Nigerian Medical Journal[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Knowledge and Practice of Disease Surveillance and Notification among Health Workers in Wamakko LGAof Sokoto, Nigeria.
Odelola OI, Raji FO, Akadri AA
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40703869 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Over time, disease outbreaks in Nigeria have been attributed to under-reporting by healthcare workers. Disease surveillance and notification are important for early detection of disease outbreaks, timely resp...
BACKGROUND: Over time, disease outbreaks in Nigeria have been attributed to under-reporting by healthcare workers. Disease surveillance and notification are important for early detection of disease outbreaks, timely response, and reduction of morbidity and death. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of disease surveillance and notification (DSN) among health workers in public health facilities in Wamakko LGA of Sokoto State. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 167 healthcare workers of all cadres in six primary health facilities. Data was collected from participants selected via convenience sampling method, using an interview-based semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Most of the participants were Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW) (34.1%). The majority were aware that some diseases required notification (98.8%), where or who to report/notify diseases (83.8%), and of the DSN system (68.9%). The practice of disease notification was also comparatively good. Educational qualification (p=0.004) and years of working experience (p=0.041) were found to be significantly associated with the level of knowledge on disease surveillance and notification. There was no significant association between the level of practice of DSN and the level of knowledge (p=0.515), work experience (p=0.303), supervision (p=0.372), and motivation/incentives to disease reporting (p=.293). The notable identified challenges to disease reporting were the non-availability of reporting forms and stationery. CONCLUSION: Even though disease notification and surveillance are common in Nigeria, the practice and specific use of the surveillance and notification tools still fall short of the standard required for effective monitoring of the trend of disease and forestalling outbreaks. Regular training and revision courses on DSN for healthcare workers at the LGA level, especially on the uses of each DSN form are recommended.
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmunity among First Degree Relatives of Patients with Graves' Disease at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Abdullahi UA, Bakari AG, Uloko AE … +6 more , Gezawa ID, Amin ZH, Abdullahi UF, Ramalan MA, Ibrahim UM, Sani NM
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40703868 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Graves' disease has a familial predisposition with about 15% of the patients having a close relative with the same disorder, while about 50% of the relatives of patients with Graves' have circulating thyroid...
BACKGROUND: Graves' disease has a familial predisposition with about 15% of the patients having a close relative with the same disorder, while about 50% of the relatives of patients with Graves' have circulating thyroid autoantibodies. This study determined and compared the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, and autoimmunity among healthy individuals, and first-degree relatives of patients with Graves' disease at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to study 87 first degree relatives of patients with Graves' disease comprising of 5.7% fathers, 3.4% mothers, 29.9% brothers, 29.9% sisters, 16.1% sons, and 14.9% daughters; as well as 87 age and gender-matched controls selected using a systematic sampling technique. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to the eligible study participants. Anthropometric and clinical parameters were measured, and blood samples were assessed for TSH, fT3, fT4, anti-TPO, and anti-Tg antibodies. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22 for Windows with an α value of ≤0.05. RESULTS: The mean ±SD age of the study subjects and controls were 29.4±9.0 years, and 31.6±8.8 years respectively. About half 45 (51.7%) of the respondents were males among the study subjects and controls respectively. Up to 12.6% of study subjects had raised thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Overt hypothyroidism was observed among 5.7% of study subjects and none among the controls. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were positive among 4.6% of the study subjects while 1.1% of controls had positive anti-TPO antibodies. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) positivity was found among 23.0% of study subjects, while 9.2% of controls had positive anti-Tg antibodies. CONCLUSION: Primary Hypothyroidism was the predominant thyroid dysfunction found amongst the relatives of patients with Graves' disease. The government and relevant stakeholders should develop a model that will mandate screening and follow-up amongst the first-degree relatives of patients with Graves' disease.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 as a predictor of acute kidney injury in obstetric patients.
Sachan R, Patel ML, Chaudhary H … +2 more , Shyam R, Ali W
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40703867 · Full text
BACKGROUND: This study seeks to evaluate the role of the combination of cell cycle arrest urine biomarkers, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) for ea...
