The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Influences of stimulus and response calibrations on level maps of pulsed distortion-product otoacoustic emissions.
Kempa S, Graff P, Gummer AW … +2 more , Dalhoff E, Bader K
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312845 · Publisher ↗
Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are widely used to assess cochlear function, but their diagnostic value is limited by interference between DPOAE components, dependence on optimal stimulus levels, middle...
Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are widely used to assess cochlear function, but their diagnostic value is limited by interference between DPOAE components, dependence on optimal stimulus levels, middle-ear transmission, and variability due to ear-canal acoustics. Pulsed DPOAE level maps (LMs), which allow the derivation of estimated distortion-product thresholds (L2,EDPT), address some of these limitations. However, their reliability may still be compromised by standing-wave phenomena and calibration errors. In this study, we systematically compared four calibration methods-standard sound-pressure level (SPL), forward pressure level (FPL), integrated pressure level (IPL), and the combined methods of IPL and emitted pressure level (EPL), denoted as IPL+EPL-on LMs in eleven subjects across two sessions with intentionally varied probe insertion depths. Both FPL and IPL significantly reduced the intersession variability of LM-parameters compared with SPL, while IPL performed consistently better. The IPL+EPL calibration demonstrated additional benefits in reducing standing-wave effects on DPOAE and derived quantities. The analysis of three parameters describing the dependence of DPOAE on the two primary levels L2 and L1, confirmed that calibration-dependent changes in LM parameters could be interpreted as conduction loss (or gain) specifically for the frequencies f1, f2, and fDP. Advanced calibration methods, particularly IPL, substantially improve the reliability of LMs and enhance their potential for clinical audiometric applications.
Waterfall infrasound.
Anderson JF, Ortiz HD, Barber JR
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312844 · Publisher ↗
Waterfalls are long-lasting sources of continuous infrasound with relevance to multiple acoustic fields. This paper presents infrasonic observations of 11 waterfalls spanning wide ranges of hydraulic power, discharge, an...
Waterfalls are long-lasting sources of continuous infrasound with relevance to multiple acoustic fields. This paper presents infrasonic observations of 11 waterfalls spanning wide ranges of hydraulic power, discharge, and height. The waterfall recordings had similar spectral shapes, including an abrupt rise from low-frequency background noise, a mid-frequency plateau with small broad peaks, and high-frequency power-law decay. Parameters of waterfall infrasound signals depend on waterfall characteristics; in particular, infrasound power is proportional to waterfall hydraulic power, with an acoustic efficiency of approximately 10-6, and infrasound median frequency approximately relates to height and discharge via negative-slope power laws. Using Niagara Falls as an example, this paper evaluates a simple spherical spreading model for predicting infrasound power over a waterfall's surrounding region and finds that infrasound remains strong out to at least 10 km. Finally, the paper models waterfall audibility to pigeons as an example of an animal whose infrasound perception is good and well-studied and predicts that pigeons may hear waterfalls hundreds to thousands of meters away, depending on hydraulic power via another power law. The simple relationships between these infrasound characteristics and commonly available height and discharge measurements enables remote discharge monitoring by hydrologists and predictions of infrasound spatial extent for studying its ecological effects.
A computational model of the mammalian auditory periphery with a closed-loop medial olivocochlear reflex simulating across-channel efferent gain control.
Guest DR, Farhadi A, Carney LH
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312843 · Publisher ↗
The afferent (ascending) auditory system and how its specialized mechanisms and circuits support ecologically relevant auditory computations such as speech recognition have received considerable attention in decades past...
The afferent (ascending) auditory system and how its specialized mechanisms and circuits support ecologically relevant auditory computations such as speech recognition have received considerable attention in decades past. This work has culminated in accurate computational models of early afferent coding alongside a good understanding of how low-level mechanisms (e.g., peripheral tuning) impact auditory perception. In contrast, the auditory efferent (descending) system and its role in auditory perception are much less well understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we describe modifications to a model of the auditory periphery to include the medial olivocochlear efferent reflex pathway. Neurons in this pathway respond to sound and make descending projections to outer hair cells that reduce cochlear gain in a reflex-like loop. Our model of this system differs from existing models primarily in its multichannel design, which is intended to simulate the consequences of tonotopically distributed control of outer hair cells by individual medial olivocochlear neurons. We show that this model can simulate the frequency-specific sensitivity and strength of the effects of contralateral elicitors on auditory-nerve responses, including especially the effect of elicitors that are tonotopically distant from probes.
