Nigerian Medical Journal[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The Pattern of Medical Admissions at the Intensive Care Unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Gogo OJ, Romokere AM, Oluchi SR
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309543 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Intensive care units offer specialized care to critically ill patients and are an integral part of modern health care. In low-income countries, with limited resources, the demand to optimize patient care and...
BACKGROUND: Intensive care units offer specialized care to critically ill patients and are an integral part of modern health care. In low-income countries, with limited resources, the demand to optimize patient care and improve outcomes depends on a better understanding of the pattern of medical referrals to the ICU for varying reasons of resource allocation, staffing, and quality improvement initiatives. This study aims to describe and provide valuable insights into the patterns of medical admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU), including case mixes, intensive care interventions, duration of stay, and outcomes to highlight the need for proper resource allocation. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital ICU between January 2022 and December 2024. We reviewed all patients from the Department of Internal Medicine referred to the ICU with a purely medical diagnosis. Data were retrieved from the ICU admissions register and patients' medical records following ethical exemption approval. RESULTS: A total of 377 patients with medical referrals were reviewed, accounting for approximately 56.9% of all ICU admissions. More males were admitted, and the mean age of patients was 48.6 ± 15.3 years. The emergency unit was the commonest source of referral and offered a significant source of in hospital delays prior to transfer to the ICU. The most common indication for ICU admission was stroke, with hemorrhagic stroke, sepsis, and cardiogenic shock associated with the worst outcomes. CONCLUSION: Stroke predominated medical referrals and provided the worst outcome. The in-hospital delays at the emergency unit which became the largest source of referral contributed to the high mortality. This study highlights the need to strengthen stroke care at the tertiary level of care as well as other medical referrals to improve care.
Evaluation of Mid-Palatal Suture Maturation Stage in Adolescents and Adults Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)- A Comparative Study.
Singh R, Gupta D, Garg A … +3 more , Dahiya V, Gupta P, Gambhir RS
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309542 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Several methods have been described in orthodontics for the evaluation of the skeletal age. These include hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) based on lateral cephalogram. Computed...
BACKGROUND: Several methods have been described in orthodontics for the evaluation of the skeletal age. These include hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) based on lateral cephalogram. Computed tomography (CT) scan has emerged as an effective tool for image diagnosis in situ. The present study was done to assess the stages of the mid-palatal suture in adolescents and adults utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODOLOGY: A descriptive and prospective study was done on 110 CBCT scans of individuals aged between 10-30 years, who visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MMCDSR, Ambala, Haryana. The visualization and classification of the stage of maturation of the mid-palatine suture was done as per Angelieri's method using a cross-sectional axial slice. RESULTS: Stage C was found to be the most prevalent (29.1%) with the majority of cases occurring in the 16-20 age range. Males were more likely to have Stage B, while females had Stage C. In 60 cases (54.5 percent of the overall sample), the mid-palatine suture was found to be open. The Chi-Square test results for each examiner were highly significant (p< 0.01), indicating a statistically significant association between age group and Stage distribution. CONCLUSION: There is a higher chance that post-adolescents and adults will have an open mid-palatal suture. When maxillary expansion is necessary, orthodontists may take these consequences into account. Furthermore, the middle palatal suture's ossification varies, hence using CBCT to rule out this possibility may be advised.
Relationship between Maternal Diseases and Placental Morphology among Parturient's in Port Harcourt, River State: A Multi-Centre Study.
Emeka-Ogbugo A, Amadi SC, Gbobie JD … +4 more , Mkpe A, Kua PL, Okocha AN, Adewale O
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309541 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Maternal diseases that complicate pregnancies such as Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) etc are markedly impressed on the placenta microscopically and macroscopically...
