Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Effect of dietary xylanase supplementation on gut barrier integrity and mucosal immunity in pigs.
Lothong M, Rukarcheep D, Samritwatchasai T … +2 more , Poonyachoti S, Kaewtapee C
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42161123 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the effect of xylanase supplementation on growth performance and intestinal barrier integrity in pigs fed low metabolizable energy (ME) diets. Eighteen growing pigs (41.2 ± 0.8 kg) were allocated...
This study investigated the effect of xylanase supplementation on growth performance and intestinal barrier integrity in pigs fed low metabolizable energy (ME) diets. Eighteen growing pigs (41.2 ± 0.8 kg) were allocated to three diets in a complete randomized design, including: basal diet (3300 kcal ME/kg), low ME diet (3200 kcal/kg), and low ME supplemented with 0.01% xylanase enzyme. After 14 days, performance and intestinal mucosa parameters, including the expression of molecules related to physiology and mucosal immunity, were assessed using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. Pigs fed the xylanase-supplemented diet had higher (P < 0.05) final bodyweight (55.45 kg) than low ME (51.10 kg), and comparable to basal (55.24 kg). Feed conversion ratio and feed costs were also improved (P < 0.05) in the xylanase group (2.19; 43.6 baht/kg) compared with both low ME (2.69; 52.2 baht/kg) and basal diet (2.46; 46.3 baht/kg). Xylanase supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) ileal glucose transporters (SGLT1 and GLUT2), colonic immune-related genes (TLR4, BD, BD3 and BD4), compared to the other groups. Tight junction genes (CLDN2, CLDN5, and ZO1) were upregulated (P < 0.05) in the colon of xylanase-fed pigs compared to the low ME. Xylanase also upregulated (P < 0.05) mucosal defense factors (sIgA components and mucin 2) compared with the control. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation restored growth performance to the basal level while enhancing feed efficiency and intestinal barrier integrity in pigs fed low-ME diets.
Peripheral blood eosinophilia in dogs and cats: A cross-sectional study on prevalence, seasonality, and endoparasite infections in a referral hospital population.
Sabetti MC, Corsini A, Colosini M … +7 more , Tirolo A, Danieli L, Fozzer M, Vismarra A, Genchi M, Quintavalla C, Morandi B
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42156203 · Publisher ↗
Peripheral blood eosinophilia is commonly interpreted in small animal practice as a potential indicator of parasitic infection, although evidence supporting this association remains limited. This study aimed to prospecti...
Peripheral blood eosinophilia is commonly interpreted in small animal practice as a potential indicator of parasitic infection, although evidence supporting this association remains limited. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the relationship between peripheral eosinophilia and intestinal/respiratory endoparasites in dogs and cats, and to assess whether eosinophilia shows seasonal fluctuations in a referral hospital population. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a veterinary teaching hospital (November 2022-November 2024). Complete blood counts were screened to identify eosinophilia (≥750 cells/μL in dogs; ≥950 cells/μL in cats) and cases were assigned to meteorological seasons. Prospectively identified eosinophilic animals underwent coprological testing (pooled fecal samples) using flotation (Mini-FLOTAC®) and Baermann techniques. Eosinophilia was detected in 310/2750 (11.3%) dogs and 101/1091 (9.3%) cats. Eosinophil counts did not differ significantly across seasons in either species, and the proportion of eosinophilic animals remained stable throughout the year, with no evidence of a linear seasonal trend. In the prospective cohort, endoparasites were identified in 6/68 (8.8%) eosinophilic dogs and 3/18 (16.7%) eosinophilic cats. Eosinophil concentrations overlapped substantially between parasite-positive and parasite-negative animals. In this urban referral population, peripheral eosinophilia was common, showed no meaningful seasonal pattern, and was infrequently associated with detectable endoparasitic infection. These findings support a diagnostic-driven approach to antiparasitic treatment rather than empirical therapy based solely on eosinophil counts.
Sexual dimorphism in the right pelvic bone of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): Geometric morphometric analysis.
Öztürkler O, Deveci Eİ, Uğur AB … +5 more , Manuta N, Güzel BC, Januzi V, Aslan D, Duro S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42150377 · Publisher ↗
This study tested whether sexual dimorphism in the adult guinea pig right pelvic bone is expressed as differences in centroid size, landmark-based shape, and allometric pattern using computed tomography-derived three-dim...