BACKGROUND: This study seeks to evaluate the role of the combination of cell cycle arrest urine biomarkers, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) for early prediction of AKI in critically ill obstetrics patients. METHODOLOGY: This prospective observational study was conducted at Obstetrics Intensive Care Unit. Blood and urine samples were taken from critically sick obstetric patients on the day of admission, and the second urine sample was taken after 48 hours. Following admission, the APACHE 2 score was determined. According to the manufacturer's instructions, an ELISA kit was used to perform the final estimation of [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7]. AKI was diagnosed and staged as per KDIGO 2012 guidelines. RESULTS: At the time of admission, AKI was not present in any of the 131 critically ill obstetric patients who met the study's inclusion requirements. Only 127 out of the 131 patients were analysed, four patients were excluded, 3 patients died within 48 hours, and 1 patient left against medical advice. Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders accounted for the majority of AKI as risk factors (57.1%), followed by haemorrhage (48.1%), which included abruption in 19.5%, placenta previa/accreta/percreta (10.4%), and PPH (14.3%).Patients who developed AKI had a substantially higher mean [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7] on the day of admission (3.47±3.66 (ng/ml)/1000) than those who did not (0.22±0.12 ng/ml)/1000). ROC curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7] levels on Day 1. [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7] exhibited a sensitivity of 94.8% and specificity of 94% for predicting AKI at a cutoff value of ≥0.41(ng/ml)/1000, with a 95% confidence interval and an AUC of 0.990. CONCLUSION: Patient risk of developing AKI was accurately predicted by the urine biomarker [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7]. It also has good prognostic value.
Study of Management of Mucormycosis in COVID and Post-COVID Patients with Liposomal Amphotericin B its Outcome and Complications in a dedicated COVID Hospital from Eastern India.
Dinkar JK, Ranjan R, Priyanka … +2 more , Kumar S, Kumar N
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40703866 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection caused by Mucorales, has emerged as a significant concern in COVID-19 patients, particularly in regions heavily affected by the pandemic. Liposomal Amphotericin B is...
BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection caused by Mucorales, has emerged as a significant concern in COVID-19 patients, particularly in regions heavily affected by the pandemic. Liposomal Amphotericin B is the primary treatment modality for mucormycosis; however, data on its efficacy and safety in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis are limited. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the management of mucormycosis in COVID-19 and post-COVID patients treated with Liposomal Amphotericin B at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in IGIMS, Patna from Eastern India. Primary objectives were the study of liposomal amphotericin for the initial treatment of mucormycosis and treatment outcomes. The secondary objective was to study various complications of Liposomal Amphotericin B therapy. METHODOLOGY: In total, 121 adult patients diagnosed with mucormycosis and either active COVID-19 infection or in the post-COVID recovery phase were included in the study. The treatment outcomes, complications, and factors influencing patient prognosis were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software, including logistic regression and Cox Proportional Hazards modelling. RESULTS: Most patients achieved resolution of mucormycosis infection (70.2%), but the mortality rate was notable at 24.8%. Adverse events including nephrotoxicity (20.7%), infusion-related reactions (12.4%), and electrolyte imbalances (33.1%) were prevalent. Logistic regression analysis identified that older age ( = 0.002), diabetes ( = 0.01), delayed treatment initiation ( = 0.001), higher doses of Amphotericin B ( = 0.04), and pre-existing renal impairment ( = 0.01) were significant predictors of treatment outcomes. Cox Proportional Hazards modelling showed a trend towards improved outcomes with longer treatment duration = 0.06). CONCLUSION: This study provides added information into the management of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients treated with Liposomal Amphotericin B. Despite achieving a relatively high-resolution rate, the significant mortality and complication rates underscore the challenges in managing this fungal infection.
Ileostomy Versus Primary Closure in Typhoid Ileal Perforation in Patients with Two or More Poor Prognostic Factors.
Wada Z, Sheshe AA, Na'aya HU … +2 more , Ibrahim SE, Mohammed Y
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40703865 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Typhoid ileal perforation is a life-threatening disease affecting the northwestern Nigeria, with high morbidity and mortality, especially in those with multiple poor prognostic factors. The popular surgical a...
