Ultrasound Quarterly[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Establishing Gestational Age-Specific Nomograms for Fetal Corpus Callosum Length: A Comparative Study of Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography.
Duymuş AC, Bozbay N, Kılıç Ş … +2 more , Örgül G, Tazegül Pekin A
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Sep · PMID 42335351 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to establish gestational age and sex-specific nomograms for fetal corpus callosum (CC) length measured by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography, and to evaluate measurement diffe...
This study aims to establish gestational age and sex-specific nomograms for fetal corpus callosum (CC) length measured by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography, and to evaluate measurement differences between these imaging techniques during the second trimester. The retrospective single-center study included singleton pregnancies that underwent detailed second-trimester ultrasonography between 19 and 25 gestational weeks. Fetal CC length was measured on the midsagittal plane using both 2D and 3D ultrasonography. Measurements were performed independently by 2 experienced perinatologists. Gestational age-specific percentile values (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th) were generated separately for each modality. Agreement between observers and between imaging techniques was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. A total of 211 fetuses were included. Fetal CC length showed a progressive increase with advancing gestational age in both imaging modalities. No significant differences were observed between male and female fetuses. Measurements obtained by 3D ultrasonography were consistently higher than those obtained by 2D ultrasonography, with the difference reaching statistical significance. İn conclusion, the present study provides modality-specific nomograms for fetal CC length during mid-gestation and demonstrates that 3D ultrasonography yields higher CC measurements compared with 2D imaging. These findings support the use of separate reference ranges for each modality and suggest that 3D ultrasonography may offer practical advantages in the assessment of fetal midline brain structures.
Lecture-First Versus Practical-First Teaching Strategies in Cardiovascular Ultrasound Education: A Randomized Comparison of Undergraduate Performance.
Almutairi FF, Abdeen R, Jambi F … +1 more , Darwesh AM
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Sep · PMID 42335321 · Publisher ↗
Cardiovascular ultrasound is an operator-dependent modality that requires careful sequencing of the theoretical and practical training to optimize skills acquisition. This study compares lecture-first (LF) versus practic...
Cardiovascular ultrasound is an operator-dependent modality that requires careful sequencing of the theoretical and practical training to optimize skills acquisition. This study compares lecture-first (LF) versus practical-first (PF) teaching strategies in undergraduate radiologic sciences students to evaluate the impact of 2 different teaching strategies on students' scores. In a randomized controlled trial, 54 students were allocated to LF (n=25) or PF (n=29) groups. The LF group received didactic lectures followed by hands-on practice, while the PF group reversed this sequence. Outcomes were measured using a multiple-choice question (MCQ) exam for theoretical knowledge and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for practical skills. Evaluation was performed by blinded faculty using standardized rubrics. An exploratory analysis of the impact of supplemental practice sessions was also performed. LF students demonstrated superior overall performance (median score: 0.9 vs. 0.82, P=0.009, effect size: d=0.72) and practical skills (0.95 vs. 0.82, P=0.002, effect size: d=0.85). Theoretical knowledge scores were comparable between groups, with median scores of 0.86 for LF and 0.85 for PF (P=0.9). Students attending extra practice sessions achieved significantly higher scores across all domains (overall: 0.9 vs. 0.83, P=0.004; skills: 0.93 vs. 0.87, P=0.01). Teaching strategy in which a lecture is delivered first, followed by a practical session, was associated with improved scores compared with the design starting with a practical session. Attending additional hands-on sessions can significantly enhance students' knowledge and skills for performing ultrasound examinations. This study suggests that sequencing can influence student academic achievement and indicates that arranging practical sessions after lectures and providing extra practical sessions can enhance learning in the cardiovascular ultrasound curriculum.
Performance of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Versus Traditional Physical Examination for the Bedside Evaluation of Splenomegaly.
