American Journal Of Veterinary Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Augmented reality glasses improve real-time spatial tracking and surface-level annotations on the canine head.
Tipirneni Y, Arzi B, Blandino A … +2 more , Skouritakis CT, Goldschmidt S
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42297016 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of an AR interface for enhancing spatial surface-level tracking on a canine head hologram. We hypothesized that spatial accuracy improves when virtual...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of an AR interface for enhancing spatial surface-level tracking on a canine head hologram. We hypothesized that spatial accuracy improves when virtual guides are overlayed directly onto the head rather than when annotations are transferred from a separate screen. METHODS: We developed an augmented reality (AR) application in Unity compatible with XREAL's glasses that allowed users to annotate and interact with a realistic 3-D hologram of a dog head. Coordinate (distance) and outline (area) annotations were tested under 2 conditions: (1) transfer-seeing targets from a computer screen-and (2) direct-seeing the targets directly on the head. RESULTS: The mean distance error was significantly lower for direct versus transfer coordinates (2.73 vs 3.42 mm). Similarly, accurate area coverage was higher (83.7% vs 63.3%) with AR guidance. Completion times differed significantly between the groups for coordinate tasks (11.2 vs 8.19 seconds) but not for area tracing (25.7 vs 26.8 seconds). CONCLUSIONS: AR-guided visualization improved spatial accuracy for both distance and area metrics without reducing speed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings show that AR may be used to optimize surface-level spatial tracking on the canine head. Future work will focus on whether these findings can be translated to a clinical setting and if diagnostic imaging scans can be similarly overlayed onto the surgical plane to expand the medical applications of this technology.
Fecal Campylobacter jejuni shedding in healthy dogs and dogs with acute diarrhea in central New York.
Cummings KJ, Carney PC, Goggs R … +5 more , Siler JD, Sen P, Franklin-Guild RJ, Sams KL, Goodman LB
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42285144 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni infection among apparently healthy dogs versus dogs with acute diarrhea in central New York, identify risk factors for infection among dogs, and characterize...
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni infection among apparently healthy dogs versus dogs with acute diarrhea in central New York, identify risk factors for infection among dogs, and characterize the isolates to evaluate potential risk to public health. METHODS: In this prospective study, fecal samples were collected from dogs from January 2022 through September 2023. Exposure data on each dog were obtained via client questionnaire. Real-time PCR was used to detect C jejuni, and positive samples were subjected to bacteriologic culture. Isolate characterization via antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing was performed. RESULTS: A total of 212 dogs were included. The prevalence of fecal C jejuni shedding as detected by PCR did not differ significantly between healthy dogs and dogs with acute diarrhea. Campylobacter jejuni PCR-positive status was more common among puppies (14.3%) than adults (2.8%), and it was more common among dogs that had recently consumed table scraps or trash (9.6%) versus dogs without that history (2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: A history of acute diarrhea was not significantly associated with C jejuni PCR-positive status, although the relatively small number of dogs with diarrhea precluded a robust comparison to healthy dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Campylobacter jejuni was identified in healthy dogs and dogs with acute diarrhea, underscoring the potential for zoonotic transmission. Puppies and cases with a history of consuming table scraps or food waste may be at increased risk.
Metatarsal pad iohexol administration in cats undergoing computed tomography lymphangiography yields superior thoracic duct enhancement versus perirectal administration.