BACKGROUND: Maternal diseases that complicate pregnancies such as Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) etc are markedly impressed on the placenta microscopically and macroscopically resulting in in defective placental development and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to study the gross anatomy of the placenta and its relationship with maternal medical illnesses. METHODOLOGY: This study was a multi-centre hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study of 250 parturient who had term deliveries in Port Harcourt. The socio-demographic data and the medical history of the parturient were collected using a proforma. The placenta was collected after delivery and examined, and the morphometric features were noted. Data analysis was done with SPSS IBM version 23. Correlation and Regression analysis were employed in investigating the relationship between maternal/neonatal characteristics and placental morphology. Statistical significance was at a p-level of less than 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the women ± SD = 30.44±4.1years and the median parity was para-2. Gestational Hypertension was the most common medical condition among participants. There was a statistically significant association between the maternal medical conditions and the placental shape with a preponderance of the oval shape among the women with hypertensive disorders. There was also, a statistically significant association between maternal medical conditions in pregnancy and other placental measurements such as weight, number of cotyledons, diameter, thickness, and cord insertion. CONCLUSION: Maternal medical conditions in pregnancy was found to have significant macroscopic imprints on the placental morphology and these can help in the diagnosis and management of medical illnesses that complicate pregnancies in our environment. More research is needed to establish causation.
A Case of Lacunar Stroke in a Patient with Possible Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH).
Daniel Fabiyi O, Busayo Ogunlade S
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309540 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition seen in the elderly, characterized by gait disturbances, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment. However, sudden onset neurological deficits suggest...
BACKGROUND: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition seen in the elderly, characterized by gait disturbances, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment. However, sudden onset neurological deficits suggest a vascular event rather than NPH. METHODOLOGY: We report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with sudden onset gait difficulty and speech impairment, initially suspected to be idiopathic NPH. The diagnostic process and management strategies are discussed. RESULTS: The patient's symptoms, including insidious gait difficulties, speech impairment, and memory loss, led to a suspected diagnosis of NPH. However, the sudden improvement of neurological deficits indicated a vascular cause. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging identified supporting evidence of a lacunar stroke, leading to a revised diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of considering vascular events in the differential diagnosis of NPH, especially when sudden neurological deficits improve rapidly. Early identification and differentiation between NPH and vascular events are crucial for appropriate management, particularly in low-resource settings.
Quality of Sexual Life and its Correlates among Men with Diabetes Mellitus and Erectile dysfunction attending a tertiary hospital in Owerri, Nigeria.
Obi PC, Njoku GH, Mbaike AC … +9 more , Ihim AC, Nwako OF, Anyanwu AC, Ohiri JU, Nwazor E, Ubani BC, Ogbonna SU, Simon MJ, Oputa RN
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309539 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among men with Diabetes mellitus (DM), with a negative impact on their sexual satisfaction. There is a paucity of data on this in our locality. Hence this study was to dete...
BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among men with Diabetes mellitus (DM), with a negative impact on their sexual satisfaction. There is a paucity of data on this in our locality. Hence this study was to determine the quality of sexual life, its correlates and predictors among such men. METHODOLOGY: One hundred diabetic men with ED as well as 100 without ED were recruited consecutively. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant information and assess their quality of sexual life. This was followed by a focused physical examination and anthropometric measurements. Blood samples were collected for relevant investigations. Data analysis was with SPSS version 25 while p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Participants with ED had a mean IIEF-5 score of 11.97 ± 4.73 while those without ED had 24.06 ± 1.10 (p = 0.000). Among the DM participants with ED and those without ED, their mean SQoL-M scores were 44.14 ± 10.85% and 89.73 ± 16.23% respectively (p = 0.000). Correlation between SQoL-M scores and IIEF-5 scores showed (r = 0.374, p = 0.000) while that between SQoL-M scores and HbA1c showed (r = - 0.205, p = 0.040) in diabetic participants with ED. IIEF-5 scores and HbA1c levels were observed to be the only predictors of SQoL scores among diabetic participants with ED. CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the quality of sexual life between diabetic men with ED and those without ED. While there is a positive correlation between SQoL-M and IIEF-5 scores, there is a negative correlation between SQoL-M scores and HbA1c levels among diabetic men with ED. IIEF-5 scores and HbA1c values are predictors of quality of sexual life among diabetic men with ED. Thus, there is a need for evaluation of quality of sexual life among diabetic men with ED.
Emotional and Behavioural Problems of HIV-infected Children: Findings from a Southeastern Nigeria Tertiary Healthcare Facility.
