: implementing policy towards fewer (double and single) embryo transfer.
Olukoya OY, Okeke CC, Kemi AI … +3 more , Ogbeche RO, Adewusi AJ, Ashiru OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175902
BACKGROUND: Infertility is a major problem in Nigeria, which has caused many couples to be burdened with physical, psychological and social issues. IVF (In-vitro fertilization) has played a major role in reducing the bur...
BACKGROUND: Infertility is a major problem in Nigeria, which has caused many couples to be burdened with physical, psychological and social issues. IVF (In-vitro fertilization) has played a major role in reducing the burden among infertile couples. However, despite the role of IVF in solving infertility in Nigeria, it is important to address the issue of rising rates of multiple births from IVF. Also to create a balance between the number of embryo transferred and easing the burden couples face from infertility. OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend/rate in multiple gestations from IVF, identify possible factors responsible and proffer ways to reduce multiple gestation rates. METHODS: We did a case series review from 2009-2011 of IVF cycles performed at a private clinic with an academic setting in Nigeria. Our primary outcome of interest was multiple gestations/pregnancies All patients identified with outcome of interest, were included in the study sample. We reviewed the IVF process of each patient using medical records from pre-evaluation to clinical pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound. We reported the multiple gestation trend/rate. RESULTS: 25 women with the mean age of 39.9 +/- 7.3 years had multiple pregnancies from 2009 to 2011. Of the 25 women, 24% of the pregnancies, occurred in 2009, 40% occurred in 2010 and 36% in 2011. In 2009, 83% of the pregnancies were twin gestations and 17% triplets. In 2010, 40% were twin gestations, while triplet, quadruplet and quintuplet gestations were 20% each. In 2011, 66% were twin gestations and 34% quadruplet gestation. The factors we identified that could have lead to an increase in multiple gestations from 2009-2010 included improvement in pre-evaluation work up, stimulation protocol, efficacy of the IVF lab and mean of 5 embryos transferred. In 2011, embryo transferred was reduced to 3-4. From 2009 to 2011, mean number of embryos transferred was 4.2 (95% CI: 3.87-4.47). CONCLUSION: Multiple gestations and associated risk from IVF in Nigeria can be reduced by reduction in number of embryos transferred and possibly by improvement in practice process. As the IVF process becomes more efficacious, fertility centres in Nigeria will not need to transfer up to 4 embryos in order to have a positive pregnancy; and as a result they can move towards two to single embryo transfer.
Trends in maternal mortality at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Olamijulo JA, Olorunfemi G, Olaleye O … +2 more , Ogedengbe OK, Giwa-Osagie OF
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2012 · PMID 23175901
BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that the burden of maternal mortality remains heavy in Sub-Saharan Africa; and that the fifth millennium development goal might not be achieved. As the target date 2015 draws near, we c...
BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that the burden of maternal mortality remains heavy in Sub-Saharan Africa; and that the fifth millennium development goal might not be achieved. As the target date 2015 draws near, we carried out a review of maternal mortality in a Teaching Hospital unitto assess the current situation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), the clinical causes of maternal deaths and the numerical and etiological trends in maternal mortality at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). METHOD: The records of births and maternal deaths at LUTH over a five year period were reviewed. The data collected was analyzed to determine the maternal mortality ratio, the socio-biological factors associated with maternal death and the clinical causes. Comparisons are made with findings from previous studies done in LUTH and elsewhere. RESULTS: The maternal mortality ratio was 2096 per 100000 live births. The mortality ratio has more than doubled over a period of 3 decades. Unbooked patients accounted for 7.1% of deliveries but contributed 88.1% of the maternal deaths.Majority (59.0%) of the deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. The main clinical causes of death included sepsis (17.9%), hypertensive diseases (17.9%), abortion (11.2%), HIV/AIDS infection (11.2%)), haemorrhage (9.0%) and medical disorders (18.7%). CONCLUSION: The maternal mortality ratio remains high in our unit in line with some other reports from Nigeria but in contrast to the trends in other developed and developing countries. Unless urgent action is taken, the 5th millennium development goal may not be achieved.