Perceptual organization of Mandarin consonants in cochlear implant users.
Zhou H, Bei X, Guo Z … +5 more , Zeng X, Wei C, Zheng N, Li J, Meng Q
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42307486 · Publisher ↗
This study provides a systematic characterization of Mandarin consonant perception in adult cochlear implant (CI) users and benchmarks the resulting perceptual organization against a condition-matched hearing-aid (HA) da...
This study provides a systematic characterization of Mandarin consonant perception in adult cochlear implant (CI) users and benchmarks the resulting perceptual organization against a condition-matched hearing-aid (HA) dataset and a previously reported normal-hearing (NH) reference. Thirty-five Mandarin-speaking CI listeners completed a 21-alternative closed-set identification task using 21 /C(i)ā/ syllables presented in quiet. Data were analyzed using accuracy, hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling, and feature-based information transmission. CI listeners achieved moderate overall accuracy (68%), with the greatest difficulty for aspirated stops (notably p and t) and several high-frequency sibilants. Furthermore, confusion analyses revealed a structured but compressed perceptual organization under device-mediated hearing. Both CI and HA data were well described by a two-dimensional perceptual space (NH required at least three), anchored by robust contrasts of sonorancy and aspiration, with other distinctions (including place, manner, and sibilance) collapsed into a narrow band of partial separability. Within this shared compression, CI and HA diverged in the perceptual organization supported by residual cues: HA showed stronger sonorant and aspiration-aligned organization, whereas CI showed a relatively clearer broad obstruent-manner organization. Together, these findings provide new insight into how device-mediated hearing restructures the perceptual organization of Mandarin consonants beyond overall accuracy.
Statistical wave field theory: Anisotropic wave fields under Robin's boundary condition.
Badeau R
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42307485 · Publisher ↗
The statistical wave field theory mathematically establishes the statistical laws of the solutions to the wave equation in a bounded domain. It provides the closed-form expressions of the power distribution and the corre...
The statistical wave field theory mathematically establishes the statistical laws of the solutions to the wave equation in a bounded domain. It provides the closed-form expressions of the power distribution and the correlations of the wave field jointly over time, frequency, and space, which hold at high frequency and after many reflections, in terms of the geometry and the specific admittance of the boundary surface. This theory was originally developed in the particular case of mixing rooms, which are characterized by a diffuse wave field, based on the theory of dynamical billiards and on Weyl-like asymptotic laws. Then it was extended to the finite family of special polyhedra, where the wave field is anisotropic, based on a simpler geometric approach related to mathematical crystallography. In this paper, we develop a unified version of the theory dedicated to semi-mixing billiards. In the case of Robin's boundary condition, we show that such wave fields are characterized by a directional reverberation time that is independent of the receiver's position but depends on its orientation, and we provide its closed-form expression, which improves and generalizes Eyring's formula of the reverberation time in ergodic rooms.
Erratum: Combination of time series forecasting models with a microscopic and stochastic approach to predict road traffic noise [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 159(3), 2754-2778 (2026)].
Mascolo A, Rossi D, Guarnaccia C
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42300795 · Publisher ↗
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Introduction to the Special Issue on climate change: How the sound of the planet reflects the health of the planet.
Ballard MS, Walsh EJ, Freeman LA … +2 more , Blumstein DT, Lin YT
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42300794 · Publisher ↗
Climate change is altering environmental conditions that govern acoustic propagation across oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial systems, while also creating new opportunities for acoustic sensing of these changes. This...
Climate change is altering environmental conditions that govern acoustic propagation across oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial systems, while also creating new opportunities for acoustic sensing of these changes. This joint Special Issue of the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America and JASA Express Letters highlights recent advances at the intersection of acoustics and climate science, including studies of ocean acoustic tomography, marine and terrestrial soundscapes, coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs and seagrass meadows, and the impacts of anthropogenic noise. Together, these contributions demonstrate how acoustic methods can provide unique insights into environmental variability, ecosystem response, and long-term climate processes across a range of spatial and temporal scales.
Passive source localization with a horizontal line array in the shadow zone of the deep water.
Qi Y, Liu C, Chen S … +3 more , Zhou S, Zhang H, Zhang P
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42300793 · Publisher ↗
Passive source localization remains a prominent research focus in underwater acoustics. Although extensive studies in deep water have emphasized localization using vertical line arrays, far less attention has been direct...
Passive source localization remains a prominent research focus in underwater acoustics. Although extensive studies in deep water have emphasized localization using vertical line arrays, far less attention has been directed toward utilizing horizontal line arrays (HLAs) for estimating source range and depth, despite their widespread deployment in deep-water operations. This paper presents a broadband source localization method employing an HLA in the shadow zone of deep water. The proposed approach estimates source range and depth by matching six measured time delays among four dominant multipath arrivals against a precomputed replica library of modeled time delays generated across a grid of hypothesized source ranges and depths. The time delays are extracted from the beamformed acoustic intensity steered toward the estimated source direction. Method effectiveness is validated through both numerical simulations and experimental data acquired during an experiment in the South China Sea, involving a suspended broadband source and a towed HLA. In comparison with the matched-interference-structure method, the proposed technique significantly reduces computational complexity while demonstrating enhanced robustness against environmental mismatches such as sound speed profile and water depth uncertainties.
Estimating shear wave speeds and shear viscosities with a viscoelastic time-domain method.
Bannon NA, Urban MW, McGough RJ
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42300792 · Publisher ↗
Shear wave elastography generates shear waves with an acoustic radiation force to obtain estimates of the shear wave speed. Shear wave elastography often utilizes time-of-flight calculations that apply cross-correlations...
Shear wave elastography generates shear waves with an acoustic radiation force to obtain estimates of the shear wave speed. Shear wave elastography often utilizes time-of-flight calculations that apply cross-correlations or time-to-peak methods to obtain estimates of the shear wave speed in the time-domain. However, these time-domain methods fail to consider the effect of dispersion caused by the shear viscosity, which can introduce substantial errors into estimates of the shear wave speed. To solve this problem, a new viscoelastic method for estimating shear wave parameters in the time-domain is introduced. The performance of the new method, which is applied to shear wave particle velocity waveforms, is established by evaluating a simulated three-dimensional viscoelastic Green's function model for shear waves in the time-domain. Results show that the new viscoelastic time-domain method is applicable to locations outside of the push beam region at the focal depth and throughout a two-dimensional plane. The results also indicate that estimates of the shear wave speed are either comparable to or significantly improved relative to values obtained from cross-correlations while simultaneously providing estimates of the shear viscosity in the time-domain.
Laboratory study of ultrasonic pulse reflection from freshwater ice.
Kovaldov D, Titchenko Y, Karaev V … +5 more , Meshkov E, Vichare A, Likhomanov V, Chernov A, Wang X
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42300791 · Publisher ↗
This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of ultrasonic pulse reflection from freshwater ice during a complete freeze-thaw cycle of the ice cover. Measurements were conducted in a small ice tank at the Arctic...
This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of ultrasonic pulse reflection from freshwater ice during a complete freeze-thaw cycle of the ice cover. Measurements were conducted in a small ice tank at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. The maximum ice thickness was 57 cm, and the freeze-thaw cycle lasted 90 days. A sonar with a carrier frequency of 200 kHz operated continuously at the bottom. The transceiver antenna was oriented vertically upward toward the water surface. The underwater sonar measured and stored the reflected pulses throughout the experiment. Analysis of the reflected pulse data made it possible to study ice thickness dynamics and to obtain estimates of the average speed of sound in ice and the sound attenuation coefficient in ice over the entire measurement period. A simple empirical model for the shape of an acoustic pulse reflected from a freshwater ice cover is proposed. In this model, the reflected signal is represented as the sum of reflections from the undisturbed water surface, shifted by the travel time of the acoustic wave in the ice, with the reflection from the upper boundary of the ice cover additionally multiplied by the sound attenuation coefficient in ice.
Sound energy flow-based active noise control for tonal sound fields in shallow-water acoustic channels.
Xiao Y, Liu J, Shang D
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42300790 · Publisher ↗
Low-frequency tonal noise in shallow-water channels exhibits strong energy concentration and weak propagation attenuation, which limits the effectiveness of conventional pressure-based active noise control methods. In th...