Ogbonna IF, Nwakanma NC, Ezeogu J … +1 more , Odinaka KK
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309538 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In children, HIV infection presents with grave consequences, including a predisposition to emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). These are mental health problems affecting thoughts, emotions, behaviours a...
BACKGROUND: In children, HIV infection presents with grave consequences, including a predisposition to emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). These are mental health problems affecting thoughts, emotions, behaviours and relationships, and may be categorised into emotional problems (EP) and behavioural problems (BP). Studies have shown a high burden of EBP in children; however, knowledge gaps still exist regarding the burden of EBP on HIV-infected children. Our study seeks to address these gaps by determining the prevalence and type of EBP among HIV-infected children. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional and comparative study enrolled 386 participants (193 subjects and 193 controls). The subjects were HIV-infected children aged 2-15 years attending the Paediatric HIV Clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia. The controls were age and sex-matched HIV-negative children attending primary or secondary schools in Umuahia. Sociodemographic characteristics were assessed, and EBP was determined using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty-one subjects (31.6%) had EBP compared to 15 controls (7.8%) and this difference was significant (<0.001). The subjects were three times more likely to have EBP than the controls (aOR=3.03; CI=1.17-7.82). The EBP type showed that, while there was no significant difference in the multivariate analysis of the behavioural problems, emotional problems were significantly higher in the subjects than in the controls ( = 0.001). The subjects were six times more likely to have emotional problems than the controls (aOR=6.26; CI=2.80-13.97). CONCLUSION: There is a high burden of EBP among HIV-infected children in Umuahia with emotional problems as the common type.
Prevalence and diagnostic dilemma of chromosomal abnormalities in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria; Is prenatal diagnosis worthwhile?
Abbey M, West BA, Amadi SC … +13 more , Oloyede OA, Horsfall F, Nonye-Enyidah EI, Okagua KE, Kwosah NJ, Kua PL, Iwo-Amah RS, Ocheche US, Ononuju CN, Briggs NN, Altraide BO, Sapira-Ordu L, Inimgba N
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309537 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Early detection of increasing numbers of cases of chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploides) at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in the Niger Delta will enhance appropriate counseling of pat...
BACKGROUND: Early detection of increasing numbers of cases of chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploides) at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in the Niger Delta will enhance appropriate counseling of patients and early termination of the affected pregnancies. The study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of aneuploides at the RSUTH and to determine the necessity for early prenatal diagnosis in the Niger Delta. METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out over a three-year period (01/01/2018 - 01/01/2021) at the RSUTH, Nigeria. Newborn babies delivered at 28 weeks and above were assessed at birth for the phenotypes of aneuploidy and associated birth defects. A convenient sampling method was used to recruit all the babies with chromosomal abnormalities and their mothers. Data including that of socio-demographic, obstetric characteristics, and the fetuses were taken and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 23 (SPSS version 23). Quantitative variables were summarized using means and standard deviation while qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and proportions. RESULTS: The total number of babies that were delivered by the 5868 participants in the study was 6078, out of which 10 cases of aneuploides were identified - 3 cases of trisomy 18 and 7 cases of Trisomy 21. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities at birth at the RSUTH was 0.165% of the total births, 1:2000 and 1:654 for T18 and T21 respectively. 1:654 mothers had babies with chromosomal abnormalities, 1:2000 and 1:833 for T18 and T21 respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities at birth at the RSUTH of 0.165% represented a gross underestimation because the diagnosis was based on the outward phenotypical appearance of the neonates and it was made not from babies delivered at 20 weeks and above as practiced in Europe and other countries, but from 28 weeks. Prenatal diagnosis was therefore highly recommended in the Niger Delta.
Correlates of Uptake of Routine Immunization amongst Under-Five Children: Comparison of Nomadic and Non-nomadic Fulani in Yobe State, Nigeria.
Abdulhamid D, Ibrahim UM, Kofi B … +11 more , Audu S, Wade MM, Danzomo AA, Muhammad N, Faruk AN, Ahmed SA, Bawa JA, Uba AS, Ismail T, Gajida AU, Jibo AM
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309536 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Immunization is an important public health intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This study aimed to determine and compare the correlates of ro...
