The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Effect of ambisonic order on sound localization in the horizontal plane.
Culling JF, MacLeod SC, Shiebert JA
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jul · PMID 42383671 · Publisher ↗
Sound localization performance was measured for ambisonic panning over a circular array of loudspeakers with various orders of ambisonics. Absolute sound localization was measured by recording physical orientation to the...
Sound localization performance was measured for ambisonic panning over a circular array of loudspeakers with various orders of ambisonics. Absolute sound localization was measured by recording physical orientation to the perceived sound source using a head tracker. The frequency of front/back errors was elevated using first-order ambisonics. After front/back correction, first- and second-order ambisonics still produced distortions in perceptual space compared to higher orders. For orders three to eight, the further performance improvements were not statistically significant; accuracy was comparable with that for point sources and replicated the perceptual biases listeners have shown for the azimuth of sound sources. Precision of absolute sound localization was also poorer for first- and second-order ambisonics. To estimate precision without contamination from motor responses, the minimum audible angle (MAA) was measured at a range of azimuths for 1st-, 3rd-, and 8th-order ambisonics. MAAs were smaller for 3rd- and 8th-order ambisonics than for 1st-order ambisonics. At the higher orders, the MAA was comparable to that observed with point sources in previous studies when the source was close to the midline. Otherwise, ambisonic MAAs were poorer than reported for dicrete sound sources, but replicated reports of relatively elevated MAAs in the rear hemifield.
Explicit cue weighting in a Bayesian model of auditory localization: Quantifying the relative contributions of binaural and spectral cuesa).
Yao D, Zhao J, Mi Q … +1 more , Li J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jul · PMID 42383670 · Publisher ↗
Auditory localization depends on the integration of binaural and spectral cues, yet their relative contributions to localization judgments remain difficult to quantify within a unified computational framework. This study...
Auditory localization depends on the integration of binaural and spectral cues, yet their relative contributions to localization judgments remain difficult to quantify within a unified computational framework. This study introduces a Bayesian model of static auditory localization with an explicit cue-weighting (ECW) mechanism that estimates cue-specific weighting parameters by fitting behavioral responses. By embedding ECW into the likelihood function, the model provides a probabilistic framework for characterizing how weighted acoustic cues, spatial priors, and motor noise jointly shape localization responses. The estimated weighting patterns were broadly consistent with classic psychoacoustic findings, showing stronger weighting of binaural cues together with selective high-frequency weighting of spectral cues. The model further accounted for major behavioral trends across broadband stimulation and several challenging acoustic conditions, including non-individualized head-related transfer functions and reduced spectral resolution via vocoders. Together, these results indicate that the proposed ECW model extends Bayesian models of auditory localization by making the relative contributions of established binaural and spectral cues behaviorally estimable while providing competitive predictive performance.
Automated association of fin whale calls for localization using distributed acoustic sensing.
Goestchel Q, Wilcock WSD, Abadi S
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jul · PMID 42383669 · Publisher ↗
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on submarine cables is an untapped resource for monitoring marine mammals. The high spatial coverage and resolution of DAS data require specialized automated methods. In November 2021,...
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on submarine cables is an untapped resource for monitoring marine mammals. The high spatial coverage and resolution of DAS data require specialized automated methods. In November 2021, the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Regional Cabled Array (RCA) collected DAS data including fin whale calls from an experiment offshore of central Oregon using two nearshore cable sections (65 and 95 km long) with sampling rates up to 1 kHz. This study presents an automated method for associating and localizing fin whale call detections of the OOI RCA. The method employs a grid search approach to associate acoustic arrival times between cables and multiple calling individuals, utilizing data from one or both cables depending on detection availability. Noisy call associations are enhanced through Gabor filtering of detections and spatial windowing on the farthest cable sections. Localization is performed using a weighted least squares inversion. Five ten-minute subsets of detection data were manually annotated to compute precision, recall, and F1-scores. The method enhanced with a far spatial window achieves recall values of 0.92-0.94 with low precision (0.3), which can be mitigated by subsequent track formation. These findings highlight the potential of submarine cable DAS for continuous, large-scale marine mammal monitoring.
Reducing computational complexity in adaptive sound zones with online room impulse response estimation.