This study tested whether sexual dimorphism in the adult guinea pig right pelvic bone is expressed as differences in centroid size, landmark-based shape, and allometric pattern using computed tomography-derived three-dimensional models. A total of 31 adult guinea pigs were initially available, but one female specimen was identified as a marked centroid-size outlier and excluded from inferential analyses; the final analytical sample therefore comprised 11 females and 19 males. Ten fixed landmarks were analyzed on Procrustes-aligned coordinates exported from the landmarking workflow. Centroid size was compared between sexes, raw shape variation was assessed with permutation-based Procrustes ANOVA and principal component analysis, allometry was tested by multivariate regression of shape on log centroid size, and size-corrected shape differences were examined from regression residuals. Males had significantly larger centroid sizes than females (Welch t-test, p = 0.0008). Raw shape differed significantly by sex (F = 14.50, R = 0.341, p = 0.0001). The first two principal components explained 40.09% and 15.16% of the total raw shape variance, respectively. Allometry was significant, but the size-by-sex interaction was not (F = 1.61, p = 0.0958), indicating a broadly shared allometric trend in both sexes. After removal of the allometric component, sex-related shape differences remained significant (F = 6.12, R = 0.179, p = 0.0001). These findings show that pelvic dimorphism in the guinea pig pelvic bone reflects both size-dependent and size-independent components of variation.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in swine nutrition: A systematic review of bioactive compounds, physiological functions, and feeding applications.
Wu S, Mo P
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42143966 · Publisher ↗
Pig feed made from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is nutritious and bioactive. This review covers its composition, physiological effects, and pig feed use. Leaves and tubers provide carbs, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and...
Pig feed made from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is nutritious and bioactive. This review covers its composition, physiological effects, and pig feed use. Leaves and tubers provide carbs, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and beneficial polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. Functional nutrition is now about gut health, antioxidants, and inflammation. Boiling, drying, and ensiling affect nutrients. Typical inclusion levels of sweet potato roots (10-30% of diet) and vines (5-15%) are generally safe without compromising growth. Consistent positive outcomes include improved gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier markers, whereas effects on growth performance, feed conversion, and meat quality traits are variable. Sweet potato increases gut flora, antioxidants, and intestinal barrier without impairing productivity. However, antinutritional elements, palatability changes, and storage/processing stability issues restrict its benefits. Researchers should optimize processing to increase nutrient availability, develop animal feed sweet potato cultivars, and evaluate immunological, metabolic, and environmental sustainability. Overall, sweet potato is a diverse feed that improves swine production resilience, efficiency, and sustainability.
Short communication: Reference intervals for serum biochemical parameters in dairy calves during the first 10 days of life.
Lorenzi V, Valli G, Tempini M … +9 more , Fusi F, Vitali R, Campana L, Sangalli E, Vecchio D, Bergagna S, Barberio A, Bertocchi L, Archetti I
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42143965 · Publisher ↗
Accurate reference intervals for serum biochemical parameters are essential for clinical interpretation in neonatal calves, yet data for the first days of life remain limited and rarely stratified by narrow age ranges. T...
Accurate reference intervals for serum biochemical parameters are essential for clinical interpretation in neonatal calves, yet data for the first days of life remain limited and rarely stratified by narrow age ranges. This study established age-specific reference intervals for clinically healthy Italian Holstein-Friesian calves during the first 10 days of life and evaluated differences among three age groups (24-48 h, 3-4 days, 5-10 days). A total of 178 calves were enrolled. Serum samples were analyzed for indicators of liver function, muscle metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid profile, protein status, acute-phase response, and mineral balance. Nonparametric reference intervals were calculated for each age group. Most analytes were significantly influenced by age, except haptoglobin, total protein, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Results highlight the dynamic physiology of the neonatal period and provide robust, age-stratified RIs to improve clinical decision-making and research interpretation in neonatal bovine medicine.
Comparative in vitro response of canine, human, and murine osteosarcoma cell lines to resveratrol, homeopathic mistletoe (V.A. CH200), and doxorubicin.
Brasileiro FCDS, Pedro G, Franzoni MS … +5 more , de Oliveira RC, Gomes COMS, Delella FK, Fonseca-Alves CE, Laufer-Amorim R
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42143543 · Publisher ↗
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive, metastatic tumor that poses significant treatment challenges in both humans and animals. While natural antitumor agents such as Viscum album and resveratrol have shown dose-dependent c...