Low-frequency tonal noise in shallow-water channels exhibits strong energy concentration and weak propagation attenuation, which limits the effectiveness of conventional pressure-based active noise control methods. In this study, an acoustic-intensity-based multichannel adaptive active control approach is extended and adapted for shallow-water environments. An offline secondary-path estimation scheme is employed to optimize the spatial configuration of sensors and secondary sources, and a self-developed acoustic-intensity sensing unit is used to acquire sound field information. The secondary sound field is adaptively regulated to destructively interfere with the primary field under shallow-water waveguide conditions. Numerical simulations and sea trials conducted in the shallow-water environment of the Yellow Sea demonstrate effective noise reduction in the 20-200 Hz band, with a maximum far-field attenuation of 20 dB. Compared with conventional pressure-based control, the proposed implementation exhibits a wider effective control region and improved stability within the investigated frequency range. The results indicate that acoustic-intensity-based adaptive control is a practical and effective solution for low-frequency noise mitigation of underwater vehicles operating in shallow water.
Acoustic individual identification in a species of field cricket using deep learning.
Kabuga E, Nandi D, Burrell S … +4 more , Dlamini G, Balakrishnan R, Bah B, Durbach I
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42294872 · Publisher ↗
Individual animal identification is essential for wildlife conservation and management, aiding in estimating abundance and related parameters. The feasibility of identifying individual field crickets (Plebeiogryllus gutt...
Individual animal identification is essential for wildlife conservation and management, aiding in estimating abundance and related parameters. The feasibility of identifying individual field crickets (Plebeiogryllus guttiventris) from their calls using deep learning is assessed. In a closed population, the best models recognized individuals with up to 99.9% accuracy when trained and tested on calls from the same night, and 65.1% accuracy when tested on calls from nights not used in training. When matching call pairs without knowing all individuals in the population, models identified pairs of calls from the same night with 97.4% accuracy, falling to 87.8% if calls were from different nights. Accuracy remained high when tested on individuals not observed during training (within night, 95.0%; across nights, 82.7%). Pooling training data from multiple nights improved test accuracy for all models. Deep learning outperformed random forests, especially on harder tasks, although both were able to discriminate individuals. Higher temperatures were associated with shorter chirps and higher frequencies, but adjusting spectrograms for these traits did not improve performance. These results provide the demonstration of acoustic individual identification (AIID), using wild recordings of an insect species, and highlight the potential of deep learning-based AIID for noninvasive animal population monitoring.
Ray-acoustic modeling of reflection at terminations of open-ended circular ducts: Validation against Wiener-Hopf method.
Jing X, Du Z
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42294871 · Publisher ↗
It is of great engineering importance to characterize acoustic sources that turbomachines induce. This determination requires detailed information regarding the acoustic field within the duct, which is generally of a lim...
It is of great engineering importance to characterize acoustic sources that turbomachines induce. This determination requires detailed information regarding the acoustic field within the duct, which is generally of a limited length. In this paper, a ray method is developed for semi-infinite circular ducts by utilizing the concept of the non-isotropic ring source to elucidate the formation of the acoustic field within such ducts. Our work establishes a rigorous asymptotic equivalence between the ray and Wiener-Hopf methods for large Helmholtz numbers, a comparison that has not been explicitly addressed in prior duct acoustics studies. The effective frequency range of the ray solution is determined by comparison with the Wiener-Hopf solution. Furthermore, a reciprocity relation for the reflected field is derived in the form of a ray series, providing an independent validation of the presented solution.
Ensemble learning for predicting the damped response of granular materials and interpretation through feature importance analysis.
Badri Y, Dodd G, Cater JE … +1 more , Hall A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42294870 · Publisher ↗
This study explores the application of ensemble learning, decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost, to predict the damping response of irregular granular materials using a data-driven approach. Training and testing data...
This study explores the application of ensemble learning, decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost, to predict the damping response of irregular granular materials using a data-driven approach. Training and testing data were measured using an acrylic beam excited with a low-amplitude sinusoidal sweep waveform (root mean square <1 N). Six granular materials, featuring both spherical and irregular particle shapes and varying mechanical properties, were selected as infill for the beam cavity. The main aim was to map between six input features: force, filling ratio, granular materials properties, and two targeted outputs: reduction of the beam's first resonance peak and root mean square acceleration. Feature importance analysis was conducted for each model developed to assess the dependence of the target values on the input features. It is concluded that ensemble models can offer accurate estimates (R2 ≥ 90%) with the XGBoost model incorporating all input features in the estimation. An attempt to estimate the damped response of hard-soft granular mixtures using empirically determined mixture-equivalent properties gave good estimates that differ from simple mass/volume-fraction averaging, with performance varying by filling ratio and excitation amplitude.
Ultrasound structure function for quantitative assessment of steatotic liver disease based on total severity score.