Implementing the new WHO guidelines for the early detection of sensorineural hearing loss in newborns and infants in Nigeria.
Olusanya BO, Okhakhu AL, Somefun AO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175900
This brief educational update examines the key recommendations in the new report of the World Health Organisation on newborn and infant hearing screening within the Nigerian context. While acknowledging the goal of unive...
This brief educational update examines the key recommendations in the new report of the World Health Organisation on newborn and infant hearing screening within the Nigerian context. While acknowledging the goal of universal newborn hearing screening as desirable, the authors highlight the need for all tertiary hospitals in the country to be appropriately equipped to provide at the minimum early hearing detection services for all high-risk newborns including those delivered by consanguineous parents, those with maternal hypertensive disorders, nonelective caesarean section and unskilled birth attendants. In addition to conventional risk factors for infant hearing loss, microcephalic and undernourished infants should be tested based on evidence from local pilot studies. Primary and secondary-level hospitals should maintain an active referral system to the tertiary centres within a multidisciplinary framework to assure the best of care for the affected infants.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of DAS-77 (a herbal preparation).
Akindele AJ, Awodele O, Alagbaoso AA … +1 more , Adeyemi OO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175899
BACKGROUND: DAS-77 is a traditional herbal preparation composed of the young callous bark of mango (Mangifera indica Linn., Anacardiaceae) and the dried root of pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn., Caricaceae). This phytomedicin...
BACKGROUND: DAS-77 is a traditional herbal preparation composed of the young callous bark of mango (Mangifera indica Linn., Anacardiaceae) and the dried root of pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn., Caricaceae). This phytomedicine is claimed to have beneficial effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhoea. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidiarrhoeal effect of DAS-77 using standard pharmacological models. METHODS: Normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, and castor oil-induced diarrhoea tests wore carried out in mice while intestinal fluid accumulation and gastric emptying tests were carried out in rats. Acute toxicity test and preliminary phytochemical analysis were also conducted. RESULTS: The results obtained in this study revealed that DAS-77 had no significant inhibitory effect on normal intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, intestinal fluid accumulation and gastric emptying. However, the inhibitory effect of DAS-77 was significant (p<0.001) relative to control in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit test. Peak effect was produced at the dose of 100 mg/kg (p.o.). The effect of DAS-77 in this respect was reversed by pilocarpine and propranolol, but not by phenoxybenzamine. DAS-77 did not produce any mortality given p.o. up to 10 g/kg, indicating the relative safety of the preparation. The i.p. LD50 was estimated to be 1122 mg/kg. The remedy was found to contain saponins, tannins, phenols and alkaloids. CONCLUSION: Findings in this study suggest that DAS-77 possesses antidiarrhoeal activity due to the inhibition of intestinal motility possibly mediated by muscarinic and alpha adrenergic receptors.
A 5-year retrospective audit of orthodontic services in a tertiary hospital.
Sanu OO, Isiekwe MC
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175898
BACKGROUND: Orthodontics became a recognized specialty of dentistry in Nigeria about four decades ago with the provision of services at the Orthodontic Unit of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. OBJECTIVE: The st...
BACKGROUND: Orthodontics became a recognized specialty of dentistry in Nigeria about four decades ago with the provision of services at the Orthodontic Unit of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. OBJECTIVE: The study reviewed and appraised the orthodontic services provided at the Orthodontic Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos over a five-year period. METHOD: A retrospective study of first visit patients with various malocclusions seen at the Orthodontic Unit of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between September 2000 and August 2005 was conducted. The demographic data, date of presentation, presenting malocclusion, referrers for each patient, and types of orthodontic treatment received and where referred for further treatment were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 512 first visit patients were seen during the study period under review.There were 292 (57.0%) females and 220 (43.0%) males, with an age range of 3 months to 41 years and a mean age of 14.65 +6.43 years (S.D). Majority of the patients were in the 11-20 years age group (n=266, 52.0%). Angle's Class I malocclusion was the most common problems seen (n=360, 72.0%). Of all the patients seen, the primary concern was on their teeth arrangement which was found to be unsatisfactory in 273, 53.3% patients. There was increased awareness of their problems and this led about 44% of the study group to seek orthodontic treatment on their own. Fixed upper and lower appliances were the most common types of appliances used at the centre (n=265, 51.8%). Out of 246 patients who benefitted from one form of interdisciplinary treatment or the other, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Paediatric Dentistry departments treated 39.8% and 31.7% respectively. CONCLUSION: Angle's Class I malocclusion appeared to be the most common malocclusion among the patients seen. Patients seen during the study period were more aware of their need for treatment and fixed upper and lower appliances were mostly used. The low referral by doctors was observed. There is a need to better integrate more basic dental skills in the training of the medical students. The information obtained in the study will help with future manpower development, teaching, further research and improvement in services provided at the hospital.