BACKGROUND: Immunization is an important public health intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This study aimed to determine and compare the correlates of routine immunization uptake among under-five children of nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani in Yobe State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A multistage sampling technique was used to study the eligible caregivers and under-five children in the selected households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, observation for the child immunization card, or a recall of immunization history. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a statistical significance set at p≤5%. RESULTS: The response rate among nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani was (348/348, 100% vs. 345/348, 99%).The Penta 1 uptake based on routine immunization cards among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children was (23.6% vs.76.4% P<0.001).Availability of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 22, 95% confidence interval = 13.7-35.5), the purpose of vaccination (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.4), vaccines safety (adjusted odds ratio = 17.3, 95% confidence interval = 10.0-29.8), and friendly healthcare workers (adjusted odds ratio = 18.8, 95% confidence interval = 11.3-31.3) were found to be independent predictors facilitating uptake of routine immunization among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children, while long distance to the health facility (adjusted odds ratio = 9.6, 95% confidence interval = 6.6-14.0), lack of knowledge on immunization (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-2.9), fear of side effect (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.5), were independent barriers to uptake of routine immunization among nomad and non-nomadic under-five children. CONCLUSION: Vaccine uptake is still a problem among nomads and non-nomadic under-five children. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure a strategy for improved outreach services to all the nomads and hard-to-reach settlements.
Pattern and Outcome of Medical Admissions at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital: A 5-Year Hospitalization Analysis.
Akpan EE, Udo AIA, Umoh IO … +4 more , Ekeh BC, Umoh VA, Ekanem AM, Ekrikpo UE
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309535 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The pattern of hospital admission is necessary for proper planning and budgeting in health care. It also provides insights into the burden of disease in a particular community. Additionally, admission pattern...
BACKGROUND: The pattern of hospital admission is necessary for proper planning and budgeting in health care. It also provides insights into the burden of disease in a particular community. Additionally, admission patterns also assist in reviewing the morbidity and mortality over the duration of the study and allow for proper planning and prevention of these occurrences. METHODOLOGY: This is a five-year retrospective study of patients admitted to the medical wards. Patients' case notes were retrieved from the hospital's records department. Demographic data such as age, sex, occupation, and religion were extracted from the case notes. Clinical data such as diagnosis, date of admission and discharge, duration of stay, and cause of death were also extracted. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the independent predictors of mortality. RESULTS: A total of 2634 patient records were retrieved. The ages of patients ranged from 15 to 102 years, with a mean of 54.8 ± 16.5 years. There were more males 1374 (52.2%) against 1269(47.8%) females), p<0.001. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for 2286 (86.8%), with 348 (13.2%) being communicable diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 21.5%, acute kidney injury (5.0%), Stroke (19.9%), Heart failure (17.6%), and Diabetes (20.7%) were the leading NCDs. On the other hand, Tuberculosis (4.0%), and Pneumonia (1.4%), were the leading communicable diseases causing hospitalization. Older age groups ≥60 years (p= 0.02), kidney disease, (p< 0.001). HIV. (p=0.01) were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological transition to NCDs is well established in the adult population of Akwa Ibom State. Older age, kidney diseases, stroke, and HIV infection were independent predictors of mortality.
Comparison of Prevalent Hypertension by Aortic versus Brachial Blood Pressure Criteria for - A Pulse Wave Analysis Based Study from Adults of a City of West India.
Solanki JD, Sajan PK, Trivedi BJ … +3 more , Kakadia PJ, Panjwani SJ, Mohandas K
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309534 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Disparities exist in aortic blood pressure (aBP) and brachial blood pressure (bBP) and between aortic (AH) versus brachial hypertension (BH). While the former is superior, it is studied scarcely. Pulse wave a...