Andrews C, Case JB, Sheets CC … +8 more , Porter LT, Gilor C, Vettorato E, Solari FP, Williams RW, Ham K, Lubanski JM, Vilaplana-Grosso FR
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42285142 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of thoracic duct (TD) enhancement, time to enhancement, and quality after metatarsal pad (MTP) and perirectal region (PR) administration of iohexol in cats undergoing CT lymphangiograp...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of thoracic duct (TD) enhancement, time to enhancement, and quality after metatarsal pad (MTP) and perirectal region (PR) administration of iohexol in cats undergoing CT lymphangiography (CTLA). METHODS: Purpose-bred, healthy cats underwent 2 sedated CTLA at a veterinary teaching hospital between August and October 2025, during which MTP or PR iohexol was administered in a cross-over, randomized design. Frequency of TD enhancement, time to enhancement, quality of enhancement, and Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale scoring were performed upon recovery and at 1, 4, and 7 days after each scan. RESULTS: Bilateral TDs were appreciated in all 7 cats. Seven out of 7 and 6 out of 7 cats after MTP and PR iohexol administration, respectively, achieved TD enhancement. Metatarsal pad administration resulted in superior quality TD enhancement by both subjective grading (median MTP, grade 2 [IQR, 2 to 3]; median PR, grade 1 [IQR, 0 to 2]) and measured HU at T10-T12 (MTP, 452.5 ± 130.4 HU; PR, 91.17 ± 19.5 HU). Mild discomfort, which resolved spontaneously within 24 hours of injection without additional treatment, was appreciated in 5 of 7 and 3 of 7 upon recovery after MTP and PR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both MTP and PR iohexol administration are safe and effective in cats undergoing CTLA. However, MTP iohexol administration results in superior TD enhancement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although both MTP and PR iohexol administration effectively highlight individual TD morphology on CTLA in cats, MTP might represent a better choice for understanding the preoperative anatomy of the TD.
Serum adipokines are useful for predicting hyperinsulinemia secondary to corticosteroid treatment in horses.
van Eps AW, Bertin FR, Stefanovski D
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276125 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pretreatment biomarkers for predicting the severity of corticosteroid-induced hyperinsulinemia. METHODS: Oral glucose tests were performed before (day 1) and after (day 8) a dexamethasone course (0...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pretreatment biomarkers for predicting the severity of corticosteroid-induced hyperinsulinemia. METHODS: Oral glucose tests were performed before (day 1) and after (day 8) a dexamethasone course (0.08 mg/kg, q 48 h) in 24 healthy adult Standardbreds. Associations between day 8 oral glucose test insulin parameters (baseline [T0insulin], maximal [Cmaxinsulin], and area under the curve [AUCinsulin]) and day 1 serum markers (insulin, glucose, adiponectin, leptin, and their ratios) were examined using Spearman correlation, log-linked generalized linear models. Relative risk of exceeding specific insulin thresholds was evaluated for horses with pretreatment markers above and below reference ranges. RESULTS: Day 8 insulin increased by (mean) 11.5-fold (range, 2 to 37; T0insulin), 6.5-fold (range, 2 to 17; Cmaxinsulin), and 6.6-fold (range, 2 to 15; AUCinsulin) over day 1 values (P < .001). Day 1 adiponectin had the strongest correlation with day 8 Cmaxinsulin (ρ = -0.67; P < .001) and AUCinsulin (ρ = -0.68; P < .001). Day 1 leptin-to-adiponectin ratio had the strongest correlation with day 8 resting insulin (ρ = 0.68; P < .001) and was also the best predictor of day 8 T0insulin, Cmaxinsulin, and AUCinsulin on generalized linear model analysis (P < .0001). Horses with a leptin-to-adiponectin ratio > 1 were 4.9 times (range, 1.5 to 18.2) more likely to have day 8 T0insulin > 100 µIU/mL (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment leptin, adiponectin, and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio are predictors of corticosteroid-associated hyperinsulinemia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Adipokines warrant clinical evaluation as biomarkers of risk for corticosteroid-associated hyperinsulinemia and laminitis.
Clonidine-induced delayed gastric emptying persists despite prokinetic therapy in dogs fed a liquid meal as assessed by acetaminophen absorption.