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive, metastatic tumor that poses significant treatment challenges in both humans and animals. While natural antitumor agents such as Viscum album and resveratrol have shown dose-dependent cytotoxicity and have reduced proliferation and motility in human OS cells in vitro, their effects on canine and murine OS cells remain untested. This study examined the in vitro antineoplastic activity of resveratrol and homeopathic mistletoe (Viscum album, CH200) compared with doxorubicin, using MTT, Transwell, and annexin/PI assays across canine (D17, UNESP-OSA8), human (SaOS-2), and murine (UMR-106) OS cell lines. All three compounds selectively inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 18.52 μM, 50.29 μM, 37,84 μM, and 24.83 μM for resveratrol; 22.38 μL/mL, 25.19 μL/mL, 31,88 μL/mL, and 28.82 μL/mL for Viscum album CH200; and 398.8 nM, 777.3 nM, 473,5 nM, and 918.1 nM for doxorubicin, depending on the cell line. These concentrations also significantly reduced cell migration, with resveratrol displaying the strongest inhibition. Apoptosis was identified as the primary mode of action for each compound. The results indicate that both resveratrol and Viscum album CH200 can lower cell viability and migration, highlighting their potential as adjuncts to chemotherapy and underscoring the importance of further research into their interactions with standard treatments.
Advances in porcine salivaomics: A review of biomarkers, diagnostics, and research approaches.
Jeong GH, Lim KS
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42139872 · Publisher ↗
Salivaomics, the comprehensive analysis of saliva using omics technologies, has emerged as a noninvasive approach for monitoring physiological and pathological states in pigs. Porcine saliva contains a wide range of biom...
Salivaomics, the comprehensive analysis of saliva using omics technologies, has emerged as a noninvasive approach for monitoring physiological and pathological states in pigs. Porcine saliva contains a wide range of biomolecules, including hormones, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, that reflect systemic health, immune activity, and stress status. Compared to blood and other body fluids, saliva collection offers practical advantages, such as stress-free sampling, repeatability, and suitability for large-scale farm applications. Recent studies have demonstrated the diagnostic value of salivary biomarkers, including cortisol and oxytocin for assessing stress; haptoglobin and adenosine deaminase for assessing immune responses; and nucleic acid detection of pathogens such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and Streptococcus suis for disease diagnosis. Advances in proteomics and metabolomics have established saliva as a reliable matrix for assessing welfare and productivity, whereas emerging transcriptomic and microbiomic approaches promise deeper insights into host responses and oral-systemic interactions. Future research integrating multi-omics analyses and optimized sampling protocols will enable the precise real-time health monitoring of porcine populations. Saliva represents a key frontier for improving animal welfare, disease prevention, and sustainable livestock management.
Comparison of equine PBMC isolation using two protocols: Impact on key cellular parameters.
Magalhães VLP, Pinho FA, Souza FN … +6 more , Santos KR, Santos AS, Hlavac N, Libera AMPD, Massoco CO, Barrouin-Melo SM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42139871 · Publisher ↗
There are diverse uses for equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in research. Studies have shown that PBMC isolation protocols can affect immune parameters of diagnostic and research assays. We aimed to assess...
There are diverse uses for equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in research. Studies have shown that PBMC isolation protocols can affect immune parameters of diagnostic and research assays. We aimed to assess the impact of equine blood handling techniques on cell yield, viability, and proliferation under mitogen stimulation. Whole blood (WB) samples were collected from eight healthy adult horses into heparinized tubes for PBMC isolation by comparing method 1 (M1) where freshly collected WB was layered directly over a density gradient medium for centrifugation, followed by PBMC harvesting and treating them with erythrocyte lysis buffer (ELB); and M2, where WB rested at room temperature for spontaneous erythrocyte sedimentation before collection of the erythrocyte-depleted upper layer, which was then layered onto the density gradient medium for centrifugation and PBMC harvesting, without ELB washing. Isolated PBMC were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con-A) for proliferation and analyzed by flow cytometry using CFSE and propidium iodide staining. Cell yield of PBMC isolated without ELB (M2) resulted in higher counts (1.4 × 10 ± 0.5 cells/mL) than that of PBMC using M1 (0.4 × 10 ± 0.25 cells/mL) (P = 0.0159). Cell viability was similar between PBMC isolated using either M1 or M2. PBMC isolated using M2 had higher proliferation (40.78% ± 12.4) than PBMC using M1 (21.86% ± 13.5) (P = 0.028). PBMC isolation after spontaneous erythrocyte sedimentation and without the erythrocyte lysis treatment showed a superior performance in the evaluated parameters, underscoring that PBMC separation methods may significantly influence subsequent analyses.
Molecular detection and characterization of Hepatitis E virus in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from northern Italy.