BACKGROUND: Disparities exist in aortic blood pressure (aBP) and brachial blood pressure (bBP) and between aortic (AH) versus brachial hypertension (BH). While the former is superior, it is studied scarcely. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) provides objective and simultaneous measurement of both blood pressures to determine AH and BH. Using PWA, we compared prevalent AH and BH in a sample adult population. METHODOLOGY: By oscillometric PWA (Mobilograph, IEM, Stolberg, Germany), 1187 participants with age >18 years were evaluated. Simultaneous aBP and bBP were recorded by standard PWA protocol and prevalence of AH and BH was estimated. Age and gender-based subgroups were compared for aortic versus brachial BP differences. Prevalence of Hypertension, Isolated Systolic Hypertension, and Pulse Pressure ≥40 was compared between aortic versus brachial criteria. RESULTS: Significant differences were seen between bBP and aBP across all age groups and in both genders, especially for the younger age groups. As compared to bBP, aBP gave a higher fetch for prevalent hypertension and a lower fetch for prevalent Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH). bPP ≥40 was sensitive but not specific as a surrogate for aPP ≥ 40. CONCLUSION: Across ages 18-65 in either sex, disparities exist between bBP and aBP mostly for SBP and PP with significant differences in prevalent Hypertension, Isolated Systemic Hypertension, and high pulse pressure. It reaffirms disparities of aBP and bBP and diagnosed brachial or central hypertension based on them with the need for further work.
Assessment of Compliance to Preventive Measures against COVID-19 using WHO Checklist among Secondary Schools in Nnewi North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.
Aguwamba VA, Emezuru DU, Aguwamba UA
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309533 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (Covid-19) was arguably the greatest global health threat of our time. Immediately the pandemic was declared by WHO, countries around the world took broad public health and social...
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (Covid-19) was arguably the greatest global health threat of our time. Immediately the pandemic was declared by WHO, countries around the world took broad public health and social measures (PHSM), including closure of schools, to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an enormous risk to the health and safety of learners, teachers, parents, school administrators, education practitioners, and the wider community. However, reopening schools carried the public health risk of viral resurgence. This study aimed to assess the compliance to COVID-19 preventive measures among secondary schools in Nnewi North LGA of Anambra state, Nigeria using WHO checklist. METHODOLOGY: This was a facility-based cross-sectional observational survey of secondary schools within Nnewi North local government area of Anambra state. Data was collected through school surveys and observations of compliance measures, both done during the same school visit. Informed consent was obtained from the principal of each school or their representative before carrying out the study in their facilities. RESULTS: Out of the schools sampled, 12 schools (38.71%) had good compliance, 9 schools (29.03%) had moderate compliance, and 10 schools (32.26%) had poor compliance. The finding of this study thus revealed that the overall compliance level toward COVID-19 preventive and control measures among secondary schools in Nnewi-North LGA of Anambra state was 38.71%. CONCLUSION: The common restraining factors against compliance to standard COVID-19 preventive measures included the fact that the students are children (aged between 11 - 18 years) and thus wouldn't always wear their masks, school ownership, attitude towards, and risk perception of COVID-19 and these factors significantly influenced the adherence of each school towards COVID-19 mitigation measures.
Spontaneous subgaleal haematoma with severe headache in two children during acute painful sickle cell crisis.
Akor F, Thenat T, Hussain S … +1 more , Kumar S
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309532 · Full text
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of haemoglobin formation, predominantly affecting individuals of African, Indian, or Mediterranean descent. Acute painful episodes frequently occur in these patients due to th...
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of haemoglobin formation, predominantly affecting individuals of African, Indian, or Mediterranean descent. Acute painful episodes frequently occur in these patients due to the blockage of small blood vessels by sickled cells, leading to tissue infarction. Two children of Nigerian descent, presented with severe headaches during a painful crisis episode with associated swelling on their scalps. CT imaging in both cases showed subgaleal haematoma which was managed conservatively in addition to managing the painful crisis with a good outcome. This report highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of this uncommon complication of sickle cell anaemia.
Is there Co-infection of Influenza and Covid-19 in Jos, North Central Nigeria?
Shehu NY, Okolo MO, Ameh EA … +6 more , Thankgod DG, Morenikeji OR, Ogbaji FI, Pam DD, Dami FD, Luka PD
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309531 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are known to cause respiratory disease in humans that may be fatal. They have caused epidemics and constitute significant public heal...
