The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Indoor discomfort from ground transportation traffic vibration and noise-Comparison between Vietnamese and Japanese young participants.
Tung NT, Matsumoto Y, Yokoshima S … +2 more , Morihara T, Hayashi K
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42240548 · Publisher ↗
This research investigated discomfort responses to combined whole-body vibration and noise in Vietnamese and Japanese participants. Twenty stimuli, comprising five vibration magnitudes and six noise levels induced by gro...
This research investigated discomfort responses to combined whole-body vibration and noise in Vietnamese and Japanese participants. Twenty stimuli, comprising five vibration magnitudes and six noise levels induced by ground transportation traffic (road traffic, Shinkansen railway, and conventional railway), were applied. Combined effects on discomfort were observed when vibration and noise had comparable impacts. Although Japanese participants reported greater discomfort, the increase because of combined effects did not differ significantly between groups. Logistic regression with an interaction term provided a statistically significant but marginal improvement in modelling "percent highly uncomfortable" responses, whereas including participant group significantly enhanced the model's goodness-of-fit. Both multiple linear regression and root-sum-of-squares models effectively modeled discomfort, performing better when applied to data with comparable vibration and noise effects than to all combined stimuli. These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural differences and stimulus comparability in modelling human responses to environmental vibration and noise.
Block sparse Bayesian learning with environmental perturbation for robust matched field processing.
Li Q, Han X, Cao R … +2 more , Wei Z, Yin J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42240547 · Publisher ↗
Compressive sensing (CS) theory offers a transformative approach to overcoming the inherent limitations of matched field processing (MFP) techniques. However, conventional CS-MFP methods usually rely on fixed prior model...
Compressive sensing (CS) theory offers a transformative approach to overcoming the inherent limitations of matched field processing (MFP) techniques. However, conventional CS-MFP methods usually rely on fixed prior model parameters to construct a dictionary matrix, which often fails to effectively address environmental mismatches caused by dynamic variations and parameter uncertainties in the ocean. To improve the environmental robustness of CS-MFP, a block dictionary matrix with multiple constraints is constructed using the first- and second-order statistics of random environmental parameters. On this basis, a multisnapshot block signal processing model incorporating environmental perturbations is proposed, transforming the matched field localization problem into a block sparse signal recovery problem. Within this framework, an efficient multisnapshot block sparse Bayesian learning (BSBL) algorithm is derived. Furthermore, by establishing different intrablock correlation models, two BSBL processors with enhanced robustness against environmental mismatch are developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through numerical simulations and real data collected north of Elba in 1993. The results indicate that, compared with the conventional sparse Bayesian learning processor, both proposed BSBL processors do not rely on specific prior environmental parameters and exhibit stronger robustness under environmentally mismatched conditions.
Noise-aware physics-consistent neural deconvolution for active sonar beamforming mapsa).
Nie R, Zhou Y, Fang S
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42228611 · Publisher ↗
High-frequency shallow-water active sonar commonly forms angle-range beam maps by matched filtering and delay-and-sum beamforming, but the resulting conventional beamforming outputs often suffer from limited resolution,...
High-frequency shallow-water active sonar commonly forms angle-range beam maps by matched filtering and delay-and-sum beamforming, but the resulting conventional beamforming outputs often suffer from limited resolution, strong sidelobes, and severe performance degradation under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and coherent interference. Beam-domain deconvolution methods model the beam map as a sparse reflectivity distribution blurred by a point-spread function (PSF), yet their inversion is ill-posed, sensitive to noise, and further challenged by shift-variant PSFs in wide-field angle-range imaging. This work proposes a noise-aware deconvolution beamforming convolutional neural network (NA-DBF-CNN) that couples a fully convolutional encoder-embedding-decoder backbone with an explicit physics-guided consistency constraint. The network is trained using a hybrid objective consisting of a peak-emphasized supervision loss and a SNR-weighted beam-domain data-consistency loss derived from the measurement model, where the noise-aware weight reflects sample-dependent reliability under mixed-SNR training. Monte Carlo simulations and lake experiments confirm that by enforcing consistency with the matched-filtering delay-and-sum forward projection, NA-DBF-CNN alleviates the reliance on shift-invariant PSF approximations and improves robustness in challenging multi-target scenarios.
The enduring legacy of linear prediction for characterizing speech signals.