Meng E, Baweja K, Weersink C … +9 more , Ahluwalia M, Hopman WM, Mainland R, Alexandru A, Neary E, Clayden R, Lui CJ, Ames J, Montague SJ
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Sep · PMID 42335308 · Publisher ↗
Splenomegaly is an important clinical sign associated with diverse pathologies. Traditional bedside physical examination maneuvers used to detect splenomegaly demonstrate poor diagnostic performance. Point-of-care ultras...
Splenomegaly is an important clinical sign associated with diverse pathologies. Traditional bedside physical examination maneuvers used to detect splenomegaly demonstrate poor diagnostic performance. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a potential alternative. We sought to compare the diagnostic performance of structured physical examination maneuvers and POCUS in the bedside detection of splenomegaly. Internal medicine and hematology inpatients at Kingston Health Sciences Centre from February 2023 to June 2024 were prospectively enrolled. Participants underwent a structured physical exam comprised of Castell's Method, Traube's Method, Nixon's Method, and one-handed palpation followed by a POCUS examination. Radiographic confirmation of splenomegaly (spleen length >12 cm) was obtained via abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging within 1 month of enrollment. The performance of each diagnostic test was determined. Of 130 patients enrolled, 55 (38.5%) had radiographically confirmed splenomegaly. POCUS demonstrated higher diagnostic performance (sensitivity 70.9%, specificity 72.0%, Matthew's correlation coefficient 0.43) compared with physical exam maneuvers. The most specific physical exam maneuver was Nixon's method (90.8%), while percussion of Traube's space had the highest sensitivity (52.7%). POCUS measurements strongly correlated with formal imaging (Spearman rho=0.630; P<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of POCUS was reduced in patients with elevated body mass index (P=0.027) and in those scanned within 2 hours of eating (P=0.047). The POCUS examination took almost twice as long as the combined physical exam maneuvers (median 142 vs. 82). POCUS outperforms traditional physical examination in detecting splenomegaly and correlates well with formal imaging, supporting its integration into bedside practice and medical education.
A Ureteral DE-lemma: Obstructive Hydroureteronephrosis in the Setting of Deep Endometriosis.
Gonzales N, Caserta MP, Bowman A … +2 more , Heller MT, Clingan MJ
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Sep · PMID 42335305 · Publisher ↗
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 10% to 15% of reproductive-aged women. The urinary tract is the second most common extragenital site of endometriosis after the gastrointestinal tract, with a p...
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 10% to 15% of reproductive-aged women. The urinary tract is the second most common extragenital site of endometriosis after the gastrointestinal tract, with a prevalence of 15% to 50% of women with deep endometriosis (DE). The urinary bladder is the most common site of urinary tract involvement (85%), followed by the ureter (10%), kidney (4%), and urethra (2%). Urinary bladder (anterior compartment) and ureter (mediolateral compartment) involvement are considered different disease entities. Patients with bladder involvement are more symptomatic with dysuria, urinary frequency, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Ureteral involvement is more commonly due to extrinsic compression, but may be intrinsic, involving the ureteral mucosa or muscularis. Hematuria is a rare presenting symptom of both bladder and ureteral involvement. Malignant transformation of urinary tract endometriosis is rare; however, DE involvement of the urinary tract may be mistaken for malignancy. Radiologists need a high index of suspicion for endometriosis in reproductive-aged women, and recognition of urinary tract involvement is important for timely treatment.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound as a Next-Step Tool After Indeterminate CT in ESRD.
Mc Caughey M, Gustainis D, Ambrosio M … +8 more , Sambommatsu Y, Imai D, Sharma A, Khan A, Lee SD, Bruno D, Prasad U, Saeed M
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Sep · PMID 42335288 · Publisher ↗
This study evaluates whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) serves as an effective next-step imaging modality for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have indeterminate renal lesions on computed tomogra...
