The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Learning the relationship between operating condition and flame response from acoustic dataa).
Yoko M, Lahiri C, Fischer A … +1 more , Juniper MP
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42257583 · Publisher ↗
Predicting how the thermoacoustic response of a combustor changes across operating conditions is a long-standing challenge because small uncertainties in the flame response lead to large uncertainties in the thermoacoust...
Predicting how the thermoacoustic response of a combustor changes across operating conditions is a long-standing challenge because small uncertainties in the flame response lead to large uncertainties in the thermoacoustic response. In this paper, we address this challenge for the Rolls-Royce SCARLET test rig using a combination of Bayesian inference, Gaussian process regression, and information-theoretic experiment design. Starting from a physics-based acoustic network model whose flame parameters are inferred at several operating conditions using Bayesian inference (described in a companion paper), we use Gaussian process regression in Part A to learn how the five parameters of a flame model vary with six operating condition parameters. The resulting Gaussian process model predicts the flame response at unseen conditions with quantified uncertainty, and, when coupled into the acoustic network, produces operating maps of the full thermoacoustic response. In Part B, we use metrics from information theory to identify the small number of forcing frequencies that are most informative about the flame parameters. For the SCARLET rig, three optimally chosen frequencies recover the flame transfer function to the same fidelity as the full dataset of around 20 frequencies forced from both upstream and downstream, reducing the data required by up to 90%.
Quantifying the effect of forest edge on tropical fauna using explainable ecoacoustics metricsa).
Bouché A, Jourdan H, Takerkart S … +3 more , de Méringo H, Thoret E, Gasc A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42257582 · Publisher ↗
Tropical forests are biodiversity reservoirs but are increasingly fragmented by human activity, creating forest edges that alter microclimates and ecological dynamics. Understanding of edge effects is largely based on ve...
Tropical forests are biodiversity reservoirs but are increasingly fragmented by human activity, creating forest edges that alter microclimates and ecological dynamics. Understanding of edge effects is largely based on vegetation studies but still lacks faunal characterization. Here, passive acoustic monitoring was conducted in New Caledonian forests to monitor faunal communities and to examine whether and how the distance from the forest edge structures the soundscape. Recordings were collected at 30 sites located 10 to 300 meters from the edge, and 59 ecoacoustic indices were calculated. Representational similarity analysis with explainable feature-perturbation methods was used to assess relationships between acoustic patterns and edge distance. A low but significant relationship between distance to the edge and acoustic structure was observed at night between 22:00 and 04:00. Six key indices were identified as most influential. Based on these indices, nighttime soundscapes clustered into two groups: near-edge sites (from 10 to 40 m) and interior sites (from 100 to 300 m) were identified. This threshold aligns with previously observed vegetation edge effects fading around 100 meters. Overall, the findings indicate that forest soundscapes can reflect edge effects on faunal activity and highlight the value of explainable, data-driven approaches in ecoacoustic research and biodiversity conservation.
In-situ inference of the thermoacoustic properties of an industrial combustion systema).
Yoko M, Lahiri C, Fischer A … +1 more , Juniper MP
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42257581 · Publisher ↗
A Bayesian framework is proposed for building and calibrating physics-based models of industrial thermoacoustic systems, using the Rolls-Royce SCARLET test rig as a case study. Several candidate models are constructed, a...
A Bayesian framework is proposed for building and calibrating physics-based models of industrial thermoacoustic systems, using the Rolls-Royce SCARLET test rig as a case study. Several candidate models are constructed, and their uncertain parameters are inferred directly from experimental data. Bayesian model comparison is then used to identify the most probable candidate model, balancing data fit and model complexity. The selected physics-based model reproduces both non-reacting and reacting measurements with high precision. This model is then used to confirm the findings of recent work, which demonstrates an inconsistency in a commonly used method for measuring the flame response in complex combustion chambers. This paper goes further to provide an improved method for identifying the flame response from data. Moreover, because this process learns the parameters of a flame model rather than just processing the experimental data, the model can interpolate and extrapolate, and provide deeper insight into the underlying physics.