Story BH
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223990 · Publisher ↗
The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
Data-driven sampling strategies for fine-tuning bird detection modelsa).
Bernard C, McEwen B, Cretois B … +3 more , Glotin H, Stowell D, Marxer R
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223266 · Publisher ↗
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has emerged as a promising tool for collecting ecological data, particularly in the context of bird population monitoring. Bird species can be automatically identified using pre-trained...
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has emerged as a promising tool for collecting ecological data, particularly in the context of bird population monitoring. Bird species can be automatically identified using pre-trained models, such as BirdNET. The performance of these models can be significantly improved through fine-tuning with annotated samples recorded in the specific acoustic conditions in which the microphones are deployed. However, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) collects vast amounts of data, and annotating bird vocalizations requires specialized expertise. As a result, only a very small portion of the recordings can be effectively labeled. Selecting the most relevant samples to annotate in order to maximize performance in model fine-tuning remains a significant challenge. First, a regularization technique addresses the challenge of class imbalance during model fine-tuning. Next, a data-driven methodology is developed, introducing the influence score, which quantifies the impact of individual training samples on model performance to inform sampling strategies. A linear model is proposed to estimate the influence score for generalization to unseen data. Finally, several sampling strategies are compared, based on acoustic indices and predictions of the pre-trained model. Together, these contributions enable the identification of efficient annotation strategies to overcome the challenges of limited annotation resources in large-scale PAM.
Estimating mechanical impedance from hydrophone measurements.
Polat H, McDaniel JG, Gilbert J … +1 more , Lucifredi I
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223265 · Publisher ↗
Integrating machine learning or deep learning models into autonomous underwater vehicles often requires extra steps with an accuracy trade-off, and the scarcity of training datasets makes it inconvenient. This work intro...
Integrating machine learning or deep learning models into autonomous underwater vehicles often requires extra steps with an accuracy trade-off, and the scarcity of training datasets makes it inconvenient. This work introduces a reduced-order identification approach for thin spherical shells using sparse hydrophone measurements. Because these impedances are unique to a given scatterer, the central hypothesis is that they provide strong identification potential. The method begins by using established techniques to analytically reconstruct the scattered field from hydrophone measurements. From this field, the surface pressures and velocities corresponding to each spherical harmonic are obtained and used to compute the in vacuo mechanical impedance. The method's effectiveness is then evaluated using synthetic data with added noise. Results demonstrate that Modal Mechanical Impedance Estimation can approximate the first two modal mechanical impedances with absolute percentage error less than 10% in the low-frequency range (ka ≤ 2.1) with only 10 hydrophones. Its performance is limited by directivity due to increasing frequency. By enabling efficient computation without any training phase, the proposed method stands out as a promising candidate for real-time and low-energy applications.
Effects of fundamental-frequency separation and spatial configuration on speech intelligibility in the mid-sagittal plane under bone-conduction stimulation.
Wang J, Shi Z, Stenfelt S … +3 more , Wang X, Wang L, Sang J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223264 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated effects of spatial separation and fundamental-frequency separation (ΔF0) on speech reception thresholds (SRTs) and masking release (MR) with stimulation in the mid-sagittal plane using air conduct...
This study investigated effects of spatial separation and fundamental-frequency separation (ΔF0) on speech reception thresholds (SRTs) and masking release (MR) with stimulation in the mid-sagittal plane using air conduction (AC) earphones and bilateral bone conduction (BC) transducers at the mastoids. Twenty-four participants with normal-hearing, 12 each in 2 separate experiments, were tested in simulated spatial configurations based on non-individualized head-related transfer functions. Stimuli were equalized between the two stimulation modalities. Results showed that increasing vertical spatial separation and separating fundamental frequency (F0) both significantly reduced SRTs. Under BC stimulation, the MR attributable to vertical spatial separation and to ΔF0 was approximately additive. AC stimulation exhibited a similar near-linear accumulation of benefits, with a locally supra-linear gain observed at ΔF0 = 2 semitones. Within the mid-sagittal plane, ΔF0 accounted for the majority of the observed improvement in speech intelligibility, whereas the independent contribution of vertical spatial separation was relatively modest. These findings indicate that both AC and BC stimulations benefit from spatial and F0 cues, with F0 producing a larger effect than vertical spatial separation within the tested parameter range. The results have implications for auditory modeling and for optimization of BC hearing device algorithms.