Cadavid J, Møller MB, van Waterschoot T … +2 more , Bech S, Østergaard J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42360461 · Publisher ↗
Sound zone techniques allow processing audio signals to control a set of loudspeakers and playback independent audio content in specific areas in a room, typically sampled through a microphone array. This task comprises...
Sound zone techniques allow processing audio signals to control a set of loudspeakers and playback independent audio content in specific areas in a room, typically sampled through a microphone array. This task comprises two processes: acquiring room impulse responses (RIRs) between all loudspeakers and microphones and, based on these, calculating the control filters. Recent adaptive filtering methods allow performing both processes simultaneously, resulting in sound zones able to adapt to changes in the system. However, existing sample-based implementations, processing one input sample per iteration, are computationally very expensive. Alternatively, a block-based implementation is proposed, which, processing several samples per iteration, allows reducing the computational demands of such dynamic sound zones. Further reductions are achieved by truncating the RIR estimates and using less computationally demanding adaptive filter update algorithms. With respect to sample-based approaches, the proposed block-based processing can reduce the computational complexity by more than 90%, in that case, at the expense of increasing the time required to reach a certain acoustic performance. Furthermore, the proposed block-based scheme successfully adapts to changes, and inaccurate RIR estimations do not hinder sound zones rendering. The method was experimentally validated, and further reductions in the computational complexity can be made through frequency domain implementations.
Small-sample unbiased linear coherence estimators for a complex Gaussian random process.
Cho B
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42346881 · Publisher ↗
The Pearson sample correlation coefficient, the maximum likelihood linear coherence estimator for a jointly Gaussian random process, is ubiquitously used in remote sensing and forecasting systems and dictates their perfo...
The Pearson sample correlation coefficient, the maximum likelihood linear coherence estimator for a jointly Gaussian random process, is ubiquitously used in remote sensing and forecasting systems and dictates their performance. However, the asymptotically optimal properties of this estimator degrade in practical cases due to the finite samples available. Here, we analytically derive small-sample unbiased estimators for the correlation coefficient and its squared modulus of a jointly circular complex Gaussian random process. Each obtained complete and sufficient statistic is the unique small-sample unbiased estimator attaining minimum possible variance, and is expressed as a bijective function of the corresponding maximum likelihood estimator. The unbiased squared modulus estimator function aggressively corrects the positive bias in the squared sample correlation coefficient by extending the function's range to negative values, while the unbiased complex estimator function has little bias-correcting effect. For the absolute modulus of the complex correlation coefficient, we find an unbiased estimator does not exist. Performances of the derived estimators are analyzed, and we propose an estimator that improves both the bias and the mean square error of the squared sample correlation coefficient. Examples are provided, showing the bias in ocean acoustic coherence measurements and its impact on array design.
Automated detection and annotation of toothed-whale whistles using transformer-based instance segmentation.
Zhang X, Liu X, Alksne MN … +1 more , Roch MA
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42340861 · Publisher ↗
Accurate detection and fine-scale annotation of dolphin whistles are crucial for understanding marine mammal communication and population dynamics. Dolphin-whistle annotation is challenging due to highly variable signals...
Accurate detection and fine-scale annotation of dolphin whistles are crucial for understanding marine mammal communication and population dynamics. Dolphin-whistle annotation is challenging due to highly variable signals, overlapping calls including echolocation clicks, attenuation, and noisy backgrounds. Most existing methods treat the task as a spectrogram peak-tracking problem, linking neighboring detected peaks using heuristic or statistical methods, and rely on manual feature engineering. While effective for long, clear whistles, they lack generalizability for short, weak whistles across species. We reformulated dolphin-whistle detection as an instance-segmentation task, introducing an end-to-end transformer model that predicted complete whistle contours directly from spectrograms, eliminating peak-detection and trajectory-reconstruction stages. To overcome manual labeling limitations, we integrated a human-in-the-loop training paradigm that iteratively refined annotations, improving both data quality and model performance. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this architecture on a subset of the detection, classification, localization, and density estimation 2011 corpus where we partitioned training and test data such that test data were from species, locations, and hydrophones that were excluded from the training data. Experiments showed that our end-to-end system generalized effectively in these conditions, achieving 89.99% precision and 80.65% recall for all whistles, and 85.81% precision with 88.44% recall for whistles longer than 150 ms.