Chest X- ray findings in HIV patients in relation to the CD4 count.
Akinbami AA, Adegboyega AO, Oshinaike OO … +4 more , Adebola PA, Enabulele C, Dosunmu OA, Adediran A
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175897
BACKGROUND: CD4 count measures the degree of immunosupression in HIV-infected patients. Immunosupression results in lack of ability of the body to fight infections thus predisposing the individual to infection; lung is o...
BACKGROUND: CD4 count measures the degree of immunosupression in HIV-infected patients. Immunosupression results in lack of ability of the body to fight infections thus predisposing the individual to infection; lung is one of the most susceptible organs. An important diagnostic tool in assessing the respiratory complications as well as the manifestations of HIV infection is the chest radiograph. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at determining the radiological features seen on chest radiographs of HIV/AIDS patients in relation to their corresponding CD4 count which is a measure of immunosupression. METHODS: This study was conducted at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) HIV clinic between September 2009 and August 2010 amongst all consenting registered HIV/AIDS patients. A total of one hundred and six consenting participants were recruited consecutively into the study, their blood samples were collected for CD4 count assay, and all the participants were sent for chest xray in the radiology department. They were asked to fill the structured questionnaire to obtain demographic data. RESULTS: More than three-quarters, 87(82.1%) had a normal chest radiographs. The abnormal findings included 13 cases of (12.3%) pulmonary tuberculosis, 3(2.8%) having bronchopneumonia, and 3(2.8%) lobar pneumonia. Majority, 32 of 87 of those with normal chest-x ray had CD4 count <100 cells/il while about half of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (5 of 13) had CD4 count >350 cells/il. All the three patients who had lobar pneumonia had CD4 count between 200-350 cells/il, while 2 of 3 patients with bronchopneumonia had CD4 counts between 200-350 cells/il, only 1 of them had CD4 of 100-200 cells/il CONCLUSION: About three-quarters of HIV-infected patients had normal chest radiographs, majority of those with normal chest x-ray were severely immunocompromised. While almost half of those with pulmonary tuberculosis had CD4 count >350 cells/il. The CD4 count level may not be an indicator of pulmonary infection.
Basic arthroscopy: a review paper.
Adekoya-Cole TO, Enweluzo GO, Akinmokun OI … +1 more , Orakwe DE
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175896
Arthroscopy is a key hole surgical procedure that is used to visualized, diagnosed and treat pathologies inside a joint. Though it offers numerous advantages, it is technically demanding and requires a learning curve. Mo...
Arthroscopy is a key hole surgical procedure that is used to visualized, diagnosed and treat pathologies inside a joint. Though it offers numerous advantages, it is technically demanding and requires a learning curve. Moreso, its uses in making diagnosis and therapeutic interventions are rewarding. However, the procedure is not yet widely practiced in our sub-region. This review to bring to fore the advantages of arthroscopic procedures, the indications and contraindications and to stimulate interest of these procedures in our sub region The literature materials on arthroscopic procedures were reviewed The era of extensive opening of joint for surgical procedure is coming to an end. The use of arthroscopic procedures in management of patients will improve the quality of care received by the patients. This review is to stimulate interest of arthroscopy in our sub-region.