Effects of hearing loss and hearing aids on environmental sound ratings in the lab and real worlda).
Jorgensen E, Modahl L, Noll A … +1 more , Grove A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42257580 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated how hearing loss and hearing aid use affect environmental sound ratings in laboratory and real-world contexts using the soundscape framework. Forty-four participants (17 normal hearing, 14 with un...
This study investigated how hearing loss and hearing aid use affect environmental sound ratings in laboratory and real-world contexts using the soundscape framework. Forty-four participants (17 normal hearing, 14 with unaided hearing loss, and 13 hearing aid users) rated environmental sounds from four categories (nature, animal, human, machine) on pleasantness and eventfulness dimensions in the laboratory and in daily life via ecological momentary assessment. Sound category was a primary determinant of ratings in both contexts, with nature and animal sounds rated most pleasant across groups. Hearing loss selectively elevated eventfulness ratings for nature and animal sounds but did not alter the overall category hierarchy. Hearing aids produced no consistent effects on ratings. Phase scrambling reduced eventfulness for normal-hearing listeners but not for listeners with hearing loss, suggesting differential reliance on temporal fine structure for eventfulness across groups. Pleasantness ratings were higher in the real world than in the laboratory, particularly for human and animal sounds, and showed moderate lab-to-real-world correspondence. Eventfulness showed little correspondence across contexts. These findings suggest that the basic structure of soundscape experience is resilient to hearing loss, and that pleasantness and eventfulness capture distinct aspects of environmental sound perception differentially affected by hearing loss and context.
Erratum: Numerical investigation of the noise generation of electric motors in urban air mobility vehicles [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 158(4), 2647-2658 (2025)].
Hakansson S, Schulze P, Burgmayer R … +2 more , Schneehagen EW, Geyer TF
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246885 · Publisher ↗
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Elastodynamic equations and wave propagation for multiscale wave-induced fluid flow in partially saturated media from energy conservation.
Liu L, Zhang X, Wang X … +2 more , Qi Y, Shi Z
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246884 · Publisher ↗
The elastodynamic equations in multiphase porous media are fundamental to understanding acoustic wave propagation in subsurface environments. This paper presents a formulation of the dynamic equations of motion for parti...
The elastodynamic equations in multiphase porous media are fundamental to understanding acoustic wave propagation in subsurface environments. This paper presents a formulation of the dynamic equations of motion for partially saturated porous media derived directly from the principle of energy conservation. The model incorporates three distinct scales of wave-induced fluid flow-macroscopic, mesoscopic, and squirt flow-through explicit kinetic, potential, and dissipation energy density functions. Based on the derived equations, the paper analyzes the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of wave propagation under multiscale effects and examine the influence of key parameters. Numerical results reveal that mesoscopic flow introduces an additional dispersion band and attenuation peak for the P1 wave in the low-frequency range (seismic band), while squirt flow produces similar effects at high frequencies (ultrasonic band). The S1 wave exhibits a dispersion transition and attenuation peak only due to squirt flow at high frequencies. The slow waves (P2 and P3) show minimal attenuation at high frequencies and remain largely unaffected by squirt flow. The model predictions are validated against experimental data from partially saturated Berea sandstone, demonstrating good quantitative agreement. This energy-conservation-based framework provides a unified, physically grounded approach for modeling multiscale wave-induced fluid flow in partially saturated porous media.
An accelerated coupled normal-mode model based on physics-informed neural networksa).
Chen J, Wang H, Xia H … +1 more , Liu J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246883 · Publisher ↗
The coupled normal-mode model is a fundamental tool for simulating underwater sound propagation in range-dependent environments, but its cost is high because the modal Sturm-Liouville problem must be solved repeatedly fo...