Wallig MA, Kabir MR, Han A … +3 more , Park Y, Andre MP, O'Brien WD
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42284424 · Publisher ↗
Quantitative ultrasound parameters offer effective tools to evaluate microstructural changes in liver tissue and noninvasively assess tissue health. We examined the relationship between steatotic liver disease severity,...
Quantitative ultrasound parameters offer effective tools to evaluate microstructural changes in liver tissue and noninvasively assess tissue health. We examined the relationship between steatotic liver disease severity, measured by the Total Severity Score (TSS), and the structure function (SF), a frequency-dependent ultrasound backscatter metric. TSS was calculated on a 0-14 scale from histological evaluation by a pathologist of fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis in hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver slides. A total of 274 regions of interest (ROIs) were examined from histopathology liver specimens acquired from 49 human subjects. SF was calculated for every ROI over a spatial frequency range of 3-80 MHz using histology-determined cell nuclei positions. Results revealed a strong relationship between SF and TSS across all analyzed ROIs, and distinct frequency-dependent patterns emerged across TSS groups. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between TSS 0 and TSS 1-3 for the frequency range of 4.5 to 9.0 MHz, and between TSS 1-3 and TSS 4-6 for the frequency ranges of 3.0 to 9.0 MHz and 32.5 to 80.0 MHz. TSS groups 4-6 and 7-14 did not differ significantly, indicating a possible plateau in ultrasound response at later disease stages. These findings help lay the foundation for establishing SF as a potential ultrasonic biomarker for identifying and distinguishing steatotic liver disease stages in vivo.
Effects of symmetric building heights along streets on the sound environment of pedestrian spaces.
Ma J, Lu X, Xie Z … +5 more , Zhu P, Zhang W, Zou Y, Tao W, Liu Y
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42283513 · Publisher ↗
Pedestrian spaces along streets are important public activity areas, yet existing studies have rarely examined the influence of building height symmetry on both sides of the street on the acoustic environment. This study...
Pedestrian spaces along streets are important public activity areas, yet existing studies have rarely examined the influence of building height symmetry on both sides of the street on the acoustic environment. This study selected a typical street and established six scenario models with different degrees of symmetry based on field measurements and validated through odeon simulations. The variation of reverberation time (T30) was then analyzed, and under three scenarios with the most significant differences, speech signals were convolved with traffic noise to conduct subjective evaluations of speech intelligibility. The results indicate the following: (1) The greater the asymmetry between buildings on both sides, the lower the T30; in the completely asymmetric scenario, T30 is only 15.1% of that in the symmetric scenario. (2) The more symmetrical the buildings, the lower the subjective evaluation scores of speech intelligibility, indicating that changes in symmetry affect human communication. (3) The T30 on the side with taller buildings is consistently lower than that on the lower side, by a just noticeable difference value of approximately 7, indicating that differences between the two sides can be clearly perceived. This study provides a reference for the acoustic design of pedestrian spaces.
Validating automated speech timing methods in clinical and healthy speakers across sentence, paragraph, and monologue tasks.
Arzbecker LJ, Tjaden K
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42268776 · Publisher ↗
Automated measurement of speaking and articulation rates holds promise as a scalable alternative to manual analysis in clinical populations. This study evaluated a Praat-based script that estimates global speech timing b...
Automated measurement of speaking and articulation rates holds promise as a scalable alternative to manual analysis in clinical populations. This study evaluated a Praat-based script that estimates global speech timing by detecting syllable nuclei via amplitude dips. Speaking rate (syllables/total duration) and articulation rate (syllables/speaking time) were measured manually and with an automated script across speakers with multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and healthy controls. Sixty participants (20 per group) completed sentence, paragraph, and monologue tasks (N = 180 recordings). Default script parameters were compared to an optimized version with manually tuned dip thresholds. Analyses included error metrics, linear mixed-effects models, and generalizability analysis. Automated speaking rate measures showed strong correlations with manual measures across all groups and tasks (r = 0.623-0.998). However, default automated estimates underestimated both speaking and articulation rates, especially in clinical speakers and for the monologue task. Articulation rate was more sensitive to the measurement method, which accounted for nearly half of the total variance. Optimization of the Praat script parameters reduced proportional error by ∼60%, with varying effects across groups. Findings suggest that optimized automated methods can improve measurement accuracy, but population- and task-specific challenges persist, especially for articulation rate in MS and PD speakers.
A biologically inspired system differentiates plants by classifying binaural audio-frequency echo sequences with error detection and resilience.
Kuc RB
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42268688 · Publisher ↗
A biologically inspired system (BIS) classifies binaural audio-frequency echo sequences to recognize two plants that differ mainly in leaf size. The hierarchical BIS system is implemented with two stages. Stage 1 classif...
A biologically inspired system (BIS) classifies binaural audio-frequency echo sequences to recognize two plants that differ mainly in leaf size. The hierarchical BIS system is implemented with two stages. Stage 1 classifies binaural echo spectra with a pair of ear-specific trained single-layer perceptrons. Stage 2 compensates for limited classification accuracy by detecting binaural classification errors and accumulating classification votes by forming a random walk with drift that approaches one of two absorbing boundaries to differentiate the plants. The random walk provides error resilience because a few classification errors are not catastrophic but only increase the sequence length to reach an absorbing boundary. Plant differentiation occurs when the random walk reaches one of two absorbing boundaries within a specified sequence length limit, otherwise plant recognition fails, and the BIS initiates a new plant probe. Two stage 2 approaches are compared. Approach 1 determines binaural echo classification errors before generating a single random walk. Approach 2 generates a random walk for each ear before determining binaural classification consistency. Approach 1 gives more accurate target recognition by generating a random walk having a greater drift to differentiate plants with no errors, 4% failures, and an average of ten views.
Comparative analysis of acoustic absorption performance in micro-perforated panels with multi-shaped perforations: Theory, simulation, and experimental validation.
Guo H, Zhang Y, He Y … +2 more , Yuan P, Wang G
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42262229 · Publisher ↗
This paper presents a comparison of the acoustic absorption performance of micro-perforated panel with different perforation shapes. The acoustic impedance models of different perforation shapes (circular, triangular, an...
This paper presents a comparison of the acoustic absorption performance of micro-perforated panel with different perforation shapes. The acoustic impedance models of different perforation shapes (circular, triangular, and square cross section and variable cross section tapered micro perforations) are established, and the end correction of acoustic impedance for different micro perforation shapes are optimized. Based on the acoustic electric analogy method, the coupled model of flexible micro-perforated panel absorber considering the vibration of the substrate panel is established, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method is employed to obtain the panel's natural frequencies, while the Spectro-Geometric Method is used to construct the panel's displacement function. The acoustic impedance formula for flexible micro-perforated panel is derived by the modal superposition principle. The semi-analytical results are verified against finite element method results, confirming the accuracy of the semi-analytical model. In addition, the effects of structural parameters (perforation shapes, microporous length, cross-sectional area, perforation ratio and back cavity depth) and boundary conditions on the acoustic absorption coefficients are analyzed and summarized. Finally, an impedance tube test system is designed to measure the sound absorption coefficient of different hole shapes. The experimental results aligned well with the semi-analytical model, proving the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Conditional vector quantized variational autoencoders for machine sound anomaly detection under domain shift.
Chen S, Pang B, Ding J … +3 more , Zhu X, Sun Y, Liu M
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42262228 · Publisher ↗
In industrial production, monitoring abnormal machine sounds is crucial for early fault detection, reducing accidents, and improving efficiency. However, domain shift-caused by variations in operating states and environm...
In industrial production, monitoring abnormal machine sounds is crucial for early fault detection, reducing accidents, and improving efficiency. However, domain shift-caused by variations in operating states and environments-poses significant challenges to model generalization. To address this, this paper proposes an unsupervised anomaly detection method that integrates a Vector Quantized Conditional Variational Autoencoder (VQ-CVAE) with the autoregressive model PixelSNAIL. A lightweight audio-text contrastive pre-trained model extracts textual features describing equipment physical attributes (e.g., type, parameters, operating time) and employs them as conditional inputs to the VQ-CVAE, thereby constructing fused audio-text multimodal representations. Anomaly scoring is jointly performed in time-frequency and latent spaces. In the time-frequency space, the VQ-CVAE codebook mitigates excessive feature shifts, while an attention- and gate-enhanced residual module strengthens feature extraction and noise robustness. In the latent space, PixelSNAIL predicts the discrete code matrix produced by the VQ-VAE, and the prediction loss is used to further refine anomaly detection results. Experiments on the DCASE2024 Task 2 dataset demonstrate superior performance across multiple machine types, confirming the method's effectiveness and robustness for machine sound anomaly detection in complex industrial scenarios.
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