Effects of ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit on serum lipid profile and kidney function in male Dutch-white rabbits.
Odesanmi OS, Lawal RA, Ojokuku SA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175895
BACKGROUND: Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit is widely used in Nigeria as a spice and for treatment of various medical ailments. Reports indicate that feeding of extracts to animals produced some toxic effects and pathologic...
BACKGROUND: Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit is widely used in Nigeria as a spice and for treatment of various medical ailments. Reports indicate that feeding of extracts to animals produced some toxic effects and pathological lesions in some organs. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effects of 10 days oral administration of the ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTE) on the lipid profile and kidney function in male rabbits. METHODS: Twenty healthy, acclimatized male rabbits weighing 1.4 - 1.6 kg were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control and received only water while groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bodyweight of TTE respectively. Fasting serum from all groups were analyzed for lipid profile and kidney function parameters using standard protocols. Data were analyzed using student's t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Tetrapleura tetraptera extract elicited reduction in serum triacylglycerols, elevation of LDL-cholesterol and alteration of kidney function parameters in male rabbits. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera may predispose to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
The assessment of plasma ascorbic acid, alpha tocopherol and albumin creatinine ratio in patients with chronic renal failure.
Oboh HA, Idogun ES
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175894
BACKGROUND: Albumin: creatinine ratio is used to assess chronic renal damage while the status of Antioxidant vitamins could be compromised in chronic renal failure patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of Antioxidant...
BACKGROUND: Albumin: creatinine ratio is used to assess chronic renal damage while the status of Antioxidant vitamins could be compromised in chronic renal failure patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of Antioxidant vitamins and Albumin creatinine ratio, in patients with chronic renal failure. (CRF) METHODS. Thirty patients (15 males, 15 females), aged 17-80 years old diagnosed as having chronic renal failure but clinically stable were recruited from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The control subjects were apparently healthy individuals. Blood and urine samples were collected for antioxidant Vitamin C and E, albumin and creatinine assays respectively. RESULTS: Plasma vitamin E level significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) while Plasma vitamin C showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), in chronic renal failure patients when compared to the control subjects. Albumin creatinine ratio was significantly increased ( p < 0.05) compared to the control groups CONCLUSION: There are reduced levels of plasma antioxidant vitamins C and E in patients with chronic renal failure. These findings suggest that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins C and E could be beneficial to slow down the process of progressive renal damage in CRF. However we advice that more interventional studies be carried out on a larger scale to truly establish the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in CRF patients.
The Nigeria high glycemic index starchy foods, obesity, and the environment.
Osagie AU, Omoregie ES
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175893
BACKGROUND: Glycemic index has generated a lot of debate for nearly 30 years, especially as it relates to the control for the treatment of diabetes. OBJECTIVES: This study determined the glycemic index (GI) of ten proces...
BACKGROUND: Glycemic index has generated a lot of debate for nearly 30 years, especially as it relates to the control for the treatment of diabetes. OBJECTIVES: This study determined the glycemic index (GI) of ten processed Nigerian foods and revealed their similarity in the release of glucose on consumption. METHODS: The food items tested were made from yam tubers, cassava tubers and local cereals. These foods were served to human volunteers in several processed forms which resulted in viscous pastes. RESULTS: The GI results are related to the increased incidence of overweight and obesity in the middle class Nigerians. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that these processed foods should be discouraged in the regular dietary plan if Nigerians desire to stay slim and save the planet by reducing carbon emission and climate change.
Haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in cord blood in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria.
Adediran A, Gbadegesin A, Adeyemo TA … +5 more , Akinbami A, Osunkalu VO, Ogbenna AA, Temiye EO, Akanmu AS
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175892
BACKGROUND: Haemoglobin(Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) concentrations of cord blood of babies born at term at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Maternity Centre (Ayinke House), Ikeja in the South-Western part of...