Effect of temperature and concentration on the thermo-acoustic behavior of vitamin B5 (d-Panthenol) solutions in the presence of glycol additives.
Chakraborty N, Juglan KC, Syed AH
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42334603 · Publisher ↗
This study examines the influence of temperature and concentration on the thermo-acoustic properties of binary [propylene glycol (PG)/hexylene glycol (HG) + water] and ternary (PG/HG + d-Panthenol + water) liquid systems...
This study examines the influence of temperature and concentration on the thermo-acoustic properties of binary [propylene glycol (PG)/hexylene glycol (HG) + water] and ternary (PG/HG + d-Panthenol + water) liquid systems. Density and ultrasonic velocity measurements were carried out over the temperature range 288.15-318.15 K at d-Panthenol concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mol/kg under ambient pressure. Apparent and partial molar volumes [Vϕ and Vϕ0 respectively] and transfer partial molar volumes [ΔVϕ0] were evaluated from density data to investigate solute-solvent interactions. Acoustic parameters, including apparent and partial molar compressibility [Kϕ,S and Kϕ,S0 respectively] and their transfer values [ΔKϕ,S0] were determined using ultrasonic velocity measurements. Positive values of Kϕ,S0 for binary systems indicate the dominance of solvent intrinsic compressibility over solute effects. Pair-triplet interaction coefficients, partial molar expansibility (Eϕ0), and its temperature derivative ∂Eϕ0/∂TP were also analyzed to elucidate temperature-dependent molecular interactions. Additionally, apparent specific volume (ASV), relative association, and relaxation strength were employed to assess solvation behavior and taste-related characteristics. The results demonstrate strong temperature- and concentration-dependent intermolecular interactions, providing valuable insights for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic formulations involving vitamin B5 and glycol-based additives.
The visome: Using cognitive networks to examine lip-reading errors in English words.
Vitevitch MS, Lachs L, Flynn MB … +1 more , Kelly R
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42334602 · Publisher ↗
Network science was used to examine how English words look rather than sound when spoken. Measures of the visome (network of visual word representations) were compared to a phonological network at the macro- (whole netwo...
Network science was used to examine how English words look rather than sound when spoken. Measures of the visome (network of visual word representations) were compared to a phonological network at the macro- (whole network), meso- (subsets of nodes), and micro-levels (individual nodes) to determine how the structure of the visome influences lipreading performance. Conventional psycholinguistic measures and network structure measures were further examined in two databases of lipreading errors. Lipreading errors were higher in frequency of occurrence than the target words. Target words had uniqueness points that occurred after the end of the word (indicating that they are embedded in other words in the visome). Words varied in the number of viseme twins they have (i.e., words that look the same when spoken), and words with many twins are lipread less accurately than words with fewer twins. Words with many viseme neighbors (the word is related to another word by the addition, deletion, or substitution of a viseme) were also lipread less accurately than words with fewer viseme neighbors. Errors tended to reside in the same community as the target word instead of in a different community. Network analysis may be useful for reviving and advancing research on lipreading.
Resident subjective annoyance responses to combined road traffic and train-induced structure-borne noise: Effects of sound environment.
Li X, Zheng B, Luo W … +2 more , Guo W, Zou C
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42329039 · Publisher ↗
While road traffic noise annoyance has been extensively studied, field-based dose-response data for the combined exposure to road traffic noise and train-induced structure-borne noise in urban residential buildings remai...
While road traffic noise annoyance has been extensively studied, field-based dose-response data for the combined exposure to road traffic noise and train-induced structure-borne noise in urban residential buildings remain scarce, particularly under varying window conditions. An exposome field experiment was conducted with 96 residents in a real residential building in Guangzhou, China. Participants were exposed to three standardized noise conditions: road traffic noise with windows open; road traffic noise with windows closed; and train-induced structure-borne noise with windows closed. An inverse correlation was observed between road traffic noise annoyance and structure-borne noise annoyance under closed-window conditions, suggesting a trade-off in residents' annoyance allocation. Self-reported health status emerged as a statistically significant covariate, with participants reporting poorer health exhibiting consistently higher annoyance ratings across all noise conditions. These findings indicate that: (1) window configuration exerts a pronounced influence on both acoustic exposure magnitude and perceptual annoyance response to road traffic noise; and (2) dose-response relationships are acoustically and contextually specific, precluding direct extrapolation across noise sources or environmental settings. These results offer empirically grounded, quantitative evidence to inform evidence-based noise policy formulation and performance-oriented building design standards-particularly in urban environments characterized by mixed transportation noise exposures.