This study evaluates whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) serves as an effective next-step imaging modality for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have indeterminate renal lesions on computed tomography (CT), assessing its diagnostic performance and potential impact on surgical decision-making. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with ESRD who underwent both CEUS and CT between 2021 and 2024 within the VCU Health System. The primary lesion analyzed in each case was the one most concerning for malignancy per the radiology report. If no malignancy was suspected, the largest lesion was selected. Imaging findings from CEUS and CT were assessed based on radiology reports and compared against histopathological results and clinical follow-up. A total of 76 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in lesion characterization accuracy between CEUS and CT (P=0.51), lesion diameter (P=0.70), or location (P=0.87). Among the 12 patients who underwent surgery due to suspected lesion malignancy, 11 (91.7%) were referred for surgery based on CEUS findings, with 100% confirmed malignancy on histopathology. CEUS demonstrates diagnostic performance comparable to CT for characterizing indeterminate renal lesions in patients with ESRD. When used as the next step after noncontrast CT, CEUS can reliably guide surgical decision-making while minimizing contrast and radiation exposure. Early integration of CEUS into structured clinical pathways may streamline evaluation, reduce delays to definitive management, and support timely progression toward transplant eligibility. Its safety, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness make CEUS a valuable tool for guiding care in this complex population.
Evaluation of Percutaneous Transabdominal Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in Pancreatic Lesions.
Rzayev F, Turgut B, Korkmaz B … +3 more , Keskin M, Bakdik S, Kilinç F
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42172108 · Publisher ↗
The objective and purpose of this research are to establish the definition of accuracy of diagnosis for both techniques, EUS-guided fine-needle aspirations (FNA) and ultrasound-guided core biopsies (US-CNB), in the asses...
The objective and purpose of this research are to establish the definition of accuracy of diagnosis for both techniques, EUS-guided fine-needle aspirations (FNA) and ultrasound-guided core biopsies (US-CNB), in the assessment of the pancreatic lesion depending on its size, position, and type of lesions. This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent US-CNB or EUS-FNA biopsy for pancreatic lesions between January 2019 and 2022. For each patient, demographic information and information on lesion size, location, and type were obtained. A total of 229 subjects were recruited into the study, with 140 in the US-CNB group and 89 subjects in the EUS-FNA group. The results revealed higher diagnostic efficiency in the US-CNB group compared with the EUS-FNA group, with efficiencies of 96.4% and 70.8%, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for confounders, US-CNB remained an independent predictor (OR=3.051, P=0.011). After propensity score matching, US-CNB continued to demonstrate significantly higher diagnostic efficiency compared with EUS-FNA (98.4% vs. 71.0%, P<0.001). Diagnostic performance parameters were evaluated in 105 patients with histopathologically established final diagnosis and at least 1 year of follow-up. In addition, US-CNB demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity when compared with EUS-FNA, which were 92.7% and 83%, respectively. In this retrospective cohort, US-CNB demonstrated higher sample adequacy and sensitivity compared with EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. This advantage was particularly evident in lesions smaller than 4 cm and those located in the head-uncinate process and body of the pancreas.
Elastography-Based Modeling of Breast Non-Mass Lesions: Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Qualitative and Quantitative Metrics.
Gundogdu S, Elverici E, Gunbey Karabekmez L … +3 more , Ozsoy A, Kutlu M, Camur E
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42172099 · Publisher ↗
This study assessed the diagnostic efficiency of strain elastography in differentiating benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions (NMLs) detected on ultrasonography. A total of 149 patients (mean age, 48.8±10.6 y) wit...
This study assessed the diagnostic efficiency of strain elastography in differentiating benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions (NMLs) detected on ultrasonography. A total of 149 patients (mean age, 48.8±10.6 y) with histopathologically confirmed NMLs were retrospectively analyzed. Each lesion was evaluated using B-mode ultrasonography and strain elastography, and both elasticity score and strain ratio were recorded. The mean strain ratio was significantly higher in malignant lesions than in benign ones (3.2±0.96 vs. 1.8±0.9, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a high diagnostic accuracy for strain ratio (area under the curve=0.863; 95% CI: 0.794-0.931), with a cutoff value of 2.45 yielding 82.8% sensitivity and 77.5% specificity. Lesions with an elasticity score ≥4 were more likely to be malignant (P<0.001). In multivariable modeling, adding elastography parameters to conventional ultrasonography improved diagnostic performance, and decision curve analysis demonstrated superior net clinical benefit for elastography-based models compared with ultrasonography alone. These findings suggest that integrating strain elastography into routine ultrasonographic assessment can enhance diagnostic accuracy and support clinical decision-making in patients with NMLs.