BACKGROUND: Haemoglobin(Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) concentrations of cord blood of babies born at term at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Maternity Centre (Ayinke House), Ikeja in the South-Western part of Nigeria were determined to establish mean values for these substances in our locality. OBJECTIVES: To establish the mean values for haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of cord blood of babies born at term in our environment and to determine the prevalence of foetal anaemia and low iron store in cord blood in our locality. METHODS: Haemoglobin and ferritin levels in cord blood of 142 newborns were determined. Two millilitres of blood was collected from the cord of each newborn into EDTA bottle for complete blood count analysis and another 2mls into a plain bottle for serum ferritin assay. Cut-off values for cord blood Hb and serum ferritin concentrations were 12.5g/dL and 60 microg/L respectively. RESULTS: The mean Hb and ferritin values were 13.024 +/- 2.41 g/dL and 70.85 +/- 97.07 microg/dL respectively. The prevalence of foetal anaemia is 32.4 %. About 59.2% of full term newborns had low iron store. Birth weight was significantly associated with Hb concentration (p=0.039) and apga sscore (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of foetal anaemia was 32.4%. More than half (59.2%) of the newborns had low cord blood serum ferritin.
The spectrum of malignant neoplasms in Ekiti State, south-west Nigeria.
Awolola NA, Komolafe AO, Ojo OO … +3 more , Taiwo OJ, Odesanmi WO, Ajumobi KO
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175891
BACKGROUND: Geographic pathology is an accepted basis for unravelling trends of disease patterns. Proper documentation at the initial stage assists in establishing a foundation data. The authors are not aware of a docume...
BACKGROUND: Geographic pathology is an accepted basis for unravelling trends of disease patterns. Proper documentation at the initial stage assists in establishing a foundation data. The authors are not aware of a documented pattern of malignant neoplasm in Ekiti State. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to update the available literature on malignant neoplasms and compare our findings with previous work done by other investigators. METHODS: The estimates are based on a systematic retrospective survey of cancer cases identified in the Pathology Laboratories of Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti and University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti for the period; January 2002 to December 2009. The data recorded on each case were: source of information (histology or cytology), name, age, and sex, date of diagnosis and site of tumour. Tumour site and histology were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10 for presentation in tabular form. RESULTS: A total of 498 cancers were recorded. There were 177 (35.5%) males with average age of 54.5 years and 321 (64.5%) females with average age of 48.6 years. The estimated Crude Incidence (CI) rates for all cancer sites are 14.7 for males and 27.4 for females, per 100,000 population. In males, the most frequent cancer is prostate cancer (37.9%) followed by cancer of the liver (10.7%) and NonHodgkin's Lymphoma, NHL (7.9%). In females, the most common cancer is that of the breast (49.3%) followed by the cervix (8.5%) and the ovary (5.32%). A total of 28 childhood cancers were registered (17 males, 11 females). The most frequent tumours were Burkitt's lymphoma (8 cases) and soft tissue sarcomas (3 cases). CONCLUSION: This study shows that malignant neoplasms are not uncommon in Ekiti State. There is underreporting of cases as the crude incidence rates are low. This study will serve as baseline to more population-based studies in future.
The antifertility effect of amodiaquine hydrochloride.
Gbotolorun SC, Osinubi AA, Oremosu AA … +1 more , Noronha CC
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175890
BACKGROUND: A number of antimalarial compounds and herbs have been reported to possess antifertility actions. Amodiaquine (AQ) belongs to the same class of drugs as chloroquine. Chloroquine has been reported to disrupt t...
BACKGROUND: A number of antimalarial compounds and herbs have been reported to possess antifertility actions. Amodiaquine (AQ) belongs to the same class of drugs as chloroquine. Chloroquine has been reported to disrupt the oestrus cycle, block ovulation and consequently reduce fertility. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the administration of amodiaquine hydrochloride (AQ.HCl) on fertility in the adult cyclic Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Thirty cycling female albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 120 g were used in this experiment. They were divided into six experimental groups. Groups 1A, 1B and 1C- received peroral (p.o.) 6 mg/kg bw of AQ.HCl, 12 mg/kg bw of AQ.HCl and distilled water for 28 days respectively to determine the effect of AQ.HCl on the oestrous cycle. Groups 2A, 2B and 2C- received a single dose p.o. of 6 mg/kg bw of AQ.HCl, 12 mg/kg bw of AQ.HCl and distilled water at 9 a.m. on proestrus respectively to determine the effect of AQ.HCl on ovulation and the serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolatin (PRL). RESULTS: AQ.HCl disrupted the oestrous cycle by producing a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the diestrus phase and a reduction in the other phases when compared with the control. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the number of ova shed on estrus was observed however, there was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of FSH, LH and PRL when compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of AQ.HCl distrupts the oestrous cycle and ovulation by increasing the frequency of the diestrus phase and reducing the number of ova released at ovulation respectively. These events may negatively affect fertility in females of reproductive age.