Mechanism of the acoustic radiation of semi-infinite plate below critical frequency: Radiation from the boundary.
Dong W, Wang S, Huang Z … +3 more , Wang T, Xiong L, Chen M
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223263 · Publisher ↗
Engineering experience shows that in noise and vibration control for ships and aircraft, measures like stiffening can reduce vibration but may fail to lower radiated noise, as they disrupt structural continuity and creat...
Engineering experience shows that in noise and vibration control for ships and aircraft, measures like stiffening can reduce vibration but may fail to lower radiated noise, as they disrupt structural continuity and create new radiation sources. This paper investigates the sub-critical frequency sound radiation from the boundaries of semi-infinite plates using analytical and discrete Fourier transform methods. A force-excited finite plate is also considered, generating its supersonic sound intensity map. Results demonstrate that the near- and far-field sound pressure and supersonic sound intensity manifest the radiation patterns of different boundary conditions as monopole, dipole, and quadruple pole patterns. At resonance, boundary acoustic radiation dominates in finite structures. Furthermore, as the plate size and frequency increase, the radiation differences among various boundary conditions converge to the results observed in semi-infinite plates. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between vibration and sound radiation, offering valuable insights for controlling sound radiation in engineering applications.
Weighted modal domain beamforming for reverberation suppression based on energy differences between target echoes and reverberation.
Du F, Yu G, Han X … +2 more , Du P, Chen Y
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223262 · Publisher ↗
Reverberation that is highly correlated with the transmitted signal presents a major obstacle to effective array signal processing in shallow water environments. To address this issue, an underwater reverberation suppres...
Reverberation that is highly correlated with the transmitted signal presents a major obstacle to effective array signal processing in shallow water environments. To address this issue, an underwater reverberation suppression method that is based on modal decomposition is proposed for uniform circular arrays. On the basis of the established array-element signal model for both target echoes and reverberation, the energy distribution characteristics of these two types of signals across different orders in the modal domain are analyzed. By leveraging the insights gained from this analysis, a weighting matrix is introduced into the conventional modal transformation matrix, thereby enhancing the target echoes and suppressing reverberation. Simulation and experimental results confirm that, compared with conventional beamforming techniques, the proposed method achieves significantly improved underwater reverberation suppression performance.
Auditory regularity detection in the ferret.
Poole KC, Chait M, Bizley JK
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42206893 · Publisher ↗
Acoustic sequences that transition from random to regularly repeating tones are increasingly used to study how the auditory system detects structure. Humans can identify such regularities rapidly, often within a single c...
Acoustic sequences that transition from random to regularly repeating tones are increasingly used to study how the auditory system detects structure. Humans can identify such regularities rapidly, often within a single cycle. We trained ferrets (n = 6) to detect transitions from random tone sequences to repeating patterns. Animals learned the task and showed high accuracy for short (three tone) patterns. Performance remained above chance for patterns of up to seven tones, although accuracy declined with increased pattern length. In a control condition where both random and regular segments contained the same five frequencies, ferrets continued to detect regularity, indicating they relied on temporal patterning rather than spectral content. To further rule out spectral cues, we included transitions from random 20 tone sequences to random 3, 5, or 7 tone sequences without repetition. Although these stimuli elicited response rates above the false alarm rate seen in fully random trials, detection accuracy remained substantially lower than that observed for regular sequences. This suggests ferrets were not solely detecting changes in spectral statistics but true regularity. Together, our results indicate that sensitivity to regular patterns within sound is not unique to humans and may reflect a broader auditory computation shared across species.
Do acoustic cues influence the McGurk effect-an audiovisual speech illusion?
Moisio ITJ, Peromaa T, Vainio L … +2 more , Vainio M, Tiippana K
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42206892 · Publisher ↗
Visual and auditory information are seamlessly integrated when speech is perceived. This is illustrated by the McGurk effect, where incongruent visual information from the speaker's face alters the consonant the listener...