BACKGROUND: Influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are known to cause respiratory disease in humans that may be fatal. They have caused epidemics and constitute significant public health challenges because of their ability to spread and cause severe disease. Co-infection with both viruses has been shown to increase the odds of fatality among affected patients. Our study aimed to investigate co-infection with influenza among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Jos, Plateau State. METHODOLOGY: We carried out a cross-sectional study using stored nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using GeneXpert. The samples were collected at our institution and stored at -80 °C. The samples were analysed for influenza co-infection using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Two-hundred-and-forty-one (241) stored samples of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analysed. None of the samples tested positive for the influenza virus. CONCLUSION: We found no case of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection among the patients studied. This suggests that the prevalence of influenza virus infection may be low in our setting and partly explains the relatively benign outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections in our region.
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Haemodialysis Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in a Northern Nigerian Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis of Patterns and Outcomes.
Abdulrasheed M, Armiyau MB, Abdullahi YN … +1 more , Nuhu MK
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309530 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and substantial impacts on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Limited access to resource...
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and substantial impacts on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Limited access to resources for managing CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in these regions exacerbates mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for effective and accessible healthcare strategies. This study examines CKD prevalence, management practices, and outcomes across various populations, with a focus on the challenges faced in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY: This study utilized a retrospective, observational design to examine patient records from the haemodialysis unit at Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial General Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research focused on the sociodemographic, clinical, and dialysis-related characteristics of patients who underwent haemodialysis between January 2019 and October 2024. RESULTS: CKD prevalence has significantly increased worldwide, with ESRD incidence notably in our centre. Access to dialysis varied greatly, with low-resource settings struggling to meet demand, contributing to poorer outcomes. In Africa, studies show that less than 10% of patients who needed dialysis accessed it. Additionally, CKD patients in lower-income regions often present with advanced diseases due to inadequate screening and preventive care. High mortality rates were linked to limited access to early treatment and a lack of government support for subsidizing renal care. CONCLUSION: There was a pressing need to improve CKD prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment in resource-limited settings to reduce the burden of ESRD. Increased government investment, enhanced screening programs, and sustainable funding models for dialysis were essential to mitigate the impact of CKD.
Association of Gut-Microbiome and mental health and effects of probiotics on psychiatric disorders: A Meta-analysis and systematic review.
Goel R, Gupta B, Satodiya VN … +3 more , Vala AU, Dabhi H, Mittal A
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309529 · Full text
BACKGROUND: A correlation between gut microbiome and mental health has drawn significant attention lately. The effects of microbiome microorganisms and their byproducts on disease states represent a complex and dynamic f...
BACKGROUND: A correlation between gut microbiome and mental health has drawn significant attention lately. The effects of microbiome microorganisms and their byproducts on disease states represent a complex and dynamic field of study. The objective of this article is to review the association of gut microbes and mental health and the effects of probiotics on psychiatric disorders, if any. METHODOLOGY: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA standards. We have compiled the most recent advancements in the field according to human research published in this Systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS: The forest plot analysis revealed that probiotics or probiotics combined with other intervention modalities did significantly reduce some extent of mental disorders in comparison to the control group (Standardized mean difference) SMD = 0.95, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -6.52 to 8.42, P value< 0.01. CONCLUSION: Overall, the reviewed literature supports the importance of gut microbiota-brain interaction in human mental illnesses, including the impact of probiotics on mental health outcomes and brain connection.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Southern Nigeria: Gender and Age Disparities.
Ibezim HU, Njoya HK, Esene H … +2 more , Azenabor SE, Sule S
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309528 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, elevated blood sugar, and abnormal lipid profiles. Its increasing prevalence globally poses a significan...
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, elevated blood sugar, and abnormal lipid profiles. Its increasing prevalence globally poses a significant public health concern. This study investigated the prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with MetS, considering age and gender in a rural teaching hospital. METHODOLOGY: Conducted at Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Edo State, the study involved 75 patients selected through simple random sampling using the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria of the IDF/AHA/NHLBI. It utilised an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective design, focusing on individuals aged 18 years and older who consented to participate. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 60% of patients with MetS had hypertension, 17.3% had T2DM, and 22.7% were diagnosed with both conditions. Among hypertensive patients, 57.3% were female (P = 0.110). For T2DM, 25.3% of patients were female (P = 0.766). The prevalence of both T2DM (P = 0.106) and hypertension (P = 0.708) was higher in middle-aged patients compared to other age groups. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant prevalence of hypertension and T2DM among patients with MetS in a rural teaching hospital, with notable variations across gender and age groups. While hypertension was more common in females, T2DM showed no significant gender disparity. Middle-aged individuals exhibited a higher prevalence of both conditions, underscoring the need for targeted screening and intervention strategies in this demographic.
Mandibular reconstruction with non-vascularized bone graft in a double bridging technique.
Obimakinde OS, Popoola SO, Ojo KO … +3 more , Yusuf MB, Omotayo JA, Akinbade AO
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309527 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the mandible following tumor resection or trauma can be challenging due to associated functional and esthetic problems. Various options have been described in the literature, but non-vascula...
BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the mandible following tumor resection or trauma can be challenging due to associated functional and esthetic problems. Various options have been described in the literature, but non-vascularized bone graft remain a viable option in middle- and low-income countries, Nigeria inclusive. We hereby report our experience with the use of non-vascularized bone graft with mandibular reconstruction plates in a double bridging technique for mandibular reconstruction in our institution. METHODOLOGY: Patients who had mandibular defect reconstruction with non-vascularized bone graft between January 2012 and December 2021 were included in this study. Grafts were harvested from either the rib or contralateral iliac crest and secured with mandibular reconstruction plate and screws in a double bridging technique. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months and outcomes such as the level of patients' satisfaction with appearance, graft take, bony continuity and complications were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty eight patients comprising 18 males and 10 females [M:F 1.8:1] had mandibular defect reconstruction with double bridging technique during the study period. Donor site distribution revealed that 64.3% [n=18] had their grafts harvested from the iliac crest while the remaining 10 [35.7%] were taken from the rib. Ameloblastoma [75%, n=21] was the commonest lesion necessitating resection of the mandible amongst the subjects. The follow up result showed that appearance was satisfactory in 25 patients [89%], graft take/ restoration of bony continuity in 27 patients [96%], graft infection occurred in 2 patients [7.1%] while only one case of graft failure was established [3.6%]. CONCLUSION: A combination of non-vascularized bone graft with reconstruction plate in a bridging technique is a viable option for mandibular reconstruction in a resource-limited setting.
B-Mode Ultrasound Grading of Cryptogenic Steatotic Liver Disease and Association with the Level of Sun Exposure in Zaria, Nigeria: A Case-Control Study.
Ibinaiye PO, Egbo B, Olarinoye-Akorede A … +9 more , Igashi BJ, Baduku TS, Usman BO, Muhammad M, Ahmad AE, Tabari MA, Shettima MK, Balogun MS, Saleh MK
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309526 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Cryptogenic Steatotic Liver Disease (CSLD) is a novel subject where the liver has significant steatosis but without a known cause or abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors. Its aetiology and associations with...
BACKGROUND: Cryptogenic Steatotic Liver Disease (CSLD) is a novel subject where the liver has significant steatosis but without a known cause or abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors. Its aetiology and associations with sunlight exposure remain underexplored, particularly in Nigeria. CSLD is a growing public health concern in Nigeria, characterized by its potential progression to severe liver complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer, posing significant health risks. This study aimed to determine the association between CSLD and the level of sun exposure. METHODOLOGY: This case-control study involved 181 healthy subjects with CSLD and an equal number of normal subjects without CSLD as controls. This made for a total number of 362 subjects. They were recruited into the study consecutively as they emerged after clinical, laboratory, and imaging screenings. A liver ultrasound scan was done using a 3.5MHz frequency transducer to screen for the steatotic liver. The severity of liver steatosis was evaluated by ultrasound bright liver scores (BLS). A daily sun exposure score based on our local pattern was calculated using the information from the administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism software version 6. RESULTS: the median (IQR) age of CSLD and control groups were 44.0 (28.5 - 54.0) and 44.0 (30.0 - 55.0) years. Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank comparison test showed no significant difference in the ages of the two study groups ( = 0.5578), indicating age matching of the study participants. There was a significant association (χ = 59.03, df = 18, < 0.0001) between age and development of CSLD. One hundred and eighty-one study subjects with CSLD comprised 83 (45.8%) males and 98 (54.1%) females.The median (IQR) values of the control group's sun exposure score differed significantly from those of the CSLD groups ( = 0.0001) for all categories (mild, moderate, severe steatosis). A multivariate logistic regression analysis model, weighted by years of age and sex, revealed that low sunlight exposure is a significant independent risk factor. CONCLUSION: The study shows that limited sun exposure is significantly associated with developing CSLD among Nigerians in Zaria. There is also a significant independent risk factor.