Akers NM, Harmon AC, Dugas T … +2 more , Dirikolu L, Gaschen F
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276124 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide and azithromycin on liquid-phase gastric emptying (GE) in a clonidine-induced delayed GE model using the acetaminophen absorption test (AAT). METHODS: This was a rando...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide and azithromycin on liquid-phase gastric emptying (GE) in a clonidine-induced delayed GE model using the acetaminophen absorption test (AAT). METHODS: This was a randomized crossover study of healthy, purpose-bred, mixed-breed dogs performed in a controlled laboratory setting from May through July 2023. Dogs received 1 of 4 treatments 1 hour before ingesting a liquid meal containing 25% of their resting energy requirement and 20 mg/kg acetaminophen: no treatment (control), clonidine (0.03 mg/kg, SC), clonidine plus azithromycin (4 mg/kg, IV), or clonidine plus metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg, SC). Using high-power liquid chromatography, plasma acetaminophen concentrations were measured in 11 samples collected preprandially and at 10 time points between 0.5 and 24 hours postprandially. Time to peak concentration was used as a proxy for GE time. Results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with Sidak post hoc comparisons. RESULTS: 8 intact female dogs were included and received all 4 treatments in a random sequence. All dogs tolerated the AAT procedure well. Clonidine significantly delayed GE, increasing time to peak concentration from 80.6 ± 15.9 minutes to 187.5 ± 53.8 minutes. Neither metoclopramide nor azithromycin reversed this delay. CONCLUSIONS: The AAT identified delayed liquid-phase GE following clonidine administration. However, at the investigated dosages, metoclopramide and azithromycin did not mitigate clonidine-induced delayed GE. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The AAT shows potential as a clinical tool for identifying delayed GE of liquids, particularly in critically ill or postoperative patients.
Development and validation of a sandwich ELISA for measurement of angiotensinogen in feline urine.
Huang JHC, Lourenço BN, Coleman AE … +2 more , Berghaus LJ, Whitfield-Cargile C
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276123 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To develop a sandwich ELISA that measures angiotensinogen concentration in urine samples from domestic cats. METHODS: Recombinant feline angiotensinogen and antibodies against it were generated by a commercial...
OBJECTIVE: To develop a sandwich ELISA that measures angiotensinogen concentration in urine samples from domestic cats. METHODS: Recombinant feline angiotensinogen and antibodies against it were generated by a commercial source. Angiotensinogen protein sequence was confirmed through tandem mass spectrometry. A sandwich ELISA was developed and validated for precision, limit of quantification, dilutional linearity, recovery, and crossreactivity with feline albumin and angiotensin II. Fresh voided urine samples collected from purpose-bred cats (n = 3) and residual urine samples from client-owned cats submitted to a diagnostic clinical pathology laboratory (3) were used for assay development and validation. RESULTS: The assay showed good performance for measuring urinary angiotensinogen within a concentration range of 0.74 to 50 ng/mL. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 8.7% to 18.5% and 19.4% to 29.0%, respectively. Dilutional linearity following 2-time serial dilutions was ideal (R2>0.98), and there was a moderate recovery rate (102.7% to 137.7%). Minimal crossreactivity was observed for albumin and angiotensin II. Urinary angiotensinogen concentrations ranged from 6.03 to 514.24 ng/mL in the samples evaluated using this ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: The sandwich ELISA developed offers sufficient sensitivity and minimal crossreactivity for measuring urinary angiotensinogen in cats. Assay precision based on coefficient of variation percentage was deemed acceptable given the magnitude of concentration differences observed between different samples; the assay is not well suited to detect subtle differences in angiotensinogen concentration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Measuring urinary angiotensinogen is an established noninvasive method to evaluate intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity in humans and rodents. This assay allows for the investigation of this method in cats.
Survival outcomes in canine nasal tumors treated with megavoltage radiation therapy with or without toceranib phosphate: a retrospective study of 279 cases.
Mizuno R, Mori T
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276122 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether adjunctive toceranib phosphate improves survival time in dogs with nasal tumors treated with megavoltage radiation therapy using a simplified 2-tier, CT-based staging system. METHODS: The m...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether adjunctive toceranib phosphate improves survival time in dogs with nasal tumors treated with megavoltage radiation therapy using a simplified 2-tier, CT-based staging system. METHODS: The medical records of 279 client-owned dogs with nasal tumors that underwent CT and megavoltage radiation therapy from 2015 through 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were classified as stage I (no cribriform plate destruction) or stage II (cribriform plate destruction present). Survival time was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The median survival time was longer in stage I than in stage II (468 vs 191 days). Toceranib phosphate was administered to 44 dogs. In the overall cohort, dogs treated with toceranib phosphate had longer survival times than untreated dogs (389 vs 250 days). Stage-specific analysis revealed no survival benefit in stage I. In contrast, toceranib phosphate was associated with prolonged survival in stage II. Multivariable analysis confirmed that toceranib phosphate was associated with improved survival in the overall cohort and in stage II but not in stage I. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive toceranib phosphate was associated with improved survival in dogs with nasal tumors with cribriform plate destruction, whereas no benefit was observed in dogs without cribriform plate destruction. These findings indicate that the therapeutic effect of toceranib phosphate is stage dependent. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A stage-based treatment approach may be appropriate in canine nasal tumors, with radiation therapy alone for stage I disease and combination therapy with toceranib phosphate for stage II disease.