Visual and auditory information are seamlessly integrated when speech is perceived. This is illustrated by the McGurk effect, where incongruent visual information from the speaker's face alters the consonant the listener hears. However, it remains unclear how acoustic features of speech influence this illusion. In this study, perceptual data from 52 listeners exposed to McGurk stimuli (acoustic [pa] with visual [ka] spoken by four speakers) were combined with acoustic analyses of [pa], [ta], and [ka] to examine whether key features of plosive consonants, the noise burst, and formant transitions influence the effect. The following six acoustic cues of these features were analyzed: the center of gravity and duration of the noise burst and the frequency range and duration of the second and third formant transitions. Linear mixed modeling showed that most of these features contributed to the illusion, with the duration of the second formant transition being the strongest cue. In some cases, perception shifted as the acoustic difference decreased; for example, the McGurk stimulus was heard more as TA when the second formant transition of [pa] resembled that of [ta]. This study demonstrated that specific acoustic phonetic cues contribute systematically to the McGurk effect.
Range-dependent matched-field geoacoustic inversion using a tonal source towed on circular tracks.
Meyer F, Hodgkiss WS, Saucan AA
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42206891 · Publisher ↗
We aim to estimate the acoustic properties and their spatial variability on the New England Mud Patch using data collected during the Seabed Characterization Experiment 2017. In particular, we use tonal signals between 3...
We aim to estimate the acoustic properties and their spatial variability on the New England Mud Patch using data collected during the Seabed Characterization Experiment 2017. In particular, we use tonal signals between 303 and 953 Hz emitted by a source towed on circular tracks and recorded by a vertical line array. For Bayesian geoacoustic inversion, we develop a Metropolis-Hastings (MH) method that combines several ideas: (i) adaptation to learn "on the fly" the covariance matrix of the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the joint parameter vector, (ii) principal-component updates for identifying and jointly sampling correlated variables, (iii) parallel tempering to better explore multi-modal geoacoustic PDFs, (iv) an observation model based on adiabatic normal modes that can describe moderately range-dependent sound propagation, and (v) a model parametrization that allows geoacoustic parameters to change linearly with depth in each layer (with a specific focus on sound speed). We demonstrate that our MH method can accurately estimate mud-related geoacoustic parameters as well as the range dependence of the water depth and upper-sediment mud thickness. We also compare a range-independent variant of our approach with a range-independent trans-D reference method.
Periodic extension phase unwrapping for direction-of-arrival estimation using sparse undersampled arrays: Method and field validation.
Ma W, Tian C, Lyu C … +1 more , Li J
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42206890 · Publisher ↗
To address spatial aliasing and phase ambiguity in broadband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse, spatially undersampled underwater acoustic arrays, this paper presents periodic extension phase unwrapping (P...
To address spatial aliasing and phase ambiguity in broadband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse, spatially undersampled underwater acoustic arrays, this paper presents periodic extension phase unwrapping (PEPU). PEPU first extends the wrapped cross-spectral phase within the physical bound imposed by the interelement-spacing-to-wavelength ratio, thereby constructing a candidate phase space containing the admissible ambiguity orders. It then extracts the dominant phase trajectory from this candidate space using local phase smoothness for initialization and cross-frequency continuity for trajectory selection. By screening candidate trajectories globally rather than linking neighboring points locally, PEPU suppresses isolated low-coherence anomalies caused by multipath propagation or interference nulls and delivers continuous absolute phase for a conventional DOA inversion stage. Results from two sea trials conducted in the South China Sea indicate that the method reduces the influence of anomalous frequency bins associated with multipath propagation, localized coherence collapse, and nonstationary disturbances, thereby improving the stability of broadband phase unwrapping for large-spacing arrays and providing reliable phase input for ambiguity-free DOA estimation.
Noise emissions from ultrasonic antifouling and their potential effects on marine mammals.
Ram M, von Pein J, Thomsen F
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42206889 · Publisher ↗
Biofouling on ship hulls increases drag, fuel consumption, and therefore greenhouse gas emissions. It also contributes to the spread of invasive species and can clog seawater cooling systems. Ultrasonic antifouling is an...
Biofouling on ship hulls increases drag, fuel consumption, and therefore greenhouse gas emissions. It also contributes to the spread of invasive species and can clog seawater cooling systems. Ultrasonic antifouling is an emerging technology that employs high-frequency vibrations to inhibit organism attachment, which can potentially reduce biofouling. Commercial shipping is already a major source of mostly low-frequency underwater radiated noise. The use of ultrasonic antifouling equipment raises concern whether the additional high-frequency noise emissions significantly increase the acoustic stress on marine mammals. This study evaluates the noise emissions of ultrasonic antifouling transducers installed on a tanker and a diving vessel. Underwater noise measurements and numerical propagation modeling were combined to assess the environmental side effects of the emitted underwater noise on marine mammals. The acoustical results are compared with thresholds defining the onset of a behavioral response as well as hearing impairment. It was found that sensitive species, such as harbor porpoise, can experience behavioral effects up to distances of 3 km.