BACKGROUND: Typhoid ileal perforation is a life-threatening disease affecting the northwestern Nigeria, with high morbidity and mortality, especially in those with multiple poor prognostic factors. The popular surgical approaches are primary closure of the perforation and ileostomy. It is debatable which approach has better outcomes in our environment. This study compared outcomes of the use of ileostomy to primary closure in patients with two or more poor prognostic factors, assessing 30-day mortality, surgical site infection (SSI), and time to oral intake. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria over one year, involving 56 patients randomized into two groups: Group A (ileostomy, n=28) and Group B (primary closure, n=28). Exclusions included moribund patients, non-typhoid ileal perforations, and decompensated systemic diseases. Postoperative complications, mortality, and recovery parameters were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Results showed that 64% of patients were aged 12-20 years. SSI was high in both groups (71.9% ileostomy, 82.1% primary closure). Major complications like burst abdomen (32%) and fecal fistula (32%) occurred only in the primary closure group. Patients with ileostomy resumed oral intake earlier (2.30±0.61 days vs. 3.71±0.76 days). Overall mortality was 14.3%, with higher deaths in the primary closure group (21.4% vs. 7.1% in ileostomy). CONCLUSION: While SSI and mortality were more frequent in the primary closure group, the difference was not statistically significant. However, ileostomy demonstrated advantages, including fewer severe complications and faster recovery of enteral feeding. The study suggests that individualized surgical approaches, considering patient risk factors, may improve outcomes in typhoid ileal perforation cases. Ileostomy may be preferable in high-risk patients due to its lower complication rates and quicker postoperative recovery.
Exploring the Impact of Physical Activity on Cryptogenic Steatotic Liver Disease: A Nigerian Case-Control Study.
Ibinaiye PO, Egbo B, Baduku TS … +8 more , Taiwo FY, Iyua KO, Gabkwet AE, Igoh EO, Pam DS, Danjem MS, Salaam JA, Ani CC
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40703864 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Cryptogenic steatotic liver disease (CSLD) is a novel subject where the liver has significant steatosis but without a known cause or abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors. It is a growing global health concer...
BACKGROUND: Cryptogenic steatotic liver disease (CSLD) is a novel subject where the liver has significant steatosis but without a known cause or abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors. It is a growing global health concern with an unclear etiology. Despite the increasing prevalence of CSLD, particularly in regions undergoing rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes, there is limited research on its risk factors in Nigeria. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity and CSLD in a Nigerian population. METHODOLOGY: A case-control study was conducted in tertiary institutions in Zaria, Nigeria. A total of 362 participants were recruited, comprising 181 individuals with CSLD diagnosed via ultrasound and 181 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected, with physical activity levels classified into sedentary, mild, moderate, and strenuous categories. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed to assess associations between physical activity and CSLD. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.5578) or sex distribution (p = 0.9160) between CSLD cases and controls. However, a significant association was observed between CSLD severity and physical activity levels (χ= 172.1, p < 0.0001). Sedentary individuals had a higher risk of CSLD, while moderate physical activity was the most protective (OR: 0.001, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that an inactive lifestyle is a strong risk factor for CSLD. CONCLUSION: Sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor for CSLD, while regular physical activity, particularly moderate exercise, is protective. Public health initiatives promoting physical activity should be prioritized to mitigate CSLD progression and its complications. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore genetic predispositions and assess the long-term impact of lifestyle modifications on CSLD outcomes.
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: A Case Report of An Elderly Nigerian Woman.
Korubo IF, Amadi ES, Ukachi CC
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309557 · Full text
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an unusual presentation of urinary tract infection (UTI). Few cases have been reported in Africa. We present a case report of Purple Urine Bag Syndrome from the Niger Delta region of N...
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an unusual presentation of urinary tract infection (UTI). Few cases have been reported in Africa. We present a case report of Purple Urine Bag Syndrome from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The patient was a bedridden catheterized 71 -year-old quadriplegic female patient with a history of hypertension, and ischemic stroke. She was treated with a course of appropriate antibiotics and by changing her urinary catheter and bag. The patient's caregiver refused further care and signed against medical advice after forty-eight hours of admission without doing the requested investigations. Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare benign condition with a good prognosis.
Determinants and Prevalence of Paediatrics Return Visits to the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Hospital in Southeast Nigeria: A Retrospective Study.
Okeke CV, Obaji OV, Ogeh CO … +4 more , Chukwu OJ, Asiegbu UV, Okoro KJ, Ezeonu CT
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309556 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) return visits are an essential quality indicator, assessing the adequacy of care provided during the initial consultation, patient management, and subsequent follow-up. Des...