Modular guided tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy improves osteotomy centering accuracy compared to a freehand technique.
McCaw K, Fink B, Danis D … +1 more , Goh CSS
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276120 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of a tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) using a modular guide (OssAbility) compared to the traditional freehand method. We hypothesized that guide use would improve TPLO centering...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of a tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) using a modular guide (OssAbility) compared to the traditional freehand method. We hypothesized that guide use would improve TPLO centering and accuracy in the sagittal and frontal planes compared to freehand. Additionally, we hypothesized that surgeon experience would improve freehand unguided osteotomy accuracy but would not influence guided osteotomy accuracy. METHODS: A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with 8 voluntarily recruited surgical trainees from 1 institution. Each performed 18 total modular guided or freehand osteotomies in randomized order in a single session on bone models of 3 different tibial morphologies with 3 TPLO blade sizes. Bone models were photographed and osteotomies compared to a target optimal osteotomy. Correlation was determined with participants' clinical experience. RESULTS: Centering of guided osteotomies was significantly closer to the ideal planned location (95% CI, -0.85 to -0.15; P = .005). The difference in osteotomy angulation in the frontal plane compared to the ideal angle of 90° was lower for guided osteotomies (95% CI, -2.0 to -0.03; P = .042). The number of TPLOs performed clinically and osteotomy accuracy in the transverse plane approached significance; however, ultimately no statistically significant association was found between experience and freehand or guided osteotomy accuracy (r = 0.23; P = .055). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a modular guidance system improved centering of the osteotomy but did not improve accuracy in the sagittal or frontal planes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modular surgical guides may improve curvilinear osteotomy centering accuracy for surgeons of various levels of active training.
Continuous Bluetooth pulse oximetry monitoring in conscious and anesthetized horses: a pilot study.
Granacka V, Kapaldo N
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276116 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, patient tolerance, and accuracy of a wireless Bluetooth pulse oximeter sensor system on horses for an extended period. METHODS: A prospective, case-control, unblinded study involved...
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, patient tolerance, and accuracy of a wireless Bluetooth pulse oximeter sensor system on horses for an extended period. METHODS: A prospective, case-control, unblinded study involved 7 horses at risk of hypoxemia and 7 healthy controls. A wireless Bluetooth transmission sensor was attached to their nostril for a prolonged period. Sensor retention time, patient tolerance, and sensor performance in capturing valid monitoring points were recorded. During the monitoring, 4 samples of arterial blood were collected, and paired measurements (SaO2) and estimations (SpO2) of oxygen hemoglobin saturation were performed. Bland-Altman analysis was used for accuracy assessment. Data are presented as median values and ranges. RESULTS: Monitoring time varied between 28 and 492 minutes (median, 356 minutes), with 11 of 14 horses maintaining the sensor at the end of the observation period. The sensor was well tolerated, and valid captured data were recorded 84.66% to 100% of the time (mean, 98.17%). Forty-nine paired SaO2/SpO2 readings were analyzed, showing that the pulse oximeter overestimated SaO2 (bias, 1.16%; precision, 1.83%). Calculated accuracy root mean square was 2.15%. CONCLUSIONS: The Bluetooth pulse oximetry monitoring is well tolerated, easily maintained, and shows good agreement with SaO2 measurements in nonhypoxemic horses. Further studies are needed to assess its performance under circumstances of decreased blood oxygenation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Wireless Bluetooth pulse oximetry can be used in conscious, nonhypoxemic horses at risk of a desaturation event requiring continuous/prolonged oxygenation monitoring as an accurate alternative to blood gas analysis.