Just noticeable difference thresholds of asynchrony and non-isochrony in a Multi-Instrumental groove-based context.
Câmara GS, Spiech C, Solli S … +4 more , Bang B, Rogulina O, Laeng B, Danielsen A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42201766 · Publisher ↗
Musicians convey timing "feels" in groove-based performance by manipulating onset asynchrony between instruments and the durational ratio of metrical subdivisions (non-isochrony, or "swing"). The present study tested whe...
Musicians convey timing "feels" in groove-based performance by manipulating onset asynchrony between instruments and the durational ratio of metrical subdivisions (non-isochrony, or "swing"). The present study tested whether listeners perceive such fine-grained timing deviations by measuring the just-noticeable difference (JND) thresholds of asynchrony and swing in a naturalistic funk pattern featuring Guitar, Bass, and Drums (Kick, Snare, Hi-hat). Sixty-four participants (32 musicians, 32 non-musicians) completed a 1IFC staircase task with uniform onset displacements (asynchrony: ±1-100 ms; swing: +1-71.5 ms). Pupillary responses, an index of attentional allocation and sensory conflict, were recorded throughout. Results show that: (1) JND thresholds of asynchrony and swing are higher in realistic, multi-instrumental groove-based contexts than in previously reported non-/quasi-musical contexts; (2) instrument type strongly modulates sensitivity with percussive instruments yielding the lowest thresholds and stringed instruments the highest; (3) listeners exhibit a bias whereby late displacements require larger magnitudes for detection, suggesting asymmetric temporal prediction in auditory timing; (4) musical training enhances sensitivity globally but especially benefits the perception of less salient instruments; and (5) pupil responses track the absolute magnitude of microrhythmic expression related to swing as well as asynchrony, providing a physiological index of salience scaling with microrhythmic displacement.
Beamforming in the reproducing kernel domain based on spatial differentiation.
Iwami T, Inoue N, Omoto A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42201305 · Publisher ↗
This paper proposes a novel beamforming framework in the reproducing kernel domain, derived from a unified interpretation of directional response as spatial differentiation of the sound field. By representing directional...
This paper proposes a novel beamforming framework in the reproducing kernel domain, derived from a unified interpretation of directional response as spatial differentiation of the sound field. By representing directional response using polynomial differential operators, the proposed method enables the formulation of arbitrary beam patterns including non-axisymmetric. This is achieved by reinterpreting beamforming as a functional acting on the sound field, parameterized by directivity function and a virtual observation position. The derivation of the reproducing kernel associated with the interior fields is mathematically supported by Hobson's theorem, which allows concise analytical expressions. Furthermore, the proposed framework generalizes conventional spherical harmonic (SH) domain beamformers by reinterpreting them as spatial differential operators, thereby clarifying their theoretical structure and extensibility. Four numerical simulations conducted in two- and three- dimensional space confirm the validity of the method. The results demonstrate improved sound field reconstruction accuracy when microphone directivity is explicitly modeled and show that the proposed beamformer achieves performance comparable to SH domain beamforming across a wide range of conditions while providing slightly improved performance at higher frequencies.
Object and setting identification in natural auditory scenesa).
McMullin MA, Higgins NC, Kumar R … +2 more , Elhilali M, Snyder JS
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42201304 · Publisher ↗
Auditory scene perception allows listeners to identify both the setting and the objects within a scene, supporting decision-making and situational awareness. While visual scene and object recognition are well-studied, le...
Auditory scene perception allows listeners to identify both the setting and the objects within a scene, supporting decision-making and situational awareness. While visual scene and object recognition are well-studied, less is known about how listeners identify settings (e.g., forest) and objects (e.g., birds) in complex auditory environments. This study examined how scene duration influences listeners' ability to identify settings (e.g., café) and objects (e.g., music, talking, espresso machines) in natural auditory scenes. Participants listened to scenes of varying durations (1, 2, and 4 s) and reported the setting and objects present in each scene. Object identification was more accurate than setting identification across durations, but performance on both tasks benefited from increased durations. Several low- and mid-level acoustic features significantly predicted performance, although these models explained relatively little variance overall. These findings suggest that while acoustic structure contributes to performance, differences between object and setting identification likely reflect interacting perceptual and cognitive processes. Setting identification may depend more on integrating information across multiple sound sources and global scene properties (e.g., openness or naturalness), whereas object identification may rely more on segregation and recognition of individual sound sources and their features.