BACKGROUND: Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) return visits are an essential quality indicator, assessing the adequacy of care provided during the initial consultation, patient management, and subsequent follow-up. Despite the high burden of pediatric emergency cases, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and determinants of return visits in Nigeria. This study therefore aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of pediatric return visits to the ED in a tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for pediatric patients who visited the ED of the National Obstetric Fistula Center (NOFIC) Abakaliki Ebonyi State, from September 2022 to August 2023. Data on demographics, presenting complaints, diagnoses, investigations, and treatments from initial and return visits were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prevalence of return visits and explore associations with factors such as age, sex, type of caregiver, number of diagnoses, and duration of admission. RESULTS: Among 181 pediatric patients, 19 (10.5%) had a return visit to the ED. Most of these patients were 0-5 years old (80.7%), with a slightly higher proportion of males (56.9%). The most reported symptoms were fever (77.3%) and vomiting (44.8%), with malaria being the predominant diagnosis at both initial (65 cases) and return visits. Although male children (68.4%) and those with multiple diagnoses had higher return rates, statistical analysis revealed no significant associations between return visits and the examined variables. CONCLUSION: The 10.5% prevalence of pediatric return visits to the ED is a clear indicator of the complex relationship between illness severity, the quality of care provided and the health-seeking behavior of care givers in a resource limited health care facility. The study helps to understand some causes of return visits and develop strategies to reduce their occurrence.
Sociodemographic predictors of knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending primary health centres in Ethiope West, Delta State Nigeria.
Okwesa AA, Awunor NS, Okumagba MT … +2 more , Okwesa AO, Abolodje E
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309555 · Full text
BACKGROUND: A mother's sociodemographic characteristics influence her practice of breastfeeding and are vital in determining the overall well-being of the baby. This study assessed the sociodemographic predictors of the...
BACKGROUND: A mother's sociodemographic characteristics influence her practice of breastfeeding and are vital in determining the overall well-being of the baby. This study assessed the sociodemographic predictors of the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers attending primary health centres in Ethiope West LGA of Delta State. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 360 mothers of children aged 6-15 months attending six primary health centres in Ethiope West Local Government Area of Delta State. Data was collected on sociodemographic factors, knowledge, and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers. There were 8 questions that assessed the knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. A mother was assessed to have good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding when she answered correctly at least 6 out of the 8 questions. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 26.0. RESULTS: The respondents were aged 15-41 years with the majority (47.4%) being 20-29 years and a mean age of 28.92±6.89 years. They were mainly Urhobos (62.8%), married (78.9%), with about half (50.6%) of the participants in the lowest social class and about 43.3% having at least a secondary education. Most (78%) respondents had a good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding but only about one-third (36%) were exclusively breastfed. Logistic regression analysis showed the odds of practicing EBF to be about twice in married women compared to the unmarried (AOR= 1.90, 95% CI= 1.007-3.591, p=0.014) and that the level of education was predictive of knowledge of EBF (AOR= 12.89, 95% CI= 4.006-40.901; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite the good knowledge of EBF, its practice was poor with marital status being the most important predictor of EBF.
Radiation proctitis as a differential of lower GIT bleeding in Nigeria: A case series.
Chukwudike ES, David NP, Obasi E … +9 more , Ogan JJ, Nwoko CU, Onyia CP, Okonkwo KC, Abdulkareem LO, Adiri WN, Egbo SC, Oziegbe E, Davwar PM
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309554 · Full text
Pelvic radiotherapy is an acceptable and promising treatment modality for various pelvic malignancies. However, it is associated with radiation-induced injury on surrounding structures with a preference for the rectum, w...
Pelvic radiotherapy is an acceptable and promising treatment modality for various pelvic malignancies. However, it is associated with radiation-induced injury on surrounding structures with a preference for the rectum, which is characteristically fixed in the pelvic region. Acute radiation proctitis is usually self-limiting, but in its chronic form, it can be debilitating. Recent advances in radiation therapy have significantly reduced the prevalence of radiation proctitis (RP) in high-income countries, contrary to the findings in low and middle-income countries witnessing an increasing burden of radiation proctitis. This observation can be attributed to the increased availability of radiation therapies with limited use of novel technologies designed to reduce the detrimental effects of radiotherapy and improve the detection of RP owing to improvements in endoscopic services in developing countries. This is a highlight of the trends in the presentation of RP, management modalities in various tertiary centers in Nigeria, and the limitations in care occasioned by the non-availability of argon plasma coagulation (APC) as an effective treatment modality in most tertiary health facilities in Nigeria.
Knowledge, acceptance and willingness to pay for malaria vaccine among residents of a semi-urban community in Kaduna State, North-western Nigeria.