Single-dose intravenous α2-agonists do not acutely alter anti-inflammatory bioactive protein profiles but reduce interleukin-8 in equine autologous protein solution and platelet-rich plasma.
Brown KA, Max LNF, Struble SE … +2 more , Linardi RL, Ortved KF
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42269670 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Determine the acute effects of xylazine and detomidine on concentrations of selected growth factors, cytokines, and α2-macroglobulin (A2M) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous protein solution (APS) an...
OBJECTIVE: Determine the acute effects of xylazine and detomidine on concentrations of selected growth factors, cytokines, and α2-macroglobulin (A2M) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous protein solution (APS) and the long-term effects of these sedatives on serum A2M. We hypothesized that sedative administration would decrease concentrations of all bioactive proteins in PRP and APS acutely and A2M in serum for 6 days following sedative administration. METHODS: 6 horses were randomized to receive IV xylazine (200 mg) or detomidine (10 mg). Blood was collected before and 5 minutes after sedative administration for processing of PRP (Restigen PRP) and APS (Pro-Stride) and every 24 hours for 6 days. After a 2-week washout, horses were administered the other sedative, and blood was obtained in a crossover design. Platelet-rich plasma and APS were analyzed for concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, A2M, and selected growth factors and cytokines, and serum was analyzed for concentration of A2M. RESULTS: The IL-8 concentration decreased in PRP after xylazine administration. There were no other differences in the composition of APS or PRP after either sedative. Serum A2M concentration was unchanged for 6 days following sedative administration. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous xylazine decreased the concentration of one proinflammatory cytokine in PRP, with no effects on the composition of APS. Detomidine did not alter the composition of PRP or APS. The A2M concentrations were unchanged. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Xylazine and detomidine do not alter the concentration of selected anti-inflammatory proteins in PRP and APS and are suitable for use 5 minutes before the collection of blood for processing at the doses administered.
Oral pravastatin administered in food but not drinking water reaches target plasma concentrations in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).
Liles M, Knych H, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D … +1 more , Beaufrère H
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42259365 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma concentrations of pravastatin after administration in food and water over 3 days in cockatiels. METHODS: The study period lasted from May 5 through July 25, 2025. Pravastatin was administere...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma concentrations of pravastatin after administration in food and water over 3 days in cockatiels. METHODS: The study period lasted from May 5 through July 25, 2025. Pravastatin was administered as a 0.4-mg/mL solution in drinking water to 7 cockatiels and as a 0.2-mg/g food mixture to an additional 7 cockatiels. The water solution was reconstituted daily, and the food mixture was made once and refilled as needed. Blood samples were collected at 48, 52, and 56 hours after introduction. Plasma pravastatin concentrations were determined via LC-MS-MS. RESULTS: 14 adult cockatiels (7 male, 7 female) were used for this study. All birds were observed ingesting the pravastatin-prepared food and water. Birds receiving pravastatin in food exceeded target plasma concentrations (45 to 55 ng/mL) at all time points, with values ranging from 58.88 to 258.9 ng/mL (mean, 141.59 ng/mL). Birds receiving pravastatin in water did not achieve relevant plasma concentrations at any time point, with multiple values below the limit of quantification or undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: Pravastatin delivered in food as a 0.2-mg/g mixture exceeded plasma concentrations considered therapeutic in humans. Despite its hydrophilic properties, pravastatin administered in water at 0.4 and 4 mg/mL does not achieve clinically relevant drug concentrations in cockatiels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Food-based pravastatin administration represents a viable option for birds requiring long-term statin therapy for hyperlipidemia, reducing the need for repeated handling. Further studies are needed to evaluate pharmacodynamics at different concentrations and the efficacy of other statins in food.
Low serum albumin and elevated blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin and creatinine-to-albumin ratios are associated with mortality in dogs.