Vocal-tract length estimation from vowel formants benchmarked against acoustic pharyngometry.
Friedrichs D, Guerrini U, Ekström A … +2 more , Dellwo V, Moran S
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42329038 · Publisher ↗
Estimating vocal-tract length (VTL) from vowel formants can aid speaker normalization, but few methods have been benchmarked against an anatomical reference in the same speakers. We combined acoustic pharyngometry (APh)...
Estimating vocal-tract length (VTL) from vowel formants can aid speaker normalization, but few methods have been benchmarked against an anatomical reference in the same speakers. We combined acoustic pharyngometry (APh) and speech data from 42 adults to benchmark eight widely used formant-based VTL estimators against incisors-to-glottis length and to test an interpretable two-stage bias-corrected linear estimator. Across more than 400 000 central frames with valid F1-F4, traditional quarter-wave, odd-harmonic, and dispersion-type estimators correlated with VTLAPh but showed poor out-of-sample anatomical recovery and strong calibration compression. Re-estimated one-stage linear models reduced mean absolute error (MAE; median ≈1.0 cm) but still overestimated shorter tracts and underestimated longer tracts. A two-stage model markedly improved calibration and agreement, outperforming one-stage linear and nonlinear alternatives (median per-vowel MAE 0.39 cm, median out-of-sample R2=0.83). Front and front-rounded vowels were the most informative. Speaker-level 95% limits of agreement were about ±0.9 cm, indicating that the method is better suited to aggregated tract-scale estimation than to direct anatomical measurement. These results identify calibration bias as a central limitation of standard formant-based VTL estimators and provide a practical, interpretable route to tract-scale estimation from similarly processed labeled-vowel data under matched conditions.
Optimizing an ultrasonic levitator with two confronting emitters to levitate wavelength-scaled disks.
Yan N, Liu X, Hou N … +2 more , Hong Z, Geng D
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42329037 · Publisher ↗
Acoustic levitation is an important technique for contactless manipulation of solids and liquids and an effective space simulation approach for containerless environments, with expanding applications in physics, chemistr...
Acoustic levitation is an important technique for contactless manipulation of solids and liquids and an effective space simulation approach for containerless environments, with expanding applications in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Here, we investigate the levitation dynamics of solid disks using an ultrasonic levitator with two confronting emitters. A three-dimensional acoustic model is established to calculate the acoustic radiation force by varying the emitters' surface curvature radius, cross section radius, and the levitated disks' inclination. The numerical results show the acoustic radiation force on the disk is mainly dominated by the bottom emitter, increasing abruptly from 0.01 N to 42.86 N by optimizing the levitator's geometric parameters, thus achieving enhanced levitation with two opposing ultrasonic waves. The dynamics of the levitated disk in the acoustic field is discussed, and a stable equilibrium levitation area is achieved. Once disturbed, the disks deviate from the central axis and tilt horizontally, reaching a new stable state. Further calculations reveal the distribution profiles of levitation force and torque on the disks, predicting the stable levitation region of wavelength-scaled solid disks at tilted angles. Manipulation of the levitated object is also proposed by modulating the phase parameters of the two confronting sound beams.
Exploratory study on in-cabin soundscapes: Psycho-physiological responses and user experience in music listening environments.
Jeon JY, Santika BB, Lee H … +4 more , Yoon H, Kim JS, Park D, Kim J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42329036 · Publisher ↗
This exploratory study evaluates audio-rendering method and listening position in-cabin music listening environments under controlled audiovisual presentation. Twenty-two participants experienced two, 6 min music excerpt...