Olivieri E, Rigamonti S, Montagna R … +4 more , Lodola CM, Ricchi M, Vicari N, Prati P
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42119550 · Publisher ↗
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with wild boars (Sus scrofa) recognized as important reservoirs in Europe. This study investigated HEV circulation in wild boar populations inhabiting the Ticino R...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with wild boars (Sus scrofa) recognized as important reservoirs in Europe. This study investigated HEV circulation in wild boar populations inhabiting the Ticino River Natural Park (Lombardy, northern Italy), an area characterized by high wild boar density and frequent human-animal interaction. Between 2016 and 2018 and 2020-2022, a total of 3040 liver samples and 582 bile samples were collected from hunted or found-dead wild boars as part of regional wildlife surveillance. HEV RNA was detected by Real-Time RT-PCR targeting the ORF3 region, and positive samples were further characterized by nested RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of the ORF2 region. Overall, HEV RNA was detected in 8.0% of samples, with a higher prevalence observed in males (9.0%) than females (7.4%), and increased prevalence in colder months (winter 10.8%, autumn 8.1%) compared to summer 3.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF2 sequences revealed all successfully sequenced strains belonged to subtype HEV-3f1, showing high similarity to human HEV strains reported in Italy. These findings confirm active circulation of zoonotic HEV-3f1 in wild boars in the region and underscore the potential risk of environmental contamination and transmission to humans, especially given area's popularity for outdoor activities and proximity to domestic swine populations. Continued surveillance and molecular characterization of HEV in wildlife and domestic animals are essential for understanding HEV dynamics and reducing zoonotic transmission risks, with important public health implications, underscoring the need to strengthen surveillance systems and implement targeted prevention measures, particularly among populations at risk of exposure.
Comprehensive kinase inhibitor screening reveals potential therapeutic targets in canine melanoma: A Comparative Precision Oncology study.
Andriotti LA, Xavier PLP, Rochetti AL … +9 more , Qazi TJ, Ferrero AT, de Francisco Strefezzi R, Gomes COMS, Dagli MLZ, Leitão A, Da Silva ER, Muller S, Fukumasu H
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114276 · Publisher ↗
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer in both humans and dogs with significant biological and clinical similarities. This study aimed to identify therapeutic kinase targets in canine melanoma by screening kinase inhibit...
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer in both humans and dogs with significant biological and clinical similarities. This study aimed to identify therapeutic kinase targets in canine melanoma by screening kinase inhibitors in canine melanoma cell lines. Cell viability assays showed that seven inhibitors reduced viability in both CMGD2 and TLM1 cells, whereas additional compounds showed cell line-specific activity. The most promising kinase targets were AURKA, AURKB, AXL, CLK1/2/4, IGF1R, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2. Gene expression analysis confirmed expression of these targets in the cell lines, except for CLK3. In silico analyses revealed high structural homology (≥90%) between canine and human kinases, supporting the translational relevance of these findings. Molecular docking further demonstrated similar predicted binding profiles between human and canine kinases. Several FDA-approved drugs targeting these kinases were identified as potential repurposing candidates for canine melanoma treatment. These findings highlight the potential of targeted therapies for canine melanoma and reinforce the value of comparative oncology in advancing precision medicine across species. However, these findings are based on an exploratory single-dose in vitro screen, a small tumor cohort, and in silico analyses, and therefore require dose-response, protein-level, and in vivo validation.
Diagnostic value of digital PCR (dPCR) in the diagnosis of leishmania infantum from canine chronic dermatitis.
Brustenga L, Brachelente C, Morganti G … +5 more , Porcellato I, Gavaudan S, Canonico C, Veronesi F, Capomaccio S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42107337 · Publisher ↗
The diagnosis of CanL can be challenging due to its broad clinical spectrum and frequent occurrence of subclinical infections in endemic areas. Molecular methods, particularly qPCR, have become pivotal in CanL diagnosis....