Pullens BJ, Ly C, Ebrahimie E … +2 more , Dehcheshmeh MM, Hedgespeth BA
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248206 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum biomarkers, BUN-to-albumin ratio (BAR) and creatinine-to-albumin ratio (CAR), have prognostic utility in dogs. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study utilizing signalment, cli...
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum biomarkers, BUN-to-albumin ratio (BAR) and creatinine-to-albumin ratio (CAR), have prognostic utility in dogs. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study utilizing signalment, clinicopathological, and mortality data collected from medical records of dogs presented to a referral hospital from September 2022 through June 2025. Dogs were stratified based on mortality. RESULTS: 327 cases were included. Nonsurvivors (n = 92) had significantly elevated BAR (median, 6.62; 95% CI, 5.69 to 7.61) and CAR (0.36; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.42) compared with survivors at 5.01 (95% CI, 4.52 to 5.50) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.31), respectively. Nonsurvivors had lower albumin (2.9 g/dL; 95% CI, 2.7 to 3.0) than survivors (3.2 g/dL; 95% CI, 3.1 to 3.2). Blood urea nitrogen was higher in nonsurvivors (18.8 mg/dL; 95% CI, 17.1 to 23.2) than survivors (16.0 mg/dL; 95% CI, 14.8 to 17.4). Survival analysis identified low albumin as the strongest predictor of mortality, with increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.01; CI, 1.32 to 3.07). High BAR, BUN, and CAR were associated with poor survival, whereas creatinine was not related to outcome. A random forest-classified model showed strong discrimination between survivors and nonsurvivors, with an area under the curve of 0.998 (Specificity, 100%; Sensitivity, 71.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurvivors had significantly higher BAR, CAR, BUN, and creatinine and lower albumin; BAR, CAR, BUN, and albumin outperformed creatinine in predicting mortality. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Biochemical ratios are easily calculated, have the potential to predict mortality in dogs, and thus warrant further investigation.
Feline health center initiative to track avian flu spread in cats.
Kornreich BG, Diel DG, Detar LG … +3 more , Frye EA, Goodman LB, Whittaker GR
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248198 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Evaluation of aquapuncture in the reduction of intraoperative hemorrhage in canine ovariohysterectomy.
Perry T, Shiau DS
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248196 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a presurgical aquapuncture intervention can reduce intraoperative bleeding during female dog ovariohysterectomy (OVH) procedures. METHODS: Female dogs admitted for OVH procedure were enrol...
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a presurgical aquapuncture intervention can reduce intraoperative bleeding during female dog ovariohysterectomy (OVH) procedures. METHODS: Female dogs admitted for OVH procedure were enrolled and randomly assigned to group T (receiving vitamin B12 injections at the acupoint point GV-5), group SC (receiving vitamin B12 injections at GV-14, an acupoint without hemostatic indications), or group NC (receiving no B12 injections). Vitamin B12 injections (dose determined by weight) were given 15-30 minutes before the procedure, performed by a surgeon blinded to group assignments. At the conclusion of the surgery, the gauze used during the procedure was weighed immediately by an individual blinded to subject's treatment group to collect the bleeding data. RESULTS: A total of 51 subjects were enrolled-15 in group T, 18 in group SC, and 18 in group NC. The mean (± SD) weight-normalized blood loss in group T was 0.13 ± 0.06 mL/kg, in group SC was 0.28 ± 0.16 mL/kg, and in group NC was 0.34 ± 0.22 mL/kg, which suggested that group T had significantly less weight-normalized blood loss than the 2 control groups (P = .003 and P = .003 vs NC and SC groups, respectively). The NC and SC groups were not significantly different (P = .999). CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that aquapuncture with B12 at GV-5 can reduce intraoperative bleeding during the female dog OVH procedure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The proposed aquapuncture intervention has the potential to prevent bleeding complications during surgery. It could also result in faster procedures and reduced swelling, inflammation, and pain at the surgical site as well as smaller incisions.
Cervical spinal cord compression may affect anesthetic recovery quality and seizure incidence in horses after myelography.