Prevalence and Pattern of Analgesic Abuse Among Undergraduate Students of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Enuagwuna FC, Tobin-West CI, Dappa FA … +1 more , Bethel TC
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309525 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The habitual or excessive use of painkillers, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, that deviates from medical guidelines is known as analgesic abuse, and this includes taking larger doses than r...
BACKGROUND: The habitual or excessive use of painkillers, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, that deviates from medical guidelines is known as analgesic abuse, and this includes taking larger doses than recommended, using the drugs for non-medical purposes, or continuing to take the medication despite adverse effects on one's physical, mental, and social well-being. Devastating health effects may result from this. The prevalence and patterns of analgesic abuse among University of Port Harcourt undergraduate students were evaluated in this study. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and respondents were selected using a multistage sampling method. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to gather the data, and IBM Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data; means, frequency, proportions, chi-square, and regression analysis were used to summarize the results. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS: 384 students in all, with a median age of 20, were interviewed. The distribution of results showed that 207 (53.9%) of the respondents were males and 177 (46.1%) were females. The majority of responders, 339 (69.6%), used paracetamol, with headaches accounting for 316 (57.4%) of all uses. The findings also showed that the prevalence of analgesic abuse was 9.1%, with paracetamol being the most frequently abused medicine (42.9%). CONCLUSION: Although the results indicated that the prevalence of analgesic abuse among University of Port Harcourt undergraduate students was low, most respondents used analgesic medication without a prescription from a doctor. The most common reasons for using analgesics were headaches, muscle pain, and menstrual cramps. It is crucial that the institution implements strategic plans to ensure that students are taught how to use analgesics properly.
A Call to Action: Insights into Hypertension Prevalence and Management in an Urban Sub-Saharan African Population.
Mbah TB, Lema BS, Rikam AB … +8 more , Baning JMB, Ngon SB, Kilama GM, Ngon DG, Ngon OIMA, Ebango FPT, Ebango SAS, Egom EEA
Niger Med J · 2025 · PMID 40309524 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a global health challenge, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries like Cameroon. Urban centers, such as Yaoundé, face increasing prevalence driven by rapid urbaniza...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a global health challenge, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries like Cameroon. Urban centers, such as Yaoundé, face increasing prevalence driven by rapid urbanization and healthcare disparities. The study objective is to assess hypertension prevalence, associated risk factors, and barriers to effective management in an urban Cameroonian population. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 as part of the HEAVEN-CIEL Hypertension Awareness Campaign. Data from 181 adults were collected through structured questionnaires and physical assessments, including blood pressure measurements. Associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence was 59.67%, with rates peaking at 75.56% among individuals aged 46-60 years (p = 0.0019). Medium-income participants showed the highest prevalence at 75.56% (p = 0.043). Obesity (p = 0.0024) and high-fat diets (p = 0.0212) were significant risk factors. Alarmingly, 87.04% of hypertensive individuals were untreated, highlighting gaps in medication access and adherence. CONCLUSION: Hypertension in Yaoundé represents a major public health concern, driven by age, socioeconomic disparities, and unhealthy lifestyle factors. The low treatment rates reflect systemic healthcare barriers. Comprehensive, culturally sensitive interventions are urgently needed to improve awareness, prevention, and management. Future research should focus on the longitudinal impacts of targeted public health strategies.
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