The diagnosis of CanL can be challenging due to its broad clinical spectrum and frequent occurrence of subclinical infections in endemic areas. Molecular methods, particularly qPCR, have become pivotal in CanL diagnosis. The study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of digital PCR (dPCR) and qPCR, which is currently considered the gold standard for the quantitative detection of L. infantum DNA. Skin biopsies from 37 dogs living in CanL-endemic areas were selected based on histopathological criteria. DNA was extracted from FFPE tissue and Leishmania detection was performed using both qPCR and dPCR with a Leishmania-specific assay. Immunohistochemistry was additionally performed on samples in which Leishmania DNA was detected, provided that sufficient material was available. Different statistical tests were used to compare the performance and agreement between dPCR and qPCR. dPCR demonstrated excellent technical performance, with an average of ∼25,000 partitions per sample, and detected significantly more copies than qPCR, especially in samples with low DNA concentrations. While quantitative agreement was substantial (Lin's CCC = 0.86), dPCR systematically measured higher values. At a detection threshold of 1 copy/μL, dPCR achieved 100% sensitivity, highlighting a superior detection capability. However, the specificity decreased to 62%, likely reflecting the detection of additional low-level positives. Cohen's κ indicated moderate categorical agreement (0.54) between the two methods. Overall, the results show that dPCR represents a novel and promising quantitative molecular technique for the detection of Leishmania DNA in FFPE skin samples.
Rapid detection of porcine circovirus type2 using a combination of RAA isothermal amplification and Cas12a nucleic detection technology.
Fan L, Liu X, Hu J … +5 more , Chi J, Fei X, Qi C, Wang E, Su F
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42107336 · Publisher ↗
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in piglets has caused huge economic losses to the swine industry. Rapid clinical detection of PCV2 is crucial for disease clearan...
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in piglets has caused huge economic losses to the swine industry. Rapid clinical detection of PCV2 is crucial for disease clearance. Instead of conventional PCV2 diagnostic methods, isothermal amplification detection has rapidly developed in recent year, of which RAA/RPA-mediated isothermal amplification supplied effective methods in PCV2 detection. But the potential accuracy ratio and requirement of purified DNA limited its application in clinical samples. Recent studies indicate that the Cas12a protein can be used for nucleic acid detection which brings a new perspective to clinical sample testing for disease. Integrating isothermal amplification with Cas12a detection methods to achieve rapid clinical sample testing represents the future trend in rapid diagnostics. In this study, RAA-mediated isothermal amplification and Cas12a-mediated nucleic testing technology were combined for PCV2-infected clinical samples rapid checking. First, Cas12a protein was expressed from E.coli BL21 (DE3) that containing a Cas12a expressed plasmid and purified and then its biofunction was evaluated. Isothermal amplificated primers and crRNAs were designed based on the ORF-2 sequences of PCV2 genome. Subsequently the optimal reaction condition of RAA-Cas12a detection system was assessed by fluorescence intensity detection. Then the detection sensitivity was evaluated and the assays demonstrates this method can detect much lower copies of PCV2 than LAMP-PCR assays. It also exhibits superior specificity over individual PCR, RPA, and LAMP-PCR. Additionally, this study saves a relatively significant time compared to other detection methods, mainly reflected in steps such as DNA extraction. Finally, Clinical sample testing demonstrates that this method maintains over 98% accuracy consistency with PCR detection. In summary, this study established a rapid RAA-Cas12a-based detection method for PCV2 clinical samples. Its high accuracy and operational simplicity make it suitable for future rapid clinical testing of PCV2.
A large-scale, longitudinal study on the epidemiology of Nosema (=Vairimorpha) ceranae and black queen cell virus (BQCV) in Apis mellifera colonies across the Italian agroecosystems.
Tiritelli R, Tafi E, Albertazzi S … +6 more , Capano V, Caringi V, Guerra I, Bortolotti L, Nanetti A, Cilia G
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42107335 · Publisher ↗
Honey bee health is increasingly compromised by multiple interacting stressors, including pathogens whose epidemiology is shaped by environmental and temporal variables. Among them, highly prevalent and impactful are the...
Honey bee health is increasingly compromised by multiple interacting stressors, including pathogens whose epidemiology is shaped by environmental and temporal variables. Among them, highly prevalent and impactful are the microsporidian Nosema (=Vairimorpha) ceranae and the black queen cell virus (BQCV). This study presents a large-scale, longitudinal assessment of the two pathogens in managed Apis mellifera colonies across all Italian regions, conducted between the years 2021 and 2024 and involving 12028 samples from 398 apiaries. Molecular qPCR diagnostics revealed N. ceranae in 50.9% of the samples, with significant peaks of prevalence and abundance in northwestern regions and during spring (March and June). BQCV, analysed in the third year only, showed a markedly higher prevalence (77.6%). Co-infection was frequently observed, and a weak positive correlation was found between the pathogens' abundances. Land use also emerged as a relevant factor: N. ceranae prevalence was significantly lower in arable lands, while BQCV presence and viral loads were reduced in forest and semi-natural habitats. The complete absence of N. apis suggested the hypothesised replacement by N. ceranae, as verified in other Mediterranean Countries. Overall, the results highlight the multifactorial nature of honey bee disease ecology and the importance of integrating spatial, seasonal, and land-use data into pathogen surveillance systems. Understanding these patterns is essential for designing regionally adapted management practices and improving colony resilience.
Experimental evolution of enrofloxacin resistance and cross-resistance in Escherichia coli using a MEGA-plate system.
Kerek Á, Török B, Laczkó L … +5 more , Kardos G, Bányai K, Kaszab E, Bali K, Jerzsele Á
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42105512 · Publisher ↗
Fluoroquinolones are widely used in veterinary medicine, and their extensive application has raised concerns regarding the selection of antimicrobial resistance and cross-resistance. This study investigated the experimen...
Fluoroquinolones are widely used in veterinary medicine, and their extensive application has raised concerns regarding the selection of antimicrobial resistance and cross-resistance. This study investigated the experimental evolution of enrofloxacin resistance and associated cross-resistance in Escherichia coli using a Microbial Evolution and Growth Arena (MEGA)-plate system. A reference E. coli strain (ATCC 25922) was exposed to stepwise increasing concentrations of enrofloxacin, enabling the spatial separation and isolation of bacterial populations adapted to different levels of selective pressure. Isolates recovered from distinct exposure zones were subjected to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, and whole-genome sequencing to identify genetic changes associated with resistance development. Progressive exposure to enrofloxacin increased the enrofloxacin MIC from 0.003 μg/mL (parental) to 4 μg/mL in 1000 × -zone isolates (1333-fold). Cross-resistance was observed for selected non-fluoroquinolone agents, with MIC increases ranging from 8 to 33-fold for β-lactams, 4-fold for tetracyclines, and 16-fold for florfenicol. Genomic analysis identified mutations in genes encoding fluoroquinolone target enzymes (gyrA, parC) as well as regulatory genes linked to multidrug efflux systems (acrR, marR, robA, emrR). Together, these findings indicate that enrofloxacin-driven selection can promote cross-resistance through a combination of target-site alterations and changes in the regulation of efflux-associated resistance mechanisms. The results show that the MEGA-plate system is a suitable experimental model for studying stepwise resistance evolution and underscore the need for prudent use of enrofloxacin in veterinary settings.
Retrospective study of ten years of dystocic calving assisted by veterinarians in a bovine semi-extensive production grass-based system.
Quaresma M, Silva M, Martins  … +9 more , Mendes B, Linhares JC, Cota L, Rendeiro L, Ribeiro M, Silveira M, Garcia P, Oliveira T, João Fagundes-da-Silva J
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42105511 · Publisher ↗
This retrospective study assessed dystocic calving attended by a group of veterinarians over a ten-year period (2014-2024) in the semi-extensive bovine production system of Terceira, Azores, where cows spend the majority...
This retrospective study assessed dystocic calving attended by a group of veterinarians over a ten-year period (2014-2024) in the semi-extensive bovine production system of Terceira, Azores, where cows spend the majority of their time grazing year-round on inclined volcanic pastures, with a high degree of mobility. Data were collected from 3257 dystocic parturitions involving 3523 calves. The data presented here derive exclusively from records of one veterinary team and are not representative of all dystocia cases on the island, as other veterinarians and farmers also attended calving. Fetal causes were the most prevalent, particularly abnormal presentations, postures, and positions. Primiparous cows were proportionally more affected by fetopelvic disproportion (P < 0.001, OR = 3.67, [3.03-4.46]); incomplete vulvar dilation (P < 0.001, OR = 6.59, [4.40-9.87]); and incomplete cervical dilation (P < 0.001, OR = 3.88, [2.56-5.87]) and pluriparous cows were proportionally more affected by uterine torsions ((P < 0.001, OR = 2.12, [1.46-3.09]) and uterine inertia (P < 0.001, OR = 4.54, [3.27-6.31]). The calf mortality was lower in crossbreed calving (346/1053, 32.9%) than when cow and bull were of the same breed (810/2159, 37.5%), (P = 0.0098), with purebred calves having 1.2 higher odds of dying (OR = 1.2, [1.05-1,43]). Dystocia associated calf mortality reached 1400 out of 3523 (39.7%), with increased rates observed in twin births (71/133,53.5%), primiparous (427/888, 48.1%) and cases involving congenital malformations (53/62, 85,9%). Calf mortality in dystocic calving varied with season of calving (P = 0.04), with higher calf dystocia associated mortalities, in this group, in Autumn. The data indicates that the causes does not substantially differ from those reported in other systems.