Theiss D, Douglas HF, Colmer SF … +5 more , Owens LA, Stefanoski D, Johnson AL, Hopster K, Midon M
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248194 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare anesthetic recovery quality and seizure incidence after cervical myelography in horses with or without cervical spinal cord compression. METHODS: Anesthesia and medical records from January 2017 to...
OBJECTIVE: To compare anesthetic recovery quality and seizure incidence after cervical myelography in horses with or without cervical spinal cord compression. METHODS: Anesthesia and medical records from January 2017 to December 2022 of horses anesthetized for myelography were retrieved. Patients with incomplete records, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis diagnosis, or an anesthetic protocol outside an established standard were excluded. Demographic analysis, ataxia score, and anesthetic management variables were recorded in an observational retrospective fashion. Each variable was compared between groups, and multivariable regression models were constructed to evaluate the correlation of each factor with 2 outcomes: recovery quality and seizure incidence. RESULTS: Of 270 cases, 194 were included in the analysis, with 44 cases in the compression group and 150 in the noncompression group. An association between an increase in body weight and worse recovery quality was found (score of 25 [relative risk ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.08]). Compression may increase the risk of a worse recovery (relative risk ratio, 8.89; 95% CI, 1.84 to 42.97). Horses with compressive lesions showed a higher, but statistically insignificant, incidence of seizures in the late recovery period. CONCLUSIONS: Heavier horses have a greater risk of worse anesthetic recovery after myelography, independent of age, breed, or ataxia status. Horses with cervical compression potentially present a higher seizure risk within the first 24 hours after myelography than those without compression but not in the immediate recovery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Heavier horses require more attention to the recovery phase. Horses with cervical compression may need close monitoring for seizures during the first 24 hours after myelography.
Volume kinetics of intravenous crystalloid and colloid solutions in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits.
Wen ZJ, Liao PT, Yiew XT … +1 more , Yu PH
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248191 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of characterizing fluid disposition-including potency, distribution, and elimination-of different IV fluids in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits using microconstant volume...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of characterizing fluid disposition-including potency, distribution, and elimination-of different IV fluids in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits using microconstant volume kinetic analysis. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized crossover study, 10 rabbits were anesthetized and received 25 mL/kg of lactated Ringer solution (LRS) and 6.25 mL/kg of 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 solution (HES), each infused IV over 20 minutes, with a washout period of at least 14 days between treatments. Serial measurements of hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, and Hct were obtained at preestablished time points and served as input variables for volume kinetic analysis. RESULTS: The prescribed doses of LRS and HES produced similar peak plasma dilutions, consistent with the convention that colloids are approximately 4 times more potent than isotonic crystalloids. The distribution and elimination half-lives of LRS were approximately 4.6 and 57.8 minutes, respectively, whereas those of HES were approximately 53.5 and 231.0 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Volume kinetic analysis is a feasible method to characterize fluid disposition in anesthetized rabbits. The potency, distribution, and elimination of LRS and HES in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits align with previously reported data in other mammalian species. However, further studies incorporating urine volume measurements are warranted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravenous HES demonstrates greater fluid potency and longer intravascular persistence than LRS in healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits.
Development and implementation of a multidrug-resistant organism surveillance program in a veterinary teaching hospital to support infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.
Yustyniuk V, Boyd M, Frerichs KE … +2 more , Granick J, Bender JB
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248180 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial resistance poses a continued threat in veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) increasingly identified in companion animals complicating clinical management, elevating tre...
OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial resistance poses a continued threat in veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) increasingly identified in companion animals complicating clinical management, elevating treatment costs, and presenting public health risks. To address the concern of MDROs in hospitalized companion animals, we describe the structure, implementation, and outcomes of a surveillance system in our veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS: Culture submissions from 2023 and 2024 were reviewed along with our surveillance response and activities at a Veterinary Medical Center. RESULTS: In 2023 and 2024, 1,599 antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on 1,534 bacterial cultures, with 6.8% and 10.2% of isolates identified as multidrug resistant, respectively. In a 2-year period, 239 MDROs corresponding to 212 unique patients were identified. The most common organisms were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus intermedius group (29.3%) and Escherichia coli (20.9%). Patients with multiple cultures collected accounted for 28 of 212 patients (13.2%). Fourteen of 28 patients (50%) had similar persistent MDROs, 8 had persistent polymicrobial MDROs, and 6 had different MDROs. Each MDRO detection triggered an alert in the medical record to employ enhanced infection control measures, communication with the clinician of record, and distribution of client fact sheets. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach demonstrates how a structured, data-driven approach can address antimicrobial resistance challenges and support stewardship efforts in a veterinary setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This program detected MDRO organisms and supported prevention strategies while engaging clinicians to consult with a multidisciplinary team on case management and treatment options.