Yusuf HF, Suleiman AG, Shehu S … +3 more , Yahaya U, Usman S, Indabo UH
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309553 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic infection associated with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved two malaria vaccines for use in children and...
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic infection associated with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved two malaria vaccines for use in children and as countries begin the phased rollout of these vaccines, uncertainties around community awareness, attitudes, and willingness to accept the vaccines remain. METHODOLOGY: This study used a multistage sampling to select 200 mostly female caregivers of children under the age of five years in Samaru, a semi-urban community in Kaduna State, North-western Nigeria. Data on knowledge, attitude, and willingness to accept the malaria vaccine was obtained using a structured questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Knowledge and attitude were scored and graded into good and poor categories. The data was presented using frequency tables and a chi-square test was used to check for associations between willingness to accept malaria vaccine and relevant variables. A value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents were females (65.5%) and married (93.0%), with a mean age of 33.1 (±9.3) years. Fifty-seven (28.5%) caregivers heard of the malaria vaccine mostly through healthcare workers and traditional media, while 39 (19.5%) showed good knowledge of the vaccine. A total of 194 (97.0%) had a good attitude towards the vaccine, 188 (94.0%) were willing to accept the vaccine, and 176 (88.0%) said they were willing to pay for it. Factors associated with vaccine acceptance included the caregiver being vaccinated as a child, having at least one child who is vaccinated, and having a good attitude toward the vaccine. CONCLUSION: Despite low awareness, willingness to accept the malaria vaccine was high in the community. It is recommended that immediate steps be taken by relevant stakeholders to educate the public and begin the rollout of the vaccine to avoid the spread of rumours and misconceptions.
Verification of the HbA1c method on the STANDARD F2400 analyzer in a Nigerian Laboratory.
Kuti MA, Adeleye JO
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309552 · Full text
BACKGROUND: For methods that report quantitatively, an assessment of their imprecision and bias should be assessed in the laboratory before their deployment into routine service. This study assessed these parameters of t...
BACKGROUND: For methods that report quantitatively, an assessment of their imprecision and bias should be assessed in the laboratory before their deployment into routine service. This study assessed these parameters of the HbA1C method on the STANDARD F2400® point of care analyzer. These parameters were further combined to generate sigma metrics for the method. METHODOLOGY: An external quality assurance (EQA) material from the Randox International Quality Assessment Scheme (RIQAS) was analysed according to the EP15 protocol of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute in SYNLAB Nigeria Laboratory Quality Assurance Department. Estimates of precision and an assessment of bias were determined from the data which consisted of 5 replicates per day for 5 consecutive days. Precision estimates were compared with manufacturer-provided information and estimates of bias were compared with the verification interval for the target value provided by RIQAS. Sigma metrics were determined for total allowable error (TAE) of 8% and 10%. RESULTS: The grand mean (standard deviation) for the study was 4.95 (0.15) %. The Within-run CV and within laboratory CV were 1.28% and 1.86%, respectively. These were within the manufacturer claims of 1.70% and 1.90%, also respectively. The target value by RIQAS was 5.04(0.24) % with a calculated verification interval of 4.95 - 5.13%. The sigma metrics for the method at TAE of 8% and 10% were 4.8/3.3 and 6.3/4.3 within the run/within laboratory estimates respectively. CONCLUSION: The HbA1C method on the STANDARD F2400® Analyzer displayed performance characteristics that are consistent with manufacturer specifications and are above industry standard quality for a point-of-care device for HbA1C. These suggest that may be used to support routine monitoring of persons with diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.
Beyond Grades: Harnessing Self-Regulated Learning to Empower Underperforming Students.
Singaravelu SLD, Chandrakumari AS
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309551 · Full text
Self-regulated learning (SRL) represents a critical educational framework through which learners proactively govern their learning processes using self-motivation, metacognitive reflection, and strategic task management....
Self-regulated learning (SRL) represents a critical educational framework through which learners proactively govern their learning processes using self-motivation, metacognitive reflection, and strategic task management. This article examines SRL's transformative role in enhancing academic performance, particularly for underperforming students who often face significant academic and environmental challenges. SRL offers a structured approach for these students by promoting resilience and reinforcing goal-oriented learning behaviors. Key SRL components include establishing structured learning environments, optimizing resource use, and building self-efficacy. Through SRL instruction, educators can support underperformers in cultivating sustainable, autonomous learning practices. Specific strategies, such as peer tutoring and interactive tools like "Betty's Brain," reinforce understanding as students teach and apply learned concepts. Integrating SRL among underperforming students cultivates lifelong learning skills and establishes a foundation for enduring academic and professional success. Future research should explore innovative SRL approaches tailored to the needs of underperforming students, with particular emphasis on applications within medical education, where SRL could significantly enhance both immediate and long-term outcomes.