Ready to go wild? Factors affecting the representation and contribution of veterinarians in a selection of wildlife-oriented research disciplines.
Beaulieu M, Alberdi G, Barguille AC … +13 more , Benex T, Bourdeverre M, Deïana-Fabreguettes A, Depreetere E, Dievart M, Gaulon G, Ihuel G, Leduc E, Régnier R, Roquet-Carlo E, Sineriz S, Testard J, Lefrançois E
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42102427 · Publisher ↗
Veterinarians could enrich wildlife-oriented research through their unique perspective informed by health and welfare. However, embarking on this path may prove challenging, as both research and wildlife play only a mino...
Veterinarians could enrich wildlife-oriented research through their unique perspective informed by health and welfare. However, embarking on this path may prove challenging, as both research and wildlife play only a minor role in their education. To examine the factors affecting the representation and contribution of veterinarians in wildlife-oriented research, we identified and reviewed research articles recently published by veterinary authors in five wildlife-oriented disciplines differing in familiarity, establishment, and practical applicability (behavior, physiology, ecology/evolution, conservation, welfare). In general, we found that the representation and contribution of veterinarians in these disciplines were modest. A notable exception, however, was their high representation in wild animal welfare research, presumably because of (1) their familiarity with welfare-related topics, (2) the match between their early personal interests and the prevalence of animal welfare in their education, and (3) the practical applicability of this intervention-oriented research discipline. Importantly, having an additional PhD considerably increased the general contribution of veterinary authors. Overall, our results indicate that veterinarians are only partly prepared to conduct wildlife-oriented research. Veterinary education could facilitate their involvement in wildlife-oriented research by maintaining their early interest in wildlife throughout their studies while strengthening their interests in research.
Changes in saliva and colostrum biomarkers, fecal calprotectin, and productive parameters of sows after polyphenols and medium-chain fatty acids supplementation during gestation.
Martínez-Martínez A, Goyena E, Cerón JJ … +3 more , Toledo M, Sánchez-Rivilla G, Muñoz-Prieto A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42102426 · Publisher ↗
Dietary supplementation with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and polyphenols may represent an effective nutritional strategy to enhance gut health and reduce oxidative stress in sows. The purpose of this study was to eva...
Dietary supplementation with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and polyphenols may represent an effective nutritional strategy to enhance gut health and reduce oxidative stress in sows. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in salivary biomarkers related to redox status, immune function, and stress, as well as biomarkers in colostrum and fecal calprotectin, in sows supplemented with MCFA and polyphenols. Saliva, colostrum and fecal samples were collected within the first 6 h after farrowing. In addition, reproductive performance of the sows and productive parameters of their litters were evaluated. The group that received the additive showed lower concentrations of ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) (p-value = 0.026) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (p-value = 0.045). In addition, it showed higher salivary alpha-amylase concentrations (p-value = 0.045), higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in colostrum (p-value = 0.040), and lower fecal calprotectin concentrations (p-value = 0.010). Also, a significant increase was observed in litter weight at weaning in this group (p-value = 0.043). Overall, the inclusion of MCFA and polyphenols in the diet of sows resulted in a reduction in gastrointestinal inflammation, evidenced by lower fecal calprotectin, increased IgG levels in colostrum, and an improved oxidative status reflected by salivary biomarkers. This report opens the possibility of application of non-invasive biomarkers as an useful tool to evaluate the effects of dietary additive supplements in sows.
Evaluation of a smartphone-based six‑lead ECG for clinical electrocardiography in cats.
Alibrandi L, Tognetti R, Pellegrini V … +2 more , Grosso G, Vezzosi T
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42096779 · Publisher ↗
Smartphone-based electrocardiographic devices (smECGs) are promising tools for both human and veterinary medicine, as they provide greater portability convenience and ease of use than standard methods. Although six‑lead...
Smartphone-based electrocardiographic devices (smECGs) are promising tools for both human and veterinary medicine, as they provide greater portability convenience and ease of use than standard methods. Although six‑lead smECG devices have been studied in dogs, there is currently no research on their application in cats. This prospective observational study thus evaluates a six‑lead smECG device in feline clinical practice. A total of forty cats underwent simultaneous ECG recordings with a standard ECG (stECG) and the six‑lead smECG. Heart rhythm was assessed; heart rate, P- and R-wave amplitudes, wave and interval durations and the QRS mean electrical axis were measured. The Bland-Altman plot and Cohen's κ test were used to assess the agreement between the devices. All smECG traces were evaluable. The smECG showed perfect agreement with the stECG in heart rhythm diagnosis (κ = 1) and QRS axis deviation (κ = 1). No clinically significant differences in heart rate or wave and interval duration were observed between the devices. However, the smECG tended to underestimate the P- and R-wave amplitude. The six‑lead smECG device was easy to use and reliable in cats, providing an accurate assessment of heart rhythm and ECG parameters. This tool shows promise for integration into feline clinical practice.
Associations between teat apex, milk microbiota, and udder health in primiparous cows: Effects of decontamination in a low biomass context.
Ferronatto JA, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Ganda EK … +11 more , Heinemann MB, Gonçalves JL, Dos Santos MV, Arantes JA, Duarte VS, Guimarães AS, Costa MC, Joossens M, De Vliegher S, Souza FN, Della Libera AMMP
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42090896 · Publisher ↗
Recent advances in molecular techniques have enabled exploration of commensal microbial communities that may influence disease development or prevention. The bovine mammary gland is constantly exposed to environmental th...
Recent advances in molecular techniques have enabled exploration of commensal microbial communities that may influence disease development or prevention. The bovine mammary gland is constantly exposed to environmental threats that may lead to mastitis, and the teat apex provides a primary access route for infectious agents, playing a crucial role in the first line of defense against both environmental and cow-associated pathogens. The teat apex may also serve as a reservoir for microorganisms that can cause intramammary infections (IMI). This study aimed to: I) evaluate teat apex and milk microbiota profiles; II) associate teat apex microbiota with udder health indicators in primiparous cows at seven days in milk; and III) investigate the effects of in silico decontamination on teat apex and milk microbiota profiles. Ten primiparous Holstein cows, seven days in milk (DIM), were enrolled. Quarter milk samples were collected for bacteriological culture, microbiota analysis, and SCC assessment, and teat apex swabs were collected simultaneously. Negative environmental controls were included to monitor contamination. Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter taxa were most abundant in milk, whereas Bacillus and Staphylococcus were most abundant in teat apex samples. Beta diversity revealed that the teat apex microbiota clustered more closely with environmental controls (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001) than with milk samples, highlighting substantial environmental influence. Microbiota profiles varied across in silico decontamination thresholds, and associations with udder health indicators were detected only at the 0.8 decontamination threshold using unweighted UniFrac. This first investigation of teat apex and quarter milk microbiota in early-lactating primiparous cows highlights key differences between niches and underscores the impact of environmental contamination.
From nose to systemic disease: Nasal bacteria community alterations in nursery piglets infected with Streptococcus suis serotype 9.
Lopes CE, Cruz JC, Ferronato A … +13 more , Carvalho JB, Casagrande MB, Klain V, Piva MM, de Marco Viott A, Menegatt JCO, Frazzon J, Varela APM, Ribeiro LT, de Camargo LJ, Canal CW, Driemeier D, Mayer FQ
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42090895 · Publisher ↗
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) causes systemic disease in piglets mainly at the nursery phase. In Brazil, an increase in outbreaks caused by serotype 9 strains has been a challenge in the last few years. As the nasal cavit...
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) causes systemic disease in piglets mainly at the nursery phase. In Brazil, an increase in outbreaks caused by serotype 9 strains has been a challenge in the last few years. As the nasal cavity is the first line of defense against respiratory agents, this study aimed to characterize the nasal microbiota of piglets systemically infected with S. suis. Nasal swabs were collected from two groups (healthy and diseased piglets) from three farms. After the DNA extraction, the V4 region of 16S rRNA was amplified and submitted to metabarcoding sequencing. A series of bioinformatic analyses was performed to investigate the diversity and composition of the nasal bacterial community and metabolic pathways associated with both groups. Histopathological and bacteriological examination confirmed that all diseased animals had systemic infection by S. suis serotype 9. The diseased group showed significantly lower alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity compared to the healthy group. The nasal microbiota of the diseased group was enriched by Streptococcaceae family and Streptococcus genus. Conversely, gut-associated bacteria were enriched in the healthy group (Bacteroidota, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae). Four metabolic pathways were enriched in the diseased group (Phosphomannomutase, Phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase, Ferrochelatase, and Membrane alanyl aminopeptidase) and could be associated with S. suis infection. In conclusion, this study brings the identification of a nasal dysbiotic profile associated with systemic S. suis serotype 9 infection and an unexpected enrichment of gut-associated taxa in healthy pigs.
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