The coupled normal-mode model is a fundamental tool for simulating underwater sound propagation in range-dependent environments, but its cost is high because the modal Sturm-Liouville problem must be solved repeatedly for every segment. This paper proposes an accelerated coupled normal-mode model based on physics-informed neural networks. Empirical orthogonal function analysis compresses the input sound-speed profiles, and a dual-branch physics-informed neural network predicts the horizontal wavenumbers and modal depth functions. The training loss combines a data-driven term with physics constraints from the modal equation and boundary conditions. On the 2015 Shallow Water Sound Fluctuation experiment dataset, the surrogate reaches a mode-averaged relative error of 1.52 × 10-3% for the wavenumbers and 6.7% for the depth functions, one orders of magnitude smaller than first-order modal perturbation theory, and cuts the online modal-solving time by 85% relative to a finite difference solver. The reconstructed field is evaluated against KRAKENC for idealized internal solitary wave environments, measured 2015 Shallow Water Sound Fluctuation experiment sound-speed sections, and piecewise-linear sloping bathymetry. Transmission loss errors stay within 3 dB and the complex pressure normalized mean squared error remains on the order of 10-5, with comparable accuracy in the measured and sloping environments. The framework offers practical accuracy and computational efficiency for shallow water environments with combined sound-speed and bathymetric range dependence.
Evaluation of geophysical and anthropogenic sources of hydroacoustic noise in the Alaskan arctic.
Niklasson S, Rowe C, Bilek S … +2 more , Veneziani M, Roberts A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246882 · Publisher ↗
Quantifying the ocean soundscape is crucial for ocean-based seismoacoustic monitoring; it sets a baseline for the kinds and sizes of signals that can be detected above the background noise. As sea ice recedes, human acti...
Quantifying the ocean soundscape is crucial for ocean-based seismoacoustic monitoring; it sets a baseline for the kinds and sizes of signals that can be detected above the background noise. As sea ice recedes, human activity in and around the Arctic Ocean is increasing, elevating sound levels and heightening the urgency of monitoring. Here, seven years of passive acoustic recordings from a National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration hydrophone in the Beaufort Sea are analyzed, focusing on frequencies between 1 and 125 Hz, a band of interest for detecting regional earthquakes and similar events. Sound is related to geophysical and anthropogenic sources, and seasonal and intraseasonal variations in the soundscape are examined. Sea ice emerges as a keystone feature of the Arctic Ocean acoustic environment, controlling or contributing to ambient sound levels at all frequencies studied. During low-ice months, sound levels are dominated by wind and sea surface waves, and in ice-covered months, wind-driven ice noise dominates. Seismic air gun surveys are prominent during low-ice periods, with sound levels decreasing with increasing distance and bathymetric complexity along the propagation path. The implications of this baseline soundscape for event detection in the Alaskan Arctic are discussed.
A finite solid impedance matching mechanism with large bandwidth for acoustic transmission between water and air.
Bakhtiary Yekta H, Norris AN
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246881 · Publisher ↗
A purely solid impedance matching mechanism of finite length is shown to produce broadband acoustic transmission between air and water. The two-dimensional "flex-layer" device comprises three plates separated by ribs ali...
A purely solid impedance matching mechanism of finite length is shown to produce broadband acoustic transmission between air and water. The two-dimensional "flex-layer" device comprises three plates separated by ribs aligned in the third dimension. A similar structure was investigated in previous papers under the assumption of an infinite periodic system, which left the physical length of the structure unclear for practical implementation. Here, we examine the finite size of the structure and demonstrate that beyond a certain number of ribs, the transmissivity does not change significantly. A combination of numerical analysis and finite element simulations (finite element analysis) demonstrates that as the number of ribs increases, the performance of the finite structure approaches the infinite case. This convergence confirms earlier findings and emphasizes the importance of the number of ribs in enhancing transmission performance. Radiation patterns of the transmitted pressure field are studied across a range of excitation frequencies, incident angles, and structural parameters. The study also examines the roles of boundary conditions and material damping. Although the analytical model assumes pinned-pinned boundaries, we show that for suitably long plates, the effect of switching to fixed-fixed boundaries is negligible. Numerical results show that the energy transmission performance decreases slightly when the material loss factor is included.
Toward harmonizing ultrasound-based cortical bone characterization: A comparison of attenuation measurement techniques.
McCandless BA, Raum K, Muller M
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246880 · Publisher ↗
Ultrasonic attenuation is used to evaluate the microstructure of bone. However, the field currently lacks a standardized, universally accepted method for performing these measurements in vivo, leading to a proliferation...
Ultrasonic attenuation is used to evaluate the microstructure of bone. However, the field currently lacks a standardized, universally accepted method for performing these measurements in vivo, leading to a proliferation of approaches, each with its own experimental protocols and inherent limitations. This methodological diversity presents a significant challenge in extracting quantitative information about the microstructural characteristics of bone. Preliminary evidence suggests that significant discrepancies exist between different attenuation measurement techniques. In this study, a range of in silico bone maps is employed, where porosities range from 3% to 5% area fraction, and pore diameters range from 30 to 100 μm. Absorption by the solid matrix is also varied from 0 to 4.2 dB/mm. In these numerical bone samples, four attenuation measurement techniques are compared: plane wave through-transmission, pulse-echo, the independent scattering approximation (ISA) method, and the cortical backscatter (CortBS) method. It is demonstrated that the effectiveness of these methods depends critically on the underlying physical mechanisms occurring during wave propagation in the material. For instance, the ISA method neglects the complex influence of absorption and assumes low porosity, and the CortBS method relies on backscattering from pores or other inhomogeneities, suggesting that the accuracy of these methods could depend on the porosity. By evaluating these approaches under controlled and identical conditions, this study aims to clarify their respective strengths and limitations. Ultimately, the goal is to support the uniformization and standardization of ultrasound-based characterization of bone and other porous media.
A pure stress formulation for modeling elastic waves using central finite differences.
Bahreman M, Huang M, Png M … +2 more , Lan B, Kube CM
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246642 · Publisher ↗
A pure stress-based finite difference (FD) formulation is introduced for modeling elastic wave propagation in linear elastic solids with spatial heterogeneity. The approach derives from the strong form of the elastodynam...
A pure stress-based finite difference (FD) formulation is introduced for modeling elastic wave propagation in linear elastic solids with spatial heterogeneity. The approach derives from the strong form of the elastodynamic equation of motion, in which stress is the only dependent variable. A standard second-order central difference scheme is applied to discretize the equation of motion, allowing the space-time-dependent evolution of stress components to be modeled. Numerical dispersion analysis is performed for homogeneous, elastically isotropic materials. Simulations are then performed for a spatially heterogeneous case consisting of a bimaterial with stiffness heterogeneity. This bimaterial case allows comparison with known closed-form solutions for reflection and transmission coefficients and an analogous displacement-based FD model. Simulations are executed on modern graphics processing unit architectures, enabling stress-based modeling of large-scale three-dimensional problems exceeding 1 × 109 degrees of freedom. The approach shows promise for ultrasonic simulations in materials with stiffness heterogeneity and uniform mass density, conditions common in polycrystalline metals used in engineering applications. The formulation offers a potential alternative means of modeling wave propagation and scattering in heterogeneous materials, with possible applications in nondestructive evaluation, materials characterization, biomedical ultrasound, and geosciences.
Nonlinear propagation of multi-frequency acoustic waves induced by vibration of hyperelastic structures under internal resonance.
Xie F, Li Y, Li J … +1 more , Bi C
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246641 · Publisher ↗
Nonlinear acoustic propagation plays a crucial role in many practical applications, such as medical therapy and underwater communications. However, the nonlinear propagation behavior of multi-frequency acoustic waves rad...
Nonlinear acoustic propagation plays a crucial role in many practical applications, such as medical therapy and underwater communications. However, the nonlinear propagation behavior of multi-frequency acoustic waves radiated from nonlinear vibrating structures remains insufficiently understood. This study develops a coupled structural-acoustic model to numerically investigate the nonlinear acoustic radiation and propagation from a hyperelastic structure undergoing nonlinear vibration. Both geometric and material nonlinearities are incorporated into the finite element model of the structure, while nonlinear acoustic propagation in the surrounding fluid is solved using a high-order finite-difference time-domain scheme. The fluid-structure coupling is achieved through an improved immersed boundary method, which ensures the implicit satisfaction of compatibility conditions at the interface. Based on this framework, the nonlinear transient acoustic responses of the hyperelastic structure are examined, and the effects of the fluid nonlinearity parameter B/A and excitation amplitude on multi-frequency wave interactions are systematically analyzed. The numerical results demonstrate that the multi-frequency response induced by structural nonlinearity provides the necessary foundation for nonlinear wave-wave interactions, which, in turn, redistribute energy in different frequency components and modify the spatial patterns of high-order acoustic harmonics.
Underwater short-utterance speaker identification via Active Identity Embedding and parameter-efficient adaptation.
Luo T, Zhou F, Qiao G
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246640 · Publisher ↗
Ensuring diver safety during emergency scenarios requires robust speaker identification systems. However, traditional passive voiceprint extraction faces two major limitations: (1) distress utterances are often extremely...
Ensuring diver safety during emergency scenarios requires robust speaker identification systems. However, traditional passive voiceprint extraction faces two major limitations: (1) distress utterances are often extremely short and (2) severe underwater channel distortions degrade the acoustic-phonetic features. To break these limitations, we propose a paradigm shift toward Active Identity Embedding, which reformulates speaker identification as an active message embedding and extraction task. Our approach integrates identity embedding and extraction modules into the HiFi-Codec architecture, utilizing a multi-dilation Gated Convolutional Unit-based decoder to resist significant inter-symbol interference. To facilitate model adaptation in dynamic underwater environments, we propose a two-stage pretraining-fine-tuning strategy. This strategy employs a hybrid fine-tuning scheme-combining low-rank adaptation, full-parameter fine-tuning (FPFT), and parameter freezing-to minimize the computational overhead for on-device updates whereas acting as a structural regularizer. Experimental results on LibriTTS and WATERMARK datasets show that the proposed method successfully embeds a 16-bit identity message into 1-s speech segments with minimal quality degradation (perceptual evaluation of speech quality narrowband, PESQ-NB ≤ 0.07), achieving a bit error rate < 1% at 15 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the hybrid fine-tuning scheme reduces trainable parameters to only 18.7% of those required for FPFT.
Application of vibration-based methods for estimating radiated sound power of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene facades: Validation using a scaled model.
Singh A, Urbán D, Jiříček O
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246639 · Publisher ↗
The accurate determination of the sound insulation of building facades in the field can be affected by the limitations of standardized methods based solely on sound pressure measurements (e.g., ISO 16283-3:2016), particu...
The accurate determination of the sound insulation of building facades in the field can be affected by the limitations of standardized methods based solely on sound pressure measurements (e.g., ISO 16283-3:2016), particularly for lightweight, curved, and flexible systems, such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene cushions. ISO 16283-3 defines a practical and time-efficient procedure for objectively assessing the sound insulation properties of envelopes and facade elements, assuming that the envelope separates two acoustic environments of different nature (assuming a free acoustic field on the exterior side and a diffuse sound field on the interior side). This study discusses three vibration-based sound power estimation models: the acoustic radiation matrix method, Rayleigh's integral method, and the discrete calculation method. The surface vibration velocities of a curved ethylene tetrafluoroethylene cushion and a polyurethane cushion were measured by scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. The models were validated against full field finite element simulations and standardized sound intensity measurements (ISO 9614-2:1996), enabling a direct comparison between numerical and experimental approaches. The results show strong agreement between the methods, with acoustic radiation matrix providing particularly consistent near-field pressure and sound-power estimates when compared with FEM. Additionally, parametric studies reveal that increasing internal pressure shifts radiated energy toward higher frequencies, while greater curvature enhances radiation efficiency. Although the present work focuses on the transmitted (radiated) component, the ability to estimate radiated sound power from measured surface vibrations provides an essential basis for future extensions toward full transmission-loss metrics, such as the sound reduction index, which depend on the ratio of incident and radiated acoustic power. The framework therefore offers a non-invasive tool to complement existing pressure- and intensity-based approaches for the acoustic characterization of lightweight and adaptive facade systems.
Hearing natural animal sounds: Human emotional valence appraisal is strongly linked with auditory roughness perceptiona).
Taffou M, Bauer V, Schubert CL … +2 more , Viaud-Delmon I, Suied C
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246638 · Publisher ↗
Natural animal sounds can be perceived as "harsh" or "buzzy"-sound descriptions known as auditory roughness. In this study, the association between the human emotional appraisal of animal vocalizations and the perceived...
Natural animal sounds can be perceived as "harsh" or "buzzy"-sound descriptions known as auditory roughness. In this study, the association between the human emotional appraisal of animal vocalizations and the perceived roughness was examined across three sound categories-mammals, birds, and insects. Ninety 1-s vocalizations (30 per category) were rated online by two independent groups: one judged perceived roughness, the other judged valence and arousal. Perceived roughness showed a strong negative correlation with valence (rougher sounds were judged more negatively). No clear link between roughness and arousal emerged (no correlation for birds and mammals, and a small one for insects) probably because of the homogeneity of the arousal ratings. Acoustic analyses showed that a variability measure derived from the modulation power spectrum tracked perceived roughness and, inversely, valence within and across categories. Together, these results indicate that humans systematically interpret rough sounds, irrespective of their source species, as cues of negative valence. We propose that roughness is an ecologically meaningful auditory code that drives emotional responses to animal sounds in humans.
Aperiodicity cue for fricative voicing contrasts.
Chottin R, Demolin D, Pelorson X … +1 more , Van Hirtum A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42241102 · Publisher ↗
This study examines acoustic cues to voicing contrasts in French consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel sequences containing fricatives. We introduce an aperiodicity metric derived from the YIN difference function and evaluate...
This study examines acoustic cues to voicing contrasts in French consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel sequences containing fricatives. We introduce an aperiodicity metric derived from the YIN difference function and evaluate its ability to capture voicing properties in controlled, noise-free speech materials. Results show that the proposed measure enables reliable, objective classification of fricatives as voiced or unvoiced. When combined with a conventional acoustic feature (root mean square amplitude), the metric provides complementary information and supports accurate classification (approximately 83% overall) among unvoiced fricatives, voiced fricatives, and vowels using standard classifiers. These results demonstrate that aperiodicity-based cues offer a valuable addition to established spectral and amplitude-based features for detailed phoneme characterization.
Acoustic characterization of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) population structure and social organization in the South China Sea.
Chen H, Dong L, Liu M … +5 more , Lin W, Lin M, Serres A, Caruso F, Li S
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42241101 · Publisher ↗
Detailed ecological information on sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the South China Sea (SCS) remains scarce despite its potential as a key nursing ground. Based on passive acoustic monitoring data obtained durin...
Detailed ecological information on sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the South China Sea (SCS) remains scarce despite its potential as a key nursing ground. Based on passive acoustic monitoring data obtained during vessel-based surveys (2019-2025), this study provides the characterization of the population's coda patterns, which reflect cultural social structure. Using a machine learning-based algorithm to analyze inter-pulse intervals from 2163 regular clicks, estimated total lengths ranged from 7.74 to 12.48 m, with 90% of individuals under 10 m. This result confirms the presence of females and immature individuals in the region, forming social units typical of nursing areas. Unsupervised clustering of 641 codas identified 20-21 discrete types, primarily consisting of 4-7 clicks. The predominance of two "4 + 1 ++ 1" patterns identifies the SCS population as part of the widespread Pacific "four-plus" vocal clan, which is found in the Eastern Pacific (e.g., Galápagos, Peru, and Chile) as well as the Western Pacific (e.g., Tonga and Papua New Guinea). These findings provide critical baseline acoustic data for sperm whales in the SCS and highlight the potential importance of long-term monitoring of this region for the species conservation.
The Chebyshev polynomial series frequency modulation model for waveform design and analysis.