Balancing Efficiency and Diagnostic Quality in Modern Ultrasound Practice: Results of an SRU Member Survey.
Javitt MC, Horrow MH, Wong-You-Cheong J … +1 more , Rajadhyaksha C
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42172096 · Publisher ↗
Given the realities of current radiologist and sonographer staffing shortages, increasing caseloads, productivity metrics for performance, and pressure for faster turnaround times in ultrasound, this survey polled member...
Given the realities of current radiologist and sonographer staffing shortages, increasing caseloads, productivity metrics for performance, and pressure for faster turnaround times in ultrasound, this survey polled members of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound. The membership includes academic and private radiologist practitioners, experts, and directors in the field. The goal was to define the state of ultrasound practice today in various settings, understand the tradeoffs between speed and accuracy, and offer solutions that can mitigate these trends. An anonymous survey regarding specific details of individual ultrasound practice was circulated to the 500 members of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound, with 101 responses tallied in total. The majority of respondents reported a difference in their practice of ultrasound, including increased case volumes, decreased review of cases by radiologists before patients leave the department, and decreased time for academics and teaching. Results of this survey reveal threats to academic practice, oversight, and quality of scan reports, resident education, and staff retention. Possible solutions to mitigate these trends are discussed.
FIGO 2025 Gynecologic Cancers: An Ultrasound-Focused Imaging Update.
Virarkar M, Ortiz Cordero RG, Assumpcao MH … +2 more , Guevara Tirado OA, Bhosale P
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42172093 · Publisher ↗
The 2025 FIGO Cancer Report updates recommendations for the diagnosis, staging, and management of the 6 major gynecologic malignancies, including cervical, endometrial, vaginal, vulvar, ovarian, and fallopian tube cancer...
The 2025 FIGO Cancer Report updates recommendations for the diagnosis, staging, and management of the 6 major gynecologic malignancies, including cervical, endometrial, vaginal, vulvar, ovarian, and fallopian tube cancer, and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). The role of ultrasound differs considerably across the 6 cancers. In cases of endometrial and GTD, ultrasound is used to guide initial diagnosis, risk stratification, and surgical planning. In postmenopausal bleeding, a transvaginal ultrasound can assess endometrial thickness and determine the need for further evaluation. In cervical cancer, transrectal ultrasound allows local tumor assessment and brachytherapy guidance. Ovarian and fallopian tube cancers rely on ultrasound as the first-line tool for adnexal mass assessment and contribute to the Risk of Malignancy Index. For vaginal cancer, sonography has a complementary role in the anatomic assessment of the primary tumor. In vulvar cancer, ultrasound use is limited, as it is mainly for lymph node evaluation in early disease, when used in conjunction with clinical examination and cross-sectional imaging. Although ultrasound has limitations when assessing nodal spread or distant metastases, it can be used in combination with cross-sectional imaging and serial biomarkers to provide a complete evaluation. This review aims to summarize the ultrasound-relevant content from the 2025 FIGO update reports and serve as a practical reference for radiologists.
Lipoma Arborescens Revisited: Diagnostic and Interventional Value of Ultrasound.
Ocak H, Abacioğlu HB, Yalçinkaya B … +3 more , Çolak AF, Sarikaya KD, Çetin A
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42044519 · Publisher ↗
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Important Role of Ultrasound in Assessing Tubulocystic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Choi R, Radzinsky E, Morgan T … +1 more , Fananapazir G
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42044518 · Publisher ↗
Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is a rare renal neoplasm with imaging characteristics that may make it challenging to differentiate from benign cystic lesions. This retrospective single-institution study characterized...
Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is a rare renal neoplasm with imaging characteristics that may make it challenging to differentiate from benign cystic lesions. This retrospective single-institution study characterized the multimodality imaging features of pathologically confirmed tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma with emphasis on ultrasound (US) findings. Cases identified between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and imaging features on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and US. Seven patients (6 male, 1 female; mean age 61 ± 8 y) were included, with presentations of abdominal pain (n=2), hematuria (n=1), and incidental detection (n=4). The mean maximal tumor diameter was 2.4 cm (range: 1.4-4.8 cm); 6 lesions were round and 1 was bilobed. On CT, masses demonstrated low attenuation (mean 15 HU) with variable enhancement (mean 23 HU). MRI in 5 cases demonstrated predominantly T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense lesions, with 1 lesion showing mixed T2 signal intensity; 3 cases showed enhancement, including septa or a mural nodule. Two hyperechoic lesions demonstrated enhancement on MRI, with enhancement corresponding to the hyperechoic portions of the mixed echogenic mass. US in 5 cases showed 3 uniformly hyperechoic, 1 mixed echogenic, and 1 septated hypoechoic mass, all demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement. CEUS in 1 case revealed septal enhancement. Although CT and MRI features may mimic cysts, US most commonly demonstrates a hyperechoic lesion with posterior acoustic enhancement and may provide important additional diagnostic information when other imaging findings are equivocal.
Automated Detection of Pediatric Pneumonia via Clinically Driven AI Analysis of Lung Ultrasound.
Mohamed MK, Sultan LR, Venkatakkrishna SSB … +6 more , Cary TW, Workman L, Otero H, Zar HJ, Sehgal CM, Andronikou S
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42044517 · Publisher ↗
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized for diagnosing pediatric pneumonia due to its bedside accessibility, radiation-free nature, and high diagnostic sensitivity. However, broader clinical adoption remains hinde...
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized for diagnosing pediatric pneumonia due to its bedside accessibility, radiation-free nature, and high diagnostic sensitivity. However, broader clinical adoption remains hindered by operator dependency, inconsistent interpretation, and training challenges, particularly among trainees and less-experienced health care providers. Currently, there is an unmet need for practical tools that help trainees reliably detect pneumonia-related ultrasound findings. In this technical innovation study, we evaluated a semi-automated, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted system designed to identify clinically relevant lung abnormalities, including pleural line thickening, consolidation morphology, and B-line patterns. Our computerized analysis demonstrated the system's technical capability to accurately detect these structural changes with minimal user interaction. Although our primary aim was to assess diagnostic feasibility, the intuitive nature and real-time visual annotations provided by this AI tool highlight its strong potential for future integration into educational contexts. By visually assisting trainees in recognizing key sonographic features, this technology can facilitate learning, improve detection skills, and effectively support the training of health care providers performing pediatric LUS.
Assessment of Duration of Sliding Sign in Routine Pelvic Ultrasound Studies.
Ojieabu C, Clingan MJ, Young SW … +2 more , Patel MD, Caserta MP
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 42044514 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the uterine sliding sign in routine pelvic ultrasound examinations for improving the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted at Mayo Clini...
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the uterine sliding sign in routine pelvic ultrasound examinations for improving the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted at Mayo Clinic's Florida and Arizona campuses, including 200 premenopausal and perimenopausal women with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, or suspected endometriosis. Sonographers performed a uterine sliding maneuver during transvaginal ultrasound, and the acquisition times were recorded. Sonographer experience and the time required to perform the sliding sign were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The median acquisition time for the uterine sliding sign was 26 seconds, with no statistically significant difference based on sonographer experience. The addition of this maneuver extended the ultrasound examination by <1 minute on average, regardless of sonographer experience level. Incorporating the uterine sliding sign into routine pelvic ultrasound protocols is a quick and efficient method that enhances the detection of deep endometriosis, potentially reducing the significant diagnostic delay associated with endometriosis. This study supports the feasibility and minimal time impact of implementing the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) recommendations for augmented pelvic ultrasound in clinical practice.
Reliability of Rectus Femoris Ultrasound Measurements and Relationship With Truncal Muscle Mass in Healthy Individuals Using Concurrent CT Measurements as the Reference Standard: A Pilot Study.
Lu J, Bambha KM, Shariff Z … +3 more , Dhyani M, Dighe M, Cunha GM
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 41860417 · Publisher ↗
In chronic diseases, accelerated muscle mass loss is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) is considered a reference standard for assessing muscle mass, but it is limited for longitudinal asses...
In chronic diseases, accelerated muscle mass loss is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) is considered a reference standard for assessing muscle mass, but it is limited for longitudinal assessment. Ultrasound (US) is more suitable for longitudinal measurements, but limited reliability data or reference values exist to inform clinical adoption. This pilot study evaluated the reliability of rectus femoris (RF) muscle US measurements [cross-sectional area (CSA) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) stiffness] and investigated their relationship with CT-derived truncal muscle mass. Forty healthy living liver donors undergoing abdominal CT were included. CT-derived skeletal muscle area and skeletal muscle index at T12 and L3 were quantified using deep learning. US B-mode and SWE RF images obtained with manual and automated measurements. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC). Agreement between manual and automated methods was evaluated using the Dice coefficient. US and CT measurements associations were evaluated using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Inter-reader agreement for manual US CSA was excellent (ICC=0.95, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97). Test-retest reliability of SWE was good (ICC=0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.87). Automated and manual methods showed strong agreement (Dice coefficient 0.94) and good reliability (ICC=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.91). RF CSA demonstrated weak but significant correlations with CT-derived skeletal muscle area at both T12 and L3 levels (r=0.37 to 0.40, P<0.05). US parameters showed moderate predictive value for CT-derived skeletal muscle index at L3 (adjusted R²=0.70). In conclusion, RF US measurements are reliable, and automated measurements are feasible but show a modest correlation with CT-derived muscle mass measurements.
Is There a Safer Way for Thyroid Nodule Ablation: Comparative Study of Cooled and Uncooled Systems in Benign Thyroid Nodule Treatment.
Mahmutoğlu AS, Yildirim G, Aksoy DÖ … +4 more , Özgür E, Mahmutoğlu Ö, Meltem E, Karagöz Y
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 41860416 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) has emerged as a safe and effective nonsurgical treatment option for benign thyroid nodules (BTN), with ongoing debate regarding the comparative performance of coole...
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) has emerged as a safe and effective nonsurgical treatment option for benign thyroid nodules (BTN), with ongoing debate regarding the comparative performance of cooled (cMWA) and uncooled (uMWA) MWA systems. PURPOSE: This study aims to address this debate by comparing the safety and efficacy of cMWA and uMWA and to confirm the effectiveness of both systems in the treatment of BTN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 73 patients who underwent MWA treatment for BTN between September 2019 and May 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 24 patients [mean age: 43.87 ± 9.5 years; 15 females (62.5%)] with solid or predominantly solid nodules, who received a single session of cMWA (n = 12) or uMWA (n = 12), were included. Nodule volume reduction, cosmetic scores, clinical symptoms, side effects, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Nodule volumes significantly decreased at the third and sixth month follow-ups, with similar volume reduction ratios between cMWA and uMWA (60.30 ± 8 vs 57.29 ± 8.2 at 3 mo and 78.03 ± 6 vs 77.55 ± 10 at 6 mo). Energy power and ablation duration differed significantly between groups (uMWA: 15 watts, 26.92 ± 4.9 min vs cMWA: 30 watts, 14.77 ± 4.79 min). One major and 2 minor complications (nodule rupture and superficial hematoma) occurred only in the cMWA group. Cosmetic concerns and pressure symptoms improved in both groups during follow-up. CONCLUSION: uMWA provided similar volume reduction to cooled systems and demonstrated a favorable safety profile. However, observed differences in complications require cautious interpretation because of the limited sample size and the inherent difference in power settings.
Novel Ultrasound Technique to Evaluate the Superior Segment of the Internal Jugular Vein in Normal Subjects.
Macedo TA, Claus L, Meixner DD … +3 more , Hesley GK, Larson NB, Rooke TW
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Jun · PMID 41860412 · Publisher ↗
A novel ultrasound technique was used to assess the superior segment of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in healthy individuals, evaluating the feasibility of visualizing this vein through the parotid gland and examining...
A novel ultrasound technique was used to assess the superior segment of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in healthy individuals, evaluating the feasibility of visualizing this vein through the parotid gland and examining positional changes. Eighty-five patients undergoing unrelated carotid ultrasound were included, excluding those with headaches, migraines, or other neurological symptoms. A transducer was placed over the parotid gland, and gray scale images-with and without diameter measurement-and color and spectral Doppler of the IJV were obtained in neutral and head turned contralaterally. Technical feasibility and quantitative measurements with mean values and standard deviations were reported. Significant positional changes were assessed if paired data were available. Successful diameter measurements were obtained in at least one side in 79% to 80% of patients and bilaterally in 75%. Mean diameters were 5.5 cm (right) and 5 cm (left). Velocities were acquired in 82% (unilaterally) and 78% (bilaterally). Mean peak systolic velocities were 42 cm/s (right) and 32 cm/s (left). With head rotation, mean velocities were 46 cm/s (right) and 38 cm/s (left). In patients with paired measurements, velocities increased by over 50% in 19% to 28% of patients (P<0.05 for both sides). There was no significant change in the diameter when the head was turned. Visualization of the superior IJV using a parotid window and evaluation of its diameter and internal velocities are feasible with the head in both neutral position and turned contralaterally.
Sonographic Hallmarks of Nutcracker Syndrome.
Kubiszewski K, Clingan J, Caserta MP
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Mar · PMID 41705917 · Publisher ↗
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) occurs when the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), which can manifest as hematuria, proteinuria, flank pain, and pelvic venous congestion...
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) occurs when the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), which can manifest as hematuria, proteinuria, flank pain, and pelvic venous congestion as a sequela of renovenous hypertension. In the absence of symptoms, LRV compression is referred to as nutcracker anatomy or the nutcracker phenomenon. Though there are no currently formally accepted diagnostic pathways, US, CT, and MRI are frequently used to assess patients with NCS. The US is often the first imaging modality to be used in the workup of NCS. Doppler US is a way to measure blood flow velocity to suggest this diagnosis noninvasively. Two main US findings have been described in patients with NCS: a caliber reduction in the LRV >50% where it crosses the abdominal aorta and elevated peak systolic velocity at the level of obstruction. The anteroposterior diameter of the LRV hilar portion to its aortomesenteric portion of the LRV is compared with a ratio >4 described with NCS. In addition, the peak flow velocity of the LRV at the site of narrowing is compared to the flow velocity proximal to the narrowing, with a ratio greater than 5 described in patients with NCS.
Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Omental Biopsy in Relation to Pre-Biopsy Computed Tomography Imaging.
Asfuroğlu U, Öztürk S, Tangobay E … +2 more , Barutcu Asfuroğlu B, Uyanik SA
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Mar · PMID 41705910 · Publisher ↗
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided omental biopsy in patients with omental involvement, and to assess the added value of pre-biopsy computed tomography (CT). This retrospective study...
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided omental biopsy in patients with omental involvement, and to assess the added value of pre-biopsy computed tomography (CT). This retrospective study included 75 patients who underwent US-guided omental biopsy between January 2023 and 2025. Demographics, clinical, surgical pathology, and cytology data of patients were reviewed. The Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson χ2 test were used to compare the benign and malignant groups as well as diagnostic and non-diagnostic groups. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated using final diagnoses. Among the 75 patients [median age: 69 y (range: 28 to 87); 81% women], 70 had malignant and 5 had benign final diagnoses. US-guided omental biopsy achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 90.67%, with a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100%, NPV of 41.67%, PPV of 100%. No complications occurred. Ascitic fluid cytology was concordant with the final diagnosis in 70% of cases. On CT, higher omental attenuation was significantly associated with diagnostic biopsies, whereas other CT features showed no significant correlation. US-guided omental biopsy is a safe, minimally invasive, and highly accurate technique for evaluating omental involvement.
Does Increased Echogenicity in the Caudothalamic Groove Always Indicate Hemorrhage in Early Infancy?
Yazol M, Akhan BM, Boyunaga OL
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Mar · PMID 41701613 · Publisher ↗
We aim to evaluate the diagnostic significance of caudothalamic groove (CTG) echogenicity on cranial ultrasonography (CUS) by examining its correlation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including susceptibi...
We aim to evaluate the diagnostic significance of caudothalamic groove (CTG) echogenicity on cranial ultrasonography (CUS) by examining its correlation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). This retrospective study screened 131 neonatal intensive care unit neonatal intensive care unit infants with diagnostic-quality CUS and MRI (including SWI) performed between January 2019 and April 2022. Among these, 34 had CTG echogenicity on CUS; 18 of the 34 had no corresponding CTG hemorrhage on SWI and formed the analytic cohort. The final cohort included 18 infants (10 males, 8 females; mean gestational age 32.7 wk, range 25.3 to 39.3 wk). Five (27.8%) were term, 13 (72.2%) were preterm. Initial CUS demonstrating CTG echogenicity was performed at a mean of 15.7 postnatal days; echogenicity was bilateral in 9 (50%) and unilateral in 9 (50%), with teardrop-like morphology in 10 (55.6%). MRI with SWI was performed at a mean of 29 postnatal days (range 2 to 90 d). No hemorrhagic changes were observed in the CTG region on SWI. Three patients (16.7%) had normal MRI findings, 15 (83.3%) showed nonhemorrhagic abnormalities, including edema, thin corpus callosum, subependymal cysts, ventricular dilatation, or cortical malformations. This study demonstrates a discordance between CUS and SWI-MRI findings in infants with CTG echogenicity. The presence of term infants and bilateral involvement suggests that CTG echogenicity may be a nonspecific imaging finding that can reflect a variable pathophysiological process. Therefore, confirmatory MRI with SWI may be valuable for accurate diagnosis and clinical decision-making in both preterm and term neonates with isolated CTG echogenicity.
Compatibility and Bias Between Ultrasound-guided Attenuation Parameter and Controlled Attenuation Parameter for Ultrasound-based Hepatic Steatosis Assessment.
Miura D, Hiwatashi R, Sakata T
Ultrasound Q · 2026 Mar · PMID 41609568 · Publisher ↗
This retrospective observational study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) from the ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) attenuation coefficient (AC), and...
This retrospective observational study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) from the ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) attenuation coefficient (AC), and to evaluate the agreement, biases, and potential interchangeability between the 2 measurements in a routine clinical setting. A total of 85 patients who underwent both UGAP and CAP measurements on the same day were included. UGAP-AC values were converted from dB/cm/MHz to dB/m to match CAP units. Pearson's correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to derive a predictive equation for CAP based on UGAP-AC. Agreement and biases between the 2 attenuation values were assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. In addition, repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to assess the influence of body mass index (BMI) on measurement differences. UGAP-AC and CAP showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.947, P<0.0001). The regression equation was CAP (dB/m)=371.5× UGAP-AC + 12.3 (R²=0.8946). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a fixed bias of 28.6 dB/m and a BMI-dependent proportional bias. However, this proportional bias disappeared observed when analysis was limited to the clinically relevant CAP range (228 to 300 dB/m), suggesting good comparability between UGAP and CAP within the diagnostic range. UGAP-AC can reliably estimate CAP using a simple linear regression model. While some systematic biases exist, their clinical impact is limited. These findings support the potential interchangeability of UGAP and CAP for noninvasive hepatic steatosis assessment in high-throughput clinical practice.
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