Evaluation of linear dimensional stability of various combinations of dental stone and plaster.
Adegbulugbe IC, Oderinu OH, Shaba OP … +1 more , Oremosu OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175889
BACKGROUND: It has been observed that due to the cheaper cost of dental plaster compared to dental stone, casts on which most of the dental prostheses and appliances were being fabricated in various laboratories were oft...
BACKGROUND: It has been observed that due to the cheaper cost of dental plaster compared to dental stone, casts on which most of the dental prostheses and appliances were being fabricated in various laboratories were often mixtures of dental stone and dental plaster in order to reduce production cost. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dimensional stability of various combinations of Dental Stone and Dental Plaster mixtures used to make dental casts. METHODS: Alginate impressions of a master model of truncated metal cones were made and casts were produced by pouring with various combinations of dental stone and dental plaster mixtures. The linear dimensional differences between the inter-abutment distances on the casts were measured with an electronic caliper. One sample t-test and percentage differences were calculated. RESULTS: Dimensional variations for the distances measured using either 50% dental stone or 25% dental stone with plaster were statistically significant (p d" 0.05). Mixture of 75% dental stone and 25% dental plaster produced casts with no statistically significant dimensional variation from the master model (p e" 0.05). CONCLUSION: A mixture of 75% dental stone and 25% dental plaster could be used for procedures not requiring very accurate replica like mounting of teeth for dental training and for study models.
Protective role of the methanolic extract of Icacina trichantha on sodium arsenite induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
Samuel TA, Akande IS, Ebuehi OA
Nig Q J Hosp Med · 2011 · PMID 23175888
BACKGROUND: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid, whose toxicity has raised a lot of concern. Humans are exposed to this metalloid through contaminated water, air and even foods. As a sulfhydryl reactive metal, arsenic has been...
BACKGROUND: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid, whose toxicity has raised a lot of concern. Humans are exposed to this metalloid through contaminated water, air and even foods. As a sulfhydryl reactive metal, arsenic has been found to cause extensive damage to organs such as the liver. It has also been found to be a potent clastogen, causing DNA damage leading to both benign and malignant tumors. OBJECTIVES: The anti-hepatotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Icacina trichantha on sodium arsenite induced toxicity in rats were determined. METHODS: Oral gavage of sodium arsenite was used to induced genotoxicity in rats and micronucleus assay was used to measure the number of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The determination of activities of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were used for the hepatotoxicity assay.. RESULTS: The mean number of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes (MPCE) per 1000 cells +/- SEM from the bone marrow smear was 57.50 +/- 9.71 in rats treated with both arsenite and extract compared to 129.00 +/- 16.34 in rats treated with arsenite alone. The serum ALT, AST and GGT activities +/- SEM were 67.04 + 3.71, 39.12 +/- 3.45 and 11.54 +/- 0.42 lu respectively for the rats treated with arsenite alone. Combined treatment of arsenite and the extract significantly decrease (p<0.05) in the activity of the enzymes, 29.75 +/- 3.43, 15.8 +/- 4.42, 6.87 +/- 0.433 lu for serum ALT, AST and GGT respectively. CONCLUSION: The methanolic leaf extract of I. trichantha modulated both the hepatotoxic and genotoxic effect induced by sodium arsenite in rats, which suggest that Icacina trichantha may serve as a hepatoprotective and anti-tumor agent.
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