This exploratory study evaluates audio-rendering method and listening position in-cabin music listening environments under controlled audiovisual presentation. Twenty-two participants experienced two, 6 min music excerpts under five scenarios combining reference stereo playback, measured impulse-response-based seat-specific auralization, and surround-enhanced Dolby 5.1 reproduction. Perceptual ratings consistently differentiated the scenarios. Surround-enhanced conditions generally improved spatial impression, envelopment, and presence/realism relative to the standard auralized conditions, while front and rear listening positions produced different clarity and reverberance patterns consistent with measured impulse-response differences. Heart rate variability showed a significant omnibus effect for the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio in the orchestra excerpt, although corrected pairwise differences were not robust; electroencephalography alpha power showed condition-dependent regional differences in temporal, parietal, and occipital areas. Correlation analyses linked level and psychoacoustic descriptors, including sharpness and dynamic level range, to perceptual attributes, indoor soundscape expressions, and overall impression. The study contributes a reproducible measurement-based workflow for seat-aware in-cabin music soundscape evaluation and suggests that passenger audio tuning should consider rendering method and listening position as coupled design variables.
Evaluating measurement accuracy of ear-canal reflectance using a conical horn.
Hajicek JJ, Harris SE, Nørgaard KM … +2 more , Siegel JH, Neely ST
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314052 · Publisher ↗
Acoustic reflectance is fundamental to the set of ear-canal measures collectively known as wideband acoustic immittance (WAI). The potential of WAI to inform diagnostic audiology, and its broader clinical adoption, remai...
Acoustic reflectance is fundamental to the set of ear-canal measures collectively known as wideband acoustic immittance (WAI). The potential of WAI to inform diagnostic audiology, and its broader clinical adoption, remain active areas of study. Individual variability, challenges in diagnostic interpretation, and the lack of adopted standards for quantifying measurement accuracy are barriers to wider clinical use. This study builds upon a previously proposed theoretical framework for validating reflectance measurements. Specifically, we demonstrate a method for checking (1) the accuracy of WAI device measurements and (2) consistency across repeated measurements. We describe an updated acoustic horn design and use it as a physical reference waveguide with a known analytic solution to verify measurement accuracy. Quantitative comparisons of reflectance measurements to the horn's analytic solution were performed using a total of six three-dimensional (3D)-printed horns. These comparisons yielded Pearson correlations of 0.98-0.99 and maximum absolute deviations in reflectance magnitudes below 0.02. The proposed horn is inexpensive to reproduce and could function as part of a reference standard for validating acoustic reflectance, help explain sources of variability, and contribute to wider clinical acceptance of WAI by increasing user confidence in measurement consistency and accuracy.
Perturbing postural stability affects acoustic properties but not fluency of adult speech production during face-to-face interactiona).
Li M, Yang JE, Fuchs S … +1 more , Aussems S
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312852 · Publisher ↗
Physical constraints, particularly those that challenge postural stability and control, may measurably influence speech production. This experimental study investigated how increased postural stability demands affect adu...
Physical constraints, particularly those that challenge postural stability and control, may measurably influence speech production. This experimental study investigated how increased postural stability demands affect adults' speech production during an interactive word-guessing game. A total of 118 adults (59 pairs) played a game of Taboo while standing either on a stable surface (the ground) or an unstable surface (a wobble board), with the latter increasing demands on postural stability. Participants alternated between the roles of clue-giver and guesser; analyses focused exclusively on speech produced by clue-givers, who were instructed to describe target words (e.g., coffee) while avoiding five conceptually related Taboo words (e.g., latte, drink, morning, beans, caffeine). Acoustic analyses revealed that when clue-givers described target words to guessers while standing on an unstable surface, they produced speech with higher fundamental frequency and higher amplitude envelope, compared to the stable surface. In contrast, analyses of fluency measures, which included speech rate, pause duration, pause frequency, and filler particle frequency, showed no notable differences between conditions. Perturbing postural stability thus affects the acoustics but not the fluency of speech production.
Whistle mimicking underwater acoustic communication with Nyquist constrained autoencoder learned whale waveforms.
An J, Park GH, Kim W … +2 more , Kim IS, Lee DH
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312851 · Publisher ↗
Biomimetic underwater acoustic communication is attractive for covert military operations because it disguises communication signals as marine-mammal whistles, but in modification-type whistle-mimicking schemes, concealm...