Blackstock SP, Tuninetti A, Vanderelst D … +2 more , Kloepper LN, Haberman MR
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42240551 · Publisher ↗
Polynomial phase signals (PPS) are a staple of waveform design and analysis in sonar, radar, and communications fields. They also find application in the modeling of bioacoustic emissions, especially those of echolocatin...
Polynomial phase signals (PPS) are a staple of waveform design and analysis in sonar, radar, and communications fields. They also find application in the modeling of bioacoustic emissions, especially those of echolocating animals such as bats and odontocetes. This work presents a novel PPS waveform formulation that exploits some special properties of Chebyshev polynomials, such as orthogonality, recurrence relations, and equivalence to trigonometric functions. The result is the Chebyshev polynomial frequency modulation (CPSFM) family of waveforms, which prove useful in the modeling of bioacoustic signals and the approximation of non-polynomial-phase signals such as hyperbolic chirps. We demonstrate that the CPSFM model admits compact analytic expressions for fundamental continuous-time signal processing functions such as the Fourier transform, the convolution and correlation operations, and the ambiguity function. Derivations for these expressions using CPSFM are presented, along with their application to the analysis of biosonar emissions of Mexican free-tailed bats.
Advancing passive acoustic ship detection in the Western Canadian Arctic: Signal processing and deep learning approaches.
Jedari-Eyvazi F, Frazao FS, Halliday WD … +5 more , Gehrmann R, Menelon L, Dingwall JT, Whidden C, Dowd M
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42240550 · Publisher ↗
The retreat of Arctic sea ice is driving an increase in vessel traffic and associated underwater noise, which interferes with the frequency bands used by Arctic marine mammals. Detecting co-occurring vessel noise and mar...
The retreat of Arctic sea ice is driving an increase in vessel traffic and associated underwater noise, which interferes with the frequency bands used by Arctic marine mammals. Detecting co-occurring vessel noise and marine mammal vocalizations in passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data can help to assess their adverse impacts and guide mitigation strategies. This paper proposes two ship noise detection techniques: a modified variant of the Frequency Amplitude Variation (FAV) method, MFAV, which integrates signal processing with a simple statistical threshold to enhance both interpretability and detection performance; and a convolutional neural network (CNN) model specifically trained to advance ship detection in the Canadian Arctic. Comparative analysis of our PAM test dataset from the western Canadian Arctic, based on peak F1-scores, demonstrates that the CNN model generalizes well to unseen sites and, with one exception, consistently outperforms both MFAV and FAV by 1%-8%, maintaining scores above 91%. Furthermore, MFAV improves the detection of boats by up to 22% and of larger ships by 6%. The developed methods are publicly available as an open-source tool on GitHub, contributing to the advancement of acoustic vessel monitoring techniques in Canadian Arctic waters in support of conservation efforts aimed at protecting Arctic marine mammal habitats.
A Bayesian inverse-problem framework for deriving uncertainty-aware adaptive algorithms in active noise controla).
Ardekani I, Abdulla W, Kaipio J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42240549 · Publisher ↗
This paper presents an inverse problem approach to analysis and design of adaptive active noise control algorithms. The proposed methodology employs Bayesian uncertainty quantification to guide and continuously optimize...
This paper presents an inverse problem approach to analysis and design of adaptive active noise control algorithms. The proposed methodology employs Bayesian uncertainty quantification to guide and continuously optimize control algorithms in real time. By formulating the control problem as a Bayesian inverse problem, we develop an explicit probabilistic model that enhances the adaptability of the system. Building on this model, we introduce an uncertainty-aware adaptation strategy that quantifies uncertainty in real time and incorporates it directly into control updates. A key contribution of this work is the insight that uncertainty estimation provides a powerful mechanism for dynamically optimizing control performance-addressing a critical limitation of conventional adaptive algorithms, especially in uncertain environments. Additionally, we demonstrate that the proposed framework generalizes the widely used filtered-x least mean square algorithm as a special case. Numerical simulations and experimental results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
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