A hybrid radiative transfer and statistical energy analysis theory for point-coupled subsystems.
Theyssen J, Totaro N, Maxit L … +1 more , Le Bot A
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42200625 · Publisher ↗
This article presents a hybrid theory in sound and vibration, unifying statistical energy analysis (SEA) and radiative energy transfer theory for point-coupled two-dimensional subsystems excited by stationary random forc...
This article presents a hybrid theory in sound and vibration, unifying statistical energy analysis (SEA) and radiative energy transfer theory for point-coupled two-dimensional subsystems excited by stationary random forces. It is designed to bridge the gap between the domains in which the vibrational field is diffuse and where it is not a result of a high damping. The theory extends the applicability of SEA beyond its traditional range, addressing limitations posed by nonhomogeneous energy distribution and point coupling between subsystems. The reformulation of the radiative transfer equation for point-coupled subsystems is a central focus, providing a solution to the singularity issue in the energy kernel. A test case of two plates coupled by a spring demonstrates the efficiency of the hybrid model, showing good agreement with reference calculations.
Tracking ships with submarine cables: Unsupervised arrival time detection and event localization using distributed acoustic sensinga).
Thiem L, Vaupel M, Wienecke S … +3 more , Eidsvik J, Taweesintananon K, Landrø M
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42200624 · Publisher ↗
Monitoring marine traffic is crucial for maritime safety, collision prevention, and the protection of seabed infrastructure such as pipelines, power, and telecommunication cables. This study investigates the use of distr...
Monitoring marine traffic is crucial for maritime safety, collision prevention, and the protection of seabed infrastructure such as pipelines, power, and telecommunication cables. This study investigates the use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for ship detection in the Trondheimsfjord, Norway, using a fiber-optic telecommunication cable trenched at the seabed. By analyzing continuous ship-generated acoustic signals with persistent homology, direct arrival time curves are extracted and inverted for traveltimes, enabling ship localization. The results show that persistent homology effectively detects arrival time patterns in continuous signals in DAS data, with detected ships located up to 1.6 km away from the fiber. The localization results are in good agreement with automatic identification system (AIS) data, and an unidentified vessel absent from AIS records was also detected. These findings highlight the potential of DAS for real-time marine traffic monitoring, offering new possibilities for enhancing maritime situational awareness and mitigating the risk of damage to critical infrastructure. Additionally, this approach could contribute to collision avoidance systems aimed at reducing whale-ship strikes.
Monitoring coastal ocean dynamics under typhoon conditions using submarine distributed optical-fiber acoustic sensing.
Fang S, Lin J, Xu W
J Acoust Soc Am · 2026 May · PMID 42190105 · Publisher ↗
Coastal communities face increasing risks from sea-level rise and changing cyclone activity in a warming climate, yet in situ observations remain sparse, particularly, during extreme weather. Instrumenting submarine opti...
Coastal communities face increasing risks from sea-level rise and changing cyclone activity in a warming climate, yet in situ observations remain sparse, particularly, during extreme weather. Instrumenting submarine optical-fiber cables with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) offers a promising solution by using seafloor compliance noise induced by ocean surface gravity waves (OSGWs) as an environmental proxy. Here, a DAS observation of compliance noise along a 17.7 km cable in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China, during Typhoon Khanun (2023) is reported. Distinct spectrographic features of observed compliance noise (0.05-0.35 Hz) reflect the interactions of OSGWs with tidal levels, currents, and winds. Using a proposed methodology, bathymetry, tidal levels, linear shear current vector profiles, and directional OSGW spectra along the cable were systematically measured. Validations against reference bathymetry, local forecasts of tidal level and currents, satellite imagery, and reanalysis winds confirm the measurement reliability. The measured results reveal the dominance of the M2 tidal constituent in the study area, a periodically enhanced vertical shear of flood currents induced by the local submarine slope, and the local OSGW response to typhoon-intensified winds. This work demonstrates the feasibility of repurposing existing submarine optical-fiber cables for robust monitoring of coastal ocean dynamics and hazards.
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