Let's unravel the association between renal stones and renal variant vasculature in patients with duplex collecting system: A retrospective single institute study.
Bhinder KK, Kanwal A, Farooq Z … +2 more , Wahla MS, Khan KA
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309550 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Our study aims to explore the association of duplex collecting systems with variable renal vasculature and renal calculi, given the paucity of published data on the subject. METHODOLOGY: Between 2020 and 2023...
BACKGROUND: Our study aims to explore the association of duplex collecting systems with variable renal vasculature and renal calculi, given the paucity of published data on the subject. METHODOLOGY: Between 2020 and 2023, retrospective research on patients with a duplex collecting system detected by CT scans was conducted at the radiology department of Shifa International Hospital. We assessed any gender bias and ascertained the frequency of this unilateral or bilateral duplex system abnormality. Furthermore, in patients who had received post-contrast imaging, the prevalence of renal calculi and varied renal vasculature was evaluated. In individuals with a duplex collecting system, the correlation between renal stones and renal variant vasculature was computed. SPSS version 25 was used to conduct the chi-square test. RESULTS: We retrospectively gathered data on patients with duplex collecting systems that showed only 65 patients. According to our research, bilateral participation is uncommon but the duplex collecting system is not side-specific. According to our statistics, this aberration has been more common in men as compared to women. Only 36 of the 65 patients in total had post-contrast imaging to check for variances in the vasculature. Of the 36 patients with renal vein variations, 11 had renal vein variations and 25 did not have any anatomical variations. Of the 25 individuals who did not have a renal vein variation, 19 did not have calculus, 2 had calculus involving the lower pole, and 4 had calculus involving the upper pole. 8 individuals with renal variations did not have renal calculus, 2 patients had lower pole calculus, and 1 patient had upper pole calculus. A negative uncertainty coefficient was seen between renal vein vasculature and calculus formation. 17 of the 36 patients had renal artery variations, whereas 19 patients had no anatomic variation of the renal artery. 12 of the 19 individuals without a renal artery variation had no calculus, 2 had calculus involving the lower pole, and 5 had calculus involving the upper pole. 2 individuals had calculus affecting the lower pole, 0 patients had calculus on the upper pole, and 15 patients with renal artery variations had no renal calculus. A positive uncertainty coefficient was seen between renal arterial vasculature and calculus formation. CONCLUSION: Understanding renal vasculature patterns is vital for effective vascular interventions as well as kidney transplantations. Patients with a duplex collecting system are at increased risk of stasis, infections, and stone formation. For urologists and nephrologists, awareness of the association with variant renal vasculature is critical for managing complications related to this anomaly.
Easing the Pain: Lignocaine Spray in Mid-Trimester Amniocentesis - A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Sharma T, Gothwal M, Sharma C … +5 more , Singh P, Yadav G, Gupta MK, Jhirwal M, Kathuria P
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309549 · Full text
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of lignocaine spray on maternal pain perception during mid-trimester amniocentesis compared to placebo. METHODOLOGY: This was a double-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial...
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of lignocaine spray on maternal pain perception during mid-trimester amniocentesis compared to placebo. METHODOLOGY: This was a double-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Western Rajasthan. Singleton pregnancies between 15- and 24-weeks' gestation undergoing amniocentesis were included. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either lignocaine spray or placebo (normal saline). Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). A total of 138 women were enrolled, with 69 receiving lignocaine spray and 69 receiving placebos. RESULTS: Pain perception measured by VAS showed no significant difference between the lignocaine and placebo groups (p = 0.412). VRS and VAS demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.692, p < 0.001). Median VAS scores at 30 minutes post-procedure were significantly lower in the lignocaine group (p = 0.008). The Kappa agreement between VAS and VRS was found to be 59.20%. No significant difference in procedure-related complications was observed between groups. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates no significant difference in VAS scores or secondary outcomes between the lignocaine and placebo groups, suggesting that lignocaine spray may not provide additional benefit for pain relief in amniocentesis.
Hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell disease: knowledge and prescription patterns among care providers in a low-and middle-income setting.
Ofakunrin AOD, Okpe ES, Olaosebikan R … +4 more , Ukpoju-Ebonyi OM, Afolaranmi TO, Kilson DB, Oguche S
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309548 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Hydroxyurea is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated disease-modifying therapy for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), leading to reduced morbidity, mortality, and an improved quality of life. However, i...
BACKGROUND: Hydroxyurea is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated disease-modifying therapy for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), leading to reduced morbidity, mortality, and an improved quality of life. However, its underutilization, driven by inadequate knowledge and variability in use among SCD care providers, may limit its benefits. This study assessed the knowledge and prescription patterns of hydroxyurea among SCD care providers in Jos, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey of 132 physicians managing SCD was conducted to collect data on socio-demographics, hydroxyurea knowledge, and prescription patterns using a proforma. Knowledge was assessed using 17 questions (maximum score: 17). Scores above 12 (50th percentile) were classified as "good," while scores of 12 or below were categorized as "poor." Prescription patterns were evaluated against the National Institutes of Health (2014) and British Society for Haematology (2018) guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Sixty-seven (50.8%) of the 132 physicians had inadequate knowledge of hydroxyurea's clinical benefits and safety. Only 35 (26.5%) were aware of available treatment guidelines, and 32 (24.2%) had ever prescribed hydroxyurea. Among prescribers, nine (28.1%) used inappropriate criteria to initiate treatment and six (18.8%) prescribed below recommended doses. The median maximum daily prescribed dose was 750mg, whereas five (15.6%) physicians did not exceed 200mg, irrespective of patient weight. Treatment guidelines were not followed by 25 (78.1%) of prescribers. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of inadequate knowledge and inconsistent hydroxyurea prescription practices among SCD care providers. Targeted training is essential to enhance hydroxyurea utilization and ensure adherence to standardized treatment guidelines, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Quality of life in children with epilepsy: Effect of socio-demographic factors and Parental awareness of seizure action plan in Eastern India.
Senapaty A, Srivastava P, Swaroop S … +2 more , Mohanty R, Mishra A
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309547 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that disrupts daily life and negatively impacts quality of life (QOL). While most medical approaches focus on seizure control, there is limited attention to the QOL...
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that disrupts daily life and negatively impacts quality of life (QOL). While most medical approaches focus on seizure control, there is limited attention to the QOL of children with epilepsy (CWE) in eastern India. This study aimed to assess QOL among CWE and examine the influence of sociodemographic factors, seizure characteristics, and parental awareness of a seizure action plan (SAP). METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India from December 2020 to May 2022. Eighty children aged 5-15 years, all diagnosed with epilepsy and on antiepileptic medication for at least six months, participated. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the hospital concerned. The participants were interviewed using a structured pre-tested schedule. The QOL of the participants was evaluated using the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QOLCE-55) questionnaire. Parental awareness of SAP was assessed based on their knowledge of essential seizure management actions. Kruskal Wallis test was used to identify factors associated with QOL. RESULTS: The mean age in the study population was 9.37 ± 3.57 years, with 56.45% males. The mean QOL scores in cognitive, emotional, social, and physical domains were 59.41, 55.11, 56.40, and 65.11, respectively. QOL steadily declined with age, with emotional and social domains more impacted on older children. Maternal illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, and earlier onset of epilepsy were significantly associated with poorer QOL (p<0.001). Only 21.25% of parents had complete awareness of SAP, and the children of these parents had relatively better QOL scores. CONCLUSION: QOL was better in CWE who were younger, had late-onset epilepsy, belonged to the upper socioeconomic class, and whose mothers were educated. Interventions enhancing parental awareness about SAP may lead to improvement in the QOL of CWE.
Ovarian Cancers in a Northern Nigerian Hospital: Epidemiology, Clinicopathology and Treatment Options.
Etukudo A, Mustapha A, Adamu ZA … +6 more , Umar SS, Tukur Y, Yahya A, Abubakar M, Oguntayo AO, Mohammed Audu B
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309546 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. The management of disease in developing countries poses a huge challenge due to late presentation and/or diagnosis, poverty, poor health insu...
BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. The management of disease in developing countries poses a huge challenge due to late presentation and/or diagnosis, poverty, poor health insurance coverage, and the dearth of specialists in the region amongst others. Record keeping is poor. Treatment options are limited with high default rates and mortality. This was a five-year review of clinicopathology and treatment strategies for ovarian cancers in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study of all primary ovarian cancers diagnosed and or treated in ABUTH Zaria from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020 was carried out. A total of 38 cases were retrieved and relevant data was extracted. The data collected were entered into Open Data Kit (ODK) and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Most patients were aged 35 to 54 years with an overall mean age of 51.2 ±13.8 years. Only 34% of patients were nulliparous and 63.2% were post-menopausal. The commonest symptoms were abdominal swelling (94.7%), and abdominal pain (68.4%). Epithelial carcinomas (81.8%) were the commonest histotype of which serous adenocarcinoma (85.1%) was the commonest. There was no distinction between high-grade and low-grade serous carcinomas. Rare ovarian tumours (germ cell and sex cord/stromal) accounted for 18.2%. Most patients presented with stage III disease and above (77.7%) with no one presenting at stage I. Thirty-five patients (92.1%) had surgery, twenty-four (63.2%) had chemotherapy and four patients (10.5%) had targeted therapy. No patient had hormonal therapy, genetic testing, Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), or palliative radiotherapy. Only 12% had an MDT discussion. One-year post-diagnosis, the majority were lost to follow-up (73.7%) while 21.1% of patients were still on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Ovarian cancer patients in ABUTH were relatively younger, unemployed, multiparous, and symptomatic. Some standards of care management practices were omitted.
Sleep disturbances in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Khannous A, Essoli S, Khannous A … +5 more , Bounoua F, Halloumi O, Moubachir H, Adarmouch L, Serhane H
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309545 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rhythms and sleep in various populations. Particularly in frontline healthcare workers, which are highly susceptible to developin...
BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rhythms and sleep in various populations. Particularly in frontline healthcare workers, which are highly susceptible to developing sleep disturbances. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of sleep disturbances in healthcare workers at the regional Hospital Hassan II in Agadir, Morocco. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study among frontline healthcare workers was conducted at the Regional Hospital in Agadir, by administering an online questionnaire using the Google Forms platform distributed through social media. The questionnaire was anonymous, and data confidentiality was assured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: A total of 54 healthcare professionals filled in the questionnaire. The mean age was 28.81±05.35, The two-thirds were female participants (59.3%), and the mean Epworth score was 07.53±04.05, High prevalence rates of sleep disorders were reported as follows; sleep onset insomnia (27.4), excessive daytime sleepiness (24.1), snoring (24.1).We found that morning headaches and concentration difficulties are factors associated with sleep disorders among healthcare workers. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has a high risk of poor sleep quality, with many consequences. Measures to improve the sleep and well-being of healthcare workers are needed.
Knowledge and awareness of dental professionals regarding Professional Indemnity Insurance (PII) in India- A systematic review.
Gambhir RS, Aggarwal R, Aggarwal A … +3 more , Aggarwal A, Kaushal N, Kaur R
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309544 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In recent times, patients have become more aware of their rights, and this has led to significant rise in the compensation cases against doctors. Due to the nature of the work and costs involved in the treatm...
BACKGROUND: In recent times, patients have become more aware of their rights, and this has led to significant rise in the compensation cases against doctors. Due to the nature of the work and costs involved in the treatment, dental professionals are at high risk of facing such medical negligence cases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess knowledge and awareness regarding professional indemnity insurance (PII) among dental professionals in India. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review of relevant cross-sectional observational studies was conducted among dental professionals in India to report their knowledge and awareness regarding PII. Eight studies out of 98 were finally included in the review after conducting both electronic and manual search of scientific databases and making necessary exclusions. Potential biases were addressed and relevant data regarding PII data was extracted by the investigators concerned. RESULTS: More than 60% of subjects had knowledge regarding PII in one of the study reports. Only 0.5% of subjects had taken PII in one of the studies and merely 8% in the other study. One of the studies mentioned that 76.2% of subjects paid compensation to their patients for negligence during dental treatment. Main hurdles for not opting PII were unawareness and considering PII non-mandatory for dentists. More than 90% of subjects in one study showed interest in buying PII for themselves. CONCLUSION: The results of the present review reveal that less than half of the subjects in some studies reported a lack of knowledge regarding PII and very few had taken PII. Therefore, there is an urgent need to make dental professionals aware of the benefits of obtaining PII to safeguard themselves from various litigation issues.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe