Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal Of Clinical Medicine[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Avian influenza].
Kawachi S
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550653
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) came to the attention of the international sci- entific community for the first time in 1997 at Hong Kong. The current global spread of hu- man infection by this subtype started...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) came to the attention of the international sci- entific community for the first time in 1997 at Hong Kong. The current global spread of hu- man infection by this subtype started in 2003. Since then, many clinical case reports on H5N1 have been reported. In 2013, China WHO reported new avian influenza virus H7N9 infected to human. After 2013 season, H7N9 infection occurred seasonally in mainly China and total number of patients reached nearly one thousand in 2016 season. Clinically, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with avian influenza vi- rus infection is more severe than usual, which mortality rate reaches nearly 60%. A patholog- ical study of post-mortem biopsied lung tissues revealed that H5N1 infected alveolar epithe- lial cells and caused primary viral pneumonia, which subsequently developed into ARDS.
[Nipah and Hendra virus infectious diseases].
Yoneda M
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550652
Nipah and Hendra virus were first identified in mid 1990s in Australia and Malaysia, caus- ing epidemics with high mortality rate in affected animals and humans. Since their first emer- gence, they continued to re-emerge...
Nipah and Hendra virus were first identified in mid 1990s in Australia and Malaysia, caus- ing epidemics with high mortality rate in affected animals and humans. Since their first emer- gence, they continued to re-emerge in Australia and South East Asia almost every year. Nipah and Hendra virus were classified in the new genus Henipavirus because of their un- common features amongst Paramyxoviridae. Henipaviruses are zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a broad tropism, and cause severe acute respiratory disease and encephalitis. Their high virulence and wide host range make them to be given Biosecurity Level 4 status. This review summarizes details of Henipavirus emergence, reservoir hosts and pathology, and introduce recent progress in vaccines and antivirals.
[SARS, MERS and coronavirus infections].
Kawana A
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550651
The human coronavirus (HCoV) contains HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV- HKU1, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 are pathogens of common cold. During 2002-2003, a new coronavirus, t...
The human coronavirus (HCoV) contains HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV- HKU1, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 are pathogens of common cold. During 2002-2003, a new coronavirus, the SARS-CoV, was found to be the cause of an acute, severe frequently fatal respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The outbreak originated in south- ern China, probably following transmission from an animal in animal markets or bats to hu- mans. In 2012, some cases of novel coronavirus infection were reported in Arabian Peninsula with pneumonia and acute kidney injury. This novel coronavirus has been named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus probably has come from camels and bats. I describe here about coronaviruses that have wide disease spectrum.from common colds to severe fatal illness as emerging infectious diseases.
[Surveillance data in overseas-Comparison with Japan-].
Kimura Y, Yanagihara K
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550650
Measures for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are the world's common chal- lenges. It is important to construct an effective infection control and medical care system to understand the occurrence and the mode...
Measures for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are the world's common chal- lenges. It is important to construct an effective infection control and medical care system to understand the occurrence and the mode of transmission of emerging and re-emerging infec- tious diseases. However, it is feared the invasion of pathogens from abroad than ever before. Therefore, it is necessary to know the foreign surveillance data as well as Japan. Currently, the United States, Europe and Australia, has been carried out surveillance at the national lev- el. These surveillance data to reference, to expect that lead to infectious diseases clinic, which was further enhanced in Japan.
[Globalization and emerging infectious diseases].
Oshitani H
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550649
In recent years, emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and se- vere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have been an issue of global concern. With global- ization, the risk of emergence of new dise...
In recent years, emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and se- vere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have been an issue of global concern. With global- ization, the risk of emergence of new diseases is increasing since humans have more chan- ces to be exposed to new pathogens. Also, the risk of international spread of infectious diseases is increasing because of increased international travel. International organizations including World Health Organization have been trying to establish better global systenM to respond to emerging infectious diseases. But SARS outbreak in 2003 and EVD outbreak in West Africa in 2014 highlighted that the current global system is still not fully functioning. The risk of emerging infectious diseases also exists in Japan. It is urgent to strengthen ca- pacity to detect and respond to such outbreaks in Japan.
[Globalization and zoonosis].
Maeda K
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550648
Recently, many infectious diseases have emerged and most of their pathogens are origi- nated from mammalians (zoonosis). Furthermore, some of the diseases spread all over the world by international flow of goods, people...
Recently, many infectious diseases have emerged and most of their pathogens are origi- nated from mammalians (zoonosis). Furthermore, some of the diseases spread all over the world by international flow of goods, people and animals. In this review, emergence and transboundary spread of zoonotic infectious diseases in Japan are focused on.
[Overview of emerging and re-emerging infections -the historical transition of infectious diseases-].
Suzuki K
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Dec · PMID 30550647
It is presumed that various changes of rapid increase of the human and material traffic with worldwide scale, environment, or a social situation have caused the infection showing emerging and re-emerging infectious disea...
It is presumed that various changes of rapid increase of the human and material traffic with worldwide scale, environment, or a social situation have caused the infection showing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. These infectious diseases as the emerging infectious diseases which were not seen until now and the re-emerging infectious diseases which have observed again have been increased. Emerging and re-emerging infections hap- pened by various factors, such as environmental destruction by the increase in a traveler or export and import, and a deforestation. Nowadays,we face to AIDS, Lassa fever, Ebola dis- ease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tuberculo- sis, enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection, Legionella infection, the Cryptosporidium infection, Zika virus infection, etc. are mentioned.
[Recent advances in research on chronic active EB virus infection].
Kimura H
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550704
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus that is associated with a variety of malignancies. Chronic active virus infection (CAEBV) is an EBV-associated T or NK cell lymphoproliferative diseases that occu...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus that is associated with a variety of malignancies. Chronic active virus infection (CAEBV) is an EBV-associated T or NK cell lymphoproliferative diseases that occur most often in children and young adults in East Asia. It is still not known why this ubiquitous virus causes CAEBV in certain individuals. In this review, potential pathogenesis of CAEBV is thoroughly discussed. Recent advances in both basic and clinical research on CAEBV are also shown.
[Molecular biological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the colorectal serrated lesions].
Nagata T, Tsuruta O, Maeyama Y … +2 more , Mukasa M, Kawano H
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550703
Previous data shows that colorectal serrated lesions are precursor of carcinogenesis. It has been advancing even molecular biological analysis, SSA/P become microsatellite instability (MSI) positive colon cancers and TSA...
Previous data shows that colorectal serrated lesions are precursor of carcinogenesis. It has been advancing even molecular biological analysis, SSA/P become microsatellite instability (MSI) positive colon cancers and TSA become microsatellite stable (MSS) positive colon cancers. It is observed that redness and double elevation in conventional endoscopy, CP type II (Sano classification) in the NBI endoscopy, type III pit pattern in magnifying endoscopy, if SSA/P have cytological dysplastic change. Especially, if SSA/P have cancerous change, CP type III and type V pit pattern are observed.
[Current status of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer based on the evidence of JCOG0404 trial].
Inomata M, Akagi T, Nakajima K
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550702
The concept of optimal surgery for colorectal cancer in Japan includes D3 dissection, which preserves the mesocolic plane by sharp dissection off the parietal plane, with central vascular ligation. In recent 25 years, la...
The concept of optimal surgery for colorectal cancer in Japan includes D3 dissection, which preserves the mesocolic plane by sharp dissection off the parietal plane, with central vascular ligation. In recent 25 years, laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers has been widespread, and Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery(JSES) demonstrated that a penetration rate of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer was 58 % in 2013. To evaluate long and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic D3 resection for stage Il/III colorectal cancer, a randomized con- trolled trial was conducted in Japan (JCOG0404). The evidence based on JCOG0404 trial would contribute to the appropriate development of laparoscopic surgery with technical and oncological safety in Japan.
[Molecular approach for diagnosis of colorectal cancer].
Toiyama Y, Kusunoki M
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550701
Implementation of screening programs aimed at early detection of colorectal cancer is essen- tial to reduce incidence and mortality rates. Current screening and diagnostic methods range from semi-invasive procedures such...
Implementation of screening programs aimed at early detection of colorectal cancer is essen- tial to reduce incidence and mortality rates. Current screening and diagnostic methods range from semi-invasive procedures such as colonoscopy to noninvasive stool-based tests. On the other hands, with the development of new sensitive molecular techniques, colorectal cancer initiation and progression have been known to control by both genetic and epigenetic events, which can be used for the development of novel, minimally invasive molecular bio- markers. The purpose of this review is to discuss the commercially available colorectal cancer molecular diagnostic methods as well as to highlight some of the new candidate molecular markers for stool, and blood samples.
[Current topics of colorectal cancer screening].
Tomita N, Yamano T, Tsukamoto K
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550700
Despite the recent advancement of the treatment including endoscopic resection, surgery, and systemic chemotherapy, mortality rate of colorectal cancer(CRC) has been increasing in Japan. Therefore, the strategy for CRC s...
Despite the recent advancement of the treatment including endoscopic resection, surgery, and systemic chemotherapy, mortality rate of colorectal cancer(CRC) has been increasing in Japan. Therefore, the strategy for CRC should be focused to both the early diagnosis by efficient screening and prevention. The screening using fecal occult blood test and subsequent total colonoscopy has been recognized as a gold standard of CRC screening, however, the checkup rate of these examinations is still very low in Japan. It is considered to be important to improve this checkup rate and now, the new modalities, such as computed tomographic colonography or capsule colon endoscopy, are expected to be involved in the clinical practice of CRC screening.
[Palliative medicine as active cancer therapy support].
Miyake S
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550699
Active cancer therapy consists of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The meaning of palliative cancer care have been changed from end-of-life care to accomplishment of better QOL of cancer patients and their family fro...
Active cancer therapy consists of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The meaning of palliative cancer care have been changed from end-of-life care to accomplishment of better QOL of cancer patients and their family from the period of diagnosis and early treatment. Palliative medicine as active cancer therapy support includes not only supportive care for the adverse events of active cancer therapy but also shared decision making with patients and family. Concordance was originally proposed by pharmacists as a term to achieve better adherence for drugs. It is also applied to team approach for cancer therapy that patients and family are also the team members.
[Self-expanding metallic stent for unresectable obstructive colorectal cancer].
Nagao S, Enomoto T, Saida Y
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550698
Colon stent self-expanding metallic stents(SEMS) are useful for obstructive colorectal cancers (CRC). SEMS placement has indicated in the palliation of malignant colorectal obstruc- tion, and bridge to elective surgery f...
Colon stent self-expanding metallic stents(SEMS) are useful for obstructive colorectal cancers (CRC). SEMS placement has indicated in the palliation of malignant colorectal obstruc- tion, and bridge to elective surgery for resectable colorectal cancers. SEMS can reduce the risk of early complications, mortality, stoma creation rate, and shorten hospital stay. Although SEMS placement was associated with a risk of perforation of the colon and late complications, it also contributed significantly to better long-term quality of life. Perforation might occur with mishandling of guide wire during endoscopic procedure. Therefore, it is better to take careful attention and follow the mini-guide line of Japan colonic stent safe procedure research group during the procedure. SEMS could provide feasible outcomes for patients with obstructive unresectable CRC as palliative treatment.
[Conversion chemotherapy for unresectable or recurrent colorectal cancer].
Nakanishi R, Oki E, Sugiyama M … +4 more , Nakashima Y, Ando K, Saeki H, Maehara Y
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550697
Conversion therapy to surgical resection is associated with prolonged survival and even cure in patients with unresectable or borderline metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). The indication should be decided after close co...
Conversion therapy to surgical resection is associated with prolonged survival and even cure in patients with unresectable or borderline metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). The indication should be decided after close considerations to the patient's background and the mutation status of RAS/BRAF. The conversion strategy should be chosen especially for liver limited disease (LLD). Though the systemic chemotherapy with molecular targeted drug, such as bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab lead to improved response and conversion rate, the best regimen for the conversion has not yet been elucidated. According to the result of KSCC0802 and KSCC1002, we are planning ATOM trial, which compare the progression free survival after 1" line treatment of modified FOLFOX6+either panitumumab or bevaci- zumab for patients with LLD.
[Peri-operative chemotherapy for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases].
Kanemitsu Y, Shida D, Tsukamoto S … +1 more , Ochiai H
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550696
Approximately one-third of patients survive for 5 years following curative resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, and the proportion of hepatectomy-related death is as low as 1-2 %. These observations st...
Approximately one-third of patients survive for 5 years following curative resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, and the proportion of hepatectomy-related death is as low as 1-2 %. These observations strongly support the view that hepatectomy seems to be the most effective therapy for treating hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, due to the potential for long-term survival that is not possible with other treatment modalities. However, a hepatectomy alone does not always provide a complete cure. Adjuvant chemo- therapy may reduce the risk of recurrence and improve long-term survival, but administering systemic agents to the patients with resectable hepatic metastases in the clinical practice is not universal. Until recently, there has been little support for requiring peri-operative chemotherapy in patients with resectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. We, there- fore, conducted a phase II/II randomized controlled trial (JCOG0603) to evaluate modified FOLFOX(mFOLFOX) as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with curatively resected liver metastases from colorectal cancer. We eagerly await the results of this trial.
[Benefits and disadvantages of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer].
Konishi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550695
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer is now widely performed and has been validated by multiple randomized controlled trials to be oncologically effective. The most important benefit of chemoradiotherapy is r...
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer is now widely performed and has been validated by multiple randomized controlled trials to be oncologically effective. The most important benefit of chemoradiotherapy is reduction of local recurrence. Potential benefits include increased sphincter preservation in good responders, and further organ preservation by non-operative management in patients with complete clinical response. Oncological bene- fits are limited within the pelvis, and it does not improve overall survival. Inherent disad- vantages include long duration of overall treatment, poor anal function after sphincter-pres- ervation, increase of perineal wound complication after abdominoperineal resection, and short-term and long-term toxicity of radiotherapy. This review highlights on the current evidences of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.
[Current status and future perspective of the chemotherapy for colorectal cancer].
Shirasu H, Tsushima T, Yamazaki K
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550694
In the last decade unprecedented advances have been seen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). Clinical developments of many active agents have contributed to this great progress in the prognosis of mCR...
In the last decade unprecedented advances have been seen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). Clinical developments of many active agents have contributed to this great progress in the prognosis of mCRC. Recently, new active agents and combination chemotherapies have been developed and reported promising results for HER2 positive, BRAF mutant, and MSI-High mCRC patients. On the other hand, IDEA project is on-going for patients with stage II colon cancer, to answer whether a three-month course of oxaliplatin. -based adjuvant therapy (FOLFOX4/modified FOLFOX6 or XELOX) is non-inferior to the current standard six-month treatment. This chapter focuses on the current status and the future Dersoective of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
[The risk of adverse events of CPT- 11].
Imataka H, Sekikawa T, Ichikawa W
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550693
Irinotecan is a camptothecin analog used worldwide for a broad range of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. It can cause severe adverse drug reactions, such as neutropenia or diarrhea. Recent pharmacogenetic studi...
Irinotecan is a camptothecin analog used worldwide for a broad range of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. It can cause severe adverse drug reactions, such as neutropenia or diarrhea. Recent pharmacogenetic studies on irinotecan have revealed the impact of UGT1A1 polymorphisms on severe adverse effects. The concurrence of UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*6, even when heterozygous, markedly alters the disposition of irinotecan, potentially increasing toxicity. For patients showing homozygosity for UGT1A1*28, *6 or compound heterozygosity for UGT1A1*6 and *28, dose reduction of irinotecan is strongly recommended. But dose reduction criteria or effect of dose reduction have not been clarified. If prediction accuracy of expression risk of adverse reaction improve, It is expected to be possible to appro- priate therapeutic indications and drug selection, dose setting.
[Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors after lung metastasectomy for pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer].
Hishida T, Tsuboi M
Nihon Rinsho · 2016 Nov · PMID 30550692
Surgical resection of resectable pulmonary metastasis from colorectal cancer(PM-CRC) has been widely performed and considered to be the primary treatment modality. We re- viewed the recent literatures on metastasectomy o...
Surgical resection of resectable pulmonary metastasis from colorectal cancer(PM-CRC) has been widely performed and considered to be the primary treatment modality. We re- viewed the recent literatures on metastasectomy of PM-CRC and summarized the long-term survival data and prognostic factors after metastasectomy of PM-CRC. Although many prog- nostic factors have been reported, recent major studies and meta-analysis suggested that the following 4 indicators were promising prognostic factors: (1) number of metastasis, (2) disease-free interval, (3) preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level, and (4) hilar/mediastinal nodal status. Poor prognostic factors preoperatively proven cannot preclude surgical indication; however, they are useful in deciding operability especially for compromised patients. Prognostic factors are also useful for estimating survival provability of the patients and appropriate postoperative management.
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