Biomimetic underwater acoustic communication is attractive for covert military operations because it disguises communication signals as marine-mammal whistles, but in modification-type whistle-mimicking schemes, concealment and communication reliability are tightly coupled and often trade off against each other. The proposed method addresses this problem by establishing a whale-whistle waveform-learning framework that extracts baseband pulses from real false killer whale whistles, learns Nyquist-constrained representative symbol waveforms through an autoencoder, and combines them with envelope-driven adaptive symbol durations to preserve whale-like waveform statistics while equalizing symbol energy. The proposed method is evaluated in terms of mimicry using Evaluation of Covertness of Sound Mimicking Marine Mammals (ECSM3) and higher-order cumulants, and in terms of communication performance using Bit Error Rate (BER) under Additive White Gaussian Noise, a simulated underwater channel, and 1.5 km sea trials against BOK, continuous varying carrier frequency modulation (CV-CFM), Hybrid Orthogonal Division Frequency Modulation (HODFM), and Variable Duartion Phase Shift Keying (V-DPSK) at matched data rates. The proposed method achieves the highest mean ECSM3 score with the smallest variation and the lowest BER among the same-rate schemes; in the 1.5 km sea trial at 250 bps, it attains a BER of 0.0245, which corresponds to about 72.8%, 79.4%, and 87.4% lower BER than V-DPSK, HODFM, and CV-CFM, respectively, demonstrating that learned whale-like pulses can simultaneously improve covertness and reliable underwater acoustic communication.
A digital-filter model for simulating sound absorption in the air.
Fraile R, Gómez-Alfageme JJ, Blanco-Martín E … +2 more , Gutiérrez-Arriola JM, Sáenz-Lechón N
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312850 · Publisher ↗
Absorption in air is often overlooked in acoustic propagation simulations, largely due to the lack of low-complexity, valid, and robust modelling techniques. This paper proposes modelling air absorption using a third-ord...
Absorption in air is often overlooked in acoustic propagation simulations, largely due to the lack of low-complexity, valid, and robust modelling techniques. This paper proposes modelling air absorption using a third-order digital filter whose coefficients are derived analytically from the propagation conditions (temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and propagation distance) and the sampling frequency. The proposed filters closely approximate the absorption model specified in the ISO 9613 standard [(1997). 9613-1, International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland]. Errors remain below 50% for 95% of the frequency spectrum between 20 Hz and 20 kHz for propagation distances of up to 25 m, across atmospheric conditions spanning temperatures from -20 °C to 50 °C, relative humidity from 0% to 100%, and pressures from 97 300 Pa to 104 700 Pa. Although accuracy decreases with increasing distance, similar levels are preserved for propagation distances of up to 100 m when the temperature is below 20 °C. The filters are minimum-phase, enabling not only low-cost simulation of air absorption but also stable inverse filtering to remove air-absorption effects from measured acoustic impulse responses.
An efficient algorithm to calculate the diffracted sound field by a sound-absorbing barrier on an impedance ground.
Yang L, Zhao S, Halkon B
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312849 · Publisher ↗
A theoretical model and its corresponding numerical method for calculating the sound field around a sound-absorbing barrier on a ground is proposed in this study. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is developed by combi...
A theoretical model and its corresponding numerical method for calculating the sound field around a sound-absorbing barrier on a ground is proposed in this study. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is developed by combining the proposed theoretical framework with the Fourier transform to efficiently solve the numerical solutions. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated by comparing outcomes with the classical MacDonald method and with COMSOL simulations, showing highly consistent results. The algorithm achieves a remarkable improvement in computational efficiency in comparison to both the direct numerical method and the COMSOL simulations. The proposed approach is used to perform a parametric study of sound-absorbing barriers, and the results show that increasing the barrier's height and sound-absorbing ability are both effective means to attenuate the sound pressure level beyond the barrier, although the former has a more pronounced effect. The proposed approach is an efficient tool to calculate the sound field around sound-absorbing noise barriers at low frequencies with accurate phase information, which is critical for some applications, such as active noise barriers.
Temporally stable bottom-interacting upslope sound propagation south of Malta.
Duda TF, Poulain PM, Falchetti S … +3 more , Pennucci G, Oddo P, Giorli G
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312848 · Publisher ↗
The influence of dynamical ocean features on seabed-interacting acoustic transmissions was investigated southeast of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. Waveforms at 610-890 Hz were transmitted to mimic impulse propagation o...
The influence of dynamical ocean features on seabed-interacting acoustic transmissions was investigated southeast of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. Waveforms at 610-890 Hz were transmitted to mimic impulse propagation over two fixed paths of 25 and 45 km length. Area conditions included topographically trapped diurnal waves, stochastic internal waves, a 60-m-thick surface mixed layer, and weak mesoscale flows. Many stable arrivals with transmission loss of 57 to 66 dB were observed on the short path. The matched-filter recovered impulse response showed a high degree of temporal coherence over the 5-d-long experiment. Travel times of tracked individual signal peaks showed root mean square variation of 3 ms. Much of this reported travel-time variability results from slowly fluctuating dominance between micromultipaths, rather than time variation of a single steady ray. Spectral analysis of the travel times provided weak evidence of a peak at the diurnal tidal frequency, with no reliable evidence of semidiurnal-band oscillations of arrival peak levels or times. Most rays interact with the seabed, and model simulations with different bottom attenuation coefficients support intuition that seabed properties determine a base-state transmission loss and impulse response in the area, only slightly modified by water column variations.
Prediction of parameters of a pinna model from synthetic geometries using a vision transformera).
Pausch F, Perfler F, Holighaus N … +1 more , Majdak P
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312847 · Publisher ↗
The acquisition of the human pinna geometry requires elaborate equipment for accurate results. Even then, the results are often corrupted by measurement artifacts. We introduce Mesh2PPM, a framework facilitating the gene...
The acquisition of the human pinna geometry requires elaborate equipment for accurate results. Even then, the results are often corrupted by measurement artifacts. We introduce Mesh2PPM, a framework facilitating the generation of a personalized and artifact-free pinna mesh. Mesh2PPM predicts the parameters of a parametric pinna model based on cubic Bézier curves (BezierPPM) from a pinna mesh via a vision transformer. We evaluated Mesh2PPM with multi-view renderings of synthetic pinna geometries, providing additional depth information, varying the grids of camera views, and jittering the camera views. While added depth information had no practically relevant effect, a grid with 3×3 camera views facilitated the lowest overall prediction errors and best counteracted the detrimental effects of jitter. For this grid, with and without jitter, the median Pompeiu-Hausdorff distances were 1.98 mm and 1.34 mm, respectively, and the root mean square distances were 0.92 mm and 0.52 mm. A refined analysis targeting the perceptually most important pinna regions for sound localization showed that multi-view information particularly improved the prediction of BezierPPM parameters describing the cavum-conchae region. The accuracy achieved indicates the suitability of Mesh2PPM to retrieve BezierPPM parameters from pinna meshes.
Solving room impulse response inverse problems using flow matching with analytic Wiener denoisera).
Lee KY, Meyer-Kahlen N, Schlecht SJ … +1 more , Välimäki V
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312846 · Publisher ↗
Room impulse response (RIR) estimation naturally arises as a class of inverse problems, including denoising and deconvolution. While recent approaches often rely on supervised learning or learned generative priors, such...
Room impulse response (RIR) estimation naturally arises as a class of inverse problems, including denoising and deconvolution. While recent approaches often rely on supervised learning or learned generative priors, such methods require large amounts of training data and may generalize poorly outside the training distribution. In this work, we present RIRFlow, a training-free Bayesian framework for RIR inverse problems using flow matching. We derive a flow-consistent analytic prior from the statistical structure of RIRs, eliminating the need for data-driven priors. Specifically, we model RIR as a Gaussian process with exponentially decaying variance, which yields a closed-form Wiener denoiser. This analytic denoiser is integrated as a prior in an existing flow-based inverse solver, where inverse problems are solved via guided posterior sampling. Furthermore, we extend the solver to nonlinear and non-Gaussian inverse problems via a local Gaussian approximation of the guided posterior, and empirically demonstrate that this approximation remains effective in practice. Experiments on real RIRs across different inverse problems demonstrate robust performance, highlighting the effectiveness of combining a classic RIR model with the recent flow-based generative inference.
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