Call me sterile: use of a novel, 3-dimensionally printed sterile guard reduces contamination risk during aseptic smartphone insertion into toggle-lock waterproof phone cases.
Worden NJ, Williams RW, Powell BB … +1 more , Biedrzycki AH
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248179 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of contamination events during placement of a smartphone model into 2 waterproof phone case designs and to evaluate a novel, 3-D-printed sterile guard for reducing contamination eve...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of contamination events during placement of a smartphone model into 2 waterproof phone case designs and to evaluate a novel, 3-D-printed sterile guard for reducing contamination events during phone placement. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized crossover study performed over 5 days in June of 2025 in an academic hospital setting. A 3-D-printed smartphone model coated in Glo Germ powder was placed into 2 different phone cases, a toggle-lock case (TgLC) and twist-lock case, by 12 operating room technicians daily for 5 consecutive days simulating standard aseptic technique. Each day, use of the 3-D-printed sterile guard was alternated between the phone case designs. A UV flashlight was used to detect Glo Germ contamination after each phone case simulation. RESULTS: A total of 100 simulations were recorded. No contamination events occurred when the sterile guard was used (0 of 50), and a 22% contamination rate (11 of 50) was observed without the sterile guard. All contamination events occurred with the TgLC design and at the site of the toggle-locking mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-D-printed sterile guard significantly reduced contamination events when placing a smartphone model into waterproof phone cases with the TgLC design. If a sterile guard is not used, the twist-lock case design may reduce contamination events compared to the TgLC design. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of smartphones for intraoperative videography and photography is common in veterinary medicine. The use of a sterile guard may reduce the contamination risk when placing smartphones into sterile, waterproof phone cases.
Targeted radiographic projections provide reliable quantification of proximal and distal canine femoral morphology in the absence of computed tomography.
Kahn SE, Marturello DM, West-Sommer AB … +2 more , Rutherford S, Perry KL
Am J Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42248174 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of 3 femoral craniocaudal radiographic techniques in assessment of femoral morphology using CT scans as the imaging modality of choice. METHODS: Candidates were assessed from September...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of 3 femoral craniocaudal radiographic techniques in assessment of femoral morphology using CT scans as the imaging modality of choice. METHODS: Candidates were assessed from September 2024 through October 2025, and those with a normal orthopedic examination were enrolled. Extended limb, sitting position, and horizontal beam radiographs and CT scans were evaluated for frontal plane alignment, with the following measurements completed by 2 investigators independently: anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle, and mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle. Angles were statistically compared (P < .05) between groups, and interobserver variability was evaluated. RESULTS: Femoral morphology of 25 dogs (50 femora) with body weights ranging from 14 to 45 kg was assessed. Horizontal beam was most accurate for anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle, and aLDFA, whereas extended limb was most accurate for mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, with each showing no significant difference from CT. Sitting position was not the most accurate for any measurement. All measurements demonstrated high interobserver agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.8 for all parameters). CONCLUSIONS: Proximal and distal canine femoral morphology can be reliably measured by specific radiographic views in the absence of CT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the absence of a CT scan, horizontal beam is recommended for accurate assessment of proximal femoral morphology in planning of total hip replacement and also demonstrated superiority when considering aLDFA measurements used for patellar luxation surgery planning.
Beyond the printed page: launch of the Technical Tutorial Video Supplemental Issue.
Fortier LA
Am J Vet Res · 2026 May · PMID 42217463 · Publisher ↗
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